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OSCE Secretariat and Ensures Implementation of the Decisions of the OSCE

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In 1975 in Helsinki, world leaders got together to sign a unique document that would revolutionize the concept of comprehensive security. The Helsinki Final Act was a historic triumph of cooperation over conflict, bridging the gap between East and West and setting the stage for the end of the Cold War. Forty years later, it remains the defining document that guides the work of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. This publication includes a historical timeline as well as spotlights on the different entities that make up the Organization in 2015. 197272 197373 197474 197575 24 May, Helsinki 8 June, Dipoli Geneva 30 July - 1 August, Nixon and Brezhnev End of Multilateral Con- 2nd Stage of the CSCE Helsinki reach a compromise sultations that produced continues. The Confe- 3rd stage of the CSCE and agreement to hold two the “Final Recommen- rence is divided into 1st CSCE SUMMIT. Heads of separate sets of nego- dations of the Helsinki committees and working State or Government of 35 tiations: the CSCE is Consultations” groups according to 3 CSCE participating States* to deal with political dimensions (baskets): adopt and sign the Helsinki issues and the Mutual 3 - 7 July, Helsinki politico/military, econo- Final Act including: Balanced Force Reduc- 1st Stage of the CSCE mic and environmental, • Declaration on Principles tions (MBFR) talks in held at Ministerial level: and humanitarian Guiding Relations between Europe are to deal with 35 participating States Participating States and strategic military adopt the “Final Re- © LEHTIKUVA a Document on confiden- issues (SALT I) commendations of the ce-building measures and Helsinki Consultations” additional chapters on (the ‘Blue Book’) by con- Co-operation in the fields sensus, paving the way of Economics, of Science to the ‘Helsinki process’ and Technology and of the Environment, as well as on 22 November, Dipoli, 18 September, Geneva Co-operation in Humanitari- Helsinki Beginning of the 2nd an and Other Fields Beginning of Multila- Stage of the CSCE. • Questions relating to Se- teral Consultations on The Conference follows 30 June, Geneva curity in the Mediterranean holding a Conference on the agenda and proce- End of the 2nd Stage of and provisions providing for Security and dures prescribed by the the CSCE. Draft Final Act a follow-up to the Co-operation in Europe ‘Blue Book’ is ready Conference (CSCE) October February Global oil crisis Nobel Prize winning writer Alexander Sol- 30 October, Vienna zhenitsyn is expelled Beginning of negotiations from the Soviet Union on Mutual Balanced May Force Reductions (MBFR) August United States and Soviet Watergate scandal Union sign Strategic provokes U.S. President Arms Limitation Talks Richard Nixon’s (SALT I) resignation THE CONTENT OF THIS TIMELINE IS SELECTIVE AND DECISIONS TAKEN AT MAJOR EVENTS ARE NOT EXHAUSTIVE 6 *See Accession timeline p. 128 7 OSCE ChairmanshipChairmanship THE BEGINNING The origin of the institution of the Chairmanship, and the post of the Chairperson-in-Office (CiO) lies with the Char- ter of Paris for a New Europe (1990). At the 1992 Helsinki Summit, the responsibilities of the CiO were defined as “the co-ordination of and consultation on current CSCE business.” MANDATE The OSCE Chairmanship is held for one calendar year by the OSCE participating State designated as such by a decision of the Ministerial Council. The function of the Chairper- son-in-Office is exercised by the Minister of Foreign Affairs of that State. The Chairmanship co-ordinates the decision-making process and sets the priorities for the activities of the OSCE during its year in office. It is supported by the executive structures © OSCE/Micky Kröll of the Organization. The CiO presides over Summits and the Ministerial Council. A member of the Chairmanship, generally the Permanent Representative, chairs the permanent Council. In order to provide work continuity and effectiveness over the years, the Chairmanship is assisted by the outgoing and incoming Chairmanships (the three form the OSCE Troika). ACTIVITIES The activities of the Chairmanship include: chairing Summits, Ministerial Councils, the Permanent Council and subsidiary FACTS IN 2015 bodies; co-ordinating and consulting on current OSCE Chairing country: Serbia business; providing the Permanent Council with required Chairman-in-Office: Mr. Ivica Dačić, drafts, reports and overviews; providing the Permanent Coun- First Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign cil with recommendations on specific issues; communicating Affairs of the Republic of Serbia views and decision of Summits, the Ministerial Council and the Permanent Council to the Secretariat, institutions and OTHER TROIKA MEMBERS field operations; representing the OSCE externally, in consul- Mr. Didier Burkhalter, former CiO (2014) and Head of the tation with participating States and with the assistance of Federal Department of Foreign Affairs of Switzerland the Secretary General; appointing personal representatives Dr. Frank-Walter Steinmeier, incoming CiO (2016) Federal and heads of field operations. Foreign Minister of Germany 197676 197777 197878 197979 9 March, Belgrade End of the Belgrade Follow-up Meeting (Concluding Document) 20 June - 28 July, Bonn Preparatory Meeting for the CSCE Scientific Forum 31 October - 11 December, Montreux 1st Meeting of Experts © CTK/DVORAK on the Peaceful Settlement of Disputes 15 June - 5 August, 4 October, Belgrade (Report) Belgrade Beginning of the Preparatory Meeting Belgrade Follow-Up 13 February - for the 1st CSCE Follow- Meeting to the CSCE 26 March, Valetta up Meeting (Decisions Experts Meeting on on the proceedings and Economic, Scientific and organizational modalities Cultural Co-operation of the Belgrade Follow- in the Mediterranean up Meeting) (Report) Civil rights advocates June December and dissidents rally United States and Soviet Soviet Union invades around the Helsinki Final Union sign the SALT II Afghanistan Act and create groups, associations and NGOs to follow up the imple- mentations of Helsinki Final Act commitments undertaken by their national governments (Charter 77 in Czechos- lovakia, Helsinki Citizen © BILL FITZ-PATRICK Assemblies in the Soviet Union and the USA) 10 11 OSCE SecretarySecretary General THE BEGINNING The post of the Secretary General was created by the 1992 Hel- sinki Summit declaration, in the midst of the CSCE institutio- nalization process, with the goal of representing and assisting the OSCE Chairperson-in-Office in fulfilling his/her duties. The first Secretary General, Ambassador Wilhelm Höynck (Germany), was appointed in 1993. MANDATE The Secretary General is appointed by the Ministerial Council for a term of three years, which may be extended for a second and final term of three years. The Secretary General‘s work combines political and managerial tasks. S/he acts as the representative of the Chairperson-in-Of- fice, supports him/her in all activities aimed at fulfilling the goals of the OSCE and participates in the meetings of the OSCE Troika. The Secretary General supports the process of politi- cal dialogue and negotiations among participating States. At the same time, the Secretary General is the Chief Administra- tive Officer of the OSCE and head of the OSCE Secretariat and ensures implementation of the decisions of the OSCE. S/he is responsible for presenting the Programme Outline and the Uni- © OSCE fied Budget Proposal to the Permanent Council and overseeing the management of OSCE field operations and institutions and co-ordinating their operational work. FACTS IN 2015 Headquarters: Vienna Secretary General: Ambassador Lamberto Zannier (Italy) since 2011 Budget of the Office of the Secretary General: €10,045,000 (included in the overall Secretariat budget) 198080198181 198282198383 18 February - 3 March, Hamburg CSCE Scientific Forum (Report) Madrid Follow-up Madrid Follow-up Meeting continues Meeting continues 25 October - (with interruptions) (with interruptions) 11 November, Helsinki Preparatory Meeting for the Conference on Confidence- and Securi- ty-Building Measures and Disarmament in Europe 8 September - 10 November, Madrid Preparatory Meeting for the 2nd CSCE Follow-up Meeting (Decisions) 9 September, Madrid 11 November, Madrid End of the Madrid Beginning of the Madrid Follow-up Meeting (Con- Follow-up Meeting © LUIS GARCÍA cluding Document) January December Andrei Sakharov, a Polish Prime Minister Russian scientist and Wojciech Jaruzelski de- human rights activist, is clares a state of martial arrested in Moscow and August law to prevent dismant- exiled to Gorky Lech Wałęsa leads the ling of the communist first of many strikes at system by ‘Solidarność’ March the Lenin Shipyard in United States announces Gdansk, Poland its boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics in September Moscow After weeks of strikes, the nationwide indepen- dent trade union ‘Soli- darność’ is established in Poland 14 15 OSCE Office for Democratic OfficeInstitutions and Humanfor Rights Democ MILESTONES KEY ACHIEVEMENTS 1990: Office for Free Elections 1993: Hosted the first OSCE Human 2001: Published the first edition of established Dimension Implementation Meeting OSCE Human Dimension Commitments in Warsaw, Europe’s largest annual compilation. It has since been 1992: Name changed to Office for human rights and democracy updated twice – in 2005 and 2011 Democratic Institutions and Human conference. The 2015 meeting was Rights and mandate expanded the 19th occurrence 2008: Issued the report “Human Rights in the War-Affected Areas 1994:
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