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WAKHIERA WAKHI, WAKHI, WAKHI Language Family: Indo-European

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WAKHIERA WAKHI, WAKHI, WAKHI Language Family: Indo-European WAKHIERA WAKHI, WAKHI, WAKHI Language family: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Eastern, Southeastern, Pamir. Language codes: ISO 639-1 - ISO 639-2 - ISO 639-3 wbl Glottolog: wakh: 1245 Linguasphere: 58-ABD-c Beste izen batzuk (autoglotonimoa: x̌ ik zik ): guhjali alt wakhi [WBL]. khik alt wakhi [WBL]. vakhan alt wakhi [WBL]. wakhani alt wakhi [WBL]. wakhi [WBL] hizk. Pakistan; baita Afganistan, Tajikistan eta Txina ere. wakhigi alt wakhi [WBL]. AFGANISTAN wakhi (wakhani, wakhigi, vakhan, khik, guhjali) [WBL] 7.000 hiztun (1979an uste denez). Ishkashim-en ekialdea, Pamir mendiak, Panj Ibaiaren ezkerreko ertzean 64 herri Wakhan Korridorean, Sarhad herriraino (73E inguruan). Khandud da zentroa. Gehienak sakabanatuta daude errefuxiatu bezala Afganistanen edo Pakistanen. Indo- European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Eastern, Southeastern, Pamir. Herriari ‘guhjali’ deritza. Gaur Afganistanen ez bide dago bat bakarrik ere. Ikus sarrera nagusia Pakistanen. PAKISTAN wakhi (wakhani, wakhigi, vakhan, khik) [WBL] 9.100 hiztun (barne eginik 4.500-6.000 gojal, 2.000 ishkoman, 200 yasin, 900 yarkhun (1992), gehi errefuxiatuak. Herrialde guztietako populazio osoa 29.000. Chitralen alderik ipar- ekialdekoena, Baroghil eskualdea deitua; glaziar auzoa. Gojal goiko Hunza ibarrean dago Gulmitik Txina eta Afganistanen mugetaraino eta Shimshal eta Chupursan ibarrak; baita Chitraleko goi Yarkhunen ere eta goi Ishkoman ibarrean. Halaber mintzatua Afganistan, Tajikistan eta Txinan ere. Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Eastern, Southeastern, Pamir. Dialektoak: gojal, ishkoman, yasin, yarkhun. Dialektoen artean ez dago ulergarritasun arazorik, ezta beste herrialdekoekin ere. Ishkoman eta gojalaren artean % 84ko antz lexikala; yasin eta gojalaren artean % 89koa; ishkoman eta yasinaren artean % 91koa. Gizonezkoak eta gazteak elebidunak urdueraz. Emakumezkoen erdia baino gutxiagok eta pertsona zaharrek urdueraz mintzatzen dute eskualde urrunetan. Gojalen jende zaharrak eta herri nahastuetan bizi direnak burushaskiz mintzatzeko gai dira. Hiztunek jarrera positiboa daukate wakhiera eta urduerarekiko. Herriari ‘guhjali’ deritza goi Hunzan, baina eurek beren buruak ‘khik’ deitzen dituzte. TAJIKISTAN wakhi (vakhan, wakhan, wakhigi, guhjali, khik) [WBL] 7.000 hiztun (1993, UBS). Gorno-Badakhshan, Pamir mendiak. Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Eastern, Southeastern, Pamir. Dialektoak: western wakhi, central wakhi, eastern wakhi. Dialektoak inherenteki ulergarriak. Tajikia erabiltzen da literatur hizkuntza bezala. Ez da idazten. Hiztunei ‘guhjali’ deritze. Ikus sarrera nagusia Pakistanen. TXINA wakhi (vakhan, wakhani, wakhigi, khik) [WBL] 6.000 hiztun. Taxkorgan Tajik Konderri Autonomoa (bereziki Daftar) eta Pishango hegoaldeko mendiak, Xinjian. Indo- European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Eastern, Southeastern, Pamir. Dialektoak: eastern wakhi. Dialektoen artean ez dago ulergarritasun arazorik, ezta beste herrialdekoekin ere. Elebitasuna txineraz. Tajik nazionalitatearen barruan sartua (bereziki sarikoli) Txinan. SOV. Ikus sarrera nagusia Pakistanen. Hizkuntza / lengua: wakhiera / wakhi / wakhi / wakhi Hiztunak / hablantes (1992): 29.000 (Ethnologue). Herrialdea / país: Pakistam, Afganistan, Txina. oOo HISTORIA. Wakhiera pamir taldeko hizkuntza da. Horregatik deitzen zaio wakhi herriari batzuetan pamiris ere. Hizkuntzaren jatorria Wakhan da Afganistanen eta diotenez 4.000 urte baino gehiago ditu. Hiztunek Afganistango Wakhan Corridor, Pakistango Gilgit-Baltistan, Gorno- Badakhshan Tajikistango eskualdea (Errusiako Badakhshan menditsua) eta Txinaren mendebaldeko Xinjian eskualdean mintzatzen dute. Wakhiarrek beren buruak ‘xik’ (termino etnikoa) hitzarekin definitzen dituzte eta ‘wor/war’ erantsiz hizkuntzaren izena osatzen dute: ‘xik-wor’ (wakhiera). Uste da 50.000 izan daitezkeela munduan eta 4 herrialde ezberdinetan bizi dira. Beren erlijioa shia ismaili islam da herrialde eta eskualde guztietan. K.o. XI. m.an islamdartu ziren. Lehenagotik Zaratustra, judaismo, budismo eta gehiagoren jarraitzaileak izan ziren. HIZKUNTZA. Ezaugarri nagusiak. Fonetika. Morfosintaxia. Hona hemen wakhieraz lehenengo 10 zenbakiak: yiu (1), bui (2), trui (3), tsebur (4), panz (5), shal (6), hoob (7), haat (8), nau (9), thas (10). Idazkera. Idazkera erabiarra eta zirilikoa erabili izan dituzte eta gaur latindarra darabilte karaktere propio batzuekin modifikatua. *** HISTORIA. Wakhi es una de las lenguas del grupo pamir. Consecuencia de esto al pueblo wakhi también se le llame ocasionalmente pamiris. El origen de la lengua es Wakhan en Afganistán y según referencias tiene más de 4.000 años de existencia. Hablan los habitantes de Wakhan Corridor de Afganistán, zonas de Gilgit-Baltistán de Pakistán, en Gorno-Badakhshan (montañas de Badakhshan en Rusia) región de Tajikistán y en Xinjian en el oeste de China. Los wakhi usan para ellos mismos el término ‘xik’ (etnia) y sufijan con ‘wor/war’ para designar su lengua como ‘xik- wor’. Se estima que pueden ser unos 50.000 en todo el mundo y viven en 4 países diferentes. La religión de los wakhi es shia ismaili islam en todos los países y regiones. Fueron convertidos al islamismo en el s. XI d.C. Antes de aceptar el islam, fueron seguidores de Zaratustra, judaísmo, budismo y otros. LENGUA. Principales características. Fonética. Morfosintaxis. Los 10 primeros números en wakhi son: yiu (1), bui (2), trui (3), tsebur (4), panz (5), shal (6), hoob (7), haat (8), nau (9), thas (10). Escritura. Se han utilizado los alfabetos árabe y cirílico y actualmente utilizan el alfabeto latino modificado con algunos caracteres propios. GRAMATIKAK, METODOAK, ESKULIBURUAK CENTRAL ASIA PHRASEBOOKS, languages of the silk road, uyghur, uzbek, kyrgyz, kazhak, pashto, tajik, tashkorghani, turkmen, burushaski, khowar, mandarin, mongolian, shina, wakhi, Lonely Planet, author: Justin Jon Rudelson, 1st edition, 14x9, 239 or., Victoria (Australia), 1998. PARLONS WAKHI, Culture et langue du peuple wakhi, Pakistan, Afganistan, Tadjikistan et Chine, Karim Khan Saka, L’Harmattan, gramatika eta hiztegia, 21,5x13,5, 304 or., Paris, 2010. Parlons wakhi liburuaren sinopsia: La langue wakhi est la forme originelle du vieux perse parlé sur les frontières des quatre pays suivants : le Tadjikistan, l'Afghanistan, la Chine et le Pakistan. Les lieux d’habitation des Wakhi se trouvent aux confins des trois plus grandes chaînes de montagnes: Pamir, Hindou Kouch et Karakoram. Cette langue de la famille indo-européenne est parlée par une population d'environ 100 000 personnes, est intéressante aussi bien sur le plan géografique que culturel. Le présent ouvrage aborde la géographie, l'histoire, la culture et les traditions de ce peuple, et fait découvrir aux lecteurs une langue remontant à plus de 3000 ans et qui a perduré à travers les temps jusqu’à nos jours. WAKHI ALFABETOA WAKHI ALPHABET Tradizionalki wakhiera ez da izan hizkuntza idatzia. Garatu diren idazkera sistemak arabiar idazkera, zirilikoa eta latindar alfabeto modifikatua izan dira. Traditionally Wakhi was not a written language. Writing systems have been developed for the language using Arabic script, Cyrillic and a modified Roman alphabet. Wakhi alfabetoa /Wakhi alphabet Wakhiar alfabeto berria. Bibliako pasarteak. The new Wakhi Alphabet. Parts of Bible. Wakhi in Roman Wakhi in Cyrillic English (KJV) alphabet alphabet Yiso yavər xatəy:̆ Йисо йавəр хатəй:̌ «Sayišt i dəo carəv, And he said unto «Сайишт ҙи дəо them, When ye xanəv:̆ „Ey царəв, ханəв:̌ „Ей pray, say, "Our bzыrgwor Tat ki də Father which art in osmonət cəy! Ti бзыргвор̌ Тат ки дə heaven, Hallowed bəzыrg nung bər осмонəт цəй! Ти be thy name. Thy olam ыmыt! Ləcər бəзырг нунг бəр kingdom come. dəwroni Ti podšoyi олам ымыт! Лəцəр Thy will be done, ɣ̆at-ət, zəmin-ət дəврони̌ Ти as in heaven, so in zəmon də hыkmi earth. taw ыmыt! подшойи гат̌ -əт, зəмин-əт зəмон дə ҳыкми тав ̌ ымыт! Give us day by Spo rыsq-ət rыzi Спо рысқ-əт рызи day our daily sakər nəsib car! сакəр нəсиб цар! bread. Цə спо гəноəн Cə spo gənoən шəхс! Сак бə куй, And forgive us our šəxs! Sak bə kuy, ki ки сакəр шакиг ̌ цə sins; for we also sakər šakiɣ̆, cə kərk! кəрк! Кыхт̌ əр forgive every one kыxter̆ baxṣ̌əṣ̌ бахш̣əш̣ царəн. Цə that is indebted to us. And lead us not carən. Cə bandi банди нафс-əт into temptation; but nafs-ət awasən, Cə авас̌ əн, Цə deliver us from waswasayi Iblisən ̌ ̌ evil." saki niga δыr!“» васвасайи Иблисəн саки нига дыр̌ !“» Hiztegia / Vocabulary Erkaketa lexikala Irango 6 hizkuntzarekin Lexical comparison of six Iranian languages English Persian Tajic Pashto Shughni Saricoli Wakhi Gloss. ɡuʃt ̪ ɡʉʃt ɣwəxa, meat ɡuːxt ɡɯxt ɡuʂt гушт) ɣwəʂa) (تشوگ) æti̪ ʃ otaʃ fire or joːts juts rɯχniɡ (оташ) (شتا) ob (ов) obə xats xats jupk (با) water æb hand d̪ æst ̪ dast lɑs ðust ðɯst ðast (даѕт) (تسد) pxa, po (по) poːð peð pɯð (اپ) foot pɔ pʂa pisær pisar son zoj puts pɯts putr (писар) (رسپ) d̪ ænd̪ ɔn dandon ɣɑx, tooth ðinðʉn ðanðun ðɯnðɯk дандон) ɣɑʂ) (نادند) tʃæʃm tʃaʃm eye stərɡa tsem tsem tʂəʐm (чашм) (مشچ) æsb horse asp (асп) ɑs ː ʒ vurdʒ jaʃ vo rd (بسا) æbr cloud abr (абр) uriədz abri varm mur (ربا) gænd̪ um gandum wheat ɣanəm ʒindam ʒandam ɣɯdim (гандум) (مدنگ) bisjɔr bisjor ɖer, many lap pɯr təqi бисйор) pura) (رايسب) bulænd̪ baland high lwəɻ biland bɯland bɯland (баланд) (دنلب) dur (дур) ləre ðar ðar ðir (رود) far dur xub good xub (хуб) xə, ʂə bashand tʃardʒ baf (بوخ) xurd̪ χurd small ləɡ, ləʐ dzul dzɯl dzəqlai (хурд) (درخ) guft̪ guft to say wəjəl lʉvdow levd xənak (гуфт) (تفگ) kærd̪ kard to do kawəl ʃ ː tʃeiɡ tsərak кард) t i dow) (درك) did (дид) winəm wiːntow wand wing دي د))
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