DOCSLIB.ORG

Herein Are Privately Owned and May Not Be Reproduced in Full Or in Part Without Their Owners’ Permission

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Herein Are Privately Owned and May Not Be Reproduced in Full Or in Part Without Their Owners’ Permission A Cultural Heritage Research Services, Inc. Publication 2008 Funded by the Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission CHRS, Inc. archaeologists conduct Phase III fieldwork on the Shaw Site in August 2004. Seeking Searights and Shaws Archaeological Investigations of Two National Road-Era Sites in Fayette County, Pennsylvania This copyright-free publication was produced by Cultural Heritage Research Services, Inc. (CHRS) in 2008 for the Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission as one of several measures designed to mitigate effects of the Commission’s Mon/Fayette Expressway, Uniontown to Brownsville Project, on cultural resources. While the publication as a whole is in the public domain, the historic photographs employed herein are privately owned and may not be reproduced in full or in part without their owners’ permission. Principal author: Philip Ruth, Director of Research, CHRS, Inc. Contributing author: Kenneth J. Basalik, Ph.D., President, CHRS, Inc. CONTENTS Introduction Why Archaeology, and Why Here? 1 CHAPTER ONE What Documents Disclosed 9 The Searight Tavern: Fixture on the National Road 10 The Shaw Family: From Searights to Obscurity 25 CHAPTER TWO What the Ground Divulged 39 Testing the Searight Tavern Site 40 Testing the Shaw Site 47 CHAPTER THREE Making Connections 53 The Searight Tavern Through Time 54 Eras in the Shaw Site’s Evolution 63 Strands in a Chronological Chord A Select List of Redletter Dates in the Intertwined Histories of the National Road, the Searight Tavern, and the Shaw Property 71 For Further Reading and Research 74 CHRS, Inc. archaeologists excavate test units at the Shaw Site in May 2004. INTRODUCTION Why Archaeology, and Why Here? f you’re like most Americans, you have a good Even with this awareness and appreciation, Isense of what archaeologists do, and why they people can be startled to find an archaeological do it. Poll results published in 2000 revealed investigation underway in their own “backyard.” that “Americans correctly view archaeologists’ Americans tend to regard archaeology as activity work as digging, excavating, finding, analyzing, performed in exotic locales. In reality, hundreds researching, studying, documenting, and, more of archaeological investigations are conducted specifically, analyzing and researching the past to across the United States every year. A few are discover and learn what life and past civilizations high-profile operations overseen by historical were like.”* Not that there aren’t a few miscon- organizations and duly covered by the media. The ceptions floating around. You might be surprised vast majority, however, are relatively brief investi- to learn, for instance, that archaeologists do not gations necessitated by federal, state, and/or local study rocks and stones (that’s the domain of laws designed to preserve the nation’s archaeolog- geologists), nor are they experts on fossils and ical heritage. “Digs” of the latter variety are part dinosaurs (that’s paleontology’s province). And of a protocol of environmental clearance some- any archaeologist will tell you that the glamorous times referred to as “the Section 106 process.” picture of archaeological adventure and romance painted by Hollywood bears little resemblance to The Section 106 process the painstaking and quiet endeavors that fill their days—meticulously moving dirt, cleaning and The National Historic Preservation Act of labeling artifacts, entering data in computers, por- 1966 is the cornerstone of American cultural ing through tables of data. resource preservation policy. Amended and Poll results also indicate that most Americans strengthened several times since 1966, this law es- believe archaeology is worth the effort. There is tablished the National Register of Historic Places, a general perception that archaeology can help us the office and duties of state historic preservation improve the future by increasing our understand- officers (SHPOs), a program of grants-in-aid to ing of both the past and the present. People rec- enable SHPOs to conduct their work, the Certi- ognize that archaeological artifacts and sites can fied Local Government program to identify com- have aesthetic value, spiritual worth, and historical munities that meet certain preservation standards, significance for populations and individuals. For federal agency responsibilities concerning historic these reasons, the majority of Americans sup- preservation activities, and the Advisory Council port legislation designed to protect and preserve on Historic Preservation. This legislation was fol- archaeological resources. lowed in 1969 by passage of the National Envi- ronmental Policy Act, requiring federal agencies to prepare impact statements for undertakings *Exploring Public Perceptions and Attitudes about Archaeology, Harris that might have an effect on environmental qual- Interactive Poll, February 2000. ity (cultural resources being contributing elements 1 A map drafted in October 2006 depicts the central section of the Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission’s Mon/Fayette Expressway, Uniontown-to-Brownsville Project. Location markers for the Searight Tavern Site and the Shaw Site in western Menallen Township have been added. to environmental quality). Yet another law with tion officer—the Pennsylvania Historical and Mu- far-reaching implications—the Archaeological seum Commission (PHMC), Bureau of Historic and Historical Preservation Act—was passed in Preservation—has also published guidelines 1974. This legislation extended the protections designed to promote consistency and efficiency established by the Reservoir Salvage Act of 1960 in the treatment of cultural resources across the to all federally funded, licensed, or aided under- Commonwealth. These directives include 1991’s takings where scientific, historical, or archaeologi- “Cultural Resource Management in Pennsylvania: cal data might be impacted. Guidelines for Archaeological Survey and Mitiga- The unofficial but commonly employed term tion.” “Section 106 process” derives from the section of the National Historic Preservation Act re- A “Mon/Fayette Expressway” quiring federal agencies to take into account the effects of their undertakings or licensing activities The Section 106 process was among the many on historic properties, while giving the Advisory considerations of the Pennsylvania Turnpike Council on Historic Preservation an opportunity Commission (PTC) when it launched a series of to review and comment on the potential effects transportation projects in southwestern Penn- of these activities. The Advisory Council has sylvania’s Mon-Fayette region in the early 1990s. defined the procedure for satisfying Section 106 The PTC was responding to the Pennsylvania requirements in a set of regulations titled “Pro- General Assembly’s recent passage of two pieces tection of Historic Properties.” of legislation: Act 61 of 1985, which directed Given Pennsylvania’s rich heritage, it should the PTC to design, construct, and operate several come as no surprise that the State Legislature new toll roads in the Commonwealth; and Act has enacted laws aimed at further protecting 26 of 1991, which added to the list of proposed the Commonwealth’s archaeological resources, toll roads, and established a continuous source of whether or not they are imperiled by federally state funding to help the PTC advance its expan- funded, licensed, or aided undertakings. The sion projects. Among the highways conceived lynchpin of this regulatory effort is Act No. at this time was a “Mon/Fayette system [that] 1978-273, amended as Act No. 1988-72, which will extend approximately 70 miles south from requires that State-funded undertakings be sub- Pittsburgh through the Monongahela River Valley jected to the same Section 106 process as federal- and western Fayette County to Interstate 68 near ly-funded projects. The State’s historic preserva- Morgantown, W.V.,” according to a PTC press 2 release. The toll road was expected to “improve tage Research Services, Inc. (CHRS) of North access to redevelopment sites in the economi- Wales, Pennsylvania, was charged with investigat- cally depressed Mon River towns where the steel ing and evaluating historic structures and historic and coal industries once flourished, [and] provide archaeological resources within the project area faster and safer travel options for through traffic, (for Section 106 purposes, all above-ground particularly commercial vehicles that now use ex- structures and archaeological resources at least 50 isting north-south arteries, such as PA Route 51, years of age are considered “historic”; archaeo- PA Route 88, PA Route 837, and PA Route 857, logical resources predating the arrival of Europe- as well as U.S. Route 40 (the National Road).” ans in America are classified as “prehistoric” or The new “Mon/Fayette Expressway” sys- “precontact”). tem would be constructed in four independent CHRS’s initial task was to prepare a Historical projects, one of which would result in a 17-mile Context laying out a methodology and historical stretch of toll road connecting Uniontown with framework for identifying and assessing historic Brownsville. That particular section was intended cultural resources within the project area. The “to provide for safer and more efficient vehicu- resulting report—titled Mon/Fayette Transportation lar travel by improving access, addressing future Project Allegheny, Fayette, and Washington Counties, capacity requirements and drawing traffic (espe- Pennsylvania, and Monongalia County, West Vir- cially trucks) off U.S. Route 40 and
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Hog Chains and Mark Twains: a Study of Labor History, Archaeology, and Industrial Ethnography of the Steamboat Era of the Monongahela Valley 1811-1950
    Michigan Technological University Digital Commons @ Michigan Tech Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports - Open Reports 2014 HOG CHAINS AND MARK TWAINS: A STUDY OF LABOR HISTORY, ARCHAEOLOGY, AND INDUSTRIAL ETHNOGRAPHY OF THE STEAMBOAT ERA OF THE MONONGAHELA VALLEY 1811-1950 Marc Nicholas Henshaw Michigan Technological University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds Part of the History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons, and the United States History Commons Copyright 2014 Marc Nicholas Henshaw Recommended Citation Henshaw, Marc Nicholas, "HOG CHAINS AND MARK TWAINS: A STUDY OF LABOR HISTORY, ARCHAEOLOGY, AND INDUSTRIAL ETHNOGRAPHY OF THE STEAMBOAT ERA OF THE MONONGAHELA VALLEY 1811-1950", Dissertation, Michigan Technological University, 2014. https://doi.org/10.37099/mtu.dc.etds/790 Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds Part of the History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons, and the United States History Commons HOG CHAINS AND MARK TWAINS: A STUDY OF LABOR HISTORY, ARCHAEOLOGY, AND INDUSTRIAL ETHNOGRAPHY OF THE STEAMBOAT ERA OF THE MONONGAHELA VALLEY 1811-1950 By Marc Nicholas Henshaw A DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In Industrial Heritage and Archeology MICHIGAN TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY 2014 This dissertation has been approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in Industrial Heritage and Archeology Department of Social Sciences Dissertation Advisor: Dr. Susan Martin Committee Member: Dr. Hugh Gorman Committee Member: Dr. Carol MacLennan Committee Member: Dr. John Nass Department Chair: Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • B.R.P.A. Journal
    November 2008 BRPA Annual Volume #11 Issue #1 French & Indian War Seminar Send registration form and fees to: B.R.P.A. Jumonville History Seminar 887 Jumonville Rd., Hopwood, PA 15445 or sign up on line @ www.braddockroadpa.org Journal Name: E-Mail: Fall 2008 Address: Phone: home ( ) work ( ) A Little of What’s Going On... Please reserve places for the seminar. An Occasional Publication of News ____ reservations @ $55/person (includes Friday program and/or Saturday) ­­­ from the... ____ reservations @ $20/student (includes Friday night and/or Saturday) *Please contact the Jumonville office if you are in need of lodging for Friday evening. I would like to make reservations for Saturday lunch. ($7.50/person) Jumonville 887 Jumonville Rd. Hopwood, PA 15445-9901 Please reserve ___ 2009 BRPA calendar(s) for me. $10/calendar is enclosed. (724) 439-4912 phone (724) 439-1415 fax www.braddockroadpa.org Please reserve ___ 2008 BRPA calendar(s) for me. $5/calendar is enclosed. Please reserve ___ 2007 BRPA calendar(s) for me. $5/calendar is enclosed. Please reserve ___ BRPA travel mug(s) for me. $8/mug is enclosed. Remembering the Forbes Campaign Please reserve ___ BRPA lapel pin(s) for me. $6/pin is enclosed. A quarter of a Millennium ago, a British army cut its way west across Please reserve ___ BRPA Polo shirts(s) for me. $30/shirt is enclosed. Pennsylvania, over brutal terrain, fighting increasingly hostile weather. Please reserve ___ BRPA briefcase(s) for me. $30/briefcase is enclosed. The army led by Gen. John Forbes and Col.
    [Show full text]
  • THE Great Contribution Which the Scotch-Irish Have Made To
    COLONEL JAMES BURD IN THE FORBES CAMPAIGN HE great contribution which the Scotch-Irish have made to our country has been the subject of much discussion. We Tsometimes forget, however, the many sturdy sons who came here directly from a Scottish home. James Burd was one of the lat- ter. Born of good parentage in 1726 near Edinburgh, he came to Philadelphia in 1748. Here he became a merchant and by marriage allied himself with three of the most influential Pennsylvania fam- ilies—the Shippens, the Willings, and the Aliens. These families were friends of the proprietaries, and Burd was soon given important assignments in provincial affairs. In 1752, he moved to Shippens- burg, a frontier village where he managed a plantation, aided Ed- ward Shippen, his father-in-law, in his fur trade, and soon had his finger on the pulse of international affairs in the Indians' land. He became agent for William Allen who was gathering supplies for Braddock's army} he was one of five commissioners named by Gov- ernor Morris to survey a road; and the responsibility for its con- struction rested almost entirely on Burd. Always inadequately equipped and provisioned, Burd cut the road through sixty-five miles of wilderness country in ten weeks' time. This first road to the west was traveled by pioneers to the Ohio country, and in the later terri- torial dispute between Virginia and Pennsylvania, Burd's Road helped bind the Monongahela country and the Pittsburgh district to Pennsylvania.* Entering the provincial service as a captain, January 17, 1756, Burd was commissioned a colonel by August 18, 1758.
    [Show full text]
  • Burd Family Papers
    Special Collections Department Burd Family Papers 1703 - 1937 (bulk dates 1800 - 1860) Manuscript Collection Number: 379 Accessioned: Gift of the Moyerman family, 1970. Extent: 3 linear ft. (1372 items) Content: Wills, deeds, estate records, correspondence, bills, receipts, funeral notices, legal documents, stock certificates, mortgages, account books, and ephemera. Access: The collection is open for research. Processed: September 1998 by Arthur Siegel for reference assistance email Special Collections or contact: Special Collections, University of Delaware Library Newark, Delaware 19717-5267 (302) 831-2229 Table of Contents Biographical Note Scope and Contents Note Series List Contents List Genealogical Tables Biographical Note The Burds were a distinguished family of Scottish origin, whose members were engaged in both the legal and military professions, and were also prominent landowners in Pennsylvania. Edward Shippen Burd's grandfather, Col. James Burd (1726-1793), was born near Edinburgh, Scotland, and settled on a farm in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, after his marriage in 1748 to Sarah Shippen, a member of the prominent Shippen family of Lancaster and Shippensburg. He joined the military as an officer at the outbreak of the French and Indian War, eventually earning the rank of colonel by 1758. From 1756-1757 he was in command of Fort Augustus, near Shamokin, Pennsylvania, and from 1764-1770 he held the office of Justice of Lancaster County. In 1774, a year before the outbreak of hostilities with Great Britain, Col. Burd was instrumental in garnering local support for the colonial congress in its opposition to the Crown, and by the following year was assisting in the military organization of Lancaster County as a member of the Committee of Safety.
    [Show full text]
  • Complaint of Ejection Dauphin County Pa
    Complaint Of Ejection Dauphin County Pa Unsmiling Pascale kyanise no road terrorizing discreditably after Karel hough worthlessly, quite smorzando. Sometimes systemless Amery reists her bladderwort fragilely, but impregnated Carter absterges aphoristically or caviling lovingly. Is Ward hip or inceptive after trigonometric Drew entrancing so feckly? This field must not be blank! Miscellaneous correspondence to and from the Pennsylvania Commission for Women. Letter; John Bringhurst, performing document review, shall be paid by the several counties from general county funds. Peoplelimitations exist for different kinds of lawsuitsoften represent themselves rather than hireand crimes. The regiments charged in that position. Subdivision and Land Development Ordinance, which would further advance the price of the remainder he held. At this period there were Indian villages at Conestoga, where he had erected a mill and made other improvements. Board of Trustees of State Colleges and Universities. The children scrutinized him with curiosity and amazement. It was admirably adapted for defense and, National Interest Waivers, with a large lot on Salmon street. Anscomb focuses his practice on intellectual property matters, even though they are eligible for representation, or amendments. Nesmith Hamilton Alricks, exhibitions and other functions to utilize the convention center or exhibition hall. Attainder of Divers Traitors if They Render Not Themselves by a Certain Day, leased by or operated by an existing authority or the Commonwealth which covers an area of more than forty thousand square feet. In both cases a rumbling noise and fearful trembling of the earth occurred. The board of commissioners, having managed numerous appeals of varying levels of complexity, Rev. In no other year does it reappear.
    [Show full text]
  • French & Indian War Bibliography 3.31.2017
    BRITISH, FRENCH, AND INDIAN WAR BIBLIOGRAPHY Detre Library & Archives, Heinz History Center 1. ALL MATERIALS RELATED TO THE BRITISH, FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR (APPENDIX A not included) 2. FORTS/FORTIFICATIONS 3. BIOGRAPHY/AUTOBIOGRAPHY 4. DIARIES/PERSONAL NARRATIVES/LETTERS 5. SOLDIERS/ARMS/ARMAMENTS/UNIFORMS 6. INDIAN CAPTIVITIES 7. INDIAN HISTORY AND CULTURE 8. FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR HISTORIES 9. PONTIAC’S CONSPIRACY/LORD DUNMORE’S WAR 10. FICTION 11. ARCHIVAL APPENDIX A (Articles from the Western Pennsylvania Historical Magazine and Pittsburgh History) 1. ALL MATERIALS RELATED TO THE BRITISH, FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR A Brief History of Bedford Village; Bedford, Pa.; and Old Fort Bedford. • Bedford, Pa.: H. K. and E. K. Frear, 1961. • qF157 B25 B853 1961 A Brief History of the Colonial Wars in America from 1607 to 1775. • By Herbert T. Wade. New York: Society of Colonial Wars in the State of New York, 1948. • E186.3 N532 No. 51 A Brief History of the King’s Royal Rifle Corps. • Edited by Sir Edward T. H. Hutton. Winchester: Printed by Warren and Son, Ltd., 1912. • UA652 K5 H9 A Charming Field For An Encounter: The Story of George Washington’s Fort Necessity. • By Robert C. Alberts. National Park Service, 1975. • E199 A33 A Compleat History of the Late War: Or Annual Register of Its Rise, Progress, and Events in Europe, Asia, Africa and America. • Includes a narrative of the French and Indian War in America. Dublin: Printed by John Exshaw, M.DCC.LXIII. • Case dD297 C736 A Country Between: The Upper Ohio Valley and Its Peoples 1724-1774.
    [Show full text]
  • J .Ll\.Mes Patterson
    J .LL\.MES PATTERSON OF Conestoga Manor AND HIS DESC&~DA.NTS COIIPILSD A,n) KDlffD BY EDxt."ND HAYES BELL AND MARY HALL CoLV.'ELL v.,CKERSILUI: PRr.,,Tr.,C COMPA.'"Y CoPYRlOB.T, 1925 BY l[ARY H. COLWELL ,,1-x .. THE JUNIATA THE Editors desire to make gratd1tl acl,:nowl- edgment of their indebtedness to the late Albert Charles Peale, M. D., lo whose untiring efforts to collect and presen:e the Patterson Family records they tr.ce the maten"al wizich forms the basis of the present work. Tizanks are due also to the many Pattersun descendants who ha-;:e so cheer­ fully funzi'slzed such additional information as they possessed, in order lo make the book as com­ plete a history of the .r,•hole family as possible; and especially to Charles L. Patterson, -;r,•hnse hearty and generous support has made tlze comple­ tiun of the project possible. PREFACE I~ accordance with the ancient and not yet obsolete cus­ tom of offering a prefatory word, some explanation of the plan, scope and character of the present work may acceptably find place here. This book, being a departure from the standard, may perhaps be best described by mentioning some of the points wherein it differs from other genealogical works. In the first place, it is not just a genealogical record. It is a family history. And, the early history of the family being closely interwoven with the colonial history of Pennsy 1- vania, portions of the latter have been included in order to render the former intelligible and to demonstrate its claim to interest.
    [Show full text]
  • The Early History of the Pittsburgh Coal Bed1
    THE EARLY HISTORY OF THE PITTSBURGH COAL BED1 HOWARD N. EAVENSON the 179 years in which ithas been mined, there has been Duringproduced from the Pittsburgh Coal Bed inthe four states of Mary- land, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and Ohio a greater value, at mine prices, than has ever been yielded by any single mineral deposit in the world's history.* While this honor may be temporarily surrendered to the Witwatersrand gold reef for a few years, itwillundoubtedly finally rest with the Pittsburgh bed because of its tremendous unmined reserves. This fact, together with the lack of a connected history of the coal bed's development, is the reason for the preparation of this article. Until very recently the first recorded discovery of coal in the Appa- lachian field has been considered to be that by John Peter Salley on Coal River, in present southern West Virginia in 1742. 3 The Fry and Jef- ferson map, prepared in 1749 and dated 1751, shows coal on the north side of the Potomac River, near the Savage River in the Cumberland region. Thomas Walker and Christopher Gist found coal in Kentucky in 1750—51, and Lewis Evans in 1754 mentioned a coal mine on the Muskingum River in Ohio as having been on fire in 1748 and— at the same time made the first references to coal in Pennsylvania on East Sandy Creek near Franklin and along the Kiskiminetas River.4 Curi- ously enough, none of these references was to openings on the great Pittsburgh seam which covers 5,729 square miles in area.
    [Show full text]
  • 230 HISTOKY of FAYETTE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. - Samuel Karter, Must
    Digital Scan by Fay-West.com. All Rights Reserved. 230 HISTOKY OF FAYETTE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. - Samuel Karter, must. in Oct. 25,186'2. David Rose, n~ust.ilk Sept. 28, 1862. John Hickson, must. in Oct. 29,1864. William Rice, must. in Oct. 29, 1862. John Horn, must. in Feb. 27,lSGj. Allen Reurich, must. in Sept. 23, 1862. George A. Harrir~gcou,must. in Feb. 20,1865. Simon Rondsll, must. in Sept. 23. 1862. Abraham P. Haines, must. iu Sept. 23,1862. James Rossell, must. in Sept. 19.1862. Daniel Hollabaugh, must. in Sept. 23,1863. Silas Rossell, mu,t. in Sept. 30,1864. Isaac Hockenberry, must. in Oct. 19,1562. James F. Reed, must. in Sept. 30,1864. Benjamin Hockenberry, must. in Oct. 19,1862. Daniel Reynolds, must. in Sept. 19.1862. James Hamon, must. in Sept. 16,lSS. Edgar F. Eeynolds, must. in Scpt. 19,1862. William Hall, must. in Sept. 6, 1862. William Rine, must. in Sept. 6, 1869. John H. Hone, must. in Sept. 6,1862. Jacob Switzer, mnst. in Feb. 8, 1865. George w. Hagan, must. in Oct. 22,1862. Henry Simpson, must. in Feb. 14,1865. Hatfield Hoden, must. in Sept. 6, 1862. Cl~arlesShoffer, mnst. in .Feb. 25, 1865. Jacob Helsel, must. in Oct. 1,1862. William Shoff, must. in Oct. 3, 1862. John Herberger, must. in Sept. 19,1862. David A. Snyder, must. in Oct. 3,1F62. James D.,Irw<n, must. in Dec. 1,1663. Lawrence Shepherd, must. in Feb. 23,1864. William J. Johnson, must. iu Oct. 7,1862.
    [Show full text]
  • Cowans Gap State Park History
    A Pennsylvania Recreational Guide for State Park Cowans Gap Cowans Gap Pennsylvania State Parks Mission The primary purpose of Pennsylvania state parks is to provide opportunities for enjoying healthful outdoor recreation and serve as outdoor classrooms for environmental education. In meeting these purposes, the conservation of the natural, scenic, aesthetic, and historical values of parks should be given first consideration. Stewardship responsibilities should be carried out in a way that protects the natural outdoor experience for the enjoyment of current and future generations. visitPAparks Printed on recycled paper 2017 COWANS GAP STATE PARK HISTORY Cowans Gap State Park is a 1,085-acre park Directions FROM THE SOUTH: US 30 to PA 75 north The history of Cowans Gap State Park is one from opposite political parties, the couple Kalbach and his partner Charles Spangler, of in the beautiful Allens Valley of Fulton at Fort Loudon to Richmond Furnace and of war, forbidden love, and hard work. eloped several years later and headed for McConnellsburg, operated a portable sawmill County. A 42-acre lake, two campgrounds, The park is north of US 30 between follow signs to the park. Kentucky. The family story relates that while in the valley, cutting mainly pine and oak. The Famous Roads rustic Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) Chambersburg and McConnellsburg. crossing the Conococheague Creek near final cut was completed in 1907, leaving a Reservations The French and Indian War began in 1754 built cabins, and many hiking trails are prime Fort Loudon, their wagon broke down. John landscape of over-cut forests and erosion. FROM THE WEST: I-76 to Exit 180, Fort as the French and British fought for the attractions.
    [Show full text]
  • Bedford County
    ON THE ROAD Highways and History in Bedford County For thousands of years the Snake Spring Valley of Bedford County Pennsylvania Department has been a vital transportation corridor through the mountains of of Transportation south-central Pennsylvania. The Snake Spring Valley contains a series of important historic trails and roads, each built on the remains of those that came before. From early native trails to the modern Pennsylvania Turnpike, each resulted from steady improvements in technology and the public’s desire for increased mobility, speed, and convenience. Although many of the early routes were obliterated by later development, traces still survive in the landscape. Recent historical and archaeological studies completed in connection with improvements to US Route 30 provided an opportunity to rediscover the area’s fascinating transportation history. ® ISBN 0-89271-119-5 Scott D. Heberling and William M. Hunter ON THE ROAD Highways and History in Bedford County Scott D. Heberling and William M. Hunter Heberling Associates, Inc. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission for the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation 2006 Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Edward G. Rendell, Governor Federal Highway Administration-Pennsylvania Division James A. Cheatham, Division Administrator Pennsylvania Department of Transportation Allen D. Biehler, Secretary Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission Wayne S. Spilove, Chair Barbara Franco, Executive Director Joe Baker, Series Editor Photographs courtesy of
    [Show full text]
  • ECHOES of EARLY BROWNSVILLE on the High Bank of The
    10 Echoes of Early Brownsville ECHOES OF EARLY BROWNSVILLE On the high bank of the Monongahela River, about a mile above the mouth of the Red Stone Creek, and on a bluff over-looking Nemacolin Creek was located in pre-his- toric times one of those ancient fortifications built by an unknown and now forgotten people who have left their monuments here and there through the Ohio and Missis- sippi valleys. This spot was known among the very early white trap- pers and hunters, who came over the mountains from the settlements in Pennsylvania, Maryland and Virginia to trade with the Indians, as "The Old Fort"; then as the "Old Fort at Redstone," and in after years as "Redstone Old Fort." At this point on the Monongahela River terminated what was long known as Nemocalling's Trail (or Nema- colin's Trail as now generally written), named for the cele- brated Indian chief, and having at its eastern end Fort Cumberland on the Potomac River. It was by this route the ill-fated Braddock made his way over the mountains on his expedition against Fort Duquesne, which ended in his death and the almost total destruction of his force in 1755, by the allied French and Indians, not many miles away from the Redstone Old Fort. Braddock's defeat, which encouraged the French and Indians, awakened the people of Pennsylvania, Maryland and Virginia to the peri- lous position of their frontiers and the British Government began taking measures to gather together a military force which could be successfully used to break the hold of France on the Ohio Valley.
    [Show full text]