Evaluation of the Chemical Defense Fluids of Macrotermes Carbonarius
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Size of Colony Population of Macrotermes Gilvus Hagen (Isoptera: Termitidae) in Different Habitats on Cocoa Plantation, Aceh Province, Indonesia
IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS) e-ISSN: 2319-2380, p-ISSN: 2319-2372. Volume 13, Issue 4 Ser. II (April 2020), PP 45-49 www.iosrjournals.org Size of Colony Population of Macrotermes gilvus Hagen (Isoptera: Termitidae) in different habitats on Cocoa Plantation, Aceh Province, Indonesia 1) 2) Muhammad Sayuthi and Susanna 1,2)Department of Plant Protection Agriculture Faculty of Syiah Kuala University Banda Aceh, Aceh Indonesia Corresponding Author: 1)Muhammad Sayuthi ____________________________________________________________________________ Abstract: Termite pests are attracted to habitats that contain high organic matter and are thought to be related to habitat conditions that have high humidity with low temperatures.This research aims to study the effectiveness of each habitat for the survival of termites in cocoa plantations. This research was conducted in the Cocoa Plantation of Bandar BaruSubdistrict, Pidie Jaya Regency, from February to November 2019. The equipment used was Petridish, Olympus brand optical microscope (CX21FS1), Thermometer, Gauze, Tissue, Jars, Knives, Sterile Cotton, Aluminum foil and stationery. The materials used are termite pests, pine wood. The method used is the triple mark recapture technique (Marini & Ferrari 1998). The results of the observation show that the termites of Macrotermesgilvus damage cocoa plants in Bandar Baru District, Pidie Jaya Regency. Cocoa plants that are not treated well experience a higher level of damage than those that are well cared for. Growth and development of M. gilvus colonies increased in habitats that were not sanitized by weeds and organic matter waste. Keywords: Termite, habitat, cocoa, Plantation, pest ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------- Date of Submission: 15-04-2020 Date of Acceptance: 30-04-2020 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------- I. -
Universiti Putra Malaysia Genetic Diversity of Tuba
UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA GENETIC DIVERSITY OF TUBA PLANTS, AND TOXICITY OF THEIR ROTENOIDS FORMULATED AS NANO-EMULSION AGAINST Plutella xylostella L. NORHAYU BINTI ASIB FP 2015 42 GENETIC DIVERSITY OF TUBA PLANTS, AND TOXICITY OF THEIR ROTENOIDS FORMULATED AS NANO-EMULSION AGAINST Plutella xylostella L. By NORHAYU BINTI ASIB UPM COPYRIGHT © Thesis presented to the Senate of Universiti Putra Malaysia in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy January 2015 Abstract of thesis presented to the Senate of Universiti Putra Malaysia in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy GENETIC DIVERSITY OF TUBA PLANTS, AND TOXICITY OF THEIR ROTENOIDS FORMULATED AS NANO-EMULSION AGAINST Plutella xylostella L. By NORHAYU BINTI ASIB UPM January 2015 Chairman : Professor Dzolkhifli Omar, PhD. Faculty : Agriculture Rotenone found in the crude extract from the roots of Tuba plants is commonly used as a bioinsecticide to control insect pests of horticultural crops. The control obtained on insect pests varies greatly and this could probably be due to the source and process of extraction, toxicant preparation and application in the field. The need to improve the quality of the rotenone as botanical insecticide and to obtain consistent control of insect pest led to the studies with following objectives; 1) to identify the diversity of Tubaplants based on Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis, Internal Transcribe Spacer (ITS) marker and their morphological characteristics, 2) to extract, and characterize bioactive compound rotenone from Tuba plants, 3) to prepare the bio- based emulsion formulation of rotenone extract and 4) to evaluate the insecticidal properties of the emulsion formulation of rotenone against Diamondback moth (DBM). -
AUSTRALIAN TERMITOPHILES ASSOCIATED with MICROCEROTERMES (Isoptera: Amitermitinae) I
Pacific Insects 12 (1): 9-15 20 May 1970 AUSTRALIAN TERMITOPHILES ASSOCIATED WITH MICROCEROTERMES (Isoptera: Amitermitinae) I. A new Subtribe, genus, and species (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) with notes on their behavior1 By David H. Kistner2 Abstract: A new Subtribe (Microceroxenina) of the tribe Athetini is described. The single included genus and species (both new) is Microceroxenus alzadae which was cap tured with Microcerotermes turneri in North Queensland. Behavioral observations are presented which support the interpretation that Microceroxenus is well-integrated into the social life of the termites. Observations of the release of alates by the host ter mites are presented which support the interpretation that the release of alates in these termites is simultaneous among colonies in a given area, is of short duration, and oc curs rather infrequently. Not many species of termitophiles have been found with termites of the genus Micro cerotermes Silvestri (Amitermitinae) or even from the genera related to Microcerotermes such as Amphidotermes or Globitermes (Ahmad 1950). Only 1 species of staphylinid has been previously recorded and that species is Termitochara kraatzi Wasmann which was collected with Microcerotermes sikorae (Wasmann) from Madagascar (Seevers 1957). The same species of termitophile has also been recorded from a nest of Capritermes capricor- nis (Wasmann), which belongs to an entirely different subfamily (Termitinae), by Was mann (1893). No one really believes either of these termites is the true host of the species as the nearest relatives of Termitochara are found principally with the Nasutiter- mitinae. It was therefore a real pleasure to open up a Microcerotermes nest and find numerous staphylinids there, particularly when opening up nests of the same genus in Africa had never yielded any staphylinids. -
Termites (Isoptera) of Thailand
TERMITES (ISOPTERA) OF THAILAND MUZAFFER AHMAD BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM'OF NATURAL HISTORY VOLUME 131: ARTICLE I, NEW, YORK: 1965 TERMITES (ISOPTERA) OF THAILAND MUZAFFER AHMAD Department of Zoology University of the Panjab Lahore, Pakistan BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOLUME 131 : ARTICLE 1 NEW YORK : 1965 BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Volume 131, article 1, pages 1-114, figures 1-114, tables 1-49 Issued December 16, 1965 Price: $2.00 a copy CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ..................... 5 Analysis of the Termite Collection from Thailand. 5 Localities Surveyed . 5 Terminology ................ 6 SYSTEMATIC AcCOUNT .................... 7 Key to the Genera . 7 Family Kalotermitidae . ...................... 9 Genus Postelectrotermes Krishna . 9 Genus Glyptotermes Froggatt.. 10 Genus Bifiditermes Krishna . 14 Genus Cryptotermes Banks . 14 Rhinotermitidae .. .. Family . .. 17 .. .. Subfamily Coptotermitinae . 17 Genus .. .. Wasmann . Coptotermes . 17 Subfamily Rhinotermitinae .... ....... 23 Genus Prorhinotermes Silvestri . 23 Genus Schedorhinotermes Silvestri .................... 24 Family Termitidae . 30 Subfamily Macrotermitinae ..... ........ 30 Macrotermes .. Genus . Holmgren . .. 30 Genus .. Odontotermes . Holmgren . 43 Genus .. .. Hypotermes Holmgren . 53 Genus .. .. Microtermes Wasmann . 57 Amitermitinae .. .. Subfamily . 59 Genus Indotermes .. Roonwal and . Sen-Sarma . 59 Genus .. Wasmann . Speculitermes . 61 Genus .. .. Euhamitermes . Holmgren . 63 Genus .. ... Microcerotermes . Silvestri -
Cómo Citar El Artículo Número Completo Más Información Del
Acta zoológica mexicana ISSN: 0065-1737 ISSN: 2448-8445 Instituto de Ecología A.C. García, Mauricio; Camacho, Jesús; Dorado, Idelma Dos nuevas especies de Termitaradus Myers, 1924 (Hemiptera: Termitaphididae), de Venezuela y observaciones sobre la familia Acta zoológica mexicana, vol. 32, núm. 3, 2016, pp. 348-358 Instituto de Ecología A.C. Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=57549165012 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Redalyc Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina y el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto ISSN 0065-1737 (NUEVA SERIE) 32(3) 2016 DOS NUEVAS ESPECIES DE TERMITARADUS MYERS, 1924 (HEMIPTERA: TERMITAPHIDIDAE), DE VENEZUELA Y OBSERVACIONES SOBRE LA FAMILIA TWO NEW SPECIES OF TERMITARADUS MYERS, 1924 (HEMIPTERA: TERMITAPHIDIDAE) OF VENEZUELA, AND OBSERVATIONS ON THE FAMILY Mauricio GARCÍA,¹ Jesús CAMACHO² e Idelma DORADO² ¹ Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB), Facultad de Humanidades y Educación, Edificio de Postgrado, Universidad del Zulia, Apdo. 526, A-4001, Venezuela. ² Museo de Artrópodos de la Universidad del Zulia (MALUZ). Departamento Fitosanitario, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad del Zulia, Apdo. 526, Maracaibo A-4001, Zulia, Venezuela. <[email protected]>; <[email protected]>; <[email protected]> Recibido: 28/03/2016; aceptado: 30/08/2016 Editor asociado responsable: Alfonso Neri García Aldrete García, M., Camacho, J. & Dorado, I. (2016). Dos nuevas especies García, M., Camacho, J. & Dorado, I. (2016). Two new species of de Termitaradus Myers, 1924 (Hemiptera: Termitaphididae), de Termitaradus Myers, 1924 (Hemiptera: Termitaphididae) of Ven- Venezuela y observaciones sobre la familia. -
Isoptera Book Chapter
Isoptera 535 See Also the Following Articles Biodiversity ■ Biogeographical Patterns ■ Cave Insects ■ Introduced Insects Further Reading Carlquist , S. ( 1974 ) . “ Island Biology . ” Columbia University Press , New York and London . Gillespie , R. G. , and Roderick , G. K. ( 2002 ) . Arthropods on islands: Colonization, speciation, and conservation . Annu. Rev. Entomol. 47 , 595 – 632 . Gillespie , R. G. , and Clague , D. A. (eds.) (2009 ) . “ Encyclopedia of Islands. ” University of California Press , Berkeley, CA . Howarth , F. G. , and Mull , W. P. ( 1992 ) . “ Hawaiian Insects and Their Kin . ” University of Hawaii Press , Honolulu, HI . MacArthur , R. H. , and Wilson , E. O. ( 1967 ) . “ The Theory of Island Biogeography . ” Princeton University Press , Princeton, NJ . Wagner , W. L. , and Funk , V. (eds.) ( 1995 ) . “ Hawaiian Biogeography Evolution on a Hot Spot Archipelago. ” Smithsonian Institution Press , Washington, DC . Whittaker , R. J. , and Fern á ndez-Palacios , J. M. ( 2007 ) . “ Island Biogeography: Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation , ” 2nd ed. Oxford University Press , Oxford, U.K . I Isoptera (Termites) Vernard R. Lewis FIGURE 1 Castes for Isoptera. A lower termite group, University of California, Berkeley Reticulitermes, is represented. A large queen is depicted in the center. A king is to the left of the queen. A worker and soldier are he ordinal name Isoptera is of Greek origin and refers to below. (Adapted, with permission from Aventis Environmental the two pairs of straight and very similar wings that termites Science, from The Mallis Handbook of Pest Control, 1997.) Thave as reproductive adults. Termites are small and white to tan or sometimes black. They are sometimes called “ white ants ” and can be confused with true ants (Hymenoptera). -
Treatise on the Isoptera of the World Kumar
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by American Museum of Natural History Scientific Publications KRISHNA ET AL.: ISOPTERA OF THE WORLD: 7. REFERENCES AND INDEX7. TREATISE ON THE ISOPTERA OF THE WORLD 7. REFERENCES AND INDEX KUMAR KRISHNA, DAVID A. GRIMALDI, VALERIE KRISHNA, AND MICHAEL S. ENGEL A MNH BULLETIN (7) 377 2 013 BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY TREATISE ON THE ISOPTERA OF THE WORLD VolUME 7 REFERENCES AND INDEX KUMAR KRISHNA, DAVID A. GRIMALDI, VALERIE KRISHNA Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, New York 10024-5192 AND MICHAEL S. ENGEL Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, New York 10024-5192; Division of Entomology (Paleoentomology), Natural History Museum and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology 1501 Crestline Drive, Suite 140 University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045 BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Number 377, 2704 pp., 70 figures, 14 tables Issued April 25, 2013 Copyright © American Museum of Natural History 2013 ISSN 0003-0090 2013 Krishna ET AL.: ISOPtera 2435 CS ONTENT VOLUME 1 Abstract...................................................................... 5 Introduction.................................................................. 7 Acknowledgments . 9 A Brief History of Termite Systematics ........................................... 11 Morphology . 44 Key to the -
A Sacrificial Millipede Altruistically Protects Its Swarm Using a Drone
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN A sacrificial millipede altruistically protects its swarm using a drone blood enzyme, mandelonitrile Received: 05 January 2016 Accepted: 29 April 2016 oxidase Published: 06 June 2016 Yuko Ishida1,2, Yasumasa Kuwahara1,2, Mohammad Dadashipour1,2, Atsutoshi Ina1,2, Takuya Yamaguchi1,2, Masashi Morita1,2, Yayoi Ichiki1,2 & Yasuhisa Asano1,2 Soldiers of some eusocial insects exhibit an altruistic self-destructive defense behavior in emergency situations when attacked by large enemies. The swarm-forming invasive millipede, Chamberlinius hualienensis, which is not classified as eusocial animal, exudes irritant chemicals such as benzoyl cyanide as a defensive secretion. Although it has been thought that this defensive chemical was converted from mandelonitrile, identification of the biocatalyst has remained unidentified for 40 years. Here, we identify the novel blood enzyme, mandelonitrile oxidase (ChuaMOX), which stoichiometrically catalyzes oxygen consumption and synthesis of benzoyl cyanide and hydrogen peroxide from mandelonitrile. Interestingly the enzymatic activity is suppressed at a blood pH of 7, and the enzyme is segregated by membranes of defensive sacs from mandelonitrile which has a pH of 4.6, the optimum pH for ChuaMOX activity. In addition, strong body muscle contractions are necessary for de novo synthesis of benzoyl cyanide. We propose that, to protect its swarm, the sacrificial millipede also applies a self- destructive defense strategy—the endogenous rupturing of the defensive sacs to mix ChuaMOX and mandelonitrile at an optimum pH. Further study of defensive systems in primitive arthropods will pave the way to elucidate the evolution of altruistic defenses in the animal kingdom. Swarm-forming animals have unique defense systems for protection. -
James K. Wetterer
James K. Wetterer Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University 5353 Parkside Drive, Jupiter, FL 33458 Phone: (561) 799-8648; FAX: (561) 799-8602; e-mail: [email protected] EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON, Seattle, WA, 9/83 - 8/88 Ph.D., Zoology: Ecology and Evolution; Advisor: Gordon H. Orians. MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY, East Lansing, MI, 9/81 - 9/83 M.S., Zoology: Ecology; Advisors: Earl E. Werner and Donald J. Hall. CORNELL UNIVERSITY, Ithaca, NY, 9/76 - 5/79 A.B., Biology: Ecology and Systematics. UNIVERSITÉ DE PARIS III, France, 1/78 - 5/78 Semester abroad: courses in theater, literature, and history of art. WORK EXPERIENCE FLORIDA ATLANTIC UNIVERSITY, Wilkes Honors College 8/04 - present: Professor 7/98 - 7/04: Associate Professor Teaching: Biodiversity, Principles of Ecology, Behavioral Ecology, Human Ecology, Environmental Studies, Tropical Ecology, Field Biology, Life Science, and Scientific Writing 9/03 - 1/04 & 5/04 - 8/04: Fulbright Scholar; Ants of Trinidad and Tobago COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY, Department of Earth and Environmental Science 7/96 - 6/98: Assistant Professor Teaching: Community Ecology, Behavioral Ecology, and Tropical Ecology WHEATON COLLEGE, Department of Biology 8/94 - 6/96: Visiting Assistant Professor Teaching: General Ecology and Introductory Biology HARVARD UNIVERSITY, Museum of Comparative Zoology 8/91- 6/94: Post-doctoral Fellow; Behavior, ecology, and evolution of fungus-growing ants Advisors: Edward O. Wilson, Naomi Pierce, and Richard Lewontin 9/95 - 1/96: Teaching: Ethology PRINCETON UNIVERSITY, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology 7/89 - 7/91: Research Associate; Ecology and evolution of leaf-cutting ants Advisor: Stephen Hubbell 1/91 - 5/91: Teaching: Tropical Ecology, Introduction to the Scientific Method VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY, Department of Psychology 9/88 - 7/89: Post-doctoral Fellow; Visual psychophysics of fish and horseshoe crabs Advisor: Maureen K. -
Blattodea: Hodotermitidae) and Its Role As a Bioindicator of Heavy Metal Accumulation Risks in Saudi Arabia
Article Characterization of the 12S rRNA Gene Sequences of the Harvester Termite Anacanthotermes ochraceus (Blattodea: Hodotermitidae) and Its Role as A Bioindicator of Heavy Metal Accumulation Risks in Saudi Arabia Reem Alajmi 1,*, Rewaida Abdel-Gaber 1,2,* and Noura AlOtaibi 3 1 Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia 2 Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt 3 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (R.A.), [email protected] (R.A.-G.) Received: 28 December 2018; Accepted: 3 February 2019; Published: 8 February 2019 Abstract: Termites are social insects of economic importance that have a worldwide distribution. Identifying termite species has traditionally relied on morphometric characters. Recently, several mitochondrial genes have been used as genetic markers to determine the correlation between different species. Heavy metal accumulation causes serious health problems in humans and animals. Being involved in the food chain, insects are used as bioindicators of heavy metals. In the present study, 100 termite individuals of Anacanthotermes ochraceus were collected from two Saudi Arabian localities with different geoclimatic conditions (Riyadh and Taif). These individuals were subjected to morphological identification followed by molecular analysis using mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene sequence, thus confirming the morphological identification of A. ochraceus. Furthermore, a phylogenetic analysis was conducted to determine the genetic relationship between the acquired species and other termite species with sequences previously submitted in the GenBank database. Several heavy metals including Ca, Al, Mg, Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn, Ba, Cr, Co, Be, Ni, V, Pb, Cd, and Mo were measured in both collected termites and soil samples from both study sites. -
Intracolonial Demography of the Mound-Building Termite Macrotermes Natalensis (Haviland) (Isoptera, Termitidae) in the Northern Kruger National Park, South Africa
Insectes soc. 47 (2000) 390–397 0020-1812/00/040390-08 $ 1.50+0.20/0 Insectes Sociaux © Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel, 2000 Research article Intracolonial demography of the mound-building termite Macrotermes natalensis (Haviland) (Isoptera, Termitidae) in the northern Kruger National Park, South Africa V.W. Meyer 1, *, R.M. Crewe 1,L.E.O.Braack2, H.T. Groeneveld 3 and M.J. van der Linde 3 1 Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa, e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] 2 Department of Conservation Development, Kruger National Park, Skukuza, 1350, South Africa, e-mail: [email protected] 3 Department of Statistics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa, e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] * Correspondence address: PO Box 1969, Wingate Park, 0153, South Africa Received 14 January 2000; revised 18 September 2000; accepted 26 September 2000. Summary. This paper reports on the number of individuals todeally (from the rectum). Secondly, termites have been in Macrotermes natalensis (Hav.) colonies of different sized shown to fix nitrogen (Curtis and Waller, 1998). If the nitro- mounds in the northern Kruger National Park. Mounds were gen fixation rate per individual termite is known, caste num- fully excavated, termites collected by means of vacuuming, bers and proportions provided by the present study can be and colony size estimated by sub-sampling. The proportion used to accurately derive overall nitrogen fixation, as rates of of termites in the mound (above and underground sections) fixation vary among species and castes via microbes and amounts to more than 70% of the colony; the rest being pre- fungi (e.g., Matsumoto and Abe, 1979; Collins, 1983). -
Complementary Symbiont Contributions to Plant Decomposition in a Fungus-Farming Termite
Complementary symbiont contributions to plant decomposition in a fungus-farming termite Michael Poulsena,1,2, Haofu Hub,1, Cai Lib,c, Zhensheng Chenb, Luohao Xub, Saria Otania, Sanne Nygaarda, Tania Nobred,3, Sylvia Klaubaufe, Philipp M. Schindlerf, Frank Hauserg, Hailin Panb, Zhikai Yangb, Anton S. M. Sonnenbergh, Z. Wilhelm de Beeri, Yong Zhangb, Michael J. Wingfieldi, Cornelis J. P. Grimmelikhuijzeng, Ronald P. de Vriese, Judith Korbf,4, Duur K. Aanend, Jun Wangb,j, Jacobus J. Boomsmaa, and Guojie Zhanga,b,2 aCentre for Social Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; bChina National Genebank, BGI-Shenzen, Shenzhen 518083, China; cCentre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark; dLaboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands; eFungal Biodiversity Centre, Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, NL-3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands; fBehavioral Biology, Fachbereich Biology/Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany; gCenter for Functional and Comparative Insect Genomics, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; hDepartment of Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research Centre, NL-6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands; iDepartment of Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria SA-0083, South Africa; and jDepartment of Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark Edited by Ian T. Baldwin, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany, and approved August 15, 2014 (received for review October 24, 2013) Termites normally rely on gut symbionts to decompose organic levels-of-selection conflicts that need to be regulated (12).