Cell Theory and Prokaryote Vs. Eukaryote What Is a Cell?

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Cell Theory and Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote What is a Cell? Cell – Basic unit of living things. Organisms are either: Unicellular – made of one cell such as bacteria and amoebas. OR Multicellular – made of many cells such as plants and animals. Scientists to Remember Robert Hooke (1665) – Observed “cells” in cork Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1674) Father of Microscopy Saw tiny living things in pond water. Scientists Robert Hooke (1665) – Observed “cells” in cork Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1674) – Saw tiny living things in pond water. Matthias Schleiden (1838) – Plants are made of cells. Theodor Schwann (1839) – Animals are made of cells. Rudolf Virchow (1855) – New cells come from existing cells. Scientists Janet Plowe (1931) – Cell membrane is a physical structure. Lynn Margulis (1970) – Organelles were once free-living cells. Cell Theory Confirmed discoveries that all scientists believe to be true about cells: 1. Cells are the basic unit of life. 2. All living things are made of cells. 3. New cells are produced from existing cells. Microscopes Light Microscope – magnifies tiny organisms up to 1,000 times. -Uses light and lenses. -We use these. Electron Microscope – magnifies up to a million times. -Uses electrons. The Discovery of Cells before nucleus true nucleus Eukaryotes 1. Has a nucleus with a nuclear envelope 2. Bigger and more complex than prokaryotes 3. Have membrane bound Organelles (golgi, ER, lysosomes…etc) 4. DNA – double-stranded and forms chromosomes (highly organized) 5. Can be uni- OR multicellular organisms 6. Ex: animals, plants, fungi Prokaryotes 1. NO nucleus 2. NO membrane bound organelles (just ribosomes) 3. ALL are unicellular 4. Smaller than eukaryotic cells 5. Forerunner to eukaryotic cells (smaller and more simple) 6. DNA – single strand and circular 7. Ex: ALL Bacteria Similarities 1. Contain all four biomolecules (lipids, carbs, proteins, and nucleic acids) 1. Have ribosomes 2. Have DNA 3. Similar Metabolism 4. Can be unicellular 5. Have cell/plasma membranes or cell wall Eukaryote VS. Prokaryote Picture .

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Prokaryotes (Domains Bacteria & Archaea)
2/4/15 Prokaryotes (Domains Bacteria & Archaea) KEY POINTS 1. Decomposers: recycle organic and inorganic molecules in environment; makes them available to other organisms. 2. Essential components of symbioses. 3. Encompasses the origins of metabolism and metabolic diversity. 4. Origin of photosynthesis and formation of atmospheric Oxygen Ceno- Meso- zoic zoic ANTIQUITY Humans Paleozoic Colonization of land Animals Origin of solar system and Earth • >3.5 BILLION years old. • Alone for 2 1 4 billion years Proterozoic Archaean Prokaryotes Billions of 2 years ago3 Multicellular eukaryotes Single-celled eukaryotes Atmospheric oxygen General characteristics 1. Small: compare to 10-100µm for 0.5-5µm eukaryotic cell; single-celled; may form colonies. 2. Lack membrane- enclosed organelles. 3. Cell wall present, but different from plant cell wall. 1 2/4/15 General characteristics 4. Occur everywhere, most numerous organisms. – More individuals in a handful of soil then there are people that have ever lived. – By far more individuals in our gut than eukaryotic cells that are actually us. General characteristics 5. Metabolic diversity established nutritional modes of eukaryotes. General characteristics 6. Important decomposers and recyclers 2 2/4/15 General characteristics 6. Important decomposers and recyclers • Form the basis of global nutrient cycles. General characteristics 7. Symbionts!!!!!!! • Parasites • Pathogenic organisms. • About 1/2 of all human diseases are caused by Bacteria General characteristics 7. Symbionts!!!!!!! • Parasites • Pathogenic organisms. • Extremely important in agriculture as well. Pierce’s disease is caused by Xylella fastidiosa, a Gamma Proteobacteria. It causes over $56 million in damage annually in California. That’s with $34 million spent to control it! = $90 million in California alone.
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Matthias Jacob Schleiden (1804–1881) [1]
Published on The Embryo Project Encyclopedia (https://embryo.asu.edu) Matthias Jacob Schleiden (1804–1881) [1] By: Parker, Sara Keywords: cells [2] Matthias Jacob Schleiden helped develop the cell theory in Germany during the nineteenth century. Schleiden studied cells as the common element among all plants and animals. Schleiden contributed to the field of embryology [3] through his introduction of the Zeiss [4] microscope [5] lens and via his work with cells and cell theory as an organizing principle of biology. Schleiden was born in Hamburg, Germany, on 5 April 1804. His father was the municipal physician of Hamburg. Schleiden pursued legal studies at the University of Heidelberg [6] in Heidelberg, Germany, and he graduated in 1827. He established a legal practice in Hamburg, but after a period of emotional depression and an attempted suicide, he changed professions. He studied natural science at the University of Göttingen in Göttingen, Germany, but transferred to the University of Berlin [7] in Berlin, Germany, in 1835 to study plants. Johann Horkel, Schleiden's uncle, encouraged him to study plant embryology [3]. In Berlin, Schleiden worked in the laboratory of zoologistJ ohannes Müller [8], where he met Theodor Schwann. Both Schleiden and Schwann studied cell theory and phytogenesis, the origin and developmental history of plants. They aimed to find a unit of organisms common to the animal and plant kingdoms. They began a collaboration, and later scientists often called Schleiden and Schwann the founders of cell theory. In 1838, Schleiden published "Beiträge zur Phytogenesis" (Contributions to Our Knowledge of Phytogenesis). The article outlined his theories of the roles cells played as plants developed.
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Religious Scientists (From the Vatican Observatory Website) https://www.vofoundation.org/faith-and-science/religious-scientists/ Many scientists are religious people—men and women of faith—believers in God. This section features some of the religious scientists who appear in different entries on these Faith and Science pages. Some of these scientists are well-known, others less so. Many are Catholic, many are not. Most are Christian, but some are not. Some of these scientists of faith have lived saintly lives. Many scientists who are faith-full tend to describe science as an effort to understand the works of God and thus to grow closer to God. Quite a few describe their work in science almost as a duty they have to seek to improve the lives of their fellow human beings through greater understanding of the world around them. But the people featured here are featured because they are scientists, not because they are saints (even when they are, in fact, saints). Scientists tend to be creative, independent-minded and confident of their ideas. We also maintain a longer listing of scientists of faith who may or may not be discussed on these Faith and Science pages—click here for that listing. Agnesi, Maria Gaetana (1718-1799) Catholic Christian A child prodigy who obtained education and acclaim for her abilities in math and physics, as well as support from Pope Benedict XIV, Agnesi would write an early calculus textbook. She later abandoned her work in mathematics and physics and chose a life of service to those in need. Click here for Vatican Observatory Faith and Science entries about Maria Gaetana Agnesi.
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