Simulacro, Hiperrealidad Y Pos-Humanismo: La Ciencia Ficción En Argentina Y España En Torno Al 2000
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University of Kentucky UKnowledge Theses and Dissertations--Hispanic Studies Hispanic Studies 2013 SIMULACRO, HIPERREALIDAD Y POS-HUMANISMO: LA CIENCIA FICCIÓN EN ARGENTINA Y ESPAÑA EN TORNO AL 2000 Mirta Rímolo de Rienzi University of Kentucky, [email protected] Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Rímolo de Rienzi, Mirta, "SIMULACRO, HIPERREALIDAD Y POS-HUMANISMO: LA CIENCIA FICCIÓN EN ARGENTINA Y ESPAÑA EN TORNO AL 2000" (2013). Theses and Dissertations--Hispanic Studies. 12. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/hisp_etds/12 This Doctoral Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Hispanic Studies at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations--Hispanic Studies by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STUDENT AGREEMENT: I represent that my thesis or dissertation and abstract are my original work. 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Mirta Rímolo de Rienzi, Student Dr. Ana Rueda, Major Professor Dr. Moisés Castillo, Director of Graduate Studies SIMULACRO, HIPERREALIDAD Y POS-HUMANISMO: LA CIENCIA FICCIÓN EN ARGENTINA Y ESPAÑA EN TORNO AL 2000 _________________________ DISSERTATION _________________________ A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the College of Arts and Science at the University of Kentucky By Mirta Rímolo de Rienzi Lexington, Kentucky Director: Dr. Ana Rueda, Professor of Hispanic Studies Lexington, Kentucky 2013 Copyright © Mirta Rímolo de Rienzi 2013 ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATION SIMULACRO, HIPERREALIDAD Y POS-HUMANISMO: LA CIENCIA FICCIÓN EN ARGENTINA Y ESPAÑA EN TORNO AL 2000 This project focuses on science fiction literature of Spain and Argentina produced in the last twenty years (1990-2010). It hypothesizes that in this period a change of perspective substantially modified science fiction productions in both countries and converges into a new model of narrative. As a consequence of this reformulated vision, a new narrative perspective immerses readers in an era of simulation, hyperreality, and post-humanism. When advanced technology is able to modify the basic human anatomy, and persons are trapped between virtual and real universes, simulacra facilitate control of people in an effective and impersonal manner. Simultaneously, fictional scenarios show new post-human beings sharing future worlds with humans. In this regard, the new literary production leads the reader to a redefinition of what it means to be human. With a theoretical framework centered on simulacrum, hyperreality and post-humanism, this study places the use of new technologies and the critique of postmodern society at the epicenter of the discussion as proposed by selected novels. Keewords: Science Fiction, Simulacrum, Hiperreality, Post-humanism, Spain, Argentina Mirta Rímolo de Rienzi Student’s Signature November 4th, 2013 Date SIMULACRO, HIPERREALIDAD Y POS-HUMANISMO: LA CIENCIA FICCIÓN EN ARGENTINA Y ESPAÑA EN TORNO AL 2000 By Mirta Rímolo de Rienzi Dr. Ana Rueda Director of Dissertation Dr. Moisés Castillo Director of Graduate Studies November 4th, 2013 Date To my husband, Eduardo ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my Dissertation Director Dr. Ana Rueda, who provided timely and instructive comments and enthusiasm at every stage of the dissertation process, allowing me to complete this project. She provided insights that guided and challenged my thinking, substantially improving the finished product. Next, I want to thank Dr. Edward Stanton for the encouragement and support I received during my time as a graduate student. Also, I would like to thank the other members of the Dissertation Committee: Dr. Mariana Amato, Dr. Cristina Alcalde for their insights and suggestions that substantially elevated the quality of my work, and Dr. Tomas Whayne for accepting being part of the committee. I also wish to thank the Department Hispanic Studies of University of Kentucky for providing the resources that facilitated my research. In addition, I received equally important assistance and support from family and friends. I want to thank my fellows Kristie, Osvaldo, Lynn, Silvia and Daniel for their understanding and friendship. Above all, I thank my husband Eduardo, who provided on- going support throughout the dissertation process allowing me to complete my project in a timely manner. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ..................................................................................... iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ....................................................................................... iv Capítulo I: Introducción .......................................................................................... 1 Capítulo II: Dos estéticas de la ciencia-ficción en el siglo XX: España y Argentina ............................................................................................................................................. 9 Revisión de la historia de la ciencia ficción argentina ...................................... 11 Revisión de la historia de la ciencia ficción española....................................... 16 Confluencia de la ciencia ficción de ambos países hacia finales del siglo XX: 21 Tesis: El simulacro, la hiperrealidad y el replanteamiento pos-humanista en la ciencia ficción. .............................................................................................................. 24 Marco teórico .................................................................................................... 24 Capítulo III: La nave y La invención de Morel como obras paradigmáticas de mediados del siglo XX. ..................................................................................................... 33 La nave (1959) de Tomás Salvador. ................................................................. 34 La invención de Morel (1940) de Adolfo Bioy Casares. .................................. 59 iv Memoria, escritura e hiperrealidad. .................................................................. 72 Capítulo IV: Replicantes y ciborgues: una crítica al mundo posmoderno. ........... 76 Lágrimas en la lluvia (2011) de Rosa Montero ................................................ 78 Casa de Ottro (2009) de Marcelo Cohen ........................................................ 105 Replicantes y ciborgues: lecciones de convivencia. ....................................... 124 Capítulo V: El simulacro y la hiperrealidad: el uso de la tecnología para controlar al individuo. .................................................................................................................... 127 Madrid (2008) de Daniel Mares ..................................................................... 132 Vórtice (2000) de Carlos Gardini .................................................................... 148 Apocalipsis y redención .................................................................................. 168 Capítulo VI: Estereotipos de género modificados. ............................................. 171 Sagrada (1989) de Elia Barceló ...................................................................... 172 Anatomía humana (1993) de Carlos Chernov ................................................ 193 El rol de los géneros y el poder ....................................................................... 221 Capítulo VII: Conclusiones................................................................................. 224 References ........................................................................................................... 230 v Fuentes primarias ............................................................................................ 230 Fuentes secundarias ........................................................................................ 230 VITA ................................................................................................................... 242 vi Capítulo I: Introducción La búsqueda histórica de los orígenes de la narrativa de ciencia ficción ofrece serias dificultades pues no hay acuerdo