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Grammatical Gender in Hindukush Languages
Grammatical gender in Hindukush languages An areal-typological study Julia Lautin Department of Linguistics Independent Project for the Degree of Bachelor 15 HEC General linguistics Bachelor's programme in Linguistics Spring term 2016 Supervisor: Henrik Liljegren Examinator: Bernhard Wälchli Expert reviewer: Emil Perder Project affiliation: “Language contact and relatedness in the Hindukush Region,” a research project supported by the Swedish Research Council (421-2014-631) Grammatical gender in Hindukush languages An areal-typological study Julia Lautin Abstract In the mountainous area of the Greater Hindukush in northern Pakistan, north-western Afghanistan and Kashmir, some fifty languages from six different genera are spoken. The languages are at the same time innovative and archaic, and are of great interest for areal-typological research. This study investigates grammatical gender in a 12-language sample in the area from an areal-typological perspective. The results show some intriguing features, including unexpected loss of gender, languages that have developed a gender system based on the semantic category of animacy, and languages where this animacy distinction is present parallel to the inherited gender system based on a masculine/feminine distinction found in many Indo-Aryan languages. Keywords Grammatical gender, areal-typology, Hindukush, animacy, nominal categories Grammatiskt genus i Hindukush-språk En areal-typologisk studie Julia Lautin Sammanfattning I den här studien undersöks grammatiskt genus i ett antal språk som talas i ett bergsområde beläget i norra Pakistan, nordvästra Afghanistan och Kashmir. I området, här kallat Greater Hindukush, talas omkring 50 olika språk från sex olika språkfamiljer. Det stora antalet språk tillsammans med den otillgängliga terrängen har gjort att språken är arkaiska i vissa hänseenden och innovativa i andra, vilket gör det till ett intressant område för arealtypologisk forskning. -
Cholland Masters Thesis Final Draft
Copyright By Christopher Paul Holland 2010 The Thesis committee for Christopher Paul Holland Certifies that this is the approved version of the following thesis: Rethinking Qawwali: Perspectives of Sufism, Music, and Devotion in North India APPROVED BY SUPERVISING COMMITTEE: Supervisor: __________________________________ Syed Akbar Hyder ___________________________________ Gail Minault Rethinking Qawwali: Perspectives of Sufism, Music, and Devotion in North India by Christopher Paul Holland B.A. Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts The University of Texas at Austin May 2010 Rethinking Qawwali: Perspectives of Sufism, Music, and Devotion in North India by Christopher Paul Holland, M.A. The University of Texas at Austin, 2010 SUPERVISOR: Syed Akbar Hyder Scholarship has tended to focus exclusively on connections of Qawwali, a north Indian devotional practice and musical genre, to religious practice. A focus on the religious degree of the occasion inadequately represents the participant’s active experience and has hindered the discussion of Qawwali in modern practice. Through the examples of Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan’s music and an insightful BBC radio article on gender inequality this thesis explores the fluid musical exchanges of information with other styles of Qawwali performances, and the unchanging nature of an oral tradition that maintains sociopolitical hierarchies and gender relations in Sufi shrine culture. Perceptions of history within shrine culture blend together with social and theological developments, long-standing interactions with society outside of the shrine environment, and an exclusion of the female body in rituals. -
Understanding the Concept of Islamic Sufism
Journal of Education & Social Policy Vol. 1 No. 1; June 2014 Understanding the Concept of Islamic Sufism Shahida Bilqies Research Scholar, Shah-i-Hamadan Institute of Islamic Studies University of Kashmir, Srinagar-190006 Jammu and Kashmir, India. Sufism, being the marrow of the bone or the inner dimension of the Islamic revelation, is the means par excellence whereby Tawhid is achieved. All Muslims believe in Unity as expressed in the most Universal sense possible by the Shahadah, la ilaha ill’Allah. The Sufi has realized the mysteries of Tawhid, who knows what this assertion means. It is only he who sees God everywhere.1 Sufism can also be explained from the perspective of the three basic religious attitudes mentioned in the Qur’an. These are the attitudes of Islam, Iman and Ihsan.There is a Hadith of the Prophet (saw) which describes the three attitudes separately as components of Din (religion), while several other traditions in the Kitab-ul-Iman of Sahih Bukhari discuss Islam and Iman as distinct attitudes varying in religious significance. These are also mentioned as having various degrees of intensity and varieties in themselves. The attitude of Islam, which has given its name to the Islamic religion, means Submission to the Will of Allah. This is the minimum qualification for being a Muslim. Technically, it implies an acceptance, even if only formal, of the teachings contained in the Qur’an and the Traditions of the Prophet (saw). Iman is a more advanced stage in the field of religion than Islam. It designates a further penetration into the heart of religion and a firm faith in its teachings. -
Iran 2019 International Religious Freedom Report
IRAN 2019 INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM REPORT Executive Summary The constitution defines the country as an Islamic republic and specifies Twelver Ja’afari Shia Islam as the official state religion. It states all laws and regulations must be based on “Islamic criteria” and an official interpretation of sharia. The constitution states citizens shall enjoy human, political, economic, and other rights, “in conformity with Islamic criteria.” The penal code specifies the death sentence for proselytizing and attempts by non-Muslims to convert Muslims, as well as for moharebeh (“enmity against God”) and sabb al-nabi (“insulting the Prophet”). According to the penal code, the application of the death penalty varies depending on the religion of both the perpetrator and the victim. The law prohibits Muslim citizens from changing or renouncing their religious beliefs. The constitution also stipulates five non-Ja’afari Islamic schools shall be “accorded full respect” and official status in matters of religious education and certain personal affairs. The constitution states Zoroastrians, Jews, and Christians, excluding converts from Islam, are the only recognized religious minorities permitted to worship and form religious societies “within the limits of the law.” The government continued to execute individuals on charges of “enmity against God,” including two Sunni Ahwazi Arab minority prisoners at Fajr Prison on August 4. Human rights nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) continued to report the disproportionately large number of executions of Sunni prisoners, particularly Kurds, Baluchis, and Arabs. Human rights groups raised concerns regarding the use of torture, beatings in custody, forced confessions, poor prison conditions, and denials of access to legal counsel. -
The Barzakh of Flamenco: Tracing the Spirituality, Locality and Musicality of Flamenco from South of the Strait of Gibraltar
SIT Graduate Institute/SIT Study Abroad SIT Digital Collections Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection SIT Study Abroad Fall 2011 The aB rzakh of Flamenco: Tracing the Spirituality, Locality and Musicality of Flamenco From South of the Strait of Gibraltar Tania Flores SIT Study Abroad Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcollections.sit.edu/isp_collection Part of the Dance Commons, Ethnomusicology Commons, and the Other Languages, Societies, and Cultures Commons Recommended Citation Flores, Tania, "The aB rzakh of Flamenco: Tracing the Spirituality, Locality and Musicality of Flamenco From South of the Strait of Gibraltar" (2011). Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection. 1118. https://digitalcollections.sit.edu/isp_collection/1118 This Unpublished Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the SIT Study Abroad at SIT Digital Collections. It has been accepted for inclusion in Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection by an authorized administrator of SIT Digital Collections. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Barzakh of Flamenco: Tracing the Spirituality, Locality and Musicality of Flamenco from South of the Strait of Gibraltar Tania Flores Occidental College Migration and Transnational Identity: Fall 2011 Flores 2 Acknowledgments I could not have completed this project without the advice and guidance of my academic director, Professor Souad Eddouada; my advisor, Professor Taieb Belghazi; my professor of music at Occidental College, Professor Simeon Pillich; my professor of Islamic studies at Occidental, Professor Malek Moazzam-Doulat; or my gracious and helpful interviewees. I am also grateful to Elvira Roca Rey for allowing me to use her studio to choreograph after we had finished dance class, and to Professor Said Graiouid for his guidance and time. -
Consumer Culture in Saudi Arabia
Consumer Culture in Saudi Arabia: A Qualitative Study among Heads of Household. Submitted by Theeb Mohammed Al Dossry to the University of Exeter as a Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Sociology September 2012 This thesis is available for Library use on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. I certify that all material in this thesis which is not my own work has been identified and that no material has previously been submitted and approved for the award of a degree by this or any other University. Signature: ……………………………………… 1 Dedication I dedicate this thesis to my family especially: My father who taught me, how ambitious I should be, he is my inspiration for everything. My mother who surrounded me with her love, praying for me throughout the time I spent working on my thesis. To all my brother and sisters (Noura, Hoda, Nasser, Dr Mounera, Abdullah and Abdurrahman). With a special dedication to my lovely wife (Nawal) and my sons (Mohammed and Feras) 2 Abstract As Saudi Arabia turns towards modernisation, it faces many tensions and conflicts during that process. Consumerism is an extremely controversial subject in Saudi society. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes that the opportunities and constraints of consumerism have brought about in the specific socio-economic and cultural settings between local traditions, religion, familial networks and institutions, on the one hand, and the global flow of money, goods, services and information, on the other. A qualitative method was applied. -
Movement and Stillness: the Practice of Sufi Dhikr in Central Asia
14 Movement and Stillness: The Practice of Sufi Dhikr in Fourteenth-Century Central Asia Shahzad Bashir Stanford University In this chapter, Shahzad Bashir argues that the Sufi practice of dhikr presupposes a continuum between mind and body, and between the individual and his social setting, in particular his master. This contrasts with the modern notion of meditation as a mental technique undertaken by an individual, in which the body and the social setting are typically seen as mere ancillary elements. The chapter describes Central Asian Sufi discussions during the fourteenth to fifteenth centuries CE over whether one should move or hold still the tongue and other parts of the body whileperforming dhikr, both camps placing equallystrong emphasis on the body;including its external physicalproperties and its internal 'subtle' aspects.The chapter also points out that the instruction and guidance of a master situated within a chain of Sufiauthority is seen as a necessaryand integral part ofthe practice of dhikr. Bytreating indi~idual practice and social factors in a conjoined way,Bashir argues for continual re-examination of the issue of terminology in the study of meditational paradigms. As evident from the contents of this volume, the wide scope of the term meditation is a major benefit underscoring its use as a comparative category. To attempt to define meditation and ask the question whether a particular concept or idea falls within the category are intellectually productive endeavours irrespective of particular results. In this chapter, I take this perspective for granted and, going one step further, draw the term meditation into a single orbit with an Islamic concept that has a long history and can refer to a wide array of practices. -
1 Hyderabad Municipal Survey Index to CHADARGHAT and RESIDENCY AREA
1 Hyderabad Municipal Survey Index to CHADARGHAT AND RESIDENCY AREA (Leonard Munn 1911-13). Area 9, 1- 64 (missing 13, 17, 21, 32, 37, 38, 39, 40, 45, 47, 53, 56, 60, 61, 62, 63) Compiled by Arvin Mathur and Karen Leonard, 2015 Details below, names and features on each map; [ ] =title on index; QS=Qutb Shahi 1 [Khusrau Manzil] Nawab Zafar Jang; Nawab Zafar Jang Br. (gdn); Dewal; Dewal; Dewal; Dewal; Habibnagar Road; Bihari Lal (gdn); Bihari Lal Dewal; Dewal Hanuman; Darmsala; Samadh; Baoli; Bagh Hanuman (gdn); Regtl. Stores; Tennis court; Second Infantry Guard Street; Khusrau Manzil; Raja Tej Rao; Mukarrab Jang Tank Street; Quarter Guard; Bell of Arms Right Wing; Bell of Arms Left Wing; Orderly Room 2 [A.C.G. Barracks] Masan (gdn); Bihari Lal (gdn); Baoli; Nawab Akbar Jang Br. (gdn); Hockey Ground; Stables; Stables; Quarter Guard; Baoli; Magazine; Tennis Court; Tennis Court 3 [Town Hall/Public Gardens] Town Hall; Animals; Baoli; Office of the Superintendent; Stores; Tennis Court; Tennis Court; Brigade Office Lane; Police station; Muhammad Hassan-ud-Din Khan; Nala; Clock Tower; Tennis Court; Public Gardens Gate Road 4 [Fateh Maidan] Nawab Hussain Dost Khan; baoli; Brigade Office Lane; Moti Lal Sahu (gdn); Dewal; Brigade Office; Divisional Office; Band School; Officers’ Mess H. H. The Nizam’s Regular Troops; Bashir Bagh Road; Fateh Maidan; Police Station 5 [ ] Takya; Fakhr-ul-Mulk Br. (gdn); Baoli; Masan; Baoli; Baoli; Reservoir; Rai Murli Dhar Br.; Baoli; Bishangir Gosa-in; baoli; Dewal Mata; Reservoir; baoli; reservoir; reservoir 6 [Phul Bagh] Rai Murli Dhar Br.; Baoli; Dhobi Ghat; reservoir; Ramkaran Sahu (gdn); Masan; Baoli; Baoli 7 [Narayangura] Dhobi Ghat; reservoir; baoli; baoli; Karim-ud-din Sahib (gdn) 8 [Distillery] Baoli; Ghiyas-ud-din Sahib; Nala Basharat; Kakku Raja; Ghiyas-ud-din Sahib (gdn); Bhagwan Das (gdn); Askar Jang Br. -
Road Construction, Mobility & Social Change in a Wakhi Village
Road Construction, Mobility & Social Change in a Wakhi Village Shimshali Perspectives in Words and Pictures 1"35o'SPOU.BUUFS&*OUSPEVDUJPO QQJ © 2020 selection, editorial matter and captions, David Butz & Nancy Cook; individual photographs, the photographers. All rights reserved. ISBN: 978-1-7771450-4-0 (e-book). Published in Canada. Road Construction, Mobility & Social Change in a Wakhi Village Shimshali Perspectives in Words and Pictures Edited by David Butz & Nancy Cook Wakhi & Urdu Translations by Karim Khan Saka © 2020 selection, editorial matter and captions, David Butz & Nancy Cook; individual photographs, the photographers. All rights reserved. ISBN: 978-1-7771450-4-0 (e-book) Published in Canada Road Construction, Mobility & Social Change in Shimshal Introduction Road Construction, Mobility & Social Change in a Wakhi Village Legend 74° 75° 76°E C Shimshali Perspectives in Words & Pictures Provincial boundary AFGHANISTAN H K 37°N i I Karakoram Highway (KKH) l i k N Shimshal Road Reshit The Shimshal Road R A Misgar . n j e r av Khunjerav Pass Chapursa u R . UNKWA n h HT R K G Shimshal is a farming and herding community of about 250 households, located in the Gojal sub-district (Tehsil) of AK . h -P u R G O Sost j e r a v Pakistan’s Gilgit-Baltistan administrative territory (see Figure 1). The community consists of four agricultural villages E J A L R . B S U Y Kaibar B - . (Farmanabad, Aminabad, Centre Shimshal, and Khizerabad) located between 2,800 and 3,200 metres elevation, an D R H ISHKOMAN - him I S K S sh T extensive system of high-altitude pastures extending to 5,000 metres, and several small hamlets which villagers occupy al R u d . -
A Comparative Study on the Relationship Between Spiral Forms in Sufi Spiral Dance (Sama) and Persian Islamic Paintings
Journal of Islamic Studies and Culture June 2015, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 113-118 ISSN: 2333-5904 (Print), 2333-5912 (Online) Copyright © The Author(s). All Rights Reserved. Published by American Research Institute for Policy Development DOI: 10.15640/jisc.v3n1a14 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15640/jisc.v3n1a14 A Comparative Study on the Relationship between Spiral forms in Sufi Spiral Dance (Sama) and Persian Islamic Paintings Tala Azizi Koutanaei1 Abstract Iranian painting enjoys an external beauty to which is added the internal spiritual purity and exquisiteness. This painting which is saturated with mystery and secrecy is in close relation with Iranian mysticism. The present article was an attempt to investigate the comparative relationship between spiral forms in Sufi spiral dance (Sama: the Arabic word Raqs) which takes its name from the order of the whirling dervishes in Konya where Mawlawī (Rumi) used to practice it with his disciples and Persian Islamic paintings. To do so, the quality and quantity of spiral and whirling movements was scrutinized in both of these art forms. The present research employed both the library research and content analysis to collect the data and analyze them, respectively. The paintings of famous Iranians in the Islamic era, especially those of Kamala Din Behzad (a famous painter of Heart school) were meticulously surveyed and compared with the principles of Sufi dance and the results revealed that Iranian artists and mystics have taken inspiration from each other and one of the common points between their art forms is “the movement”. The results also showed that the spiral Iranian miniature art form named Arabesque (Islamic art) involves the development of the movement and rotation of dancers seen in Sufi dancing. -
Muslim Mystics and Sufi Silsilahs in the India
MUSLIM MYSTICS AND SUFI SILSILAHS IN THE INDIA. By Dr.Amit Dey. When I am writing this article during the beginning of the new year, 2015, the world and the Indian subcontinent are going through certain uneasy experiences ranging from the violent reaction in the aftermath of the publication of cartoons in some western newspapers allegedly hurting the sentiment of millions of Muslims all over the world, when quite a few innocent school children perished in a brutal attack in Peshawar, when the Indian state of West Bengal is trying to recover from the infamous Khagragarh (in Burdwan district) explosion, when certain south asian regions are being exposed for the alarming imbalance in sex ratio confirming the prevalence of female foeticide even during the second decade of the twenty first century, the stereotyping of Islam as an intolerant, homogeneous and violent religion gathered momentum in the oriental and occidental worlds.1 In the context of these developments at the regional and trans-regional levels, the study of Islamic mysticism is becoming more and more relevant particularly due to the tolerant, spiritual and humane outlook of the Muslim mystics and the appropriating and accommodating nature of various sufi orders which created ripples in the socio-spiritual world of the subcontinent. Ironically, the sufis are virtually eliminated from the world of their origin, i.e., Central Asia and the Middle East. However, in South Asia where the Muslim mystics once took spiritual refuge, Sufism is still vibrant as a spiritual and cultural force. Existence of Sufism proves that like any other religion, Islam is also characterized by heterogeneity. -
Pdf 343 Schulthies Summer 2019
Anthropology 343 North African Ethnography Rutgers ❆ Summer 2019 ❆ Fez Morocco Study Abroad Instructor: Professors Khalid Bekkaoui, Sadik Rddad, [email protected], [email protected] and Malika Khandagui Office Hours: by appointment Email: [email protected], sadik.rdda North Africa is rich in complexity and anthropologists have long researched, theorized, and written about the people who work, claim, contest, negotiate, barter, marry, worship, migrate from and return to this place. Through a fine-grained observational lens, anthropologists have described and made sense of communities whose lives are interconnected with their own. How they do that is the focus of this course. This course is an introduction to ethnographic studies of North Africa, with a focus on Morocco. We will focus on representations of peoples and places through the lens of anthropologists and those who use anthropological methods, critically examining the ways they frame their research, writing, and position in the communities and texts. The primary questions are: how have scholars captured life in these communities? How has the process of describing “Moroccans” and “Maghariba” (North Africans) contributed to anthropological theories of personhood, identity, gender, religion, illness, politics and economics? Topics will include Social Customs and Rituals, Sufism and Spirituality, Medicine and Magic, as well as Youth and Social Movements. There will be three fieldtrips connected to this course: walking in the footsteps of anthropologists (Clifford and Hildred Geertz, Paul Rabinow, Lawrence Rosen) in Sefrou; shrines and tombs (Meknes and Moulay Idriss Zerhoun); economies of the Amazigh/Berber in the Middle Atlas (Immouzer, Azrou, Ain Leuh, el-Hajeb). A previous course in anthropology is encouraged but not required.