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‖Det Begynder Næsten at Bli Beboeligt Ogsaa I Digternes Verden‖ – Samtidens Resepsjon Av Henrik Ibsens Lille Eyolf

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‖Det Begynder Næsten at Bli Beboeligt Ogsaa I Digternes Verden‖ – Samtidens Resepsjon Av Henrik Ibsens Lille Eyolf ‖Det begynder næsten at bli beboeligt ogsaa i digternes verden‖ – samtidens resepsjon av Henrik Ibsens Lille Eyolf Torbjørn Andersen Masteravhandling i nordisk språk og litteratur Institutt for lingvistiske, litterære og estetiske studier Universitetet i Bergen Februar 2010 Takk til veileder Eivind Tjønneland for givende samtaler og nyttige tips. En stor takk også til Universitetsbibliotekets mange hjelpsomme medarbeidere. T. A. II Innhold 1. Innledning ................................................................................................................... 1 2. Teater- og forskninghistorie ........................................................................................ 4 2.1. Lille Eyolf på scenen ............................................................................................ 4 2.2. Lille Eyolf i litteraturhistorien .............................................................................. 5 2.3. Forskning på Ibsen-resepsjonen ........................................................................... 6 2.4. Tidligere resepsjonshistorisk forskning på Lille Eyolf ......................................... 7 3. Resepsjonsteori og litteraturkritikk ........................................................................... 10 3.1. Noen teoretiske aspekter hos Jauss, Mucařovský og Vodička ........................... 11 3.2. Per Thomas Andersens klassifikasjon av ulike typer kritierier i litteraturkritikken ........................................................................................................ 19 4. Avgrensninger ........................................................................................................... 22 5. Problemstillinger ....................................................................................................... 24 6. Overblikk over resepsjonen ...................................................................................... 26 6.1. Begrepene ‖omtale‖ og ‖anmeldelse‖ ................................................................ 26 6.2. Primærkilder: Utvalg, omfang og fordeling ....................................................... 27 6.3. Hvilke aviser og tidsskrifter publiserte omtaler? ............................................... 30 6.4. Hvem skrev omtaler? ......................................................................................... 33 6.5. Artikkelforfatternes helhetsvurdering av Lille Eyolf .......................................... 34 6.6. Omtalenes omfang.............................................................................................. 35 6.7. Omtalenes fokus og perspektiv. En skjematisk inndeling i syv hovedgrupper .. 37 6.7.1. Positive og negative omtaler ....................................................................... 38 6.7.2. Forbeholdne omtaler ................................................................................... 39 6.7.3. Refererende og analytiske omtaler.............................................................. 40 6.7.4. Instrumentelle og metakritiske omtaler ...................................................... 41 7. Detaljanalyse av resepsjonen .................................................................................... 43 7.1. Hva i verket får positiv kritikk? ......................................................................... 43 7.1.1. Replikkutforming og teknisk-kompositoriske kvaliteter generelt .............. 44 7.1.2. Bestemte handlingselementer ..................................................................... 45 III 7.1.3. Personskildring generelt og bestemte rollefigurer ...................................... 46 7.1.4. Dramaets forståelighet og neddempede symbolisme .................................. 47 7.1.5. Dramaets tendens eller idéinnhold .............................................................. 48 7.2. Hva i verket får negativ kritikk? ........................................................................ 48 7.2.1. Urealistiske elementer ................................................................................. 49 7.2.2. Symbolisme................................................................................................. 50 7.2.3. Komposisjon og intrige ............................................................................... 51 7.2.4. Personskildring generelt eller bestemte rollefigurer ................................... 51 7.3. Øvrige momenter som kommenteres ................................................................. 52 7.3.1. Alfred Allmers ............................................................................................ 52 7.3.2. Rita Allmers ................................................................................................ 53 7.3.3. Ekteskapet mellom Alfred og Rita Allmers ................................................ 56 7.3.4. Rottejomfruen ............................................................................................. 57 7.3.5. Eyolf ............................................................................................................ 59 7.3.6. Asta ............................................................................................................. 60 7.4. Hvordan fortolkes dramaet som helhet? Lesemåte. Graden av symbolisme. Slutten. Tematikk, fortolkning og tendens .................................................................. 61 7.4.1. Søken etter forfatterintensjon eller anmeldernes egne lesninger? .............. 61 7.4.2. Historisk-biografiske spekulasjoner over dramaets tilblivelse ................... 62 7.4.3. Et realistisk eller et symbolsk drama? ........................................................ 64 7.4.4. Synet på stykkets slutt ................................................................................. 67 7.4.5. Dramaets tematikk ...................................................................................... 70 7.4.6. Kritikernes konkretisasjoner av Lille Eyolf. Helhetsfortolkning med hensyn til dramaets tendens .................................................................................................. 71 7.5. Forholdet til resten av forfatterskapet. Kontinuitetsspørsmålet ......................... 78 7.6. Forholdet til annen fortidig og samtidig litteratur og kunst ............................... 86 7.7. Metakritiske innslag i resepsjonen ..................................................................... 91 8. Oppsummering og konklusjoner. Drøfting av kritikken i et teoretisk perspektiv .... 95 8.1. Positiv og negativ kritikk ................................................................................... 95 IV 8.2. Resepsjonens fokus ............................................................................................ 97 8.3. Fortolkning med hensyn til tematikk og tendens ............................................... 99 8.4. Litterære referanser. Brudd og kontinuitet ....................................................... 100 8.5. Vurderingskriterier og estetiske normer ........................................................... 101 8.6. Forventningshorisonter..................................................................................... 103 8.7. Ettertidens oppfatning av resepsjonen.............................................................. 105 8.8. Avsluttende kommentarer ................................................................................ 106 Vedlegg: Tidslinje 1892-1896 ........................................................................................ 108 Primærlitteratur: Anmeldelser og omtaler av Lille Eyolf i aviser og tidsskrifter ............ 110 Norske aviser ............................................................................................................ 110 Norske bøker og tidsskrifter ...................................................................................... 111 Danske aviser ............................................................................................................ 111 Danske bøker og tidsskrifter ..................................................................................... 112 Svenske aviser ........................................................................................................... 112 Svenske tidsskrifter ................................................................................................... 113 Sekundærlitteratur ........................................................................................................... 114 Register ........................................................................................................................... 122 Sammendrag ................................................................................................................... 132 Abstract ........................................................................................................................... 133 V Liste over tabeller Tabell 1: Antall oppsetninger av Lille Eyolf på verdensbasis ............................................. 4 Tabell 2: Fordeling av innsamlede omtaler med hensyn til medium, nasjonalitet og geografisk lokalisering ................................................................................................ 30 Tabell 3: Publiseringstidspunkt for avisenes førsteanmeldelser av Lille Eyolf målt i dager etter utgivelsen av førsteutgaven 11.12.1894 ............................................................. 32 Tabell 4: Artikkelforfatternes/anmeldernes helhetsvurdering av Lille Eyolf .................... 34 Tabell 5: Antall
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