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Agricultural and Marine Sciences, 10(1):33-40 (2005) ©2005 Sultan Qaboos University Identification, Geographical Distribution and Hosts of Subterranean Termites in the United Arab Emirates Arid Ecosystem W. Kaakeh Department of Arid Land Agriculture, College of Food Systems, P. O. Box 17555, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates وﻟﯿﺪ ﻛﻌﻚ اﻟﺨﻼﺻﺔ: ﺗﻢ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺳﺘﺔ أﻧﻮاع ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻤﻞ اﻷﺑﯿﺾ (اﻷرﺿﺔ) ﺗﺎﺑﻌﺔ إﻟﻰ ﺧﻤﺴﺔ أﺟﻨﺎس وﺛﻼث ﻓﺼﺎﺋﻞ (ھﻮدوjرﻣﯿﺘﯿﺪي Hodotermitidae، راﻳﻨﻮﺗﺮﻣﯿﺘﯿﺪي Rhinotermi،Rhinotermitidaetidae، وﺗﺮﻣﯿﺘﯿﺪي T(Termitidaeermitidae) ﻓﻲ اﻹﻣﺎرات اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة. وأﻧﻮاع اﻷرﺿﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺴﺠﯿﻠﮭﺎ ھﻲ اﻷرﺿﺔ اﻟﺤﺎﺻﺪة أو اﻷرﺿﺔ اﻟﻼﺷﻮﻛﯿﺔ Anacanthotermes ochraceusochraceus (Burmeister(Burmeister) و Anacanthotermes ubachi (Navas(Navas)، وأرﺿﺔ اﻟﺮﻣﻞ اﻟﺜﻐﺮﻳﺔ Psammotermes hypostomahypostoma (Desneux)، واﻷرﺿﺔ اﻟﺸﻤﻌﯿﺔ اﻟﺼﻐﯿﺮة MicrocerotermesMicrocerotermes diversusdiversus Silvestri))، واﻷرﺿﺔ اﻟﻨﺠﺪﻳﺔ اﻟﺪﻗﯿﻘﺔ Microtermes najdensis (Harris) ، واﻷرﺿﺔ Heterotermes aethiopicus (Sjostedt)، وﺑﺎﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎء اﻟﻨﻮع H. aethiopicus، ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺴﺠﯿﻞ اﻷﻧﻮاع اﻟﺨﻤﺴﺔ اﻷﺧﺮى ﻟﻠﻤﺮة اﻷوﻟﻰ ﻓﻲ اﻹﻣﺎرات اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة. وﺗﻌﯿﺶ ﻛﻞ اﻷﻧﻮاع ﺗﺤﺖ اﻷرض وﺗﺼﻞ إﻟﻰ ﻣﺼﺎدر اﻟﻐﺬاء اﻟﺨﺸﺒﯿﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل أﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻷﻧﻔﺎق اﻟﻄﯿﻨﯿﺔ. وﻗﺪ وﺟﺪت اﻷرﺿﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ واﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻤﯿﺰ ﺑﺎﺧﺘﻼف ﻇﺮوﻓﮭﺎ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺧﯿﺔ وﻏﻄﺎءھﺎ اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﻲ وﻧﻮع ﺗﺮﺑﺘﮭﺎ. وﺗﻔﻀﻞ اﻷرﺿﺔ اﻟﺘﻐﺬﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻮاﺋﻞ اﻟﺤﯿﺔ أو اﻟﻤﯿﺘﺔ أو اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻔﻨﺔ، ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻮاد ﻏﯿﺮ اﻟﺴﯿﻠﯿﻠﻮزﻳﺔ. وﻣﻦ أﻛﺜﺮ أﻧﻮاع اﻷرﺿﺔ ًﺗﻮزﻳﻌﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻹﻣﺎرات اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة ھﻲ A. ochraceusochraceus وﺗﺘﺒﻌﮭﺎ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ P.P. hypostomahypostoma وdiversusوM. diversus. وﻗﺪ اﺧﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ اﻷﻧﻮاع اﻟﺴﺘﺔ ﺿﻤﻦ ﻛﻞ إﻣﺎرة، وﻟﻜﻦ وﺟﺪت ﻛﻞ اﻷﻧﻮاع ﻓﻲ أﻛﺒﺮ إﻣﺎرﺗﯿﻦ وھﻤﺎ أﺑﻮﻇﺒﻲ ودﺑﻲ. ABSTRACT: Six termite species, belonging to five genera and three families (Hodotermitidae, Rhinotermitidae and Termitidae) were identified in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Termite species recorded were the harvester termites Anacanthotermes ochraceus (Burmeister) and Anacanthotermes ubachi (Navas), the sand termite Psammotermes hypostoma (Desneux) and the small waxy termites Microcerotermes diversus (Silvestri), Heterotermes aethiopicus (Sjostedt), and MicrotermesMicrotermes najdensis (Harris). Except for a previous record of H. aethiopicus, the other five species were recorded for the first time in the UAE. All species were subterranean in habitat and reach wood sources through earthen gallery systems. Termites were available in areas with varied conditions of climate, vegetation and soil types. Termites showed host preference for dead, living, or decaying plant materials and non-cellulose materials. The dominant termite species recorded was A. ochraceus, followed by P. hypostoma and M. diversus. The distributions of the six termite species varied in each of the seven Emirates. All species were present in the two largest Emirates of Abu Dhabi and Dubai. Keywords: Anacanthotermes ochraceus, Psammotermes hypostoma, Arabian region, termite distribution, Isoptera, Rhinotermitidae, Hodotermitidae. Introduction Termites have become increasingly important pests of the sun. Termites feed on living, dead or decaying of crops and buildings in the United Arab Emirates plant material. Some species are capable of reducing (UAE), where desert and marginal lands are irrigated wooden structures to dust and may cause serious for agriculture. UAE also imports many kinds of damage to buildings. woods and wood products to meet the needs of Several records pertaining to termites in the industry, new buildings, construction and furniture. Arabian Gulf countries, especially in Saudi Arabia, Two termite foraging strategies are adopted in have been made (Nasr et al., 1978; Badawi et al., the UAE ecosystem: species are either nocturnal or 1982, 1986; Chhotani and Bose, 1982 and 1991). they construct protective soil tunnels within which The termite fauna of the Arabian Peninsula comprise they are shielded from heat and desiccating effects 22 species (Badawi et al., 1986; Chhotani and Bose, 33 Kaakeh 1991). No study of the termite fauna in the UAE materials) were inspected for termite presence: 115 in has previously been made; the only record for UAE Abu-Dhabi, 46 in Dubai, 25 in Sharjah, 12 in Ajman, is a colony of Heterotermes aethiopicus (Sjostedt) 14 in Al Fujayrah, 6 in Umm al Qaywayn, 12 in Ras infesting a house in Al-Ain City in Abu Dhabi Emirate al Khaymah Emirate. The number of field trips was (Boocock, 1979). consistent with the size of the each emirate. Direct collection of termites was made from all infested The objectives of this study were to conduct a plants and materials. Termite specimens were mostly general survey for identifying subterranean termites, workers or nymphs, and to a lesser extend winged to determine the geographical distribution of all termites. Winged adults of most species were collected termite species in all seven emirates, and to determine after their swarming periods (during a humid day or termite living- or dead-hosts. at night at the beginning of the spring). Soldiers and winged castes were only collected during the spring Materials and Methods season at the time of termite swarming. Specimens Field sampling of termites from different regions were kept in 70 % alcohol, each in a separate glass vial of the UAE were conducted from March 2000-May for each site in each emirate. 2002 (Figure 1). A total of 64 field trips were made Preliminary identification of the collected termites in all Emirates (35 in Abu-Dhabi, 10 in Dubai, 8 in was made using the available termite keys (Snyder, Sharjah, 4 in Ajman, 2 in Al Fujayrah, 3 in Umm al 1949; Harris, 1967; Fontes, 1985; Sands, 1998). The Qaywayn, 2 in Ras al Khaymah Emirate). A total confirmation of termite identification was made by of 224 sites (live or dead plant host or other infested sending specimens to the British Museum of Natural Figure 1. Map of the United Arab Emirates. Each circle symbol, in each Emirate, represents 1-3 inspected sites in each location. 34 Table 1. Geographical distribution of identified termite species from the seven emirates of the United Arab Emirates. Number of sites with termites; figures in brackets indicate the percentage of all sites visited. Geographical distributionandhostsofsubterraneantermitesintheUAEaridecosystem Termite Emirate (number of sites) Umm al Ras al Abu Dhabi Dubai Sharjah Ajman Al Fujayrah Qaywayn Khaymah Family Species (115) (46) (25) (12) (14) (6) (12) Anacanthotermes ochraceus 45 13 14 8 5 3 Hodotermitidae x (Burmeister) (39.1)* (28.3) (56.0) (57.1) (83.3) (25.0) 35 Anacanthotermes ubachi 6 3 6 1 x x x (Navas) (5.2) (6.5) (42.9) (16.7) Psammotermes hypostoma 35 20 6 7 5 Rhinotermitidae x x (Desneux) (30.4) (43.5) (24.0) (58.3) (41.7) Heterotermes aethiopicus 4 2 1 x x x x (Sjostedt) (3.5) (4.3) (8.3) Microcertotermes diversus 19 6 4 3 Termitidae x x x (Silvestri) (16.5) (13.1) (16.0) (25.0) Microtermes najdensis 6 2 1 5 x x x (Harris) (5.3) (4.3) (4.0) (41.7) *Number of inspected sites (percentage in parenthesis) in which each termite species was found in each Emirate. Kaakeh History (UK). Data on the geographical distribution P. hypostoma, H. aethiopicus, and M. diversus were and hosts (plants and other materials) attacked by found. various termite species, was collected. Results and Discussion Hosts Subterranean termites in the UAE are considered pests Termite species because of the extent of damage they cause to various Table 1 shows all identified termite species in each sorts of living hosts structural materials. Termites Emirate. A total of six termite species, belonging showed host preference as follows: to 5 genera and 3 families, were identified. Termite Termites and residences and historical buildings: species were the harvester termites: Anacanthotermes Damage to wood in residences and historical buildings ochraceus (Burmeister) and Anacanthotermes ubachi was inflicted by all identified species in all emirates, (Navas), the sand termite Psammotermes hypostoma except in the case of M. najdensis where there was no (Desneux), the small waxy termites Microcerotermes record of infestation in buildings. A. ochraceus and diversus (Silvestri), Heterotermes aethiopicus P. hypostoma were found attacking and destroying (Sjostedt), and Microtermes najdensis (Harris). roofs of historical buildings and causing damage to Except for the only record of H. aethiopicus in the constructional timbers and furniture. In many cases UAE (Boocock, 1979), the other five species had these species had removed the straw from mud bricks not previously been reported in the UAE. All species used in the construction of rural residences, especially were subterranean in habitat and reach wood sources in Dubai and Abu Dhabi Emirates. Kassab et al. (1960) through earthen gallery systems. Workers of most reported that a severe infestation by A. ochraceus species forage in the open from late afternoon to early resulted in the abandoning of a village in Egypt. morning. Soldiers appeared to form a small proportion The damage caused to wood in residences and of the termite colonies. historical buildings in Abu Dhabi and Dubai Emirates, mainly by A. ochraceus and P. hypostoma, justify Identification and geographical distribution the application of chemical preservatives and other The dominant termite species found in the UAE chemical control strategies such as pressure injection were A. ochraceus, followed by P. hypostoma and M. treatments, barrier treatments, and the use of baits. diversus. The distributions of the six termite species Termites and fruit trees: Termites in UAE are in each emirate were as follows: A. ochraceus was considered to be pests of fruit trees. Live citrus found in all emirates, except in Ajman; A. ubachi was trees, Citrus sp., were infested by A. ochraceus and found in Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Al Fujayrah and Umm P. hypostoma in Ras al Khaymah, and M. najdensis al Qaywayn; P. hypostoma was found in all emirates in Ajman. Date palm trees, Phoenix dactylifera, were except in Al Fujayrah; H. aethiopicus was found in affected by all identified species at various levels Abu Dhabi, and Ras Al Khaymah; M. diversus was of infestation. Live date palm trees were affected found in four emirates of Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, by four species: A. ochraceus in Abu Dhabi, Dubai and Ras al Khaymah; and M.
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  • The Phylogeny of Termites

    The Phylogeny of Termites

    Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 48 (2008) 615–627 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev The phylogeny of termites (Dictyoptera: Isoptera) based on mitochondrial and nuclear markers: Implications for the evolution of the worker and pseudergate castes, and foraging behaviors Frédéric Legendre a,*, Michael F. Whiting b, Christian Bordereau c, Eliana M. Cancello d, Theodore A. Evans e, Philippe Grandcolas a a Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Département Systématique et Évolution, UMR 5202, CNRS, CP 50 (Entomologie), 45 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France b Department of Integrative Biology, 693 Widtsoe Building, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA c UMR 5548, Développement—Communication chimique, Université de Bourgogne, 6, Bd Gabriel 21000 Dijon, France d Muzeu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Nazaré 481, 04263-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil e CSIRO Entomology, Ecosystem Management: Functional Biodiversity, Canberra, Australia article info abstract Article history: A phylogenetic hypothesis of termite relationships was inferred from DNA sequence data. Seven gene Received 31 October 2007 fragments (12S rDNA, 16S rDNA, 18S rDNA, 28S rDNA, cytochrome oxidase I, cytochrome oxidase II Revised 25 March 2008 and cytochrome b) were sequenced for 40 termite exemplars, representing all termite families and 14 Accepted 9 April 2008 outgroups. Termites were found to be monophyletic with Mastotermes darwiniensis (Mastotermitidae) Available online 27 May 2008 as sister group to the remainder of the termites. In this remainder, the family Kalotermitidae was sister group to other families. The families Kalotermitidae, Hodotermitidae and Termitidae were retrieved as Keywords: monophyletic whereas the Termopsidae and Rhinotermitidae appeared paraphyletic.
  • Mcabee Fossil Site Assessment

    Mcabee Fossil Site Assessment

    1 McAbee Fossil Site Assessment Final Report July 30, 2007 Revised August 5, 2007 Further revised October 24, 2008 Contract CCLAL08009 by Mark V. H. Wilson, Ph.D. Edmonton, Alberta, Canada Phone 780 435 6501; email [email protected] 2 Table of Contents Executive Summary ..............................................................................................................................................................3 McAbee Fossil Site Assessment ..........................................................................................................................................4 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................................4 Geological Context ...........................................................................................................................................................8 Claim Use and Impact ....................................................................................................................................................10 Quality, Abundance, and Importance of the Fossils from McAbee ............................................................................11 Sale and Private Use of Fossils from McAbee..............................................................................................................12 Educational Use of Fossils from McAbee.....................................................................................................................13
  • Structure, Function and Evolution of the Labral and Frontal Glands in Termites Valeria Danae Palma Onetto

    Structure, Function and Evolution of the Labral and Frontal Glands in Termites Valeria Danae Palma Onetto

    Structure, function and evolution of the labral and frontal glands in termites Valeria Danae Palma Onetto To cite this version: Valeria Danae Palma Onetto. Structure, function and evolution of the labral and frontal glands in termites. Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE]. Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. English. NNT : 2019USPCD027. tel-03033808 HAL Id: tel-03033808 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03033808 Submitted on 1 Dec 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. UNIVERSITÉ PARIS 13, SORBONNE PARIS CITÉ ECOLE DOCTORALE GALILEÉ THESE présentée pour l’obtention du grade de DOCTEUR DE L’UNIVERSITE PARIS 13 Spécialité: Ethologie Structure, function and evolution Defensiveof the labral exocrine and glandsfrontal glandsin termites in termites Présentée par Valeria Palma–Onetto Sous la direction de: David Sillam–Dussès et Jan Šobotník Soutenue publiquement le 28 janvier 2019 JURY Maria Cristina Lorenzi Professeur, Université Paris 13 Présidente du jury Renate Radek Professeur, Université Libre de Berlin Rapporteur Yves Roisin Professeur,
  • Very Similar to 'M.' Limai, Except for the Distinctly Larger Size, and Thus

    Very Similar to 'M.' Limai, Except for the Distinctly Larger Size, and Thus

    Insects of the Crato Formation 249 Comment: very similar to ‘M.’ limai, except for the distinctly larger size, and thus probably belonging to the same new genus. It has not been possible to determine whether this new taxon is conspecific with the undescribed new genus and species mentioned by Vrˇsansk´y (2004) or instead represents a third blattellid taxon from Crato. Blattidae The presence of the Blattidae in the Crato Formation was first noted by Mendes (1993), who recognized that Mesoblattinopsis schneideri Pinto, 1989 was a blattid. Mesoblattinopsis schneideri Pinto, 1989 Comment: two further new species of Mesoblattinopsis are reported by Mendes (1997b). Family incertae sedis Unnamed new genus and species B Material: three specimens with nos SMNS 66321, SMNS 66308 (Figure 11.23h) and SMNS 66309. Diagnosis: body length about 8.7–9.5 mm; shape of body longish oval; antennae about as long as body; pronotum much broader than head (width 3.0–3.7 mm, thus 180–195% of head width), posteriorly broader than anteriorly, but with narrower lateral lobes than the new blattellid species mentioned above; forewing venation unknown, but with a broad costal margin; cerci with about 10 segments. 11.9 Isoptera: termites G¨unter Bechly There are about 2,800 Recent and about 130 fossil termite species, usually classified in seven families (see below). Termites are relatively small insects with a body length that is usually much less than 3 cm. They are soft-bodied and often called white ants because they are small colonial insects of more or less whitish color. They are, however, completely unrelated to ants, but closely related to cockroaches and mantids.
  • Order Blattodea*

    Order Blattodea*

    Zootaxa 3703 (1): 046–048 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Correspondence ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2013 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3703.1.10 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:72196B26-433A-4816-90B3-9EC15495E1B4 Order Blattodea* GEORGE BECCALONI1 & PAUL EGGLETON2 1Curator of orthopteroid insects, Life Sciences Department, Terrestrial Invertebrates Division, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK; email: [email protected] 2Merit Researcher, Life Sciences Department, Terrestrial Invertebrates Division, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK * In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.) Animal Biodiversity: An Outline of Higher-level Classification and Survey of Taxonomic Richness (Addenda 2013). Zootaxa, 3703, 1–82. Abstract The Blattodea comprise the termites (epifamily Termitoidae only) and the cockroaches (all other taxa). 7570 living species of Blattodea are currently recognised, of which 2929 are termites (Krishna et al. 2013) and 4641 are cockroaches (Beccaloni 2007) . Key words: Blattodea, cockroaches, termites, classification, diversity Introduction The Blattodea comprise the termites (epifamily Termitoidae only) and the cockroaches (all other taxa). Beccaloni and Eggleton (2011) recognized 7314 extant named species of Blattodea, including 2692 termites and 4622 cockroaches and. In this update, 7570 living species of Blattodea are currently recognised, of which 2929 are termites (Krishna et al. 2013) and 4641 are cockroaches (Beccaloni 2007) . Inward, Beccaloni & Eggleton (2007) and subsequent phylogenetic studies (Legendre et al. 2008; Ware et al. 2008; Cameron et al. 2012; Djernaes et al. 2012; Xiao et al. 2012) have confirmed that the termites and the cockroach family Cryptocercidae are sister groups and that this clade is nested within the Blattodea.