DOCSLIB.ORG

Restoration and Renewal Wallnerstrasse No

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Restoration and Renewal Wallnerstrasse No Issue Number 1/2008 Finnish Chairmanship: Tackling “new era of risks and opportunities” Madrid Ministerial Council: Underscoring the value of dialogue Armenia and Montenegro rid themselves of remnants of the past Restoration and renewal Wallnerstrasse no. 6 comes alive The OSCE Magazine, which is also available online, is published in English Message from the Chairman and Russian by the Press and Public Information Section of the Organization for of the Permanent Council Security and Co-operation in Europe. The he year 2008 is views expressed in the articles are those of the authors Tbound to put the and do not necessarily reflect the official position of the OSCE to the test: Our OSCE and its participating States. agenda is packed with Editor: Patricia N. Sutter a host of challenges Designer: Nona Reuter that hold enormous Printed by Manz Crossmedia implications for the ANNA LÖÖF Please send comments and contributions to: goal of comprehensive S [email protected] or [email protected] security across the OSCE/SU Press and Public Information Section OSCE area. OSCE Secretariat I am pleased to note that the participating States have given Wallnerstrasse 6 broad support to the priority themes presented by the Finnish A-1010 Vienna, Austria Chairmanship at the Permanent Council on 10 January and at a Tel.: (+43-1) 514 36-6278 well-attended retreat a week later. Fax: (+43-1) 514 36-6105 The work of the economic, security and human dimension committees is well under way, including follow-up action stem- The Organization for Security and Co-operation in ming from decisions at the meeting of the Ministerial Council Europe works for stability, prosperity and democracy in Madrid. The first segment of the Economic and Environmental in 56 States through political dialogue about shared Forum has just ended on an excellent note, having focused on values and through practical work that makes a the security, environmental and economic aspects of maritime lasting difference. and inland waterways co-operation. OSCE Chairmanship 2008: Finland The idea of a “quintet of chairmanships” is gaining ground. I am confident it will make an important contribution to planning OSCE Structures and Institutions in such areas as the fight against trafficking in human beings Permanent Council, Vienna and to the shaping of our role in bringing peace and stability to Forum for Security Co-operation, Vienna Secretariat, Vienna Afghanistan. OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media, Vienna The protracted conflicts in the OSCE area are of utmost con- Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights, cern to this Chairmanship. Foreign Minister Ilkka Kanerva has Warsaw wasted no time in embarking on a series of official visits to key High Commissioner on National Minorities, The Hague capitals to ensure continuity in the various negotiations. The OSCE Parliamentary Assembly, Copenhagen lead story in the OSCE Magazine describes some of these early Field Operations efforts. A major issue that will preoccupy us in 2008 is the fate of a South Caucasus now disputed cornerstone of security in our region: the Treaty OSCE Office in Baku OSCE Mission to Georgia on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe. And, lest we forget, OSCE Office in Yerevan our broad range of commitments in the human dimension, The Personal Representative of the Chairman-in-Office including election observation, will also need our close atten- on the Conflict Dealt with by the OSCE Minsk Conference tion. Central Asia In tackling all these issues, we should seize upon all available OSCE Centre in Ashgabad windows of opportunity for open and frank dialogue — thank- OSCE Centre in Astana fully, these are never in short supply in the OSCE. OSCE Centre in Bishkek As the Chairman of the Permanent Council in 2008, I very OSCE Centre in Dushanbe much hope that participating States will carry out this year’s OSCE Project Co-ordinator in Uzbekistan ambitious “to-do list” constructively and in the true spirit of Eastern Europe Helsinki. The Chairmanship cannot do it alone. If we are truly OSCE Office in Minsk sincere about strengthening the Organization and securing OSCE Mission to Moldova stability in the OSCE area, every single participating State will OSCE Project Co-ordinator in Ukraine have to remain fully engaged and pursue its business in a flex- South-eastern Europe ible and consensus-building manner. OSCE Presence in Albania I look forward to our joint efforts and to sharing some of the OSCE Mission to Bosnia and Herzegovina encouraging results with a wider audience through outreach OSCE Mission in Kosovo vehicles such as the OSCE Magazine. The articles in this issue on OSCE Mission to Montenegro the mélange-disposal project in Armenia and on Montenegro’s OSCE Mission to Serbia OSCE Spillover Monitor Mission to Skopje demilitarization programme provide ideal examples of how our OSCE Office in Zagreb work in the field is really making a difference. Ambassador Antti Turunen Vienna, March 2008 2 OSCE Magazine March – April 2008 March – April 2008 In this issue 2008 CHAIRMANSHIP ARMS CONTROL AND DISARMAMENT RESTORATION AND RENEWAL 4 Finnish Chairmanship steels 11 Armenia transforms mélange itself for “new era of risks and from ferocious rocket fuel to opportunities” friendly fertilizer Martin Nesirky Mikhail Evstafiev 14 Montenegro heralds new era MADRID MINISTERIAL COUNCIL of demilitarization 6 Intense consultations Patricia N. Sutter underscore value of dialogue Dov Lynch 22 Wallnerstrasse no. 6 DEMOCRATIZATION IN KOSOVO comes alive 9 The OSCE news beat: 18 Inheriting a rich legacy of Philip Hatton Connecting the dots on the electoral expertise from the international agenda OSCE 26 APPOINTMENTS Yutaka Ishiguro Drew Hyslop Front cover: A view of the contemporary wing of Wallnerstrasse no. 6, a few days after the www.osce.org OSCE Secretariat’s move in December 2007. Photo: OSCE/Mikhail Evstafiev Back cover: Open house reception for staff on 21 November 2007. © Ablinger, Vedral & Partner ZTGmbH March – April 2008 OSCE Magazine 3 Fast-paced, low-fuss Finnish Chairmanship tackles “new era of risks and opportunities” Belgrade, 5 February: The By Martin Nesirky from the front by promptly tackling certain Diplomatic Club was the protracted conflicts in the OSCE region and setting for a press briefing hen Finland took over the OSCE by welcoming discussion on how to increase by Chairman-in-Office Ilkka Chairmanship for 2008 and steeled the Organization’s efficiency through Kanerva and Serbian Foreign Witself to lead the Organization evolutionary reform rather than through Minister Vuk Jeremic´ before through a year of tough challenges and revolution. a meeting with Serbian exciting new opportunities, it vowed that its Other moves have also shown that the President Boris Tadic´ and watchwords would be “continuity”, “coher- Finns are not averse to risk. Its Chairman- Prime Minister Vojislav ence” and “co-operation”. ship-launching concert in Vienna’s august Koštunica. In Kosovo, the fol- Now it has been swift to sprinkle some Konzerthaus, for example, featured the edgy lowing day, Minister Kanerva other refreshing elements into that allitera- Iiro Rantala jazz trio, who were enthusiasti- held talks with Prime Minister tive mix. cally received by members of the Secretariat Hashim Thaci and other offi- To start with, it has demonstrated its and representatives of participating States. cials. OSCE/Milan Obradovic´ determination, in a low-fuss manner, to lead “We are not living in an OSCE vacuum but in a world that is entering a new era of risks and opportunities,” the Chairman-in- Finland’s priorities in 2008 Office, Foreign Minister Ilkka Kanerva, told the Permanent Council on 10 January. “I Conflict prevention and crisis management believe that this Organization can and will Action to check the illicit spread of small arms and light weapons continue to shape the development of secu- Developing plans to improve border management and security, including rity across wider Europe.” the border between Tajikistan and Afghanistan His speech and news conference allowed Enhancing maritime and inland waterways co-operation him to sketch out Finland’s priorities for the year (see left) and to identify the areas Promoting human rights (2008 is the 60th anniversary of the Universal in which the Chairmanship sees those risks Declaration of Human Rights) and opportunities. Combating trafficking in human beings, with a focus on identifying child The Minister said that the continuing victims and protecting children deadlock in the negotiations concerning the Fighting intolerance, including discrimination against Roma and Sinti Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Intensifying efforts to integrate gender issues into the mainstream of the Europe posed serious risks to common secu- OSCE’s activities rity in the OSCE area. 4 OSCE Magazine March – April 2008 T ARIA ET R EC S L IA T N DE I ES /PR O NK E AR Z A LA OL MYK “We should seek at all costs to avoid an The Chairman-in-Office, a veteran politi- Kyiv, 16 January: erosion of the Treaty regime,” he said. cian who entered parliament in 1975, the Chairman-in-Office Ilkka Kosovo — home to the OSCE’s largest year the Helsinki Final Act was signed, said Kanerva with Ukrainian field operation — would feature promi- that the security challenges now being faced President Viktor Yuschenko nently in the Organization’s agenda this made political dialogue — the OSCE’s hall- year, Minister Kanerva said, making it clear mark — all the more important. While it that he favoured the OSCE remaining active was natural for this dialogue to be heated, it there. should always remain respectful. He appealed to all participating States to Within a few days of his Vienna visit, co-operate closely with the OSCE’s Office which included meetings with NGOs and for Democratic Institutions and Human heads of OSCE field operations and institu- Rights in what looks set to be a busy elec- tions, he took his message with him on the tion year.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Genocides Andconflicts
    0 1 Genocides and Conflicts in the 20th and 21st Centuries Preface This book provides summaries of some of the mass atrocities that have occurred in the last hundred years. We have intentionally included conflicts that often are not studied in courses about genocide. We encourage readers to learn about these events for two reasons: first, when knowledge of these atrocities is not part of our shared history and memory, those who suffered, and their once- vibrant cultures and communities, are made invisible yet again. Second, it is important for us to realize the breadth of genocides across time and place. ‘Never again’ has come to mean ‘over and over again.’ Perhaps if we can recognize that genocide is a wide-ranging and repetitive scourge on the planet, we can someday reach a world without genocide. Thanks go to Jacob Simpson, Research and Advocacy Associate, and Amalie Wilkinson, Research Intern, for their work on this book. 2 Table of Contents Native Americans, 1492-Present ............................................................................................ 3 Namibia, 1904-1907 ............................................................................................................... 5 The Armenian Genocide, 1915-1923 ....................................................................................... 7 The Ottoman Christian Genocide, 1915-23 ..............................................................................9 The Holodomor, 1932-1933.................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Toolkit on Police Integrity New Chapter 000*:Layout 1 2/24/12 12:01 PM Page 2
    Toolkit_cover 2/22/12 6:30 PM Page 1 Toolkit www.dcaf.ch on Police Integrity new_chapter_000*:Layout 1 2/24/12 12:01 PM Page 1 Toolkit on Police Integrity new_chapter_000*:Layout 1 2/24/12 12:01 PM Page 2 DCAF The Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF) is an international foundation whose mission is to assist the international community in pursuing good governance and reform of the security sector. The Centre develops and promotes norms and standards, conducts tailored policy research, identifies good practices and recommendations to promote democratic security sector governance, and provides in-country advisory support and practical assistance programmes. DCAF gratefully acknowledges the support of the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the production of the Toolkit. The views expressed are those of the authors alone and do not in any way reflect the views of the institutions referred to or represented within this Toolkit. Cover pictures (top to bottom, left to right): © OSCE/Mikhail Evstafiev © 2007 Joi Ito. Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic license © Danish Police (politi.dk) © 2009 Beijing Patrol. Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic license © KEYSTONE/AP Photo/Schalk van Zuydam © UN Photo/Christopher Herwig ©DCAF, 2012 All rights reserved. ISBN 978-92-9222-190-4 Design, layout and printing: Valeur, Slovak Republic Published by DCAF (Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces) PO Box 1360 1211 Geneva 1 Switzerland www.dcaf.ch new_chapter_000*:Layout 1 2/24/12 12:01 PM Page 3 Acknowledgements Pierre Aepli, Senior Police Advisor DCAF (until March 2011) initiated the project, developed the concept and coordinated the writing of the nine chapters of the toolkit.
    [Show full text]
  • Enhancing Co-Operation to Prevent Trafficking in Human Beings in the Mediterranean Region Isbn: 978-92-9234-442-9
    Offi ce of the Special Representative and Co-ordinator for Combating Traffi cking in Human Beings ENHANCING CO-OPERATION TO PREVENT TRAFFICKING IN HUMAN BEINGS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION ISBN: 978-92-9234-442-9 Published by the OSCE Offi ce of the Special Representative and Co-ordinator for Combating Traffi cking in Human Beings Wallnerstr. 6, 1010 Vienna, Austria Tel: + 43 1 51436 6664 Fax: + 43 1 51436 6299 email: [email protected] © 2013 OSCE/Offi ce of the Special Representative and Co-ordinator for Combating Traffi cking in Human Beings Copyright: “All rights reserved. The contents of this publication may be freely used and copied for educational and other non-commercial purposes, provided that any such reproduction is accompanied by an acknowledgement of the OSCE/Offi ce of the Special Representative and Co-ordinator for Combating Traffi cking in Human Beings as the source.” Design: Tina Feiertag, Vienna Illustration on cover: Mediterraneo (2007), Acrylic on raw canvas 40x50cm, by Adriano Parracciani Illustrations on page 11, 19, 35, 41, 49: Tempera on brick 10x10 cm by Adriano Parracciani Photos on page 8, 10, 14, 20, 21, 22, 23, 27, 33: Enrico Para/Camera dei Deputati Photo on page 8, 43: Alfred Kueppers Photos on page 4: OSCE/Mikhail Evstafi ev Photos on page 32: OSCE/Alberto Andreani Cite as: OSCE Offi ce of the Special Representative and Co-ordinator for Combating Traffi cking in Human Beings, Enhancing Co-operation to Prevent Traffi cking in Human Beings in the Mediterranean Region (November 2013). The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) is a pan-European security body whose 57 participating States span the geographical area from Vancouver to Vladivostok.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report 2007 Annual Report Russia
    UNITED STATES COMMISSION ON INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM Annual Report 2007 Annual Report RUSSIA UNITED STATES COMMISSION ON INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM Annual Report MAY 2007 U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom 800 North Capitol Street, NW Suite 790 Washington, DC 20002 202-523-3240 202-523-5020 (fax) www.uscirf.gov UNITED STATES COMMISSION ON INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM Commissioners Chair Felice D. Gaer Vice Chairs Michael Cromartie Dr. Elizabeth H. Prodromou Nina Shea Dr. Khaled M. Abou El Fadl Preeta D. Bansal Archbishop Charles J. Chaput Dr. Richard D. Land Bishop Ricardo Ramirez John V. Hanford, III, ex officio, non-voting member Executive Director Joseph R. Crapa UNITED STATES COMMISSION ON INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM Staff Tad Stahnke, Deputy Director for Policy David Dettoni, Deputy Director for Outreach Judith Ingram, Director of Communications Holly Smithson, Director of Government Affairs Carmelita Hines, Director of Administration Patricia Carley, Associate Director for Policy Angela Stephens, Assistant Communications Director Dwight Bashir, Senior Policy Analyst Catherine Cosman, Senior Policy Analyst Deborah DuCre, Receptionist Scott Flipse, Senior Policy Analyst Julia Kirby, Middle East Researcher Mindy Larmore, East Asia Researcher Tiffany Lynch, Research Assistant Jacqueline A. Mitchell, Executive Assistant Allison Salyer, Legislative Assistant Stephen R. Snow, Senior Policy Analyst Christopher Swift, Researcher UNITED STATES COMMIssION ON INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM Washington, DC, May 1, 2007 The PRESIDENT The White House DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: On behalf of the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom, I am transmitting to you the annual report, prepared in compliance with section 202(a)(2) of the International Religious Freedom Act of 1998, 22 U.S.C.
    [Show full text]
  • Dayton +20 Bosnia and Herzegovina Twenty Years on from the Dayton Peace Agreement
    Issue 50 September 2015 Dayton +20 Bosnia and Herzegovina twenty years on from the Dayton Peace Agreement plus articles on: safe shelter, asylum adjudication, assisted voluntary return, resettled refugees, and the landscape of protection FOR FREE DISTRIBUTION ONLY Forced Migration Review issue 50 • www.fmreview.org/dayton20 Dayton +20 37 Interpretations of Annex 7: assessing the impact on non-returnees in the UK 4 Foreword: Addressing the legacy of violence Gayle Munro Valentin Inzko 39 The role of remote voting in encouraging return 5 Map of post-Dayton Bosnia and Herzegovina Djordje Stefanovic and Neophytos Loizides 6 Annex 7: why are we still discussing it? 42 Home after Dayton: IDPs in Sarajevo María del Pilar Valledor Álvarez Gruia Badescu 7 Political and social consequences of continuing 44 The compound effects of conflict and disaster displacement in Bosnia and Herzegovina displacement in Bosnia and Herzegovina Lana Pašić Wesli H Turner 9 Bosnia and Herzegovina 20 years on from Dayton 46 Prijedor: re-imagining the future Andrew Mayne Damir Mitrić and Sudbin Musić 12 Resolving a protracted refugee situation through 48 Mass evacuations: learning from the past a regional process Caelin Briggs Olga Mitrovic 49 Bosnia revisited: a retrospective on the legacy 16 Voices in displacement of the conflict Claudia Meyerhoefer Brad K Blitz 18 Property rights and reconstruction in the Bosnian return process General articles Inmaculada Serrano 21 Resolving protracted displacement through 52 Inconsistency in asylum appeal adjudication social housing
    [Show full text]
  • From Hegemony to New Geopolitical Competition: Assessing Russia’S Strategic Footprint in Central Asia
    FROM HEGEMONY 22 TO NEW GEOPOLITICAL COMPETITION: ASSESSING RUSSIA’S STRATEGIC FOOTPRINT IN CENTRAL ASIA Dr. Igor Torbakov BRIEFING PAPER 22, 6 October 2008 UL KOPOLIIT TINEN INSTITUUTTI UTRIKESPOLITISK A INSTITUTET THE FINNISH INS TITUT E OF INTERNAT IONAL AFFAIRS FROM HEGEMONY TO NEW GEOPOLITICAL COMPETITION: ASSESSING RUSSIA’S STRATEGIC FOOTPRINT IN CENTRAL ASIA Dr. Igor Torbakov Senior Researcher Briefing Paper 22 The Finnish Institute of International Affairs 6 October 2008 Summary • Russia’s conduct in the post-Soviet space in general and its policies toward Central Asia in particular should be seen within the context of Russia’s post-imperial readjustment. The notion of the sphere of “privileged interests” currently advanced by the Kremlin is a clear indication that Russia’s search for a new modus operandi with its ex-Soviet neighbours is a painful and, essentially, an open-ended process. • Moscow views Central Asia as an area of great strategic importance as it presents both considerable opportunities (due to the region’s rich energy resources) and serious threats (stemming from the region’s inherent instability and its proximity to volatile Afghanistan). • Russia’s key interests in Central Asia appear to be preservation of the region’s stability, strengthening control over the region’s energy resources, and balancing other major actors that are increasing their presence in the region – the United States and China. • The effectiveness of the Kremlin’s policies in Central Asia seems to be constrained by the nature of Russia’s current socio-political system whose key features are authoritarianism and rent-seeking. The latter prompts Moscow to act as a conservative rather than reformist force in the region.
    [Show full text]
  • OSCE Secretariat and Ensures Implementation of the Decisions of the OSCE
    In 1975 in Helsinki, world leaders got together to sign a unique document that would revolutionize the concept of comprehensive security. The Helsinki Final Act was a historic triumph of cooperation over conflict, bridging the gap between East and West and setting the stage for the end of the Cold War. Forty years later, it remains the defining document that guides the work of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. This publication includes a historical timeline as well as spotlights on the different entities that make up the Organization in 2015. 197272 197373 197474 197575 24 May, Helsinki 8 June, Dipoli Geneva 30 July - 1 August, Nixon and Brezhnev End of Multilateral Con- 2nd Stage of the CSCE Helsinki reach a compromise sultations that produced continues. The Confe- 3rd stage of the CSCE and agreement to hold two the “Final Recommen- rence is divided into 1st CSCE SUMMIT. Heads of separate sets of nego- dations of the Helsinki committees and working State or Government of 35 tiations: the CSCE is Consultations” groups according to 3 CSCE participating States* to deal with political dimensions (baskets): adopt and sign the Helsinki issues and the Mutual 3 - 7 July, Helsinki politico/military, econo- Final Act including: Balanced Force Reduc- 1st Stage of the CSCE mic and environmental, • Declaration on Principles tions (MBFR) talks in held at Ministerial level: and humanitarian Guiding Relations between Europe are to deal with 35 participating States Participating States and strategic military adopt the “Final Re- © LEHTIKUVA a Document on confiden- issues (SALT I) commendations of the ce-building measures and Helsinki Consultations” additional chapters on (the ‘Blue Book’) by con- Co-operation in the fields sensus, paving the way of Economics, of Science to the ‘Helsinki process’ and Technology and of the Environment, as well as on 22 November, Dipoli, 18 September, Geneva Co-operation in Humanitari- Helsinki Beginning of the 2nd an and Other Fields Beginning of Multila- Stage of the CSCE.
    [Show full text]
  • Economic Diplomacy and Connectivity What Role for the OSCE?
    Economic Diplomacy and Connectivity What Role for the OSCE? Stefan Wolff Institute for Conflict, Co-operation and Security University of Birmingham 2 Economic Diplomacy and Connectivity Chişinău Railway Station in the Moldovan capital is the starting point for a 180km journey to Odesa through the Transdniestrian region. The resumption of the passenger railway service Chişinău-Tiraspol-Odessa in 2011 was a significant step in a confidence-building process long supported by the OSCE. (Credits: OSCE/Jonathan Perfect) What Role for the OSCE? 3 Contents Acknowledgments 4 List of Abbreviations 5 Introduction 6 The Context of Economic Connectivity and Diplomacy in the OSCE Region 9 From the Helsinki Final Act to Ministerial Council Decision 4/2016 9 The Crowded Space of Economic Diplomacy and Connectivity in the OSCE Region 11 Free Trade Organisations 11 Multilateral Organisations 11 Development Organisations 12 Examples of Economic Diplomacy and Connectivity in the OSCE Region 14 Sub-regional Economic Diplomacy and Connectivity 14 Central Asia 14 South Caucasus 16 Western Balkans 17 Economic Diplomacy and Connectivity in the Context of Protracted Conflicts 19 Cyprus 19 Georgia 20 Moldova 22 A Role for the OSCE? Conclusions and Recommendations 24 Economic Diplomacy and Connectivity across the OSCE Area: Drivers and Factors of Success 24 Economic Diplomacy and Connectivity: A Future Perspective for the OSCE 26 Annex: OSCE Activities with Regard to Economic Connectivity 28 References 30 Cover Image: Flags with the OSCE logo in Russian, English and German in front of the Hofburg in Vienna. (Credits: OSCE/Mikhail Evstafiev) 4 Economic Diplomacy and Connectivity Acknowledgments My interest in economic diplomacy and Realising this idea has only been possible Bicer, Dagmar Caganova, Alexandra Dienes, connectivity was sparked several years ago with the support of many individuals and Samuel Goda, Jonas Graetz, Lala Jumayeva, when Wolfang Zellner of the Centre for OSCE organisations.
    [Show full text]
  • Afghanistan: a Lexicon Amanullah Mariam Amanullah Ruled Afghanistan from 1919 to 1929, First As Amir and Then, After He Changed His Own Title, As King
    Nº029 Mariam & Ashraf Ghani 100 Notes – 100 Thoughts / 100 Notizen – 100 Gedanken | Nº029 Mariam & Ashraf Ghani Afghanistan: A Lexicon Amanullah Mariam Amanullah ruled Afghanistan from 1919 to 1929, first as amir and then, after he changed his own title, as king. During his brief reign, Amanullah launched an ambitious program of modernization from above, which was cut off prematurely by a revolt from below. After inheriting autocratic power built through immense repression by his & Ashraf Ghani grandfather Abdur Rahman, who had reigned from 1880 to 1901, and his father, Habibullah, who had ruled from 1901 to 1919, he at- tempted to turn that power toward transforming the organization of both state and society. His many reforms included promulgating rule Afghanistan: of law through Afghanistan’s first constitution and the wide-ranging regulations of the nizamnamah; investing in education through liter- acy programs, study abroad, and the building of primary, secondary, and technical schools; promoting unveiling and the end of purdah A Lexicon* (the separation of women from society); encouraging intellectual exchange by fostering an active press, literary societies, and archaeo- logical missions; transforming the traditional institution of the Loya Jirga, or Grand Council, into a mechanism for public consultation; (*selective; associative; may include myth, winning Afghanistan’s independence from Britain, and forging new speculation, and rumor as well as facts) relationships with Europe and the Soviet Union; and large-scale ur- ban planning, represented in theory by the regulations for Laghman, Paghman, and Dar ul-Aman and in practice by the partial comple- tion of the “new city” of Dar ul-Aman, just to the west of Kabul.
    [Show full text]
  • Russia's Response to Terrorism
    Russia’s Response to Terrorism History and Implications for U.S. Policy Perspective - Nicole Mazurova i October 2016 BOARD OF DIRECTORS The Honorable Gary Hart, Chairman Emeritus Admiral William Fallon, USN (Ret.) Senator Hart served the State of Colorado in the U.S. Senate Admiral Fallon has led U.S. and Allied forces and played a and was a member of the Committee on Armed Services leadership role in military and diplomatic matters at the highest during his tenure. levels of the U.S. government. Governor Christine Todd Whitman, Chairperson Raj Fernando Christine Todd Whitman is the President of the Whitman Raj Fernando is CEO and founder of Chopper Trading, a Strategy Group, a consulting firm that specializes in energy technology based trading firm headquartered in Chicago. and environmental issues. Nelson W. Cunningham, President of ASP Nelson Cunningham is President of McLarty Associates, the Scott Gilbert international strategic advisory firm headed by former White Scott Gilbert is a Partner of Gilbert LLP and Managing House Chief of Staff and Special Envoy for the Americas Director of Reneo LLC. Thomas F. “Mack” McLarty, III. Vice Admiral Lee Gunn, USN (Ret.) Brigadier General Stephen A. Cheney, USMC (Ret.) Vice Admiral Gunn is the President of the Institute of Public Brigadier General Cheney is the Chief Executive Officer of Research at the CNA Corporation, a non-profit corporation ASP. in Virginia. The Honorable Chuck Hagel Norman R. Augustine Chuck Hagel served as the 24th U.S. Secretary of Defense and Mr. Augustine was Chairman and Principal Officer of the served two terms in the United States Senate (1997-2009).
    [Show full text]
  • Russian Intelligence and State Security Services
    Russian Intelligence and State Security Services From Wikipedia related-articles and www.tridentmilitary.com GRU GRU Generalnovo Shtaba Glavnoje Razvedyvatel'noje Upravlenije Главное Разведывательное Управление From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia GRU or Glavnoje Razvedyvatel'noje Upravlenije is the acronym for the foreign military intelligence directorate of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, (formerly the Red Army General Staff of the Soviet Union). GRU is the English transliteration of the Russian acronym ГРУ , which stands for "Главное Разведывательное Управление", meaning Main Intelligence Directorate of the Russian Armed Forces General Staff. The full name is GRU GSh (GRU Generalnovo Shtaba (or "GenShtaba"), i.e. "GRU of the General Staff"). The GRU is Russia's largest intelligence agency. It deploys six times as many agents in foreign countries as the SVR which is the KGB intelligence successor. It also commanded 25,000 spetsnaz troops in 1997. [1] The current GRU Director is General of the Army Valentin Vladimirovich Korabelnikov. History The GRU was created in 1918 by the Bolshevik Communist Party under Lenin, and given the task of handling all military intelligence, particularly the collection of intelligence of military or political significance from sources outside the Soviet Union. The GRU operated residencies all over the world, along with the SIGINT (signals intelligence) station in Lourdes, Cuba, and throughout the former Soviet bloc countries, especially in Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia. The first head of the GRU was Janis Karlovich Berzin, a Latvian Communist and former member of the Cheka, who remained in the post until 28 November 1937, when he was arrested and subsequently liquidated during Stalin's purges.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report 2020
    Annual Report 2020 An SMM patrol on the road near Bohdanivka, inside the Disengagement Area near Petrivske, Donetsk region (OSCE/Germain Groll) The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe is THE WORLD’S LARGEST REGIONAL SECURITY ORGANIZATION working to ensure peace and stability for more than a billion people between Vancouver and Vladivostok. FOLLOW US ON facebook.com/osce.org twitter.com/OSCE youtube.com/user/osce linkedin.com/company/osce instagram.com/osceorg Published by the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) Communications and Media Relations Section Office of the Secretary General OSCE Secretariat Wallnerstrasse 6 1010 Vienna Austria www.osce.org ©OSCE 2021 The OSCE Annual Report on OSCE activities and achievements is prepared and submitted by the OSCE Secretary General. The content of this publication does not necessarily reflect the views of all OSCE participating States. All rights reserved. The contents of this publication may be freely used and copied for educational and other non-commercial purposes, provided that any such reproduction is accompanied by an acknowledgement of the OSCE as the source. ISBN 978-3-903128-77-4 Editor: Sandra Sacchetti Infographics: Fanny Arnold Layout: Imprimerie Centrale S.A Front cover photo credit: Germain Groll Printed in Luxembourg by Imprimerie Centrale Table of contents MESSAGE FROM THE SECRETARY GENERAL 5 FIELD OPERATIONS 59 Presence in Albania 61 Mission to Bosnia and Herzegovina 63 Mission in Kosovo 65 CHAIRMANSHIP 6 Mission to Montenegro 67 Overcoming
    [Show full text]