Dementia and Antipsychotic Treatment: Literature Search Strategies

Use of second generation antipsychotic agents for off-label uses including dementia These searches were conducted on 02/03/13 and were an extension of the search strategy used for the AHRQ review of Maglione et al. (2011).

MEDLINE (PubMed) #1 Search atypical antipsychotic* OR atypical anti-psychotic* OR "risperidone"[MeSH 17550 Terms]OR "paliperidone palmitate"[Supplementary Concept] OR "asenapine"[Supplementary Concept] OR "iloperidone"[Supplementary Concept] OR "risperidone"[Supplementary Concept] OR "ziprasidone"[Supplementary Concept] OR "olanzapine"[Supplementary Concept] OR "quetiapine"[Supplementary Concept] OR "aripiprazole"[Supplementary Concept] OR olanzapine[tiab] OR quetiapine[tiab] OR risperidone[tiab] OR ziprasidone[tiab] OR aripiprazole[tiab] OR paliperidone[tiab] OR iloperidone[tiab] OR asenapine[tiab] #2 Search "Antipsychotic Agents"[MeSH] OR "Antipsychotic Agents"[Pharmacological 118317 Action] #3 Search "Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders"[Mesh] OR insomni*[tiab] OR 932761 sleep*[tiab] OR "Anorexia Nervosa"[Mesh] OR "Anorexia"[Mesh] OR "Bulimia"[Mesh] OR "Bulimia Nervosa"[Mesh] OR anorexi*[tiab] OR bulimi*[tiab] OR substance abuse* OR drug abuse* OR alcohol abuse OR addict* OR drug dependen* OR cocaine OR heroin OR "Substance-Related Disorders"[Mesh] OR "Anxiety"[Mesh] OR "Anxiety Disorders"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Anxiety Agents"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Anxiety Agents "[Pharmacological Action] OR anxiety[tiab] OR anxious*[tiab] OR anti-anxiety[tiab] OR antianxiety[tiab] OR autism [tiab] OR autistic[tiab] OR "Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity"[Mesh] OR attention deficit disorder[tiab] OR adhd [tiab] OR "Tourette Syndrome"[Mesh] OR tourette*[tiab] OR "Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder"[Mesh] OR "Obsessive Behavior"[Mesh] OR "Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic"[Mesh] OR "Personality Disorders"[Mesh] OR "Dementia"[Mesh] OR "Depressive Disorder, Major"[Mesh] OR obsessive*[tiab] OR posttraumatic stress[tiab] OR post-traumatic stress[tiab] OR post traumatic stress[tiab] OR ptsd[tiab] OR personality disorder*[tiab] OR dementia[tiab] OR major depress*[tiab] #4 Search "off-label" [tiab] OR "off label" [tiab] OR "offlabel" [tiab] 2874 #5 Search (#1 OR #2) AND (#3 OR #4) 27141 #6 Search ((animal*[tiab] OR "animals"[MeSH Terms]) NOT (human[tiab] OR humans[tiab] 3636066 OR "humans"[MeSH Terms])) #7 Search (#5) NOT #6 22076 #8 Search english[Language] 18108524 #9 Search (#7) AND #8 18687 #10 Search ("2010/09/01"[Date - Publication] : "2013/02/01"[Date - Publication]) 2240450 #11 Search (#9) AND #10 1624

PsycInfo S1 olanzapine OR quetiapine OR risperidone OR ziprasidone OR aripiprazole OR 10,413 paliperidone OR iloperidone OR asenapine S2 (atypical antipsychotic* OR atypical anti-psychotic*) 5,773 S3 (depression OR depressive OR anxiety OR anti-anxiety OR antianxiety OR 552,744 insomnia OR sleep* OR anorexi* OR bulimi* OR tourett* OR attention deficit disorder OR adhd OR substance abuse* OR drug abuse* OR alcohol abuse OR addict* OR drug dependen* OR cocaine OR heroin OR personality disorder* OR posttraumatic stress disorder OR post-traumatic stress OR ptsd or dementia OR "major depressive" OR obsessive-compulsive OR obsessive compulsive or dementia OR ((geriatric OR elderly) AND (agitation OR agitated))) S4 KW (off-label OR "off label" OR offlabel OR pharmacoepidemiolog*) OR TI (off- 168 label OR "off label" OR offlabel OR pharmacoepidemiolog*) S5 S1 OR S2 12,864 S6 S3 OR S4 548,086 S7 S5 AND S6 4,131 S8 LA english 3,126,642 S9 S7 AND S8 3,849 S10 S9 Limiters - Published Date from: 20100901-20130231 657

Cochrane Library #1 olanzapine: ti,ab, kw or quetiapine: ti,ab, kw or risperidone: ti,ab, kw or 3631 ziprasidone: ti,ab, kw or aripiprazole: ti,ab, kw #2 asenapine: ti,ab, kw or iloperidone: ti,ab, kw or paliperidone: ti,ab, kw 107 #3 #1 or #2 3697 #4 "schizophrenia": ti,ab, kw or "bipolar disorder": ti,ab, kw 9459 #5 #3 not #5 1496 Limited to Systematic Reviews and Controlled Trials 1457

Use of antipsychotic agents for patients with dementia These searches were conducted on in January 2015 and were designed to encompass all possible literature that addressed the use of antipsychotic agents in individuals with dementia, including literature already covered by the prior search and the searches used in the AHRQ review on use of atypical antipsychotic agents for off-label indications.

MEDLINE (PubMed) search, conducted on 1/21/15 Search Query Items found #1 Search ("Alzheimer Disease"[MH] OR "Alzheimer"[TIAB] OR "Alzheimer's"[TIAB] OR 223418 "CADASIL"[TIAB] OR "Cortical dementia"[TIAB] OR "Cortical dementias"[TIAB] OR "Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome"[MH] OR "Dementia with Lewy bodies"[TIAB] OR "Dementia"[MH] OR "dementia"[TIAB] OR "Dementia, Multi-Infarct"[MH] OR "Dementia, Vascular"[MH] OR "dementias"[TIAB] OR "frontotemporal dementia"[TIAB] OR "Lewy body dementia"[TIAB] OR "Lewy Body Disease"[MH] OR "mild cognitive impairment"[TIAB] OR "Parkinson's Dementia"[TIAB] OR "Pick Disease of the Brain"[MH] OR "Subcortical dementia"[TIAB] OR "Subcortical dementias"[TIAB] OR "Vascular dementia"[TIAB] OR "Vascular dementias"[TIAB] OR "Cognition Disorders"[MH] OR "cognitive disorder"[TIAB] OR "cognitive disorders"[TIAB] OR "cognitive impairment"[TIAB] OR "cognitive impairments"[TIAB]) AND ("1900"[Date - Publication] : "2014"[Date - Publication]) #2 Search ("9-hydroxy-risperidone"[NM] OR "9-hydroxy-risperidone"[TIAB] OR 125423 "abilify"[TIAB] OR "aripiprazole"[NM] OR "aripiprazole"[Supplementary Concept] OR "aripiprazole"[TIAB] OR "Asenapine"[NM] OR "asenapine"[Supplementary Concept] OR "Asenapine"[TIAB] OR "atypical anti-psychotic" [TIAB] OR "atypical antipsychotic"[TIAB] OR "atypical anti-psychotics" [TIAB] OR "atypical antipsychotics"[TIAB] OR "Consta"[TIAB] OR "Fanapt"[TIAB] OR "Geodon"[TIAB] OR "iloperidone"[Supplementary Concept] OR "Iloperidone"[TIAB] OR "Invega"[TIAB] OR "Lurasidone"[TIAB] OR "olanzapine"[NM] OR "olanzapine"[Supplementary Concept] OR "olanzapine"[TIAB] OR "paliperidone palmitate"[NM] OR "paliperidone palmitate"[Supplementary Concept] OR "Paliperidone"[TIAB] OR "quetiapine"[NM] OR "quetiapine"[Supplementary Concept] OR "quetiapine"[TIAB] OR "Relprevv"[TIAB] OR "Risperdal"[TIAB] OR "risperidone"[MeSH Terms] OR "Risperidone"[MH] OR "Risperidone"[NM] OR "risperidone"[Supplementary Concept] OR "Risperidone"[TIAB] OR "Saphris"[TIAB] OR "Seroquel"[TIAB] OR "Symbyax"[TIAB] OR "ziprasidone"[NM] OR "ziprasidone"[Supplementary Concept] OR "ziprasidone"[TIAB] OR "Zydis"[TIAB] OR "Zyprexa"[TIAB] OR "Antipsychotic Agents"[Pharmacological Action] OR "antipsychotic agents"[MAJR] OR "antipsychotic agents"[MH] OR "antipsychotic"[TIAB] OR "antipsychotics"[TIAB] OR "Chlorpromazine"[MH] OR "Chlorpromazine"[TIAB] OR "Chlorpromazine"[NM] OR "Thorazine"[TIAB] OR "Largactil"[TIAB] OR "Chlorprothixene"[MH] OR "Chlorprothixene"[TIAB] OR "Chlorprothixene"[NM] OR "Taractan"[TIAB] OR "Clozapine"[MH] OR "clozapine"[TIAB] OR "clozaril"[TIAB] OR "Fazaclo"[TIAB] OR "clozapine"[NM] OR "Droperidol"[MH] OR "droperidol"[TIAB] OR "droperidol"[NM] OR "Inapsine"[TIAB] OR "fluphenazine depot"[NM] OR "fluphenazine depot"[TIAB] OR "fluphenazine enanthate"[NM] OR "fluphenazine enanthate"[TIAB] OR "Fluphenazine"[MH] OR "Fluphenazine"[TIAB] OR "Prolixin"[TIAB] OR "Modecate"[TIAB] OR "haloperidol decanoate"[NM] OR "haloperidol decanoate"[TIAB] OR "Haldol"[TIAB] OR "Haloperidol"[MH] OR "haloperidol"[TIAB] OR "haloperidol"[NM] OR "Loxapine"[MH] OR "Loxapine"[TIAB] OR "Loxitane"[TIAB] OR "Loxapac"[TIAB] OR "Loxapine"[NM] OR "Mesoridazine"[MH] OR "Mesoridazine"[TIAB] OR "Mesoridazine"[NM] OR "Serentil"[TIAB] OR "Molindone"[MH] OR "Molindone"[TIAB] OR "Moban"[TIAB] OR "Molindone"[NM] OR "Perphenazine"[MH] OR "Perphenazine"[TIAB] OR "Trilafon"[TIAB] OR "Perphenazine"[NM] OR "Pimozide"[MH] OR "Pimozide"[TIAB] OR "Orap"[TIAB] OR "Pimozide"[NM] OR "Thioridazine"[MH] OR "Thioridazine"[TIAB] OR "Mellaril"[TIAB] OR "Thioridazine"[NM] OR "Thiothixene"[MH] OR "Thiothixene"[TIAB] OR "Navane"[TIAB] OR "Thiothixene"[NM] OR "Trifluoperazine"[MH] OR "Trifluoperazine"[TIAB] OR "Stelazine"[TIAB] OR "Trifluoperazine"[NM] OR "Zeldox"[TIAB] OR "flupenthixol"[TIAB] OR "flupenthixol"[NM] OR "flupenthixol"[TIAB] OR "Fluanxol"[TIAB] OR "zuclopenthixol"[TIAB] OR "Clopixol"[TIAB]) AND ("1900"[Date - Publication] : "2014"[Date - Publication]) #3 Search ("randomized controlled trial"[Publication Type] OR "random allocation" 3043922 [Title/Abstract] OR "random assignment" [Title/Abstract] OR "randomisation" [Title/Abstract] OR "randomised" [Title/Abstract] OR "randomization" [Title/Abstract] OR "randomize"[Title/Abstract] OR "randomized"[Title/Abstract] OR "randomly allocated" [Title/Abstract] OR "randomly assigned" [Title/Abstract] OR "sham control" [Title/Abstract] OR "sham group" [Title/Abstract] OR "placebo"[Title/Abstract] OR "multicenter study"[Publication Type] OR "multicenter trial" [Title/Abstract] OR "multi-center trial" [Title/Abstract] OR "multicenter trials" [Title/Abstract] OR "multi-center trials" [Title/Abstract] OR "meta analyses"[Title/Abstract] OR "meta analysis"[Publication Type] OR "meta analytic" [Title/Abstract] OR "metaanalysis"[Title/Abstract] OR "systematic review" [Title/Abstract] OR "systematic reviews"[Title/Abstract] OR "practice guideline"[Publication Type] OR "guideline"[Publication Type] OR "case control" [Title/Abstract] OR "clinical trial" [Title/Abstract] OR "clinical trial"[Publication Type] OR "clinical trials" [Title/Abstract] OR "Cohort Analysis" [Title/Abstract] OR "cohort research" [Title/Abstract] OR "Cohort Studies" [Title/Abstract] OR "cohort study" [Title/Abstract] OR "cohort trial" [Title/Abstract] OR "comparative study"[Publication Type] OR "comparator group" [Title/Abstract] OR "controlled clinical trial"[Publication Type] OR "controlled studies"[Title/Abstract] OR "controlled study"[Title/Abstract] OR "controlled trial"[Title/Abstract] OR "controlled trials"[Title/Abstract] OR "followup research" [Title/Abstract] OR "follow-up research" [Title/Abstract] OR "followup study" [Title/Abstract] OR "follow-up study" [Title/Abstract] OR "followup trial" [Title/Abstract] OR "follow- up trial" [Title/Abstract] OR "longitudinal research" [Title/Abstract] OR "longitudinal study" [Title/Abstract] OR "longitudinal trial" [Title/Abstract] OR "naturalistic research" [Title/Abstract] OR "naturalistic study" [Title/Abstract] OR "naturalistic trial" [Title/Abstract] OR "prospective cohort" [Title/Abstract] OR "prospective research" [Title/Abstract] OR "prospective study" [Title/Abstract] OR "prospective trial" [Title/Abstract] OR "retrospective cohort" [Title/Abstract] OR "retrospective research" [Title/Abstract] OR "retrospective study" [Title/Abstract] OR "retrospective trial" [Title/Abstract]) AND ("1900"[Date - Publication] : "2014"[Date - Publication]) #4 Search ("case reports"[PT] OR "comment"[PT] OR "editorial"[PT] OR "letter"[PT] 4839705 OR infant[MeSH] OR child, preschool[MeSH] OR child[MeSH:noexp] OR "neonate"[TIAB] OR "neonatal"[TIAB] OR "infant"[TIAB] OR "child"[TIAB] OR "children"[TIAB]) AND ("1900"[Date - Publication] : "2014"[Date - Publication]) #5 Search (("animals"[MeSH Major Topic] OR "animals"[MeSH Terms] OR 3980257 "animal"[Title/Abstract] OR "animals"[Title/Abstract] OR "rat"[Title/Abstract] OR "mouse"[Title/Abstract] OR "mice"[Title/Abstract] OR "rodent"[Title/Abstract] OR "rodents"[Title/Abstract] OR "rats"[Title/Abstract]) NOT ("humans"[MAJR] OR "humans"[MH] OR "human"[TIAB] OR "humans"[TIAB])) AND ("1900"[Date - Publication] : "2014"[Date - Publication]) #6 Search "english"[Language] AND ("1900"[Date - Publication] : "2014"[Date - 20011726 Publication]) #7 Search #1 AND #2 5208 #8 Search #7 AND #3 1773 #9 Search #8 NOT #4 1650 #10 Search #9 NOT #5 1590 #11 Search #10 AND #6 1483

PsycINFO Search, conducted on 01/20/15

Search Search Terms Items found ID# S1 DE "dementia" OR TI "dementia" OR TI "dementias" OR TI "Alzheimer disease" 71,314 OR TI "Alzheimer's disease" OR TI "cognitive disorder" OR TI "cognitive disorders" OR TI "Cortical dementia" OR TI "Cortical dementias" OR TI "Dementia with Lewy bodies" OR TI "Lewy body dementia" OR TI "frontotemporal dementia" OR TI "frontotemporal dementias" OR TI "Parkinson Dementia" OR TI "Parkinson's Dementia" OR TI "Subcortical dementia" OR TI "Subcortical dementias" OR TI "Vascular dementia" OR TI "Vascular dementias" OR SU "dementia" OR SU "dementias" OR SU "Alzheimer disease" OR SU "Alzheimer's disease" OR SU "cognitive disorder" OR SU "cognitive disorders" OR SU "Cortical dementia" OR SU "Cortical dementias" OR SU "Dementia with Lewy bodies" OR SU "Lewy body dementia" OR SU "frontotemporal dementia" OR SU "frontotemporal dementias" OR SU "Parkinson Dementia" OR SU "Parkinson's Dementia" OR SU "Subcortical dementia" OR SU "Subcortical dementias" OR SU "Vascular dementia" OR SU "Vascular dementias" OR AB "dementia" OR AB "dementias" OR AB "Alzheimer disease" OR AB "Alzheimer's disease" OR AB "cognitive disorder" OR AB "cognitive disorders" OR AB "Cortical dementia" OR AB "Cortical dementias" OR AB "Dementia with Lewy bodies" OR AB "Lewy body dementia" OR AB "frontotemporal dementia" OR AB "frontotemporal dementias" OR AB "Parkinson Dementia" OR AB "Parkinson's Dementia" OR AB "Subcortical dementia" OR AB "Subcortical dementias" OR AB "Vascular dementia" OR AB "Vascular dementias" OR KW "dementia" OR KW "dementias" OR KW "Alzheimer disease" OR KW "Alzheimer's disease" OR KW "cognitive disorder" OR KW "cognitive disorders" OR KW "Cortical dementia" OR KW "Cortical dementias" OR KW "Dementia with Lewy bodies" OR KW "Lewy body dementia" OR KW "frontotemporal dementia" OR KW "frontotemporal dementias" OR KW "Parkinson Dementia" OR KW "Parkinson's Dementia" OR KW "Subcortical dementia" OR KW "Subcortical dementias" OR KW "Vascular dementia" OR KW "Vascular dementias" S2 DE "Neuroleptic Drugs" OR TI "antipsychotic agents" OR TI "antipsychotic" OR TI 38,667 "antipsychotics" OR TI "Chlorpromazine" OR TI "Chlorprothixene" OR TI "Clopixol" OR TI "clozapine" OR TI "clozaril" OR TI "droperidol" OR TI "Fazaclo" OR TI "Fluanxol" OR TI "flupenthixol" OR TI "fluphenazine depot" OR TI "fluphenazine enanthate" OR TI "Fluphenazine" OR TI "Haldol" OR TI "haloperidol decanoate" OR TI "haloperidol" OR TI "Inapsine" OR TI "Largactil" OR TI "Loxapac" OR TI "Loxapine" OR TI "Loxitane" OR TI "Mellaril" OR TI "Mesoridazine" OR TI "Moban" OR TI "Modecate" OR TI "Molindone" OR TI "Navane" OR TI "Orap" OR TI "Perphenazine" OR TI "Pimozide" OR TI "Prolixin" OR TI "Serentil" OR TI "Stelazine" OR TI "Taractan" OR TI "Thioridazine" OR TI "Thiothixene" OR TI "Thorazine" OR TI "Trifluoperazine" OR TI "Trilafon" OR TI "Zeldox" OR TI "zuclopenthixol" OR SU "antipsychotic agents" OR SU "antipsychotic" OR SU "antipsychotics" OR SU "Chlorpromazine" OR SU "Chlorprothixene" OR SU "Clopixol" OR SU "clozapine" OR SU "clozaril" OR SU "droperidol" OR SU "Fazaclo" OR SU "Fluanxol" OR SU "flupenthixol" OR SU "fluphenazine depot" OR SU "fluphenazine enanthate" OR SU "Fluphenazine" OR SU "Haldol" OR SU "haloperidol decanoate" OR SU "haloperidol" OR SU "Inapsine" OR SU "Largactil" OR SU "Loxapac" OR SU "Loxapine" OR SU "Loxitane" OR SU "Mellaril" OR SU "Mesoridazine" OR SU "Moban" OR SU "Modecate" OR SU "Molindone" OR SU "Navane" OR SU "Orap" OR SU "Perphenazine" OR SU "Pimozide" OR SU "Prolixin" OR SU "Serentil" OR SU "Stelazine" OR SU "Taractan" OR SU "Thioridazine" OR SU "Thiothixene" OR SU "Thorazine" OR SU "Trifluoperazine" OR SU "Trilafon" OR SU "Zeldox" OR SU "zuclopenthixol" OR AB "antipsychotic agents" OR AB "antipsychotic" OR AB "antipsychotics" OR AB "Chlorpromazine" OR AB "Chlorprothixene" OR AB "Clopixol" OR AB "clozapine" OR AB "clozaril" OR AB "droperidol" OR AB "Fazaclo" OR AB "Fluanxol" OR AB "flupenthixol" OR AB "fluphenazine depot" OR AB "fluphenazine enanthate" OR AB "Fluphenazine" OR AB "Haldol" OR AB "haloperidol decanoate" OR AB "haloperidol" OR AB "Inapsine" OR AB "Largactil" OR AB "Loxapac" OR AB "Loxapine" OR AB "Loxitane" OR AB "Mellaril" OR AB "Mesoridazine" OR AB "Moban" OR AB "Modecate" OR AB "Molindone" OR AB "Navane" OR AB "Orap" OR AB "Perphenazine" OR AB "Pimozide" OR AB "Prolixin" OR AB "Serentil" OR AB "Stelazine" OR AB "Taractan" OR AB "Thioridazine" OR AB "Thiothixene" OR AB "Thorazine" OR AB "Trifluoperazine" OR AB "Trilafon" OR AB "Zeldox" OR AB "zuclopenthixol" OR KW "antipsychotic agents" OR KW "antipsychotic" OR KW "antipsychotics" OR KW "Chlorpromazine" OR KW "Chlorprothixene" OR KW "Clopixol" OR KW "clozapine" OR KW "clozaril" OR KW "droperidol" OR KW "Fazaclo" OR KW "Fluanxol" OR KW "flupenthixol" OR KW "fluphenazine depot" OR KW "fluphenazine enanthate" OR KW "Fluphenazine" OR KW "Haldol" OR KW "haloperidol decanoate" OR KW "haloperidol" OR KW "Inapsine" OR KW "Largactil" OR KW "Loxapac" OR KW "Loxapine" OR KW "Loxitane" OR KW "Mellaril" OR KW "Mesoridazine" OR KW "Moban" OR KW "Modecate" OR KW "Molindone" OR KW "Navane" OR KW "Orap" OR KW "Perphenazine" OR KW "Pimozide" OR KW "Prolixin" OR KW "Serentil" OR KW "Stelazine" OR KW "Taractan" OR KW "Thioridazine" OR KW "Thiothixene" OR KW "Thorazine" OR KW "Trifluoperazine" OR KW "Trilafon" OR KW "Zeldox" OR KW "zuclopenthixol" OR TI "9-hydroxy-risperidone" OR TI "abilify" OR TI "aripiprazole" OR TI "Asenapine" OR TI "atypical antipsychotic" OR TI "atypical anti-psychotic" OR TI "atypical antipsychotics" OR TI "atypical anti-psychotics" OR TI "Consta" OR TI "Fanapt" OR TI "Geodon" OR TI "Iloperidone" OR TI "Invega" OR TI "Lurasidone" OR TI "olanzapine" OR TI "Paliperidone" OR TI "quetiapine" OR TI "Relprevv" OR TI "Risperdal" OR TI "risperidone" OR TI "Saphris" OR TI "Seroquel" OR TI "Symbyax" OR TI "ziprasidone" OR TI "Zydis" OR TI "Zyprexa" OR SU "9-hydroxy-risperidone" OR SU "abilify" OR SU "aripiprazole" OR SU "Asenapine" OR SU "atypical antipsychotic" OR SU "atypical anti-psychotic" OR SU "atypical antipsychotics" OR SU "atypical anti- psychotics" OR SU "Consta" OR SU "Fanapt" OR SU "Geodon" OR SU "Iloperidone" OR SU "Invega" OR SU "Lurasidone" OR SU "olanzapine" OR SU "Paliperidone" OR SU "quetiapine" OR SU "Relprevv" OR SU "Risperdal" OR SU "risperidone" OR SU "Saphris" OR SU "Seroquel" OR SU "Symbyax" OR SU "ziprasidone" OR SU "Zydis" OR SU "Zyprexa" OR AB "9-hydroxy-risperidone" OR AB "abilify" OR AB "aripiprazole" OR AB "Asenapine" OR AB "atypical antipsychotic" OR AB "atypical anti-psychotic" OR AB "atypical antipsychotics" OR AB "atypical anti-psychotics" OR AB "Consta" OR AB "Fanapt" OR AB "Geodon" OR AB "Iloperidone" OR AB "Invega" OR AB "Lurasidone" OR AB "olanzapine" OR AB "Paliperidone" OR AB "quetiapine" OR AB "Relprevv" OR AB "Risperdal" OR AB "risperidone" OR AB "Saphris" OR AB "Seroquel" OR AB "Symbyax" OR AB "ziprasidone" OR AB "Zydis" OR AB "Zyprexa" OR KW "9- hydroxy-risperidone" OR KW "abilify" OR KW "aripiprazole" OR KW "Asenapine" OR KW "atypical antipsychotic" OR KW "atypical anti-psychotic" OR KW "atypical antipsychotics" OR KW "atypical anti-psychotics" OR KW "Consta" OR KW "Fanapt" OR KW "Geodon" OR KW "Iloperidone" OR KW "Invega" OR KW "Lurasidone" OR KW "olanzapine" OR KW "Paliperidone" OR KW "quetiapine" OR KW "Relprevv" OR KW "Risperdal" OR KW "risperidone" OR KW "Saphris" OR KW "Seroquel" OR KW "Symbyax" OR KW "ziprasidone" OR KW "Zydis" OR KW "Zyprexa" S3 MR "Meta Analysis" OR DE "Meta Analysis" OR TI "metaanalyses" OR TI "meta- 29,999 analyses" OR TI "metaanalysis" OR TI "meta-analysis" OR TI "metaanalytic" OR TI "meta-analytic" OR TI "systematic review" OR TI "systematic reviews" OR SU "metaanalyses" OR SU "meta-analyses" OR SU "metaanalysis" OR SU "meta- analysis" OR SU "metaanalytic" OR SU "meta-analytic" OR SU "systematic review" OR SU "systematic reviews" OR AB "metaanalyses" OR AB "meta- analyses" OR AB "metaanalysis" OR AB "meta-analysis" OR AB "metaanalytic" OR AB "meta-analytic" OR AB "systematic review" OR AB "systematic reviews" OR KW "metaanalyses" OR KW "meta-analyses" OR KW "metaanalysis" OR KW "meta-analysis" OR KW "metaanalytic" OR KW "meta-analytic" OR KW "systematic review" OR KW "systematic reviews" OR DE "Between Groups Design" OR TI "random allocation" OR TI "Random Allocation" OR TI "random assignment" OR TI "randomised assignment" OR TI "randomised controlled" OR TI "randomized assignment" OR TI "randomized controlled" OR TI "randomly allocated" OR TI "randomly assigned" OR TI "multicenter trial" OR TI "multicenter trials" OR TI "placebo control" OR TI "placebo group" OR TI "sham control" OR TI "sham group" OR SU "random allocation" OR SU "Random Allocation" OR SU "random assignment" OR SU "randomised assignment" OR SU "randomised controlled" OR SU "randomized assignment" OR SU "Randomized Controlled Trial" OR SU "randomized controlled" OR SU "randomly allocated" OR SU "randomly assigned" OR SU "multicenter trial" OR SU "multicenter trials" OR SU "placebo control" OR SU "placebo group" OR SU "sham control" OR SU "sham group" OR AB "random allocation" OR AB "Random Allocation" OR AB "random assignment" OR AB "randomised assignment" OR AB "randomised controlled" OR AB "randomized assignment" OR AB "Randomized Controlled Trial" OR AB "randomized controlled" OR AB "randomly allocated" OR AB "randomly assigned" OR AB "multicenter trial" OR AB "multicenter trials" OR AB "placebo control" OR AB "placebo group" OR AB "sham control" OR AB "sham group" OR KW "random allocation" OR KW "Random Allocation" OR KW "random assignment" OR KW "randomised assignment" OR KW "randomised controlled" OR KW "randomized assignment" OR KW "Randomized Controlled Trial" OR KW "randomized controlled" OR KW "randomly allocated" OR KW "randomly assigned" OR KW "multicenter trial" OR KW "multicenter trials" OR KW "placebo control" OR KW "placebo group" OR KW "sham control" OR KW "sham group" OR MR "Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial" OR MR "longitudinal study" OR MR "retrospective study" OR MR "followup study" OR DE "Prospective Studies" OR DE "Followup Studies" OR DE "Retrospective Studies" OR DE "Longitudinal Studies" OR DE "Clinical Trials" OR DE "Cohort Analysis" OR TI "case control" OR TI "case-control" OR TI "clinical trial" OR TI "clinical trials" OR TI "Clinical Trials" OR TI "Cohort Analysis" OR TI "cohort research" OR TI "Cohort Studies" OR TI "cohort study" OR TI "cohort trial" OR TI "comparator group" OR TI "followup research" OR TI "followup study" OR TI "followup trial" OR TI "longitudinal research" OR TI "longitudinal study" OR TI "longitudinal trial" OR TI "naturalistic research" OR TI "naturalistic study" OR TI "naturalistic trial" OR TI "prospective cohort" OR TI "prospective research" OR TI "prospective study" OR TI "prospective trial" OR TI "retrospective cohort" OR TI "retrospective research" OR TI "retrospective study" OR TI "retrospective trial" OR SU "case control" OR SU "case-control" OR SU "clinical trial" OR SU "clinical trials" OR SU "Clinical Trials" OR SU "Cohort Analysis" OR SU "cohort research" OR SU "Cohort Studies+" OR SU "cohort study" OR SU "cohort trial" OR SU "comparator group" OR SU "followup research" OR SU "followup study" OR SU "followup trial" OR SU "longitudinal research" OR SU "longitudinal study" OR SU "longitudinal trial" OR SU "naturalistic research" OR SU "naturalistic study" OR SU "naturalistic trial" OR SU "prospective cohort" OR SU "prospective research" OR SU "prospective study" OR SU "prospective trial" OR SU "retrospective cohort" OR SU "retrospective research" OR SU "retrospective study" OR SU "retrospective trial" OR AB "case control" OR AB "clinical trial" OR AB "clinical trials" OR AB "Clinical Trials" OR AB "Cohort Analysis" OR AB "cohort research" OR AB "Cohort Studies" OR AB "cohort study" OR AB "cohort trial" OR AB "comparator group" OR AB "followup research" OR AB "followup study" OR AB "followup trial" OR AB "longitudinal research" OR AB "longitudinal study" OR AB "longitudinal trial" OR AB "naturalistic research" OR AB "naturalistic study" OR AB "naturalistic trial" OR AB "prospective cohort" OR AB "prospective research" OR AB "prospective study" OR AB "prospective trial" OR AB "retrospective cohort" OR AB "retrospective research" OR AB "retrospective study" OR AB "retrospective trial" OR KW "case control" OR KW "Case-Control Studies+" OR KW "case-control" OR KW "clinical trial" OR KW "clinical trials" OR KW "Clinical Trials" OR KW "Cohort Analysis" OR KW "cohort research" OR KW "Cohort Studies+" OR KW "cohort study" OR KW "cohort trial" OR KW "comparator group" OR KW "followup research" OR KW "followup study" OR KW "followup trial" OR KW "longitudinal research" OR KW "longitudinal study" OR KW "longitudinal trial" OR KW "naturalistic research" OR KW "naturalistic study" OR KW "naturalistic trial" OR KW "prospective cohort" OR KW "prospective research" OR KW "prospective study" OR KW "prospective trial" OR KW "retrospective cohort" OR KW "retrospective research" OR KW "retrospective study" OR KW "retrospective trial" S4 DE "Vertebrates" OR DE "Mammals" OR DE "Animals" OR DE "Rats" OR DE 303,672 "Rodents" OR DE "Mice" OR TI "animals" OR TI "animal" OR TI "mouse" OR TI "mice" OR TI "rodent" OR TI "rodents" OR TI "rat" OR TI "rats" OR SU "animals" OR SU "animal" OR SU "mouse" OR SU "mice" OR SU "rodent" OR SU "rodents" OR SU "rat" OR SU "rats" OR KW "animals" OR KW "animal" OR KW "mouse" OR KW "mice" OR KW "rodent" OR KW "rodents" OR KW "rat" OR KW "rats" OR AB "animals" OR AB "animal" OR AB "mouse" OR AB "mice" OR AB "rodent" OR AB "rodents" OR AB "rat" OR AB "rats" S5 PO "human" OR TI "humans" OR TI "human" OR AB "humans" OR AB "human" 3,189,527 OR SU "humans" OR SU "human" OR KW "humans" OR KW "human" S6 LA "English" Limiters - Publication Year: 1900-2014 3,393,847 S7 S1 AND S6 Limiters - Publication Year: 1900-2014 69,715 S8 S2 AND S6 Limiters - Publication Year: 1900-2014 41,715 S9 S3 AND S6 Limiters - Publication Year: 1900-2014 257,496 S10 S4 AND S6 Limiters - Publication Year: 1900-2014 223,605 S11 S5 AND S6 Limiters - Publication Year: 1900-2014 3,125,831 S12 S7 AND S8 1,646 S13 S9 AND S12 489 S14 S13 NOT S10 488 S15 S14 AND S11 470

Cochrane library, conducted on 01/20/15

#1 risperidone:ti,ab,kw or paliperidone:ti,ab,kw or olanzapine:ti,ab,kw or 8667 clozapine:ti,ab,kw or quetiapine:ti,ab,kw or ziprasidone:ti,ab,kw or aripiprazole:ti,ab,kw or antipsychotic:ti,ab,kw or antipsychotics:ti,ab,kw or asenapine:ti,ab,kw or iloperidone:ti,ab,kw Publication Year from 1900 to 2014 #2 dementia:ti,ab,kw or dementias:ti,ab,kw or "cognitive disorder":ti,ab,kw or 5682 "cognitive disorders":ti,ab,kw Publication Year from 1900 to 2014 #3 #1 and #2 Publication Year from 1900 to 2014 335

Of these 9 were Cochrane reviews, 20 were other reviews and 302 were clinical trials.

Results of literature screening

MEDLINE (PubMed) PsycINFO Cochrane

1,483 articles 470 articles 335 articles

Removal of duplicates

1,719 articles

Included in evidence tables Not included in evidence tables

45 RCTs 4 RCTs not found

52 Observational 13 RCTs on FGAs only Studies

46 post-hoc pooled data or meta-analyses

Additional articles not meeting inclusion criteria:

• 324 on dementia and antipsychotics • 359 on antipsychotics but not dementia • 317 on dementia but not antipsychotics

• 560 on neither dementia nor antipsychotics

Randomized controlled trials Ballard C, Hanney ML, Theodoulou M, Douglas S, McShane R, Kossakowski K, Gill R, Juszczak E, Yu LM, Jacoby R. The dementia antipsychotic withdrawal trial (DART-AD): long-term follow-up of a randomised placebo- controlled trial. Lancet Neurol 8:151-157, 2009.

Ballard C, Lana MM, Theodoulou M, Douglas S, McShane R, Jacoby R, Kossakowski K, Yu LM, Juszczak E. A randomised, blinded, placebo-controlled trial in dementia patients continuing or stopping neuroleptics (the DART-AD trial). PLoS Med 5:e76, 2008.

Ballard C, Margallo-Lana M, Juszczak E, Douglas S, Swann A, Thomas A, O'Brien J, Everratt A, Sadler S, Maddison C, Lee L, Bannister C, Elvish R, Jacoby R. Quetiapine and rivastigmine and cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease: randomised double blind placebo controlled trial. Bmj 330:874, 2005.

Ballard CG, Thomas A, Fossey J, Lee L, Jacoby R, Lana MM, Bannister C, McShane R, Swann A, Juszczak E, O'Brien JT. A 3-month, randomized, placebo-controlled, neuroleptic discontinuation study in 100 people with dementia: the neuropsychiatric inventory median cutoff is a predictor of clinical outcome. J Clin Psychiatry 65:114-119, 2004.

Barak Y, Plopski I, Tadger S, Paleacu D. Escitalopram versus risperidone for the treatment of behavioral and psychotic symptoms associated with Alzheimer's disease: a randomized double-blind pilot study. Int Psychogeriatr 23:1515-1519, 2011.

Breder C, Swanink R, Marcus R, Kostic D, Iwamoto T, Carson W: Dose-Ranging Study of Aripiprazole in Patients With Dementia of Alzheimer's Disease. in Neurobiology of aging2004. pp. 190.

Brodaty H, Ames D, Snowdon J, Woodward M, Kirwan J, Clarnette R, Lee E, Greenspan A. Risperidone for psychosis of Alzheimer's disease and mixed dementia: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 20:1153-1157, 2005.

Brodaty H, Ames D, Snowdon J, Woodward M, Kirwan J, Clarnette R, Lee E, Lyons B, Grossman F. A randomized placebo-controlled trial of risperidone for the treatment of aggression, agitation, and psychosis of dementia. J Clin Psychiatry 64:134-143, 2003.

Chan WC, Lam LC, Choy CN, Leung VP, Li SW, Chiu HF. A double-blind randomised comparison of risperidone and haloperidol in the treatment of behavioural and psychological symptoms in Chinese dementia patients. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 16:1156-1162, 2001.

Culo S, Mulsant BH, Rosen J, Mazumdar S, Blakesley RE, Houck PR, Pollock BG. Treating neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia with lewy bodies: a randomized controlled-trial. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 24:360-364, 2010.

De Deyn P, Jeste DV, Swanink R, Kostic D, Breder C, Carson WH, Iwamoto T. Aripiprazole for the treatment of psychosis in patients with Alzheimer's disease: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. J Clin Psychopharmacol 25:463-467, 2005. De Deyn PP, Carrasco MM, Deberdt W, Jeandel C, Hay DP, Feldman PD, Young CA, Lehman DL, Breier A. Olanzapine versus placebo in the treatment of psychosis with or without associated behavioral disturbances in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 19:115-126, 2004.

De Deyn PP, Eriksson H, Svensson H. Tolerability of extended-release quetiapine fumarate compared with immediate-release quetiapine fumarate in older patients with Alzheimer's disease with symptoms of psychosis and/or agitation: a randomised, double-blind, parallel-group study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 27:296-304, 2012.

De Deyn PP, Rabheru K, Rasmussen A, Bocksberger JP, Dautzenberg PL, Eriksson S, Lawlor BA. A randomized trial of risperidone, placebo, and haloperidol for behavioral symptoms of dementia. Neurology 53:946-955, 1999.

Deberdt WG, Dysken MW, Rappaport SA, Feldman PD, Young CA, Hay DP, Lehman DL, Dossenbach M, Degenhardt EK, Breier A. Comparison of olanzapine and risperidone in the treatment of psychosis and associated behavioral disturbances in patients with dementia. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 13:722-730, 2005.

Devanand DP, Mintzer J, Schultz SK, Andrews HF, Sultzer DL, de la Pena D, Gupta S, Colon S, Schimming C, Pelton GH, Levin B. Relapse risk after discontinuation of risperidone in Alzheimer's disease. N Engl J Med 367:1497- 1507, 2012.

Devanand DP, Pelton GH, Cunqueiro K, Sackeim HA, Marder K. A 6-month, randomized, double-blind, placebo- controlled pilot discontinuation trial following response to haloperidol treatment of psychosis and agitation in Alzheimer's disease. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 26:937-943, 2011.

Fontaine CS, Hynan LS, Koch K, Martin-Cook K, Svetlik D, Weiner MF. A double-blind comparison of olanzapine versus risperidone in the acute treatment of dementia-related behavioral disturbances in extended care facilities. J Clin Psychiatry 64:726-730, 2003.

Freund-Levi Y, Bloniecki V, Auestad B, Tysen Backstrom AC, Larksater M, Aarsland D. Galantamine versus risperidone for agitation in people with dementia: a randomized, twelve-week, single-center study. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 38:234-244, 2014.

Freund-Levi Y, Jedenius E, Tysen-Backstrom AC, Larksater M, Wahlund LO, Eriksdotter M. Galantamine versus risperidone treatment of neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with probable dementia: an open randomized trial. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 22:341-348, 2014.

Holmes C, Wilkinson D, Dean C, Clare C, El-Okl M, Hensford C, Moghul S. Risperidone and rivastigmine and agitated behaviour in severe Alzheimer's disease: a randomised double blind placebo controlled study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 22:380-381, 2007.

Katz IR, Jeste DV, Mintzer JE, Clyde C, Napolitano J, Brecher M. Comparison of risperidone and placebo for psychosis and behavioral disturbances associated with dementia: a randomized, double-blind trial. Risperidone Study Group. J Clin Psychiatry 60:107-115, 1999.

Lipkovich I, Ahl J, Nichols R, Hardy T, Poole Hoffmann V. Weight changes during treatment with olanzapine in older adult patients with dementia and behavioral disturbances. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 20:107-114, 2007. Micca JL, Hoffmann VP, Lipkovich I, Ahl J, Baker RW, Hardy TA. Retrospective analysis of diabetes risk in elderly patients with dementia in olanzapine clinical trials. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 14:62-70, 2006.

Mintzer J, Greenspan A, Caers I, Van Hove I, Kushner S, Weiner M, Gharabawi G, Schneider LS. Risperidone in the treatment of psychosis of Alzheimer disease: results from a prospective clinical trial. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 14:280-291, 2006.

Mintzer JE, Tune LE, Breder CD, Swanink R, Marcus RN, McQuade RD, Forbes A. Aripiprazole for the treatment of psychoses in institutionalized patients with Alzheimer dementia: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled assessment of three fixed doses. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 15:918-931, 2007.

Mowla A, Pani A. Comparison of topiramate and risperidone for the treatment of behavioral disturbances of patients with Alzheimer disease: a double-blind, randomized clinical trial. J Clin Psychopharmacol 30:40-43, 2010.

Paleacu D, Barak Y, Mirecky I, Mazeh D. Quetiapine treatment for behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia in Alzheimer's disease patients: a 6-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 23:393-400, 2008.

Pollock BG, Mulsant BH, Rosen J, Mazumdar S, Blakesley RE, Houck PR, Huber KA. A double-blind comparison of citalopram and risperidone for the treatment of behavioral and psychotic symptoms associated with dementia. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 15:942-952, 2007.

Rainer M, Haushofer M, Pfolz H, Struhal C, Wick W. Quetiapine versus risperidone in elderly patients with behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia: efficacy, safety and cognitive function. Eur Psychiatry 22:395-403, 2007.

Ruths S, Straand J, Nygaard HA, Aarsland D. Stopping antipsychotic drug therapy in demented nursing home patients: a randomized, placebo-controlled study--the Bergen District Nursing Home Study (BEDNURS). Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 23:889-895, 2008.

Ruths S, Straand J, Nygaard HA, Bjorvatn B, Pallesen S. Effect of antipsychotic withdrawal on behavior and sleep/wake activity in nursing home residents with dementia: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded study. The Bergen District Nursing Home Study. J Am Geriatr Soc 52:1737-1743, 2004.

Schneider LS, Tariot PN, Dagerman KS, Davis SM, Hsiao JK, Ismail MS, Lebowitz BD, Lyketsos CG, Ryan JM, Stroup TS, Sultzer DL, Weintraub D, Lieberman JA. Effectiveness of atypical antipsychotic drugs in patients with Alzheimer's disease. N Engl J Med 355:1525-1538, 2006.

Street JS, Clark WS, Gannon KS, Cummings JL, Bymaster FP, Tamura RN, Mitan SJ, Kadam DL, Sanger TM, Feldman PD, Tollefson GD, Breier A. Olanzapine treatment of psychotic and behavioral symptoms in patients with Alzheimer disease in nursing care facilities: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. The HGEU Study Group. Arch Gen Psychiatry 57:968-976, 2000. Streim JE, Porsteinsson AP, Breder CD, Swanink R, Marcus R, McQuade R, Carson WH. A randomized, double- blind, placebo-controlled study of aripiprazole for the treatment of psychosis in nursing home patients with Alzheimer disease. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 16:537-550, 2008.

Suh GH, Greenspan AJ, Choi SK. Comparative efficacy of risperidone versus haloperidol on behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 21:654-660, 2006.

Suh GH, Son HG, Ju YS, Jcho KH, Yeon BK, Shin YM, Kee BS, Choi SK. A randomized, double-blind, crossover comparison of risperidone and haloperidol in Korean dementia patients with behavioral disturbances. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 12:509-516, 2004.

Sultzer DL, Davis SM, Tariot PN, Dagerman KS, Lebowitz BD, Lyketsos CG, Rosenheck RA, Hsiao JK, Lieberman JA, Schneider LS. Clinical symptom responses to atypical antipsychotic medications in Alzheimer's disease: phase 1 outcomes from the CATIE-AD effectiveness trial. Am J Psychiatry 165:844-854, 2008.

Tariot PN, Schneider L, Katz IR, Mintzer JE, Street J, Copenhaver M, Williams-Hughes C. Quetiapine treatment of psychosis associated with dementia: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 14:767-776, 2006.

Teranishi M, Kurita M, Nishino S, Takeyoshi K, Numata Y, Sato T, Tateno A, Okubo Y. Efficacy and tolerability of risperidone, yokukansan, and fluvoxamine for the treatment of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia: a blinded, randomized trial. J Clin Psychopharmacol 33:600-607, 2013. van Reekum R, Clarke D, Conn D, Herrmann N, Eryavec G, Cohen T, Ostrander L. A randomized, placebo- controlled trial of the discontinuation of long-term antipsychotics in dementia. Int Psychogeriatr 14:197-210, 2002.

Verhey FR, Verkaaik M, Lousberg R. Olanzapine versus haloperidol in the treatment of agitation in elderly patients with dementia: results of a randomized controlled double-blind trial. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 21:1- 8, 2006.

Vigen CL, Mack WJ, Keefe RS, Sano M, Sultzer DL, Stroup TS, Dagerman KS, Hsiao JK, Lebowitz BD, Lyketsos CG, Tariot PN, Zheng L, Schneider LS. Cognitive effects of atypical antipsychotic medications in patients with Alzheimer's disease: outcomes from CATIE-AD. Am J Psychiatry 168:831-839, 2011.

Zheng L, Mack WJ, Dagerman KS, Hsiao JK, Lebowitz BD, Lyketsos CG, Stroup TS, Sultzer DL, Tariot PN, Vigen C, Schneider LS. Metabolic changes associated with second-generation antipsychotic use in Alzheimer's disease patients: the CATIE-AD study. Am J Psychiatry 166:583-590, 2009.

Zhong KX, Tariot PN, Mintzer J, Minkwitz MC, Devine NA. Quetiapine to treat agitation in dementia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Curr Alzheimer Res 4:81-93, 2007. Randomized controlled trials that could not be located Katz I, Schneider L, Kosma CM, Rupnow MFT: Risk of falls in patients with dementia: analysis of a randomized, placebo-controlled risperidone trial. International Psychogeriatrics, 2003.

Mintzer J, Ko G: Risperidone in the treatment of nonaggressive agitated symptoms related to dementia: analysis of 617 patients in a randomized, double-blind controlled trial. International Psychogeriatrics, 2003.

Sheng J, Gao Z, Chen M, Zhang M, Liu J: Risperidone vs haloperidol in treatment of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia : a randomized, double-blind trial. Chin J New Drugs Clin Rem, 2004.

Sun X, Gao Z, Feng F: A randomized double-blind trial of haloperidol and risperidone for behavioral and spychological symptoms of dementia. Chinese Journal of Psychiatry, 2004.

Randomized controlled trials that relate only to first generation antipsychotic agents Allain H, Dautzenberg PH, Maurer K, Schuck S, Bonhomme D, Gerard D. Double blind study of tiapride versus haloperidol and placebo in agitation and aggressiveness in elderly patients with cognitive impairment. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 148:361-366, 2000.

Bridges-Parlet S, Knopman D, Steffes S. Withdrawal of neuroleptic medications from institutionalized dementia patients: results of a double-blind, baseline-treatment-controlled pilot study. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 10:119- 126, 1997.

Carlyle W, Ancill RJ, Sheldon L. Aggression in the demented patient: a double-blind study of loxapine versus haloperidol. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 8:103-108, 1993.

Christensen DB, Benfield WR. Alprazolam as an alternative to low-dose haloperidol in older, cognitively impaired nursing facility patients. J Am Geriatr Soc 46:620-625, 1998.

Coccaro EF, Kramer E, Zemishlany Z, Thorne A, Rice CM, 3rd, Giordani B, Duvvi K, Patel BM, Torres J, Nora R, et al. Pharmacologic treatment of noncognitive behavioral disturbances in elderly demented patients. Am J Psychiatry 147:1640-1645, 1990.

Cowley LM, Glen RS. Double-blind study of thioridazine and haloperidol in geriatric patients with a psychosis associated with organic brain syndrome. J Clin Psychiatry 40:411-419, 1979.

Devanand DP, Marder K, Michaels KS, Sackeim HA, Bell K, Sullivan MA, Cooper TB, Pelton GH, Mayeux R. A randomized, placebo-controlled dose-comparison trial of haloperidol for psychosis and disruptive behaviors in Alzheimer's disease. Am J Psychiatry 155:1512-1520, 1998.

Finkel SI, Lyons JS, Anderson RL, Sherrell K, Davis J, Cohen-Mansfield J, Schwartz A, Gandy J, Schneider L. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of thiothixene in agitated, demented nursing home patients. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 10:129-136, 1995. Gotestam KG, Ljunghall S, Olsson B. A double-blind comparison of the effects of haloperidol and cis(Z)- clopenthixol in senile dementia. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl 294:46-53, 1981.

Pollock BG, Mulsant BH, Rosen J, Sweet RA, Mazumdar S, Bharucha A, Marin R, Jacob NJ, Huber KA, Kastango KB, Chew ML. Comparison of citalopram, perphenazine, and placebo for the acute treatment of psychosis and behavioral disturbances in hospitalized, demented patients. Am J Psychiatry 159:460-465, 2002.

Sultzer DL, Gray KF, Gunay I, Berisford MA, Mahler ME. A double-blind comparison of trazodone and haloperidol for treatment of agitation in patients with dementia. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 5:60-69, 1997.

Sultzer DL, Gray KF, Gunay I, Wheatley MV, Mahler ME. Does behavioral improvement with haloperidol or trazodone treatment depend on psychosis or mood symptoms in patients with dementia? J Am Geriatr Soc 49:1294-1300, 2001.

Teri L, Logsdon RG, Peskind E, Raskind M, Weiner MF, Tractenberg RE, Foster NL, Schneider LS, Sano M, Whitehouse P, Tariot P, Mellow AM, Auchus AP, Grundman M, Thomas RG, Schafer K, Thal LJ. Treatment of agitation in AD: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Neurology 55:1271-1278, 2000.

Observational studies that met inclusion criteria Barnett MJ, Wehring H, Perry PJ. Comparison of risk of cerebrovascular events in an elderly VA population with dementia between antipsychotic and nonantipsychotic users. J Clin Psychopharmacol 27:595-601, 2007.

Chan MC, Chong CS, Wu AY, Wong KC, Dunn EL, Tang OW, Chan WF. Antipsychotics and risk of cerebrovascular events in treatment of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia in Hong Kong: a hospital-based, retrospective, cohort study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 25:362-370, 2010.

Chan TC, Luk JK, Shea YF, Lau KH, Chan FH, Yu GK, Chu LW. Continuous use of antipsychotics and its association with mortality and hospitalization in institutionalized Chinese older adults: an 18-month prospective cohort study. Int Psychogeriatr 23:1640-1648, 2011.

Chatterjee S, Chen H, Johnson ML, Aparasu RR. Comparative risk of cerebrovascular adverse events in community-dwelling older adults using risperidone, olanzapine and quetiapine: a multiple propensity score- adjusted retrospective cohort study. Drugs Aging 29:807-817, 2012.

Dutcher SK, Rattinger GB, Langenberg P, Chhabra PT, Liu X, Rosenberg PB, Leoutsakos JM, Simoni-Wastila L, Walker LD, Franey CS, Zuckerman IH. Effect of medications on physical function and cognition in nursing home residents with dementia. J Am Geriatr Soc 62:1046-1055, 2014.

Finkel S, Kozma C, Long S, Greenspan A, Mahmoud R, Baser O, Engelhart L. Risperidone treatment in elderly patients with dementia: Relative risk of cerebrovascular events versus other antipsychotics. International Psychogeriatrics 17:617-629, 2005. Gardette V, Lapeyre-Mestre M, Coley N, Cantet C, Montastruc JL, Vellas B, Andrieu S. Antipsychotic use and mortality risk in community-dwelling Alzheimer's disease patients: evidence for a role of dementia severity. Curr Alzheimer Res 9:1106-1116, 2012.

Gerhard T, Huybrechts K, Olfson M, Schneeweiss S, Bobo WV, Doraiswamy PM, Devanand DP, Lucas JA, Huang C, Malka ES, Levin R, Crystal S. Comparative mortality risks of antipsychotic medications in community-dwelling older adults. The British Journal of Psychiatry 205:44-51, 2014.

Gill SS, Bronskill SE, Normand SL, Anderson GM, Sykora K, Lam K, Bell CM, Lee PE, Fischer HD, Herrmann N, Gurwitz JH, Rochon PA. Antipsychotic drug use and mortality in older adults with dementia. Ann Intern Med 146:775-786, 2007.

Gill SS, Rochon PA, Herrmann N, Lee PE, Sykora K, Gunraj N, Normand SL, Gurwitz JH, Marras C, Wodchis WP, Mamdani M. Atypical antipsychotic drugs and risk of ischaemic stroke: population based retrospective cohort study. Bmj 330:445, 2005.

Gisev N, Hartikainen S, Chen TF, Korhonen M, Bell JS. Effect of comorbidity on the risk of death associated with antipsychotic use among community-dwelling older adults. Int Psychogeriatr 24:1058-1064, 2012.

Herrmann N, Mamdani M, Lanctot KL. Atypical antipsychotics and risk of cerebrovascular accidents. Am J Psychiatry 161:1113-1115, 2004.

Hollis J, Grayson D, Forrester L, Brodaty H, Touyz S, Cumming R. Antipsychotic medication dispensing and risk of death in veterans and war widows 65 years and older. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 15:932-941, 2007.

Huybrechts KF, Gerhard T, Crystal S, Olfson M, Avorn J, Levin R, Lucas JA, Schneeweiss S. Differential risk of death in older residents in nursing homes prescribed specific antipsychotic drugs: population based cohort study. Bmj 344:e977, 2012.

Huybrechts KF, Rothman KJ, Silliman RA, Brookhart MA, Schneeweiss S. Risk of death and hospital admission for major medical events after initiation of psychotropic medications in older adults admitted to nursing homes. Canadian Medical Association Journal 183:E411-E419, 2011.

Imfeld P, Bodmer M, Schuerch M, Jick SS, Meier CR. Risk of incident stroke in patients with Alzheimer disease or vascular dementia. Neurology 81:910-919, 2013.

Jalbert JJ, Daiello LA, Eaton CB, Miller SC, Lapane KL. Antipsychotic use and the risk of diabetes in nursing home residents with dementia. Am J Geriatr Pharmacother 9:153-163, 2011.

Jalbert JJ, Eaton CB, Miller SC, Lapane KL. Antipsychotic use and the risk of hip fracture among older adults afflicted with dementia. J Am Med Dir Assoc 11:120-127, 2010.

Kales HC, Kim HM, Zivin K, Valenstein M, Seyfried LS, Chiang C, Cunningham F, Schneider LS, Blow FC. Risk of mortality among individual antipsychotics in patients with dementia. Am J Psychiatry 169:71-79, 2012. Kales HC, Valenstein M, Kim HM, McCarthy JF, Ganoczy D, Cunningham F, Blow FC. Mortality risk in patients with dementia treated with antipsychotics versus other psychiatric medications. Am J Psychiatry 164:1568-1576; quiz 1623, 2007.

Kleijer BC, van Marum RJ, Egberts AC, Jansen PA, Knol W, Heerdink ER. Risk of cerebrovascular events in elderly users of antipsychotics. J Psychopharmacol 23:909-914, 2009.

Knol W, van Marum RJ, Jansen PA, Souverein PC, Schobben AF, Egberts AC. Antipsychotic drug use and risk of pneumonia in elderly people. J Am Geriatr Soc 56:661-666, 2008.

Langballe EM, Engdahl B, Nordeng H, Ballard C, Aarsland D, Selbæk G. Short- and long-term mortality risk associated with the use of antipsychotics among 26,940 dementia outpatients: A population-based study. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 22:321-331, 2014.

Laredo L, Vargas E, Blasco AJ, Aguilar MD, Moreno A, Portoles A. Risk of cerebrovascular accident associated with use of antipsychotics: population-based case-control study. J Am Geriatr Soc 59:1182-1187, 2011.

Lee PE, Sykora K, Gill SS, Mamdani M, Marras C, Anderson G, Shulman KI, Stukel T, Normand SL, Rochon PA. Antipsychotic medications and drug-induced movement disorders other than parkinsonism: a population-based cohort study in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 53:1374-1379, 2005.

Liperoti R, Gambassi G, Lapane KL, Chiang C, Pedone C, Mor V, Bernabei R. Cerebrovascular events among elderly nursing home patients treated with conventional or atypical antipsychotics. J Clin Psychiatry 66:1090- 1096, 2005.

Liperoti R, Onder G, Landi F, Lapane KL, Mor V, Bernabei R, Gambassi G. All-cause mortality associated with atypical and conventional antipsychotics among nursing home residents with dementia: a retrospective cohort study. J Clin Psychiatry 70:1340-1347, 2009.

Liu ME, Tsai SJ, Chang WC, Hsu CH, Lu T, Hung KS, Chiu WT, Chang WP. Population-based 5-year follow-up study in Taiwan of dementia and risk of stroke. PLoS One 8:e61771, 2013.

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