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Pluralismo Legal, Reforma Hídrica Y Políticas De Reconocimiento Pluralismo Legal, Reforma Hídrica y Políticas de Reconocimiento WALIR Studies Volume 13 Research, Training and Seminar Results of the Program: Water Law and Indigenous Rights – WALIR Compilado por: Rutgerd Boelens Armando Guevara Gil Jan Hendriks Jaime Hoogesteger WUR-IWE and United Nations-CEPAL/ WALIR, Concertación, IPROGA, CBC Memorias del Congreso Internacional WALIR “Pluralismo Legal, Reforma Hídrica y Políticas de Reconocimiento” 28, 29 y 30 de Noviembre 2006 Cusco, Perú Research, Training and Seminar Results of the Program: WATER LAW AND INDIGENOUS RIGHTS – WALIR Towards recognition of indigenous and customary water rights and management rules in national legislation http://www.eclac.cl/drni/proyectos/walir/whatis.asp http://www.iwe.wur.nl http://www.concertacion.info ISBN: 978-90-8585-155-4 WALIR Studies Volume 13 Wageningen University / IWE and United Nations / CEPAL Compiladores Rutgerd Boelens, Armando Guevara Gil, Jan Hendriks y Jaime Hoogesteger Wageningen/Cusco Junio 2007 Congreso Internacional WALIR “Pluralismo Legal, Reforma Hídrica y Políticas de Reconocimiento” 28-30 de Noviembre 2006, Cusco, Perú WALIR – Water Law and Indigenous Rights The Water Law and Indigenous Rights (WALIR) program is an inter-institutional think-tank and international research alliance that critically informs the debates on peasant, indigenous and customary rights to facilitate action of local, national and international platforms. As a comparative research and action program, WALIR sets out to understand local water rights and water management forms, and shed light on how they are legally and materially discriminated against and undermined. Thereby, it aims to deepen the debates on the politics of water rights recognition, and make a concrete contribution to better legislation and water management policies. Of major concern are equitable rights distribution and democratic decision-making, as well as support for the empowerment of marginalized water use sectors. The strategy of WALIR builds upon research and action, together with local, regional and international networks – both indigenous and non-indigenous. While research also concentrates on the (comparative) cases of Mexico and the United States, its main focus of action is in the Andean countries: Peru, Bolivia, Chile and Ecuador. The alliance joins committed, inter-disciplinary researchers, platforms and counterpart organizations. WALIR is coordinated by Wageningen University (WUR/IWE) and the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (UN/ECLAC) and is implemented in cooperation with counterpart organizations in Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador, Peru, Mexico, France, The Netherlands and the USA. The counterparts, with whom they work together, form a much broader group of participants: institutions at international, national and local level. The Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs funds the program. WALIR – Legislación de Recursos Hídricos y Derechos Locales e Indígenas El programa WALIR es un “banco de ideas” interinstitucional y una alianza internacional de investigación que aporta críticamente a los debates sobre los derechos indígenas, campesinos y consuetudinarios de aguas para sustentar las acciones de defensa, afirmación y reivindicación de esos derechos que realizan las plataformas locales, nacionales e internacionales. WALIR emprende el reto de comprender la dinámica de los derechos locales y de las formas autonómicas de gestión del agua para mostrar cómo son legal y materialmente socavados y discriminados por la imposición de modelos de gestión que pretenden erradicarlos. Por ello, tiene el objetivo de profundizar los debates sobre las políticas de reconocimiento de los derechos de agua y de contribuir a mejorar la legislación y las políticas públicas hídricas. Sus preocupaciones centrales son la distribución equitativa del agua, los procesos democráticos de toma de decisiones y el empoderamiento de los sectores marginados del uso del agua. La estrategia de WALIR se basa en la investigación y acción conjunta con las redes locales, regionales e internacionales, indígenas y no-indígenas, dedicadas al estudio y defensa de los derechos indígenas, campesinos y consuetudinarios. Mientras la investigación también se concentra en los casos de México y los Estados Unidos, el foco principal de acción son los países andinos: Perú, Bolivia, Chile y Ecuador. La alianza internacional reúne a investigadores interdisciplinarios de primer nivel, plataformas e instituciones contrapartes en cada uno de los países mencionados. WALIR es coordinado por la Universidad de Wageningen (WUR/IWE) y la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL/ONU) y se desarrolla en cooperación con instituciones en Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador, Perú, México, Francia, los Países Bajos y los Estados Unidos. A su vez, las contrapartes con las que éstas trabajan forman un grupo mucho más amplio de participantes internacionales, nacionales y locales, lo que garantiza la repercusión de las investigaciones y acciones realizadas. El programa WALIR es financiado por el Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores de los Países Bajos. 1 Congreso Internacional WALIR “Pluralismo Legal, Reforma Hídrica y Políticas de Reconocimiento” 28-30 de Noviembre 2006, Cusco, Perú 2 Congreso Internacional WALIR “Pluralismo Legal, Reforma Hídrica y Políticas de Reconocimiento” 28-30 de Noviembre 2006, Cusco, Perú Tabla de Contenidos CAPÍTULO 1 INTRODUCCIÓN CONGRESO INTERNACIONAL WALIR 7 CONGRESO INTERNACIONAL WALIR “PLURALISMO LEGAL, REFORMA HÍDRICA Y POLÍTICAS DE RECONOCIMIENTO” RUTGERD BOELENS, ARMANDO GUEVARA GIL, JAN HENDRIKS Y JAIME HOOGESTEGER 9 CAPÍTULO 2 EXPOSICIONES PLENARIAS 15 CAPÍTULO 2.1 PLURALISMO LEGAL Y REFORMAS HÍDRICAS: ¿DISCIPLINA Y UNIFORMIZACIÓN DE LOS ÓRDENES LEGALES DESOBEDIENTES? RUTGERD BOELENS 17 CAPÍTULO 2.2 “POLÍTICAS HÍDRICAS, DERECHOS CONSUETUDINARIOS E IDENTIDADES LOCALES” ARMANDO GUEVARA GIL, RUTGERD BOELENS Y DAVID GETCHES 27 CAPÍTULO 2.3 RECURSOS HÍDRICOS, PLURALIDAD NORMATIVA Y PROCESO LEGISLATIVO EN EL PERÚ LAUREANO DEL CASTILLO PINTO 37 CAPÍTULO 2.4 RECURSOS HÍDRICOS, PLURALIDAD NORMATIVA Y DERECHOS DE AGUA INDÍGENAS EN LOS ESTADOS UNIDOS DAVID GETCHES 49 CAPÍTULO 2.5 PROBLEMAS Y ÉXITOS DE LA GESTIÓN SEMI-AUTÓNOMA EN LOS SISTEMAS DE RIEGO EN LA COSTA NORTE DEL PERÚ JEROEN VOS 53 CAPÍTULO 2.6 PLURALISMO LEGAL Y EQUIDAD DE GÉNERO EN LA GESTIÓN DEL RIEGO: A PROPÓSITO DEL LIBRO ‘LIQUID RELATIONS’ CARRIE FURMAN 61 CAPÍTULO 2.7 AGUA, IMPERIO Y COMUNIDAD JAN DOUWE VAN DER PLOEG 67 CAPÍTULO 2.8 POLÍTICAS HÍDRICAS Y DESAFÍOS INSTITUCIONALES EN LOS PAISES ANDINOS JAN HENDRIKS 73 CAPÍTULO 3 ARTICULACIÓN Y TENSIÓN ENTRE LA LEGISLACIÓN NACIONAL Y LA GESTIÓN LOCAL DEL AGUA 83 CAPÍTULO 3.1 INTRODUCCIÓN CONCEPTUAL “ARTICULACIÓN Y TENSIÓN ENTRE LA LEGISLACIÓN NACIONAL Y LA GESTIÓN LOCAL DEL AGUA” 85 CAPÍTULO 3.2 DERECHOS DE AGUA, REGULACIÓN E INVERSIÓN EN EL MARCO DE LA LEY DE RIEGO, BOLIVIA RENÉ ORELLANA 91 3 Congreso Internacional WALIR “Pluralismo Legal, Reforma Hídrica y Políticas de Reconocimiento” 28-30 de Noviembre 2006, Cusco, Perú CAPÍTULO 3.3 VISIÓN GENERAL DE LOS RECURSOS HÍDRICOS EN EL ECUADOR Y CARACTERIZACIÓN DE LOS CONFLICTOS ENTRE LA LEGISLACIÓN NACIONAL Y LA GESTIÓN LOCAL DEL AGUA JUAN FERNANDO RECALDE 99 CAPÍTULO 4 REFOMAS HÍDRICAS, PROPUESTAS NEO-LIBERALES Y DERECHOS COLECTIVOS 117 CAPÍTULO 4.1 INTRODUCCIÓN CONCEPTUAL:”REFORMAS HÍDRICAS, PROPUESTAS NEOLIBERALES Y DERECHOS COLECTIVOS” 119 CAPÍTULO 4.2 HACIA EL FORTALECIMIENTO DE LAS FORMAS PÚBLICAS NO ESTATALES DE GESTIÓN DEL AGUA POTABLE EN AMÉRICA LATINA BORIS MARAÑÓN PIMENTEL 124 CAPÍTULO 4.3 COMUNIDAD TERRITORIAL INDÍGENA, GESTIÓN DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS Y DERECHOS COLECTIVOS MILKA CASTRO LUCIC 142 CAPÍTULO 4.4 DERECHOS DE AGUA, POBREZA Y MANEJO AMBIENTAL EN CHILE: RECURSOS HÍDRICOS, MINERÍA Y PUEBLOS INDÍGENAS EN EL NORTE GRANDE JESSICA BUDDS 156 CAPÍTULO 4.5 LAS REFORMAS AL CÓDIGO DE AGUAS EN CHILE: ¿MÁS DE LO MISMO O CAMBIO DE PARADIGMA EN LAS POLÍTICAS HÍDRICAS? INGO GENTES 174 CAPÍTULO 5 GESTIÓN INTEGRADA DEL AGUA, PRINCIPIOS DE JUSTICIA SOCIAL Y AUTONOMÍA LOCAL 199 CAPÍTULO 5.1 INTRODUCCIÓN CONCEPTUAL: "GESTIÓN INTEGRADA DEL AGUA, PRINCIPIOS DE JUSTICIA SOCIAL Y AUTONOMÍA LOCAL" 201 CAPÍTULO 5.2 “...Y SE LLEVARON NUESTRAS AGUAS...” SEGURIDAD HÍDRICA Y DERECHOS DE AGUA EN EL CONTEXTO DE LA CUENCA COLCA-MAJES-SIGUAS JUANA VERA DELGADO 205 CAPÍTULO 5.3 LA GESTIÓN INTEGRADA DEL AGUA Y LOS CONFLICTOS EN LAS CUENCAS ANDINAS CARLOS PEREYRA 221 CAPÍTULO 6…GESTIÓN HÍDRICA, IDENTIDADES CULTURALES Y POLÍTICAS DE RECONOCIMIENTO 231 CAPÍTULO 6.1 INTRODUCCIÓN CONCEPTUAL: "GESTIÓN HÍDRICA, IDENTIDADES CULTURALES Y POLÍTICAS DE RECONOCIMIENTO" 233 CAPÍTULO 6.2 ECUADOR: DE LA “EXPOSICIÓN DE LA PLURALIDAD” A LA REALIDAD DE LA EXCLUSIÓN PAULINA PALACIOS 237 4 Congreso Internacional WALIR “Pluralismo Legal, Reforma Hídrica y Políticas de Reconocimiento” 28-30 de Noviembre 2006, Cusco, Perú CAPÍTULO 6.3 EXCLUSIÓN, IDENTIDAD Y EL ACCESO AL AGUA. AMÉRICA RODRIGUEZ Y DULCE MARÍA QUINTERO 245 CAPÍTULO 6.4 LA CONCERTACIÓN PARA LA GOBERNABILIDAD DEL AGUA EN LA REGIÓN APURÍMAC MARCO SOTOMAYOR Y ANDRÉS ESTRADA 265 CAPÍTULO 6.5 AGUA, MÚSICA Y RITUALES EN EL VALLE DEL PAMPAMARCA (AYACUCHO) MANUEL ARCE SOTELO 275 Tabla de Anexos Anexo 1 Resumen del Congreso WALIR en Inglés Anexo 2 Programa detallado del Congreso WALIR Anexo 3 Libros WALIR presentados Anexo 4 Lista de Asistentes al Congreso WALIR Anexo 5 Índice de las presentaciones incluidas en el CD adjunto 5 Congreso Internacional WALIR “Pluralismo Legal, Reforma Hídrica y Políticas de Reconocimiento”
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