Lin Zongsu: Femminista Rivoluzionaria Nel Movimento Femminista Cinese

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Lin Zongsu: Femminista Rivoluzionaria Nel Movimento Femminista Cinese Corso di Laurea magistrale In Lingue e civiltà dell’Asia e dell’Africa Mediterranea Tesi di Laurea Lin Zongsu: femminista rivoluzionaria nel movimento femminista cinese Relatrice Ch.ma Prof.ssa Laura De Giorgi Correlatore Ch. Prof. Guido Samarani Laureanda/o Gabriella Viola Matricola 870921 Anno Accademico 2019 / 2020 “若其柔弱如故,愚暗如故,则金君此书虽一旦大动于世,彼辈男 子,慨然尽举畴昔所占据之权利,一一让与而还付之于我女人(…)” Se noi donne rimarremmo ancora deboli e ignoranti come prima, allora non importa se il libro del signor Jin scuote tutti gli uomini del mondo nel fare ogni sforzo per ritornare generosamente alle donne i diritti che hanno occupato, noi non avremo ancora ottenuto ciò che vogliamo. Lin Zongsu 林宗素 1 Illustrazione di “Lyn”, Marco Asciutti 2 INDICE 前言................................................................................................................................... 5 Introduzione .................................................................................................................... 7 Capitolo 1 ......................................................................................................................... 9 Il contributo di una giornalista rivoluzionaria al movimento femminista cinese. .... 9 1.1 Contesto storico. ............................................................................................................... 10 1.2.1 Biografia: Gli anni giovanili di Lin Zongsu. ............................................................... 17 1.2.2 L’incerta parentela con Lin Zongxue. ......................................................................... 20 1.2.3 Formazione della scrittrice e il viaggio in Giappone. ................................................. 21 1.2.4 La lotta per il suffragio femminile e il Nüzi Canzheng Tongzhi Hui 女子参政同志会. .................................................................................................................................................. 32 1.2.5 Il trasferimento a Nanyang e gli ultimi anni. .............................................................. 35 Capitolo 2 ....................................................................................................................... 40 Attività Politica. ............................................................................................................. 40 2.1 La visita presso il presidente provvisorio Sun Yatsen. ................................................. 41 2.2 I tre incidenti all’Assemblea Rappresentativa. .............................................................. 46 2.3 Il nuovo piano dell’Associazione rivoluzionaria per il suffragio femminile, Nüzi Canzheng Tongmenghui 女子参政同盟会. .......................................................................... 53 2.4 La negazione al suffragio femminile e la delusione. ...................................................... 58 Capitolo 3 ....................................................................................................................... 62 La produzione giornalistica di Lin Zongsu e delle altre rivoluzionarie. .................. 62 3.1 La trasformazione del giornalismo durante la rivoluzione. ......................................... 63 3.2 Caratteristiche della stampa femminile. ........................................................................ 69 3.3 La produzione giornalistica di Lin Zongsu. ................................................................... 78 3.3.1 Replica all’ “annuncio matrimoniale più civilizzato al mondo”. .............................. 79 3.3.2 Il Manifesto dell’associazione per il suffragio femminile, Nüzi Canzheng Tongzhihui Xuanyan Shu 女子参政同志会宣言书. ............................................................ 82 3.3.3 Il disappunto nei confronti di Sun Yatsen. ................................................................. 85 3.4 Il Nüjiezhong 女界钟. ....................................................................................................... 86 3 3.4.1 Nüjiezhongxu 女界钟序, Prefazione di Lin Zongsu .................................................. 94 Riflessioni conclusive .................................................................................................. 100 Bibliografia .................................................................................................................. 108 Sitografia ...................................................................................................................... 113 4 前言 本文以林宗素为研究对象,她是一位新闻记者及活动家。在清朝(1912 年)期间 林宗素动员起来改变中国妇女的落后和从属地位。林宗素从小就开始对现代化的 新思想很感兴趣,参加过各种宣传活动。为了继续她对新思潮的倾向,林宗素移 居日本,在日本她加强了她的革命活动。她增多次公开露面,意图推动妇女的选 举权。林宗素通过她的竞选、演讲和作品,成功地传播了一些主张女性获得一定 的自主性和从一些落后观念中解放出来的思想。她的文章证明了二十世纪早期的 妇女出版社采用了一种创新和现代的邮票。她的作品包含了民族主义的观点,促 进了共和国的建立,同时也将推动重新评价妇女社会地位。林宗素发起了一场重 要的妇女参与公共生活和争取妇女权利斗争的运动,这是妇女权利保护具体化的 第一步。 林宗素是一位现代、有远见、魅力四射的女性,也是一位曾经激励并将激励许多 男女的女性典范。本文共分为四章。第一章是林宗素传记。本章首先介绍作者一 生中体验过的历史事件,从清朝的衰落到第一个共和国的诞生。其次介绍作者的 人生,尤其是她的童年和成长的家庭环境及其作者的职业生涯和政治生涯。最后, 本章提供一个详细的传记简介,但是因为参考到的文献有不一致的信息,在此基 础上本章将得出一些结论。第二章的主要内容是林宗素的政治行为。本章首先分 析作者的争取妇女的选举权斗争,接着分析作者在临时约法起草的混乱时期所发 生的事件,然后讨论与孙中山总统的著名会晤(1866-1925)。最后,本章还进 一步介绍作者革命伙伴唐群英(1871 - 1937)的革命活动. 第三章是本文的核心 内容,因此介绍林宗素的新闻制作。记者的新闻活动是在一个旨在实现国家现代 化的运动历史背景下进行的。为了了解林宗素的政治行动,本章关注影响新闻界 的特点,特别是新妇女报刊的特点,这些特点得益于林宗素和其他中国记者的表 现。 本章通过林宗素文章内容的分析来研究她的思想。首先注重中国第一部完全集中 于女性问题的论文《女界鐘》,林宗素为其作序。其次将对该条约论文的内容进 行总结,这些内容涉及到维护妇女权利的非常重要的问题,如婚姻、教育、工商 管理和财产权。接着本章将对林宗素的序言进行分析,并对其进行解读。最后, 5 本章指出并分析该论文中出现的概念,以便理解林宗素和金天翮(1874-1947) 之间的共识是什么。第四章介绍林宗素所传承的遗产。首先展示林宗素的贡献, 尽管她一生中没有取得立竿见影的胜利,但她对后来妇女自由化的贡献,以及她 的政治行动如何逐渐影响到越来越多的妇女接近教育、独立和平等思想。此后, 能看到林宗素如何在文学中被记住的。最后,本文介绍对林宗素值得研究的主要 目的和原因。 6 INTRODUZIONE La tesi si concentra sulla figura di Lin Zongsu 林宗素, giornalista e attivista cinese che durante il periodo della caduta della dinastia Qing (1912) si mobilitò per modificare la condizione arretrata e di subordinazione delle donne cinesi. Ella si interessò sin da giovane alle nuove idee di modernizzazione e partecipò a diverse attività propagandistiche. Per portare avanti la sua propensione verso le nuove tendenze ideologiche si spostò in Giappone, dove intensificò la sua attività rivoluzionaria. In diverse occasioni apparse pubblicamente con l’intento di promuovere il suffragio femminile. Lin Zongsu attraverso la sua campagna, i suoi discorsi e i suoi scritti riuscì a diffondere delle idee che esortavano le donne ad acquisire una certa autonomia e a liberarsi da alcune concezioni retrive. I suoi articoli sono la testimonianza del modo in cui la stampa femminile di inizio Novecento adottò un timbro innovativo e moderno. I contenuti dei suoi scritti abbracciano una prospettiva nazionalistica, promuovendo l’istituzione di una Repubblica e propagandando, al tempo stesso, la necessità di rivalutare la posizione sociale delle donne. Lin Zongsu iniziò una campagna importante per il coinvolgimento delle donne nella vita pubblica e nella lotta per i loro diritti, che fu il primo passo verso la concretizzazione della tutela delle donne. Crediamo che la figura di Lin Zongsu sia quella di una donna moderna, visionaria e affascinante che merita di essere ricordata. In lei riconosciamo un modello di donna che ha ispirato e potrà ispirare donne e uomini. L’elaborato è diviso in quattro capitoli. Il primo capitolo è dedicato alla biografia di Lin Zongsu. Verrà prima fornito un riepilogo degli avvenimenti storici più importanti che caratterizzarono la vita della scrittrice, dalla caduta dell’ultima dinastia mancese fino alla fase successiva in cui nacque la prima Repubblica. Verrà presentata la vita della scrittrice. Ci soffermeremo prima sugli aspetti che riguardano la sua infanzia e il contesto familiare in cui crebbe e poi sulla sua carriera professionale e politica. Forniremo un profilo biografico il più dettagliato possibile e trarremo delle conclusioni dalle incongruenze tra le varie fonti. Nel secondo capitolo ci soffermeremo sull’azione politica della scrittrice. Analizzeremo la sua battaglia verbale per il suffragio femminile. Ripercorreremo le vicende che 7 coinvolsero la giornalista durante il periodo caotico nel quale si stava compilando la Costituzione Provvisoria e verrà approfondito il celebre incontro con il presidente Sun Yatsen (1866 - 1925, conosciuto anche come Sun Zhongshan 孙中山). Discuteremo, inoltre, le conseguenti manifestazioni della compagna rivoluzionaria Tang Qunying 唐 群英 (1871 - 1937), la quale prese le redini dell’associazione femminile di Lin Zongsu estendendola ad un’associazione più forte e più grande. Nel terzo capitolo verrà dato spazio alla produzione giornalistica di Lin Zongsu. L’attività della giornalista si inquadra in un contesto storico caratterizzato da movimenti tesi alla modernizzazione della nazione. Al fine di contestualizzare l’azione politica di Lin Zongsu volgeremo l’attenzione agli aspetti che interessarono la stampa e in particolare alle caratteristiche della nuova stampa femminile, che si fece strada grazie alla prestazione di Lin Zongsu e delle altre giornaliste cinesi. Studieremo le idee di Lin Zongsu analizzando il contenuto di alcuni suoi articoli. Ci soffermeremo sul primo trattato cinese dedicato interamente alla questione femminile, il Nüjiezhong 女界鐘, ‘La campana del mondo femminile’, di cui Lin Zongsu scrisse la prefazione. Verrà riassunto il contenuto del trattato, che riguardava temi molto importanti per la difesa dei diritti femminili, come il matrimonio, l’istruzione, l’amministrazione degli affari e il diritto di proprietà. Verrà poi analizzata la prefazione di Lin Zongsu e daremo una nostra interpretazione al testo. Puntualizzeremo la concezione che emerge dal trattato e vedremo quali
Recommended publications
  • View / Download 7.3 Mb
    Between Shanghai and Mecca: Diaspora and Diplomacy of Chinese Muslims in the Twentieth Century by Janice Hyeju Jeong Department of History Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Engseng Ho, Advisor ___________________________ Prasenjit Duara, Advisor ___________________________ Nicole Barnes ___________________________ Adam Mestyan ___________________________ Cemil Aydin Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History in the Graduate School of Duke University 2019 ABSTRACT Between Shanghai and Mecca: Diaspora and Diplomacy of Chinese Muslims in the Twentieth Century by Janice Hyeju Jeong Department of History Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Engseng Ho, Advisor ___________________________ Prasenjit Duara, Advisor ___________________________ Nicole Barnes ___________________________ Adam Mestyan ___________________________ Cemil Aydin An abstract of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, in the Department of History in the Graduate School of Duke University 2019 Copyright by Janice Hyeju Jeong 2019 Abstract While China’s recent Belt and the Road Initiative and its expansion across Eurasia is garnering public and scholarly attention, this dissertation recasts the space of Eurasia as one connected through historic Islamic networks between Mecca and China. Specifically, I show that eruptions of
    [Show full text]
  • Re-Evaluating the Communist Guomindang Split of 1927
    University of South Florida Scholar Commons Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate School March 2019 Nationalism and the Communists: Re-Evaluating the Communist Guomindang Split of 1927 Ryan C. Ferro University of South Florida, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd Part of the History Commons Scholar Commons Citation Ferro, Ryan C., "Nationalism and the Communists: Re-Evaluating the Communist Guomindang Split of 1927" (2019). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7785 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Nationalism and the Communists: Re-Evaluating the Communist-Guomindang Split of 1927 by Ryan C. Ferro A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Department of History College of Arts and Sciences University of South Florida Co-MaJor Professor: Golfo Alexopoulos, Ph.D. Co-MaJor Professor: Kees Boterbloem, Ph.D. Iwa Nawrocki, Ph.D. Date of Approval: March 8, 2019 Keywords: United Front, Modern China, Revolution, Mao, Jiang Copyright © 2019, Ryan C. Ferro i Table of Contents Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………….…...ii Chapter One: Introduction…..…………...………………………………………………...……...1 1920s China-Historiographical Overview………………………………………...………5 China’s Long
    [Show full text]
  • China and Islam: the Prophet, the Party, and Law Matthew S
    Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-05337-3 - China and Islam: The Prophet, the Party, and Law Matthew S. Erie Index More information INDEX Abstracts of the Record of the Civil and Commercial B a f a n g H u i Affairs Customs Survey (Minshang shi B a f a n g h u a l o c a l d i a l e c t o f 3 6 – 3 7 , 8 7 , 1 8 2 xiguan diaocha baogao lu) 5 9 – 6 1 a s a s u b s e t o f L i n x i a H u i 8 7 Accounts of India and China (Akhbar al-Sin wa-l- Bank of Ningxia (BON) Hind) ( a l - T a j i r ) 2 7 , 4 7 – 4 9 China-Arab States Economic and Trade A g a m b e n , G i o r g i o 1 7 , 3 3 , 3 8 , 1 5 4 , 1 7 5 , 1 8 8 , F o r u m 2 9 7 – 9 9 2 6 1 , 3 0 7 , 3 1 7 , 3 2 4 , 3 3 8 i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m m u n i t y , e n g a g e m e n t w i t h a g e f o r m a r r i a g e 2 2 8 – 3 4 2 9 6 – 3 0 2 ahong (Ar.
    [Show full text]
  • Le Xidaotang : Processus De Légitimation D’Un Nouveau Courant De L’Islam Chinois Au Début Du XX E Siècle Dans Le Sud Du Gansu Marie-Paule Hille
    Le Xidaotang : processus de légitimation d’un nouveau courant de l’islam chinois au début du XX e siècle dans le Sud du Gansu Marie-Paule Hille To cite this version: Marie-Paule Hille. Le Xidaotang : processus de légitimation d’un nouveau courant de l’islam chinois au début du XX e siècle dans le Sud du Gansu. Études Chinoises, Association française d’études chinoises, 2008, XXVII, pp.118-145. hal-01585910 HAL Id: hal-01585910 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01585910 Submitted on 12 Sep 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Le Xidaotang : processus de légitimation d’un nouveau courant de l’islam chinois au début du XXe siècle dans le Sud du Gansu 1 Marie-Paule Hille * Le 19 mai 1914, Ma Qixi 馬啟西 (1857-1914), fondateur du Xidaotang 西 道堂, est assassiné avec 17 de ses disciples dans les environs de Taozhou Jiucheng 洮州舊城 2 à Xihetan 西河灘, sur les berges de la rivière Tao 洮 河 dans la province du Gansu, par les troupes de Ma Anliang 馬安良 (1855-1919). Cet épisode atteste l’extraordinaire résistance au changement dont fait preuve la société musulmane locale.
    [Show full text]
  • Reconsideration of the Huangpu Military Academy and the Huangpu Spirit
    Journal of Politics and Law; Vol. 6, No. 2; 2013 ISSN 1913-9047 E-ISSN 1913-9055 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education Reconsideration of the Huangpu Military Academy and the Huangpu Spirit Zhimin Lei1 1 College of Politics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China Correspondence: Zhimin Lei, College of Politics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China. E-mail: [email protected] Received: March 2, 2013 Accepted: March 13, 2013 Online Published: May 30, 2013 doi:10.5539/jpl.v6n2p163 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v6n2p163 Abstract Huangpu Military Academy is an outcome of cooperation between the two parties of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of China and the spirit of Huangpu is an achievement of common cultivation of the two parties. In the new situation, a review of the establishment of Huangpu Military Academy and carrying forward the spirit of Huangpu is of important realistic significance to promote rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Keywords: Huangpu Military Academy, Huangpu spirit, rejuvenation of the Chinese nation Huangpu Military Academy was established during the first Kuomintang-Communist cooperation period. At the times of the first revolutionary civil war, as Huangpu Military Academy was the first to break down the limitations between different parties and doctrines, to dedicate to common efforts by the two parties of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, to realize the struggling target of “overthrowing big powers, eliminating warlord” and unifying the great China,
    [Show full text]
  • China's Developing Western Region with a Focus on Qinghai
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Helsingin yliopiston digitaalinen arkisto Anja Lahtinen GOVERNANCE MATTERS CHINA’S DEVELOPING WESTERN REGION WITH A FOCUS ON QINGHAI PROVINCE ACADEMIC DISSERTATION To be publicly discussed, by due permission of the Faculty of Arts at the University of Helsinki, in Auditorium XII, Unioninkatu 34, on the 8th of December, 2010, at 2 pm. Publications of the Institute for Asian and African Studies 11 ISBN 978-952-10-6679-5 (printed) ISBN 978-952-10-6680-1 (PDF) http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/ ISSN 1458-5359 Helsinki University Print Helsinki 2010 AKNOWLEDGEMENTS This doctoral dissertation is like a journey that began in 1986 with my first visit to China. I have witnessed how China has changed from being a poor country to one of the most powerful economies in the world. With my academic endeavors I have deepened my knowledge about its history, culture, language, and governance. Completing this dissertation would have been impossible without the support of academic colleagues, friends and family. I sincerely thank Professor Juha Janhunen, at the Department of World Cultures, Asian and African Studies at the University of Helsinki, for his valuable feedback and suggestions. I am also thankful for being a participant in the “Ethnic Interaction and Adaptation in Amdo Qinghai” project supported by the Academy of Finland and headed by Professor Janhunen. I express my gratitude to my supervisors Professor Kauko Laitinen at the Confucius Institute of Helsinki University for his advice and encouragement throughout the study process. Professor Lim Hua Sing at Waseda University in Japan provided me perspectives for developing the methodology for my PhD, thus greatly assisting my work in the preliminary phase.
    [Show full text]
  • Fam山ar Strangers a History of Muslims in Northwest China
    Fam山ar Strangers A History of Muslims in Northwest China JONATHAN N. LIPMAN 香港大 學出版社 H ONG K ONG UNIVERSITY P RESS Hong Kong University Press 14/F Hing Wai Centre 7 Tin Wan Praya Road Aberdeen Hong Kong ©University of Washington Press, Seattle, 1997 This edition first published 1998 ISBN 962 209 468 6 This soft cover edition published by Hong Kong University Press is available in Asia, Australia, and New Zealand. All rights reserved. No portion of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage O 「 「etrieval system, without permission in writing from the Publisher. Cover illustration: Muslim child with bone 九 late ’, inscribed with Arabic lesson. Photograph by the Ref. Claude Pickens,此, c. 1930s. Pickens Collection, Harvard-Yenching Library, Harvard University Printed in Hong Kong by United League Graphic & Printing Co. Ltd. Conten 臼 L 電 et dkM司 PApa U a List of illustrations x Acknowledgments XII Preface xv Introduction: Pu中oses and Form of a Muslim History in China xvii 1 I The Frontier Ground and Peoples of Northwest China 3 2 I Acculturation and Accommodation: China’s Muslims to 由c Seventeenth Century 24 3 I Connections: Muslims in 由c E紅ly Qing, 1644-1781 58 VII CONTENTS 4 I Strategi臼 of Resistance: Integration by Violence 103 s I Strategi臼 of Integration: Muslims in New China 167 泣nrzdaW nF EA 叫 白 h. , G c m戶、 eot cb 紅玄KAMφELE VA Ocδ cδ 的 Bibliography 235 Index 254 Vlll Maps 1. Contemporary provinces, autonomous regions,組d municipalities of the People’s Republic of China 4- 2.
    [Show full text]
  • The Great Art of China's 'Soundless Poems'
    The Great Art of China's 'Soundless Poems' Chinese artists employ different instruments and means from their Western counterparts, but express familiar ideas-a wonderful example of the diverse richness and universality of mankind. Leni Rubinstein traces the legacy of Confucian philosophy in shapin the extraordinary g mong the world's great civiliza­ cultural heritage of Ations, that of China is unique, because it is the oldest continuous Chinese painting culture in the world. Despite such adversi­ ties as repressive regimes, foreign invaders, and, in the last centuries, the repeated efforts of the British oligarchy to crush it, both from within and without, China 'has had the inner strength to rebound, agqin and again. This puts China in an unparallelled position in today's world. It compels us to - 4l; ��� t understand why, and how. �L It is unarguably the case, that the key to China's civilizational strength, is to be 1J � -1t �§; � found in the ideas of the philosopher Con­ fiX /./ 'g fucius.' Further, that these ideas were developed, transmitted, and deeply im­ J't.... * A.... ,� printed through active, living great art If/( /h �r. j:. J,1= � �p among China's educated strata-through FIGURE 1 (a). This poem ... � music, poetry, calligraphy, and painting, by Tang Dynasty poet 't>' if.. Confucius' legacy was born of his dis­ Liu Zong-yuan inspired � .. �i 31 'I'Jt\ . \., . covery of fundamental ideas concerning the "Fisherman on a snowy ;ij i& lawful ordering of the universe, and man's day," the painting shown on the fa cing relation to it (the principle of li).
    [Show full text]
  • Qinghai Across Frontiers : : State- and Nation-Building Under the Ma Family, 1911-1949
    UC San Diego UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Qinghai Across Frontiers : : State- and Nation-Building under the Ma Family, 1911-1949 Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1qf0664z Author Haas, William Brent Publication Date 2013 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO Qinghai Across Frontiers: State- and Nation-Building under the Ma Family, 1911-1949 A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements of the degree Doctor of Philosophy in History by William Brent Haas Committee in Charge: Professor Joseph W. Esherick, Co-Chair Professor Paul G. Pickowicz, Co-Chair Professor Weijing Lu Professor Richard Madsen Professor David Ringrose 2013 Copyright William Brent Haas, 2013 All rights reserved The Dissertation of William Brent Haas is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication on microfilm and electronically: Co-Chair Co-Chair University of California, San Diego 2013 iii Table of Contents Signature Page………………………………………………………………………….. iii Table of Contents……………………………………………………………………….. iv List of Tables…….……………………………………………………………………… v List of Illustrations……………………………………………………………………… vi Acknowledgements……………………………………………………………………....vii Vita……………………………………………………………………………………...xiii Abstract of the Dissertation….……………………………………………………...……ix Introduction………………………………………………………………………………. 1 Chapter One Frontier Militarists in a Transfrontier Province …………………………..13 Chapter
    [Show full text]
  • Tibet and Nationalist China's Frontier
    Tibet and Nationalist China’s Frontier Contemporary Chinese Studies This series, a joint initiative of UBC Press and the UBC Institute of Asian Research, Centre for Chinese Research, seeks to make available the best scholarly work on contemporary China. Volumes cover a wide range of subjects related to China, Taiwan, and the overseas Chinese world. Other books in the series include Glen Peterson’s The Power of Words: Literacy and Revolution in South China, 1949-95; Wing Chung Ng’s The Chinese in Vancouver: The Pursuit of Power and Identity, 1945-80; James A. Flath’s The Cult of Happiness: Nianhua, Art, and History in Rural North China; Yijiang Ding’s Chinese Democracy after Tiananmen; Scars of War: The Impact of Warfare on Modern China, edited by Diana Lary and Stephen MacKinnon; Gender and Change in Hong Kong: Globalization, Postcolonialism, and Chinese Patriarchy, edited by Eliza W.Y. Lee; Gutenberg in Shanghai: Chinese Print Capitalism, 1876- 1937, by Christopher A. Reed; and Erika E.S. Evasdottir, Obedient Autonomy: Chinese Intellectuals and the Achievement of Orderly Life. Tibet and Nationalist China’s Frontier: Intrigues and Ethnopolitics, 1928-49 Hsiao-ting Lin © UBC Press 2006 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without prior written permission of the publisher, or, in Canada, in the case of photocopying or other reprographic copying, a licence from Access Copyright (Canadian Copyright Licensing Agency), www.accesscopyright.ca. 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 5 4 3 2 1 Printed in Canada on ancient-forest-free paper (100% post-consumer recycled) that is processed chlorine- and acid-free, with vegetable-based inks.
    [Show full text]
  • Divisive Elites: State Penetration and Local Autonomy in Mei County, Guangdong Province, 1900S-1930S
    Divisive Elites: State Penetration and Local Autonomy in Mei County, Guangdong Province, 1900s-1930s DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Wenjuan Bi Graduate Program in History The Ohio State University 2015 Dissertation Committee: Christopher A. Reed, Advisor Patricia Sieber Ying Zhang Copyright by Wenjuan Bi 2015 Abstract This dissertation focuses on the rise of a group of new elites in Mei County, northeastern Guangdong, and their conflict with the local traditional gentry caused by the Chinese state’s new attempt to strengthen and modernize itself from the late Qing to the Republican periods (roughly from the 1900s to the 1930s). From the 1900s, the Chinese state, facing a series of internal and external threats, rather than prioritizing a stable social system, sought to achieve economic growth and national strength as soon as possible. Since the weak government had no ability to plunder external resources to support the expensive reform agendas, the government turned to more aggressive approaches to extract resources from local society. The state’s attempt to strengthen itself by extracting local resources, however, created sharp conflict between the central government and traditional autonomous communities. It also led to the estrangement of the traditional gentry, who, having consolidated their dominance over local society by controlling lineages and militias, were not enthusiastic about collaborating with the state to promote reform. In order to conscript resources to support the state’s reform agendas and to weaken the local gentry’s control of local resources, the late Qing government promoted a new group of elites with commercial backgrounds and Western knowledge who could better serve the state’s goal of mobilization.
    [Show full text]
  • International Edition 57 Edição Internacional 2018
    57 International Edition 57 Edição Internacional 2018 INSTITUTO CULTURAL do Governo da R. A. E. de Macau REVIEW OF CULTURE é uma revista de Cultura e, domínio do Espírito, é Livre. Avassalada International Edition 57 ao encontro universal das culturas, servente da identidade cultural de 2018 Macau, agente de mais íntima relação entre o Oriente e o Ocidente, particularmente entre a China e Portugal. RC propõe-se publicar todos ORGANIZADOR Publisher os textos interessantes aos objectivos confessados, pelo puro critério da qualidade. Assim, as opiniões e as doutrinas, expressas ou professas nos textos INSTITUTO CULTURAL assinados, ou implícitas nas imagens de autoria, são da responsabilidade do Governo da Região Administrativa Especial de Macau dos seus autores, e nem na parte, nem no todo, podem confundir-se com a Praça do Tap Seac, Edifício do Instituto Cultural orientação da RC. A Direcção da revista reserva-se o direito de não publicar, Tel: (853) 2836 6866 nem devolver, textos não solicitados. Internet: www.icm.gov.mo é uma revista simultaneamente publicada nas versões Chinesa e DIRECÇÃO EDITORIAL Director of the Editorial Board Internacional (em Português e Inglês). Buscando o diálogo e o encontro Mok Ian Ian francos de Culturas, RC tem na limpidez a vocação e na transparência Leong Wai Man o seu processo. EDITOR PRINCIPAL Chief Editor is a cultural magazine published in two versions — Chinese and Lam Iok Fong, Agnes Wong Man Fai International (Portuguese/English) — whose purpose is to reflect the unique identity of Macao. The magazine also seeks to promote freedom of EDITOR EXECUTIVO E COORDENADOR expression and through the articles published we hope to stimulate ideas Executive Editor and Coordinator and discussion of topics related to Western/Eastern cultural interchange, Sofia Salgado especially between China and Portugal.
    [Show full text]