SINDH/ BALOCHISTAN CYCLONE YEMYIN RESPONSE-Turbat
Interim Assessment Report II
Of
The Effects of the Cyclone Yemyin
In
Kech District Balochistan Province
Team Members:
Dennis Joseph – CWS P/A Bernard Kidula - NCA Syed Shaukat Ullah Shah Abdul Baari Kurd Imran Munawar 1 Ellahi Bukhsh Baloch – SPO (Strengthening Participatory Organization) SINDH/ BALOCHISTAN CYCLONE YEMYIN RESPONSE-Turbat
AREA ASSESSED: Province: Balochistan District: Turbat
Background
Following media, NGO and other reports reaching the CWS-P/A on the dire effects of the Cyclone Yemyin in the Balochistan province of Pakistan, it was decided to send an assessment team to the affected areas for a first hand account of the damage if any.
A team comprising of CWS (Church World Service, NCA (Norwegian Church Aid) and SPO (Strengthening Participatory Organization) was dispatched to Balochistan on the 6th of July 2007.
The team’s objectives were:
• Assess the extent of the destruction to people and livelihoods • Assess the damage to the water and sanitation infrastructure • Assess the damage to the health facilities in the affected areas • Make recommendations for the appropriate response to mitigate the effects of the disaster (if any)
Basic Facts:
Turbat district was promulgated on the 1st of July 1977. It assumed the name Kech between 1994 and 95. The district headquarters are located at Turbat town which is situated on the left bank of Kech River. The district comprises of four Tehsils which are Turbat, Buleda, Dasht and Tump.
There are 38 Union Councils (UCs) in the district in Kech. The population structure in the UCs is as follows:
Population Tehsil UC Male Female Total Turbat 17 113 975 100975 214 521 Buleda 7 36928 36179 73107 Tump 8 45371 41144 86515 Dasht 6 20292 18769 39061
A low key insurgency has plagued the province for quite some time and may be the main reason entry and movement for foreigners is tightly restricted or monitored. The team’s non- Pakistan member had to apply be granted a No Objections Certificate (NOC), to enter the province.
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Methodology
The team employed
1. Interviews; 2. Focus group discussions 3. Observation 4. Review of secondary data
As in previous reports attempts have been made to verify the figures, names and statistics handed down by informants in the field. This is both time consuming and a Herculean task. As a result, the team has only quoted or employed figures and numbers which have either been verified or present no controversy. The names used have been quoted from informants or as written down on sign posts.
KECH
General:
Presidential Visit:
The team’s visit coincided with the visit to the area by the President of the country – Parvez Musharaf. This had some effect on the mission. Security for the president was obviously very tight and many roads were closed. Indeed, the team was transported from the airport on the back of a police anti-riot truck and offloaded outside the perimeter fence under the baking hot sun.
There were restrictions on the places the team could visit and that included the disaster zones that the president intended to visit. That curtailed the team’s activities on the first day. The newly operated tent camp located in the stadium was certainly out of bounds for the team as the President intended to visit it.
First Impressions: All the low lying areas of Turbat are hard hit. Unfortunately Turbat being in Balochistan – the least developed of Pakistan’s provinces – has some of the poorest citizens living in abject poverty. Even before the disaster, the people were lacking the most essential services and infrastructure. Their houses were largely constructed of mud – no match for the water escaping the dams. In some areas, the flood water level went as high eight meters and stayed so for some days, wiping out everything under it. Weakly constructed permanent structures collapsed as well.
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Unlike Thatta where most damage was wrought by the wind, the damage in Turbat district was mostly by water. The Surab Dam allegedly burst releasing water that destroyed everything in its path. It was the same story in Nasirabad where the Mirani Dam unleashed its water on the settlements below it. When the team posed the question “What destroyed your homes?” the unequivocal answer was “Water from the dams”.
The destruction in these places is comprehensive. In addition to human settlements, the waters destroyed roads, water systems, electricity, public buildings and indeed structures in its path.
While the water has receded leaving behind large ponds and patches of water, it has left behind its mark – virtually all water sources have been contaminated. The destruction is comprehensive and almost neat.
Health:
The pre-disaster health delivery system seems to have been feeble and inadequate long before the disaster. what ever the Government health infrastructure was in place at the time, had sustained massive damage during these floods. Although there are claims by the armed forces and the health department that they have provided medical assistance to the affected communities nevertheless, the three Union Councils (UCs) the team visited, depicted a different picture altogether. The team witnessed a severe lack of health services including health personnel, medicine and medical supplies, medical equipment and an extremely unhygienic environment. The services that were available were not only inadequate but highly inefficient. The team saw no effort made to address the health needs and concerns of the women and children. In about 85% of the health units visited, there was no female staff on board thus rendering more then 50% of population without health care services. Access to the Secondary and Tertiary Health Care Service for the patient seemed extremely difficult and on top of it, there are no ambulances available at any of the health facilities visited. The team was later informed by the EDO Health that there is only one ambulance available for the whole district. A serious effort is needed to reach out to these communities in order to provide them with a reasonable level of health cover.
The team saw one camp near the airport hurriedly put up by the military. It was widely criticized by the people the team met in the field and in the media as a whitewash. This camp was only established a few days back to facilitate the visit of President of Pakistan. The team visited the camp after the president made his speech and left the people were still there and the camps were neatly set as if no one is living in them.
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Health Structure of District Kech:
Sr No: Type of Health Facilities Number of Health facilities 1 Civil Dispensaries (CD) 39 Rural Health Centers (RHC) 06 3 Basic Health Units (BHU) 25 4 DHQ Hospital 01 5 MCH Center 04 6 Leprosy Hospital 01 7 T.B Clinic (DHQ Hospital Turbat) 01
Problems Identified:
Almost all the water sources tested, are not suitable for human consumption, however the people of Kohs Kalat, Gokdan and Nasirabad are consuming the same resulting in increased water borne diseases.
Other major ailments reported are Diarrhea, Dysentery, ARI (Acute Respiratory Track Infection); Malaria is endemic (including plasmodium Falciparum), Skin diseases and a few cases of snake bite. There is one reported death caused by snake bite.
The vaccination for Cholera and Typhoid has not been carried out whereas the threat of outbreak of Cholera/Typhoid is there.
Due to food shortage and safe drinking water, the nutritional status of the affected population is compromised specially women and children.
The government set up of RHC, BHUs and CDs have sustained substantial damage in terms of damage to the structure. The three Room Danuk CD sustained heavy damage, the pavement is all gone, there is no incinerator and the environmental hygiene is extremely poor.
The same is with Nasirabad RHC which is occupied with the survivors and only one room is allocated for the health activities. Again, no female medical officer or Lady Health Visitor is there. There is no source of safe water.
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There seems to be a serious human resource problem. Among all the centers visited only one female staff (an untrained LHV) was found at Behman CD of UC Gokdan.
An acute shortage of essential medicine has been reported by all health personnel that the team met. In Danuk CD, Dr. Fida Hussain who is also responsible of Bahman CD informed the team that they do get medicine from UNICEF, EDO-Health for three months but the medicine lasts for less then one and a half. The team saw one antibiotic (Co-Trimoxazole) in Danuk CD.
The biggest problem is that there is no coordinated effort to streamline the services in order to avoid duplication or to fill the major gaps. The military seems to be at the helm of affairs. The team was informed by Major General Salim Nawaz, Inspector General Frontier Corps (IGFC) that the army is planning to establish 100 camps in Kech district. Each camp will house 50 families with the ratio of 10 members per family. We have no clue when this hypothesis will materialize.
Shelter:
The team saw virtually no house standing. Over 90% of the private houses had been washed away in Kohs Kalat areas of Raeesani Masjid, Malaki Bagh and BHU Kohs Kalat. None of the mud houses in low lying areas and in the path way of the flood waters remain standing. So thorough is the destruction that the team saw no human beings in some of affected areas.
To find people, the team went to the high areas where it discovered a number of “camps” that have spontaneously sprung up. Looking at their surroundings, one could see that every one of these people had run for dear life taking nothing along. The few “possessions around their new “settlements” have been dug out of the mud left behind by the floods and still bear the proof.
There appears to be no planning or design. In both Nasirabad and Turbat the camps have followed something of pattern in that they are either in government buildings that survived the floods or on higher ground. A large number in both places have opted to set camp at the sites of their former homes. Trees – however small – provide a gathering point for close family members. Old rags are being dug out of the debris and used as roof cover – often mounted on the tree branches to provide extra cover from the sun. All cooking or eating is done under these austere conditions.
The team saw a strange phenomenon where most of the brick houses had collapsed leaving the doors intact.
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It would look like the locations closer to the water dam suffered most damage.
Water and Sanitation: Sanitation Damage to Sanitation facilities is nearly total. All sanitation facilities (where they existed) have been obliterated. The team saw only one toilet in the Central Mosque in Kashkalat, Turbat. This was used by the faithful. It had no cistern so all water had to be carried from the nearby well. Since the well was on the same floor level as the toilet, there is concern about the hygiene. A turbidity test for the well turned recorded a normal level.
During focus group discussions, it was noted that:
1. Adult males and children defecate in the “bushes” at all times; 2. Women also defecate in the bushes but at night; 3. There are no bathing or washing facilities and therefore all bathing (if any) is done at night in the ponds of residual flood water; 4. All the water is contaminated hence bathing in it results in skins diseases which manifest huge boils and painful lesions; 5. Water borne diseases had been reported (see Health) 6. The use of soap and hand washing after visits to the bush is not observed due to the lack of water, soap and basic water storage facilities
The local culture which forbids women to expose themselves has added another rung to the difficulties women face daily as they cannot defecate during the day however much pressed. There is no vegetation cover to accord the women some privacy as the area is semi-arid.
Water Turbat has a network of pipes distributing Public Health Engineering Department (PHED) water to houses. The number of water schemes in the district is in excess of 107. Of these however, only 103 were reportedly functional before the disaster.
There is however no data on the post disaster status of the schemes. An attempt to obtain this information from – EDO (Executive District Officer) – PHED – failed as he was reportedly summoned by the military.
The team however observed the following:
• All water schemes have suffered major damage with pipes broken and exposed; • Most of the water scheme pumps have been damaged and/ or lost their power source; • Since there were many illegal connections before the disaster and many illegal suction pumps had been installed, the pipes are assumed contaminated until otherwise proved; • An undetermined number of hand dug wells and boreholes exist. The quality of the water in these is questionable as the few test carried indicate contamination;
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• So far high turbidity levels have been detected in most of the water sources. Further tests to determine the microbiological quality of the water have been ordered from a private contractor on sample collected by the team.
For some reason the water schemes were designed to exclude any storage tanks. Deep boreholes serve as the main source of water. This is pumped directly in to the water distribution pipe network. The team observed two small rectangular distribution tanks fitted with taps.
There is confusion as to the dimensions of pipes used for distribution. The team observed pipe sizes from 38 millimeters upwards used to connect to private structures. It is reasonable to conclude that many of these were illegal connections and point at an inadequate water supply prior to the disaster.
The team saw a well constructed concrete water tower with height to cover most of Turbat. On closer inspection, it was found to be virtually useless. Though supposed to receive water from the pump, there are two problems. The main pipe from the pump divides in to two: a 1.5 inch pipe and a 4” inch pipe just before reaching the tower. The 1.5 inch pipe is supposed to feed this huge tank while the larger one sends water to homes in a lower lying area. There is simply no pressure to lift the water in to the tank. The team is not sure it is entirely a design error.
Food:
There is a huge food shortage in the area. The destruction caused by the floods to farming may result in an extended food aid dependency. Some of the farming areas had the top soil stripped down to the rocks – making future cultivation impossible.
The team visited selling points stalls that were still standing and found almost nothing for sale.
Prices had risen as illustrated by the following table:
Item Pre-Disaster Price Post Disaster Price Chicken 180 300
Meat (1 Kilogram) 250 320
Rice High Quality(1Kilogram) 25 43
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Rice Low Quality (1Kilogram) 15 24
At Raeesani Masjid, a feeding centre operated by a certain NGO (Name withheld) may remain one of the most enduring most mortifying experiences ever. A large number of people sat waiting for cooking food. Though the cook – a good soul – stood working hard in sweltering heat, most of his sweat flowed in to the boiling food. It did not help that he with increasing frequency wiped his forehead and splashed the sweat all over around him – quite a bit of it ending up either in the rice he was cooking or the one stored on the huge casseroles. Around the food were flies feasting on the uncovered food. Occasionally a young boy would rise up to scare them but they would soon return. The water used for cooking had a thick shiny film of some substance indicating impurity.
None of the people served washed their hands before scooping the rice with their hands. The level of hygiene was understandably low but so is the risk of illness.
Commodity Trading:
The local commodity trade has collapsed due to the destruction of road links with Karachi and other towns. At the time of the team’s visit, no commodity ferrying trucks had arrived in since the cyclone hit the areas. This has created a great shortage of food in the disaster zone and outlying areas.
Recommendations
Health
Recommended that 3 mobile health clinics should be immediately deployed, one for each UC of Kohs Kalat, Gokdan and Nasirabad comprising of Medical Officer, Vaccinator, Dispenser and an Lady Health Visitor/Nurse) to provide emergency assistance to the clusters of IDPs without shelter and proper med care such as Nasirabad camp, Danuk, Malaki Bagh etc. Through these mobile units, essential curative and preventive services needs to be provided.
Female medical staff needs to be inducted in each team in order to provide access to the female patients who are reluctant to be examined by males.
Multi-Sectoral assistance in key areas such as water, sanitation, nutrition, food and shelter to be considered.
An adequate supply of I/V fluids especially ringer Lactate solution-1000cc with IV lines, sets and ORS to prevent dehydration can mitigate the situation considerably.
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Although no case of cholera and typhoid have been reported or diagnosed, because of no diagnostic facilities however potential threat of diseases-outbreak is present and before it is too late, immediate vaccination campaigns should be undertaken against these two potentially fatal conditions and outbreaks.
Anti-dote for snake bite cases to be provided along with other vaccines so that number of mortality can be decreased and controlled.
Fumigation is recommended on immediate basis to prevent communicable disease outbreak.
Vaccination for Meningitis is also recommended on urgent basis to prevent an outbreak of meningitis.
The mobile units can also strengthen near by health facilities which are understaffed and have limited medicines in order to provide supportive health care and to supplement the existing health care delivery system with adequate supply of medicine and vaccines.
Malaria is endemic. The malaria positive cases are on the rise in the wake of the flooding. Stagnant water all around provides a perfect breeding ground for the mosquitoes. Pre-emptive treatment is suggested to be undertaken immediately. Fancidar/Chloroquine tablets (and syrup for children) as first choice should be dispensed through the mobile health clinics. Distribution of treated mosquito nets to all people – including children
A Tent BHU need to be established in Nasirabad Camp as the RHC is totally occupied by the IDPs and the building is in pretty bad shape as well. The BHU can serve as a center to provide preventive and curative health services with male and female medical staff available on 24 hours basis. The male government doctors could be taken on board with the approval of EDO Health and a female medical officer and LHV/Nurse could be locally hired. The Mobile Health for Nasirabad can operate for this health centre and cover the scattered clusters of IDPs who may find it difficult to make it to the BHU.
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It is also recommended to have at least one ambulance that can be placed in Nasirabad that can serve both Nasirabad and Gokdan UCs. Kohs Kalat is in urban area and the patients have relatively easy access to the DHQ Hospital.
Our Local partner SPO (Strengthening Participatory Organization) could also be involved in a way that they can support the project by providing linkage to the government health system and with other local NGOs working in Turbat.
Close coordination with EDO Health and the Army to be maintained.
Water And Sanitation:
The team recommends a two pronged approached to the water and Sanitation problem in Kech:
Emergency Solution:
a. Secure all water sources especially the few functioning water schemes; b. Control the defecation using a dual approach of designating safe defection areas far from where it may contaminate water sources and (see f, below) c. Use of water bladders and water tankers to deliver water to IDPs and isolated groups of people; d. Distribution of water storage and carrying equipment such as buckets, jerry cans and drums e. Distribution of chlorine tablets with information on the application (attention must be paid to the results of the water tests which are currently being carried out); f. Undertake the clean up and protection of wells especially in areas hosting IDPs; g. Immediate distribution of a “Sanitation and Hygiene Kit” assembled in relation to local conditions; h. Immediate launching of an emergency phase of a hygiene promotion program
Long Term Solution:
a. Rehabilitation of existing PHED water schemes b. Introduction of storage tanks in the water schemes to facilitate water quality improvement (treatment) c. Use of existing water towers and possible construction of others to widen the reach of the water supply and possibly merge several water systems d. Consider tapping the springs in the nearby hill/ mountains in Nasirabad to establish a gravity water system that might be more cost effective and less prone to drought and contamination; e. Eliminate the illegal connections, illegal suction pumps and other water diversion setups that undermine the water pressure and equitable distribution. f. Set up emergency toilet solutions which may include pit latrines, a mobile latrines; g. Control the bathing in contaminated water by children and others
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12 SINDH/ BALOCHISTAN CYCLONE YEMYIN RESPONSE-Turbat
APPENDIX These are some of the areas we visited and the detailed account of the observations.
KOHS KALAT:
Raeesani Masjid
The population is about 1545 and is clearly engulfed in poverty. This appears to have been the case even before the disaster struck. Unemployment and low education standards characterize the area.
Shelter:
All most all houses in the area are damaged. Destruction to private homes which were mostly constructed of mud is over 95%. Flood water levels reached well above the palm trees estimated at 8 meters. Not even the brick houses were spared. One could see broken concrete beams, metals, and cement bricks in the debris. Some people had tried to rebuild the temporary structures from damaged material they salvaged from the debris. The result is structures so weak that they pose an untold danger to occupants.
Water: As mentioned above, the team found a well which was tested. The well is 50 years old and in a poor state of repair. According to Mr. Raja Abdul Ganfoor – whose home is adjacent to the mosque – the villagers depend on the water from the mosque for all their needs. They use jerry cans, buckets, casseroles and small cans to carry and store the water. The disaster has reduced the storage and carrying capacity. He lists water provision on top of his wishes.
He says if they had water he would put up a flush toilet for his family. He hopes the government will quickly pay compensation so he can rebuild his house.
Malaki Bagh Water: The team visited this area. Here the team met Mr. Yakoob Sabzal and others. As the head of a large extended family, Mr. Sabzal had bought a pump and installed on the family well. The well serves 5 households each with over 15 people.
So when the floods damaged his well, he had no option but to buy a new pump. The team found a group of workers “cleaning” the well and preparing to repair the shoulder ahead of installing a pump. The well cleaning process they followed is flawed. They were using small buckets to empty it and with the quantity of water exceeding the capacity the extraction, it is
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unlikely that the well could ever be cleaned satisfactorily. No testing had been done to rule out the presence of contaminants. Sanitation:
The family of Mr. Sabzal had toilet and like all others relieve themselves in the open. Again the team found the same restrictions on women defecating in public. The shortage of storage facilities could clearly be seen as the family used old and dilapidated buckets – some salvaged from the disaster zone.
GOKDAN
Danuk (IDPs in School) The team paid a visit to Danuk School late in the evening where a large number of IDPs is residing. Though an estimate of 40 men, 48 women and 60 children was given by the elders, a simple mental head count showed that there were over 400 persons attached to that school. The team was present when a motor vehicle brought in some cooked food. The driver suggested that there were over 1000 people.
Shelter: Gokdan, like other areas, was washed away by the waters of a collapsing Sohrab Dam. So thorough was the destruction that unlike other places, only the deep foundations of the houses that used to dot the terrain provided the only proof of the settlement. A majority of the people was however not living in the school but could be seen huddled together near the locations where their houses used to stand. The living conditions are appalling. The classrooms were occupied by families with very young children. But many of the children were seen sleeping outside under the open sky. With the monsoon rains soon setting in, one can hardly think anything more terrifying.
Again like other places, the casualty figures were considerably low compared to the destruction. Only two people died. When asked about this, they explain that they had been expecting it to happen and had time to run before they were engulfed.
Food: The food supply to the victims is irregular and depends entirely on the good will of well wishers. The man who delivered food during the team’s visit indicated that he does it once every two days – whenever he can get enough money collected from benefactors.
Water: The school IDPs depend on a shallow hand dug well without a top and which is obviously contaminated. The well is a source of their poor health (see elsewhere in the report).
It is apparent that this part of the town did not have piped water and was already suffering the worst effects of poverty long before the disaster.
Sanitation: The only toilet that used to serve the school is badly damaged – even with the padlock still on it. The IDPs here informed the team that they, like other people defecate in the “bush”.
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As noted elsewhere, the little vegetation cover was washed away by the flood waters leaving no “bush”. Defecation is therefore done in the open fields by male members of the family while female members are comfortable relieving themselves at night.
Health: Diarrhea, gastro enteritis, skins disease
Danuk (BHU) The team then paid a visit to the Danuk BHU. The BHU building - though still standing - just barely survived the flood waters. The area around the foundation is washed away leaving the building standing precariously. It is in this building that seriously ill children had to go for treatment.
The most common distemper ravaging the children is a kind of bacterial infection which causes boils in the ears and all over the body. These boils then burst releasing yellowish pus even as new ones sprout. Such is the pain that it is almost visible to the eye.
NASIRABAD
On the second day of the mission, the team decided to travel about 45 kilometers to the town of Nasirabad. The town of Nasirabad is close to the second dam constructed not long ago. Three rivers meet just behind this dam. The people of Nasirabad had for years lived in harmony with the river which would flood every year leaving behind fertile soil which gave the villagers an opportunity to cultivate and harvest richly. The river is said to have been one of the centers of early civilization. Archeological finds in the area point to a 4000 year old civilization.
There were fairly loud protests when the decision to construct the dam was known. The villagers argued that the dam would present a constant and fearful peril to their lives and property. As late as the 19th of January this year, a certain Pakistan Senator visited Nasirabad and was met by pleas from the villagers to save them from the dam. To be heard, the villagers had the message written out in bold Urdu letters and on a wall where the senator is reported to have seen it.
So it is the greatest irony of the disaster that while all buildings collapsed in the wake of the floods unleashed by dam, the wall with the strong message to the senator remains standing (see picture)
Nasirabad Camp / RHC Nasirabad
The team having been overwhelmed by the sight of Nasirabad, decided to find the survivors and talk to them. There were several locations
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where people had gathered. The team decided to visit the largest single camp which lies close to the High way to the new port city.
Here the team found a huge camp housing over 5000 people. These people are left to fend themselves. The living conditions were even more austere considering the unusually high levels of humidity arising from the evaporating water that had risen as much as 8 meters in some places over the ground.
Like all other places visited, “owning” a small tree or shrub where one could gather family and shelter from the hot sun made one very lucky. People had become very inventive in finding new forms of shelter.
Locations Visited by the Team:
Tehsil/ UC Visited:
• Kohs Kalat • Raeesani Masjid • Malaki Bagh • BHU Kohs Kalat • Gokdan • Danuk (IDPs in School) • Danuk (BHU) • Bahman BHU • Govt High School housing IDPs • Nasirababad • Nasirabad Camp • RHC Nasirabad
Places/Govt official Visited:
1. SPO Office-Turbat 2. Councelor Imdad of Danuk 3. Dr. Fida Hussain MO BHU Bahman BHU 4. Mr. Shahnawaz Nowsharwan (EDO Planning and Finance) 5. Qazi Noor Ahmad (EDO Community and Development) 6. Dr. Saleem Ahmad Baloch (EDO Health) 7. Dr. Abdul Latif ( EDO Health) 8. Dr. Ibrar (Representing Govt of Punjab) 9. Mr. Hafiq Mohammad Tahir (DCO-Turbat) 10. Mr. Mir Abdul Raoof Rind (District Nazim) 11. DR. Younas Ali (MO RHC Nasirabad) 12. Maj General Saleem Nawaz, (IGFC)
Any errors contained in the report are regretted.
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WATER TESTING RESULTS (INCOMPLETE)
Situation Report of Water Testing at Thatta Case 1. Hand Pump Water
Test No. Of S.No Test Name Elevation GPS Point Result WHO Standard Samples (Mean)
1 PH 3 7.8 6 - 8 300 µs 300- N: 600 µs Excellent 24°32.740’ 600- Good 1550µs 2 Conductivity 3 900 Fair 9m -12m E: µs Poor 900- Unacceptable 067°37.848’ 1200 µs >1200 µs 3 Turbidity 3 4 NTU Less than 5 NTU 4 Temperature 3 27 ○C
Case 2. Well Water
Test GPS No. Of WHO S.No Test Name Result Remarks Point Sample Standard (Mean) 1 PH Wells not 2 Conductivity assessable after 3 Turbidity flood 4 Temperature Case 3. Irrigation Channel
S.No Test Name Elevation GPS Point No. Of Test Result WHO Standard Sample 1 PH N: 24°32.740’ 1 8 6 - 8 – 2 Conductivity 4m 9m 1 1627µs 300 µs Excellent
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E: 067°37.848’ 300-600 µs Good 600-900 µs Fair 900-1200 µs Poor >1200 µs Unacceptable 3 Turbidity 1 6 NTU Less than 5 NTU 4 Temperature 1 31 ○C
Case 4. River Water
S.No Test Name Elevation GPS Point No. Of Test WHO Standard Remarks Sample Result (Mean) 1 PH N: 1 7.9 6 - 8 2 Conductivity 1 892µs 300 Excellent 24°07.791’ µs Good 300- Fair E: 600 Poor 067°38.259’ µs Unacceptable 600- 900 µs
3 m -9 900- 1200 µs >1200 µs 3 Turbidity 1 750 NTU Less than 5 NTU 4 Temperature 1 31.3 ○C
Case 5. Standing Water
S.No Test Name Elevation GPS Point No. Of Test WHO Standard Remarks Sample Result (Mean) 1 PH N: 4 7.2 6 - 8 2 Conductivity 4 1241µs 300 Excellent 24°14.312’ µs Good 300- Fair E: 600 Poor 067°36.304’ µs Unacceptable
0 m 600- 900 µs 900- 1200 µs
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>1200 µs 3 Turbidity 4 6 NTU Less than 5 NTU 4 Temperature 4 34 ○C
Situation Report of Water Testing at Turbat
Case 1. Hand Pump Water
S.No Test Name Elevation GPS Point No. Of Test WHO Standard Remarks Sample Result (Mean) 1 PH N: 2 7.8 6 - 8 2 Conductivity 2 1279µs 300 Excellent 25°59.415’ µs Good 300- Fair E: 600 Poor 063°02.006’ µs Unacceptable 600- 900 µs
148 m 900- 1200 µs >1200 µs
3 Turbidity 2 Less than Less than 5 NTU Two UC’s (Kosh Kalat and Gokdan) 5 NTU 4 Temperature 2 27 ○C
Case 1. Well Water
S.No Test Name Elevation GPS Point No. Of Test WHO Standard Remarks Sample Result
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(Mean) 1 PH N: 3 7.9 6 - 8 2 Conductivity 3 1451µs 300 Excellent 25°59.415’ µs Good 300- Fair E: 600 Poor 063°02.006’ µs Unacceptable 600- 900 µs 900-
119 m – 163 1200 µs >1200 µs 3 Turbidity 3 18 NTU Less than 5 NTU Two UC’s (Kosh Kalat and Gokdan) 4 Temperature 3 29.4 ○C
Case 1. Tube Well Water
S.No Test Name Elevation GPS Point No. Of Test WHO Standard Remarks Sample Result (Mean) 1 PH N: 2 7.8 6 - 8 2 Conductivity 2 841µs 300 Excellent 26°00.918’ µs Good 300- Fair E: 600 Poor 063°01.393’ µs Unacceptable 600- 900 µs 900- 1200 133 m – 178 µs >1200 µs
3 Turbidity 2 Less than Less than 5 NTU Two UC’s (Kosh Kalat and Gokdan) 5 NTU 4 Temperature 2 27 ○C
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