How Was Ibsen's Modern Drama Possible?
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Alexander L. Kielland
GUNNAR A. SKADBERG: ALEXANDER L. KIELLAND ”I SLEKT MED HELE BYEN ” KIELLAND OG HANS NÆRMILJØ SETT FRA LOKALHISTORISK STÅSTED 1 VIKTIGE BEGIVENHETER I KIELLANDS LIV - GJENNOM DATOER OG ÅRSTALL 1849 (18.2) Født i ”Huset ved Bredevandet” (18.4) Døpt i Domkirken (Magnus Gjør, sogneprest) 1851 (3.4) Broren Axel Christian Zetlitz dør 1852 (31.1) Søsteren Axeliane Christine Zetlitz blir født 1854 (25.3) Broren Tycho blir født 1855 (14.11) Søsteren Dagmar blir født Alexander begynner på skolen, ”Stavanger Lærde- og Borgerskole” på Kongsgård, ”Forberedelsesclasse” 1858 Oppflyttes i ”1.Fællesclasse” på Kongsgård 1862 (6.2) Broren Jens Zetlitz Kielland blir født (12.2) Moren, Christiane ”Janna” Lange Kielland, dør i barselseng (17.2) Moren gravlegges fra Domkirken, sogneprest Svend Gjesdahl. (18.2) Broren Jens Zetlitz Kielland dør på Alexanders 13-årsdag Farens slektning Inger Mæle blir hushjelp i Olafskleven 2 I løpet av september og oktober dør ekteparet i nabohuset (Olafskleven 4), Gunder Thorsen og Anne Christine Bruun Thorsen Alexander begynner i ”1ste Latin- og Realclasse” på Kongsgård 1863 (27.7) Inger Mæle blir Alexanders stemor (6.8) Farfaren Jacob Kielland dør, og handelshuset Kielland oppløses 1865 (8.10) Alexander konfirmeres i Domkirken (Svend Gjesdahl, sogneprest) 1867 (13.1) Forlovet med Beate Ramsland (f. 27.12.1850) (Alexander var klassekamerat med hennes bror, Peter) 1867 Examen artium ved Kongsgård skole, der Alexanders bestekamerat ”lille Marius” Giverholt, ble så syk at han må vente ett år med sin eksamen Opptatt som jusstudent ved Universitetet i Christiania, høsten 1867 1870/71Alexander tilbringer trolig deler av juleferien (des.-jan.) på Orre 1871 (om våren) Alexander får sannsynligvis vite at Berta Elisabet Aarre er gravid, og at han er faren Militærtjeneste om sommeren på ekserserplassen på Malde (14/10) Alexander blir far til gutten som får navnet Bernhard K. -
Howwas Ibsen's Modern Drama Possible?
Journal of World Literature 1 (2016) 449–465 brill.com/jwl How Was Ibsen’s Modern Drama Possible? Narve Fulsås University of Tromsø—The Arctic University of Norway [email protected] Tore Rem University of Oslo [email protected] Abstract One of the major renewals in the history of drama is Henrik Ibsen’s “modern tragedy” of the 1880s and 1890s. Since Ibsen’s own time, this renewal has been seen as an achievement accomplished in spite, rather than because, of Ibsen’s Norwegian and Scandinavian contexts of origin. His origins have consistently been associated with provinciality, backwardness and restrictions to be overcome, and his European “exile” has been seen as the great liberating turning point of his career. We will, on the contrary, argue that throughout his career Ibsen belonged to Scandinavian literature and that his trajectory was fundamentally conditioned and shaped by what happened in the intersection between literature, culture and politics in Scandinavia. In particular, we highlight the continued association and closeness between literature and theatre, the contested language issue in Norway, the superimposition of literary and political cleavages and dynamics as well as the transitory stage of copyright. Keywords Ibsen – tragedy – printed drama – The Modern Breakthrough – Georg Brandes – national literature – copyright On several occasions, Franco Moretti has highlighted the reverse relation between the geography of the novel and the geography of “modern tragedy.” Ibsen, whom he holds to be the key figure in this respect, is seen as belonging “to a Scandinavian culture which had been virtually untouched by the novel,” © koninklijke brill nv, leiden, 2016 | doi: 10.1163/24056480-00104003 Downloaded from Brill.com09/26/2021 08:35:18AM via free access 450 fulsås and rem and as causing the most heated controversies exactly in the “great powers” of novelistic production, France and England (Moretti “Moment” 39). -
The Figure of the Prostitute in Scandinavian Women's Literature
Scandinavica Vol 57 No 2 2018 The Figure of the Prostitute in Scandinavian Women’s Literature of The Modern Breakthrough Gisella Brouwer-Turci & Henk A. van der Liet University of Amsterdam Abstract Despite the fact that prostitution and the figure of the prostitute as represented in Scandinavian women’s literature of the last decades of the nineteenth-century is a significant topic, a systematic study on the role of prostitution in Scandinavian women’s literature of The Modern Breakthrough is largely lacking. This article, in which prostitution is conceptualised in the broadest meaning of the word, analyses the literary representations of the figure of the prostitute in the novel Lucie (1888) written by the Dano-Norwegian Amalie Skram, Rikka Gan (1904) by the Norwegian Ragnhild Jølsen, and the Swedish novella Aurore Bunge (1883) by Anne Charlotte Leffler. By means of close textual analysis, this article analyses how prostitution is represented in these three works and explores what factors were at play in causing the protagonist to be ‘fallen’ and with what consequences. The findings highlight the psychological and social implications of three unique forms of prostitution: prostitution within the marriage, a socially constructed form of prostitution as a shadow hanging over a marriage, and a relational form of prostitution parallel to a marriage. Keywords Modern Breakthrough, Scandinavian literature, women’s writing, prostitution, sexual transactions, Anne Charlotte Leffler, Amalie Skram, Ragnhild Jølsen 36 Scandinavica Vol 57 No 2 2018 Introduction Prostitution was a central theme in Scandinavian society and culture during the last decades of the nineteenth century and the first years of the twentieth century. -
The Father Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson (1860)
Reading Literature: Fiction, Poetry, and Exercises Based onLevel the Common Core State10 Standards Prestwick House Prestwick House Prestwick House Bjørnstjerne∂ Bjørnson: The Father The Father Analysis of “The Father” by Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson QUALITATIVE MEASURES QUANTITATIVE MEASURES Levels of Meaning Flesch-Kincaid and Lexile measures both place This “peasant tale” resembles a biblical parable and this story in the 3rd-5th grade band, based on their has the same type of impact and long-lasting effect. quantitative parameters. The story, however, is much Indeed, the main theme seems to be the importance more subtle in the topic it is dealing with than the of religion and humility in one’s life. There are other language and syntax imply. Students reading it only important ideas, though, including the relative lack for its simple plot will miss the significance conveyed of importance of wealth when compared to the love in that simplicity. It is important to keep in mind for and quality time spent with one’s family. There that, according to the CCSS in Appendix A, the Lexile is also the inner struggle of “man vs. himself,” as Framework and other measures “may underestimate the protagonist must face a harsh truth and act the difficulty of texts that use simple, familiar accordingly. language to convey sophisticated ideas.” Structure Flesch-Kincaid: 3.4 Lexile Measure: 730L The story is told by an impartial narrator in a simple, chronological form, so the point of view is third- person-objective. Therefore, readers can come to READER-TASK CONSIDERATIONS their own conclusions about emotions and meanings These are to be determined locally with reference based on the facts and the dialogue or, in some to such variables as a student’s motivation, cases, the silence. -
The Impact of World War 1 on Everyday Technologies: with an Emphasis on Transport and Communication
Downloaded from orbit.dtu.dk on: Oct 05, 2021 The impact of World War 1 on everyday technologies: With an emphasis on transport and communication Skyggebjerg, Louise Karlskov Published in: World War 1: The Great War and its Impact Publication date: 2018 Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link back to DTU Orbit Citation (APA): Skyggebjerg, L. K. (2018). The impact of World War 1 on everyday technologies: With an emphasis on transport and communication. In World War 1: The Great War and its Impact (pp. 233-268). Aalborg Universitetsforlag. Studier i historie, arkiver og kulturarv Vol. 10 General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Aalborg Universitet World War 1 Dosenrode, Søren Publication date: 2018 Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link to publication from Aalborg University Citation for published version (APA): Dosenrode, S. -
Norse Women As Material for Modern Writing
NORSE WOMEN AS MATERIAL FOR MODERN WRITING * RAMONA SIMU Ţ ABSTRACT. In the dawn of modernism, when most European cultural forums began to rede- fine the new structures of authority that better suited the social and political paradigms of their new turfs, the Northern countries were suddenly faced with original social and artistic move- ments prompted by the so-called “women emancipation”. In the 1870’ Denmark and Norway, this new wave was boldly christened the Danks/Norlsk Kvindesamfund (Danish/Norwegian Women Society), which is otherwise known as the next logical step towards restructuring social policies, while the first step was to legalize the United Left or the Liberal Party which support- ed the reforms brought on the continent by the international workers’ associations. Just like in the social sphere, these r evolutionizing ideas about women’s role in public and private life were promoted in literature by the contribution of already established male writers who gave voice to iconic female characters, and the case of Ibsen creating his Nora based on a real model is axiomatic. In what follows we will be looking at such “materials” in both masculine and femi- nine writings throughout 19 th century Norwegian literature, with a hint to the messianic, vi- sionary, realistic, and shocking perspectives that this sort of material had to offer to their re- spective readers. An important conclusion will be that the type of woman born under their pen name is not even remotely the fitting feminist profile of today’s novels; it rather mirrors the idea of normality which these writers wished for their country, and a reminder that social pow- er networks are superfluo us without women’s lucidity. -
Det Moderne Gennembrud Danmark I Slutningen Af 1800-Tallet Indhold
Det moderne gennembrud Danmark i slutningen af 1800-tallet Indhold 1 Indledning 3 Fremskridtstro 7 Demokrati? 11 Arbejderne 14 Fagforeninger og strejke 18 Storbyen lokker 22 Et grossererhjem 26 Kvindefrigørelse 29 Sundhed og seksualitet 32 At se verden som den virkelig er 35 Længsel efter et andet liv 38 Fede tider 40 Foreningslivet 43 Bristede drømme? Tekst Liv Cæcillie Grønnow Korrektur Charlotte Sørensen Redaktion Mette Boritz © Nationalmuseet 2013 Georg Brandes på Universitets talerstol i 1871. Maleri af Harald Slott-Møller. Indledning Den 3. november 1871 træder en ung, karismatisk herre op på talerstolen på Københavns Universitet. Han er velklædt, men man fornemmer, at han ikke tilhører det gode borgerskab. Det er forfatteren Georg Brandes, som skal holde forelæs- ning om hovedstrømninger i det 19. århundredes litteratur. Forelæsning- en bliver startskuddet til den periode i litteraturen, som kaldes Det moderne gennembrud. Det er Georg Brandes egen idé at kalde tiden og dens strømnin- ger for det moderne gennembrud. Idéen opstår, fordi han har et ønske om, at ville bryde med noget. Ordene »Det moderne« markerer nemlig et brud med tidligere traditioner og værdier. Selve ordet »moderne« kan forstås som »nuti- dig« – altså noget der sker lige nu, og som adskiller sig fra det, der var før. 1 Georg Brandes er internationalt orienteret og en rebel i det Køben- havnske akademiske miljø. Han kritiserer guldalderens romantiske frem- stilling af livet. Han mener, at litteraturen derimod skal »sætte problemer til de- bat« og fremstille livet som det virkelig leves. Han gør op med borgerskabets normer og moral. Dette viser han især i sit privatliv, hvor han har en affære med en noget ældre, gift kvinde. -
Julius Petersen Annotated Bibliography
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector Discrete Mathematics 100 (1992) 83-97 83 North-Holland Julius Petersen annotated bibliography Margit Christiansen Odense Mathematical Library, Odense University, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark Jesper Liitzen Department of Mathematics, Copenhagen University, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark Gert Sabidussi Dkpartement de math6matiques et de statbtique, Universit6 de Montr&al, Montrt!al, Qut?, Canada HX Y7 Bjarne Toft Mathematics and Computer Science, Odense University, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark Received 1 June 1990 Revised 15 December 1991 Abstract Christiansen, M., J. Liitzen, G. Sabidussi and B. Toft, Julius Petersen annotated bibliography, Discrete Mathematics 100 (1992) 83-97. This is the first comprehensive bibliography of Julius Petersen’s papers and books, covering not only his mathematical works, but also his contributions to economics, social science, physics and education. This bibliography is compiled from various sources, among them the biblio- graphy by Niels Nielsen (Matematikken i Danmark 1801-1908, Gyldendal 1910), J.C. Poggendorff’s Biogruphisch-Litterurisches Hundwiirterbuch zur Geschichte der Exucten Wissenschuften (Leipzig 1898, 1904), Dunsk Bogfortegnelse, and the catalogue of the Royal Library in Copenhagen. In addition, the following journals have been checked in detail for Petersen papers (however there may be contributions elsewhere that we have not come across): Actu Muthemuticu, American Journal of Mathematics, Det Nittende Aurhundrede, Forhundlinger ved de Skundinuviske Nuturforskeres M@de, Intermkdiure des Mutht?muticiens, Journal fiir die reine und ungewundte Muthemutik, Muthemutische Annulen, Nuchrichten von der Kiiniglichen Gesellschuft der Wissenschuften und der Georg-August- Universittit zu Giittingen (G&ringer Nuchrichten), Nutionul#konomisk Tidsskrift, Nyt Dunsk Muunedsskrift, Nyt Tidsskrift for Mutemutik, Nouvelles An&es de Muthkmutiques, Tidsskrift for Muthemutik. -
Christensen.Pdf
BERLINER BEITRÄGE ZUR SKANDINAVISTIK Titel/ Zurückbleiben. Tryk 1943–2001 title: Autor(in)/ Erik M. Christensen author: Kapitel/ »Ein Europäer in Berlin« chapter: In: Christensen, Erik M.: Zurückbleiben. Tryk 1943–2001. Berlin: Nordeuropa-Institut, 2001 ISBN: 3–927229–04–0 Reihe/ Berliner Beiträge zur Skandinavistik, Bd. 6 series: ISSN: 0933-4009 Seiten/ 239–255 pages: Diesen Band gibt es weiterhin zu kaufen. This book can still be purchased. © Copyright: Nordeuropa-Institut Berlin und Autoren. © Copyright: Department for Northern European Studies Berlin and authors. Ein Europäer in Berlin Als Georg Brandes im Juni 1914 nach New York kam, mußte die Polizei Tau sende von Menschen zerstreuen, für die in dem Theatersaal, in dem der däni• sche Kritiker seine Vorlesung über William Shakespeare hielt, kein Platz war. 1 Brandes wurde gehört, in der Alten wie in der Neuen Welt. In Skandi navien aber wurde er mehr als gehört, er wurde ein Begriff, fast mythisch: der unchristlich rastlose Intellektuelle, der Aufklärer selbst. Auch in unserem Jahrzehnt erscheinen seine Schriften in Dänemark. 1986 trafen sich einige hundert Philologen aus der ganzen Welt in Göteborg mit Brandes als Thema. Vor ein paarJahrenveröffentlichte ein führender schwedischer Literaturkriti ker einen Roman, in dem ein fiktiver Georg Brandes in einem heutigen Kon text die Hauptrolle spielt. Eine englischsprachige Einführung in die aktuelle Forschung um Georg Brandes erschien 1980 unter dem treffenden Titel The Activist Critic. 2 In Deutschland war es nicht anders. In der Kaiserzeit wurde er als der ohne Zweifel bedeutendste Kritiker der Epoche betrachtet. In der heutigen deutschen Wirklichkeit aber und in der heutigen deutschen Literaturge schichte ist Georg Brandes ein vergessener Mann. -
‖Det Begynder Næsten at Bli Beboeligt Ogsaa I Digternes Verden‖ – Samtidens Resepsjon Av Henrik Ibsens Lille Eyolf
‖Det begynder næsten at bli beboeligt ogsaa i digternes verden‖ – samtidens resepsjon av Henrik Ibsens Lille Eyolf Torbjørn Andersen Masteravhandling i nordisk språk og litteratur Institutt for lingvistiske, litterære og estetiske studier Universitetet i Bergen Februar 2010 Takk til veileder Eivind Tjønneland for givende samtaler og nyttige tips. En stor takk også til Universitetsbibliotekets mange hjelpsomme medarbeidere. T. A. II Innhold 1. Innledning ................................................................................................................... 1 2. Teater- og forskninghistorie ........................................................................................ 4 2.1. Lille Eyolf på scenen ............................................................................................ 4 2.2. Lille Eyolf i litteraturhistorien .............................................................................. 5 2.3. Forskning på Ibsen-resepsjonen ........................................................................... 6 2.4. Tidligere resepsjonshistorisk forskning på Lille Eyolf ......................................... 7 3. Resepsjonsteori og litteraturkritikk ........................................................................... 10 3.1. Noen teoretiske aspekter hos Jauss, Mucařovský og Vodička ........................... 11 3.2. Per Thomas Andersens klassifikasjon av ulike typer kritierier i litteraturkritikken ....................................................................................................... -
H Artikel Bertil Nolin [Artikel]
Bertil Nolin A CRITIC AND HIS NETWORK Georg Brandes as a Key Figure of the Modern Breakthrough in the Baltic Area States To what extent did the Danish critic, Georg Brandes, affect the break- through of modern literature in the Baltic states? This is a complex question and it is impossible to offer a satisfactory or complete answer in a paper like this. I intend to focus here on his role in the Baltic area states, in Poland, Latvia, Finland, and Sweden by - in the footprints of Brandes - taking my readers on a tour from Copenhagen to Warsaw, and from there to Riga, Helsinki and Stockholm. I assume that the influence of Georg Brandes was as strong in Estonia and Lithuania, but I cannot cover these two countries since I don’t master these languages, and so few documents have been available to me in German, French and English. Brandes was, in my view, especially suitable as a mediator between the Baltic states and Western Europe. He himself belonged to a small country in Southern Scandinavia, and, at the end of the 19th century, Copenhagen was the cultural center of the North. Brandes had an open mind not only for what was going on in the big European countries, in Germany, France and England. He was extremely well informed about the literary situation in Denmark, Sweden, and Norway, and during his long career as a leading critic he took a vivid interest in, for example, Polish, Russian, Belgian and Dutch literatures, as well. That is why he became a key figure and an inspiration to those who took the lead in the modern breakthrough of the Baltic area states. -
Ibsen's Nora Revisited
NO. 3 - 2005 NIKK magasin CHALLENGING GENDER NORMS IBSEN’S NORA REVISITED Fatherhood in Ibsen Idealised Fathers and Murderous Moms Fear of Falling NIKK - Nordic Institute for Women's Studies and Gender Research Photo: Leif Gabrielsen Why Ibsen is still important The year 2006 marks the 100th anniversary of the death of the Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen.Throughout this year, a wide range of events will be arranged all over the world, highlighting the importance of Ibsen’s legacy and providing opportunities for fresh interpretations of his work. Ibsen proclaims the freedom of the individual:“For me freedom is the greatest and highest condition for life”, Ibsen wrote in a letter in 1882. He has made generations reflect on fundamental rights and values. Many of the social and personal conflicts in his plays are still relevant, as are the gender norms he challenges when he lets Nora leave because she no longer wants to live the confined life of a doll. Even today, some of his texts are censured and some of his plays prohibited in parts of the world. Toril Moi, Professor of Literature at Duke University, USA and originally from Norway, says that Ibsen’s literary work is unique because he is perhaps the only male author of the 1800s who perceived the situation of women to be at least as interesting as that of men, in both a philosophical and dramatic sense.As part of the ten-year anniversary of NIKK Toril Moi gave a lecture at the University of Oslo on November 28 entitled “’First and foremost a human being: Gender, body and theatre in A Doll’s House”.