Invertebrate Fauna of Korea

Volume 21, Number 25 Arthropoda: Pycnogonida: Pantopoda Sea Spiders

Flora and Fauna of Korea

National Institute of Biological Resources Ministry of Environment National Institute of Biological Resources Ministry of Environment Russia

CB Chungcheongbuk-do CN Chungcheongnam-do HB GB Gyeongsangbuk-do China GG Gyeonggi-do YG GN Gyeongsangnam-do GW Gangwon-do HB Hamgyeongbuk-do JG HN Hamgyeongnam-do HWB Hwanghaebuk-do HN HWN Hwanghaenam-do PB JB Jeollabuk-do JG Jagang-do JJ Jeju-do JN Jeollanam-do PN PB Pyeonganbuk-do PN Pyeongannam-do YG Yanggang-do HWB HWN GW East Sea GG GB (Ulleung-do) Yellow Sea CB CN GB

JB GN JN

JJ South Sea Invertebrate Fauna of Korea

Volume 21, Number 25 Arthropoda: Pycnogonida: Pantopoda Sea Spiders

2013

National Institute of Biological Resources Ministry of Environment

Invertebrate Fauna of Korea

Volume 21, Number 25 Arthropoda: Pycnogonida: Pantopoda Sea Spiders

Published by the National Institute of Biological Resources Environmental Research Complex, Hwangyeong-ro 42, Seo-gu Incheon, 404-708, Republic of Korea www.nibr.go.kr

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the National Institute of Biological Resources.

ISBN : 9788968110665-96470 Government Publications Registration Number 11-1480592-000645-01

Printed by Junghaengsa, Inc. in Korea on acid-free paper

Publisher : Sang Pal Lee Project Staff : Joo-Lae Cho, Ye Eun, Sang-Hoon Han

Published on December 20, 2013

The Flora and Fauna of Korea logo was designed to represent six major target groups of the project including vertebrates, invertebrates, insects, algae, fungi, and bacteria. The book cover and the logo were designed by Jee-Yeon Koo. Preface

In 2010, the 10th Conference of the Parties of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) adopted the Nagoya Protocol on access and benefit-sharing of biological resources. Since then, the national and international environment of the use and management of biological resources has been rapidly changed. Therefore, it is imperative to identify indigenous biological species in details and to build scientific data worthy of international recognition in order to take the initiative in bio-industry. The National Institute of Biological Resources of the Ministry of Environment has been publishing the Flora and Fauna of Korea to generally manage biological resources and to enhance national competitiveness by setting the foundation for the sovereignty over biological resources. Professional research group consisting of professors of taxonomy and related experts has systematically examined a variety of and wide range of taxa for the last 6 years since 2006. As a result, 90 issues of the Flora and Fauna of Korea, both in Korean and in English, covering a total of 8,888 species and 2 issues of World Monograph covering 216 species were published. And 30 issues of the Flora and Fauna of Korea, both in Korean and in English, covering 1,665 species of invertebrates, insects and algae are additionally published this year. These efforts serve to identify indigenous species living in Korea, to investigate biota, to improve the quality of national biological resources management and to provide the opportunity to lay the groundwork for the biotechnological industrialization of biological resources. I would like to express my sincere appreciation for those who spared no effort to publish the biological magazines; Professor Il-Hoi Kim of Gangneung-Wonju National University. And I hope he will help to discover useful biological resources in Korea and to create high value-added activities including natural product, gene resource and medical substance development.

Sang-pal Lee President National Institute of Biological Resources

Contents

List of Taxa 3 Introduction 5 Materials and Methods 8 Taxonomic Notes 9 1. Achelia alaskensis (Cole) 10 2. Achelia bituberculata Hedgpeth 12 3. Achelia crurispinifera Kim and Kim 15 4. Achelia echinata Hodge 18 5. Achelia latifrons (Cole) 21 6. Achelia orpax Nakamura and Child 22 7. Ammothea hedgpethi (Utinomi) 24 8. Ammothea hilgendorfi (Böhm) 27 9. Ammothella biunguiculata (Dohrn) 30 10. Ammothella indica Stock 32 11. Ammothella monotuberculata Hong and Kim 34 12. Cilunculus armatus (Böhm) 37 13. Paranymphon magnidigitum Hong and Kim 37 14. Paranymphon spinosum Caullery 40 15. Tanystylum scrutator Stock 43 16. Tanystylum ulreungum Kim 45 17. Ascorhynchus glaberrimus Schimkewitsch 48 18. Ascorhynchus ramipes (Böhm) 50 19. Ascorhynchus stocki Hong and Kim 51 20. Nymphonella tapetis Ohshima 53 21. Decachela discata Hilton 57 22. Decachela dogieli Losina-Losinsky 57 23. Hedgpethia chitinosa (Hilton) 60 24. Bradypallene espina Kim and Hong 61 25. Callipallene amaxana (Ohshima) 64 26. Callipallene dubiosa Hedgpeth 67 27. Callipallene sagamiensis Nakamura and Child 69 28. Cheilopallene nodulosa Hong and Kim 71 29. Propallene longiceps (Böhm) 73 30. Nymphon akanei Nakamura and Child 76 31. Nymphon elongatum Hilton 78 32. Nymphon japonicum Ortmann 80 33. Nymphon kodanii Hedgpeth 82 34. Nymphon longitarse Krøyer 82 35. Nymphon striatum Losina-Losinsky 84 36. Nymphon uniunguiculatum Losina-Losinsky 86 2 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Sea Spiders

37. Pallenopsis temperans Stock 88 38. Endeis nodosa Hilton 89 39. Anoplodactylus erectus Cole 91 40. Anoplodactylus hwanghaensis Kim and Hong 93 41. Anoplodactylus pycnosoma (Helfer) 95 42. Anoplodactylus crassus Nakamura and Child 97 43. Anoplodactylus velamellus Nakamura and Child 100 44. Pycnogonum tenue Slater 101 45. Pycnogonum uedai Nakamura and Child 102 Literature Cited 105 Index to Korean Names 110 Index to Korean Names as Pronounced 112 Index to Scientific Names 114 3

List of Taxa

Class Pycnogonida Latreille, 1810 Order Pantopoda Gerstäcker, 1863 Family Ammotheidae Dohrn, 1881 Genus Achelia Hodge, 1864 Achelia alaskensis (Cole, 1904) Achelia bituberculata Hedgpeth, 1949 Achelia crurispinifera Kim and Kim, 1985 Achelia echinata Hodge, 1864 Achelia latifrons (Cole, 1904) Achelia orpax Nakamura and Child, 1983 Genus Ammothea Leach, 1814 Ammothea hedgpethi (Utinomi, 1959) Ammothea hilgendorfi (Böhm, 1879) Genus Ammothella Verrill, 1900 Ammothella biunguiculata (Dohrn, 1881) Ammothella indica Stock, 1954 Ammothella monotuberculata Hong and Kim, 1987 Genus Cilunculus Loman, 1908 Cilunculus armatus (Böhm, 1879) Genus Paranymphon Caullery, 1896 Paranymphon magnidigitum Hong and Kim, 1987 Paranymphon spinosum Caullery, 1896 Genus Tanystylum Miers, 1879 Tanystylum scrutator Stock, 1954 Tanystylum ulreungum Kim, 1983 Family Ascorhynchidae Hoek, 1881 Genus Ascorhynchus Sars, 1878 Ascorhynchus glaberrimus Schimkewitsch, 1913 Ascorhynchus ramipes (Böhm, 1879) Ascorhynchus stocki Hong and Kim, 1987 Genus Nymphonella Ohshima, 1927 Nymphonella tapetis Ohshima, 1927 Family incertae sedis Genus Decachela Hilton, 1939 Decachela discata Hilton, 1939 Decachela dogieli Loshina-Losinsky, 1961 Family Colossendeidae Jarzynsky, 1870 Genus Hedgpethia Turpaeva, 1973 Hedgpethia chitinosa (Hilton, 1943) 4 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Sea Spiders

Family Callipallenidae Hilton, 1942 Genus Bradypallene Kim, 1987 Bradypallene espina Kim and Hong, 1987 Genus Callipallene Flynn, 1929 Callipallene amaxana (Ohshima, 1933) Callipallene dubiosa Hedgpeth, 1949 Callipallene sagamiensis Nakamura and Child, 1983 Genus Cheilopallene Stock, 1955 Cheilopallene nodulosa Hong and Kim, 1987 Genus Propallene Schimkewitsch, 1909 Propallene longiceps (Böhm, 1879) Family Nymphonidae Wilson, 1878 Genus Nymphon Fabricius, 1794 Nymphon akanei Nakamura and Child, 1983 Nymphon elongatum Hilton, 1942 Nymphon japonicum Ortmann, 1891 Nymphon kodanii Hedgpeth, 1949 Nymphon longitarse Krøyer, 1844 Nymphon striatum Losina-Losinsky, 1929 Nymphon uniunguiculataum Losina-Losinsky, 1933 Family Pallenopsidae Fry, 1978 Genus Pallenopsis Wilson, 1881 Pallenopsis temperans Stock, 1953 Family Endeidae Norman, 1908 Genus Endeis Philippi, 1843 Endeis nodosa Hilton, 1942 Family Phoxichilidiidae Sars, 1891 Genus Anoplodactylus Wilson, 1878 Anoplodactylus erectus Cole, 1904 Anoplodactylus hwanghaensis Kim and Hong, 1986 Anoplodactylus pycnosoma (Helfer, 1938) Anoplodactylus crassus Nakamura and Child, 1988 Anoplodactylus velamellus Nakamura and Child, 1991 Family Pycnogonidae Wilson, 1878 Genus Pycnogonum Brünnich, 1764 Pycnogonum tenue Kishida, 1927 Pycnogonum uedai Nakamura and Child, 1983 5

Introduction

All sea spiders (Pycnogonida) are marine invertebrates. There are 1424 living species in 12 families in the world (Bamber, 2011), including two species of uncertain familial status. Pycno- gonids generally are small in size, move slowly, live in sheltered habitats, and, therefore are rather difficult to be found by unexperienced people. Moreover, they have been thought to be unimpor- tant economically and ecologically and, therefore, are also neglected biologically. Although sea spiders are superficially similar in body form to arachnids and crustaceans, they are treated as an independent group in the category of a class due to their typical morphological features, such as the possession of a proboscis, ovigers, and multiple gonopores. Most sea spiders are epibenthic but many are known to be symbiotic or parasitic. Hosts of symbiotic or parasitic sea spiders are cnidarians, sponges, mollusks, and echinoderms. Intertidal sea spiders are generally small in size, with few millimeters in leg length but many deep-water species have a large body, with some of them bearing legs as long as 40 cm. The first record of Korean pycnogonid was by Hedgpeth (1949) who reported on one female of Nymphon uniunguiculatum caught from the ship Albatross at a depth of 335 fathoms (=613 m) off Guryongpo on July 30, 1906. Later, the occurrence of Achelia latifrons (Cole) was recorded by Stock (1954) from a depth between 60-100 fathoms (=110-183 m) off the Korean coast and of Nymphon longtarse Krøyer by Stock (1955) from a depth of 45 fathoms (=82 m) also off Korean coast, without specifying the exact localities. Kim and Stock (1984) described Pycnogonum koreanum as a new species from Ullreung Island, which later turned out to be a junior synonym of Pycnogonum uedai Nakamura and Child, 1983. Subsequently, Kim and Kim (1985), Kim and Hong (1986, 1987), Hong and Kim (1987) reported further pycnogonids from from Korea.

External morphology and life cycle The pycnogonid body is composed of 5 somites, the first one being the cephalic somite (or cephalon). The proboscis, a movable organ bearing the mouth at its anterior tip, inserts anteriorly on the cephalic somite. The mouth has 3 lips for sucking food. There is an eye tubercle (ocular tubercle) on the dorsal side of the cephalic somite, which bears 4 eyes. The eyes are generally absent or indistinct in pycnogonids dwelling in deep water. The cephalic somite typically bears 3 other paired organs, i.e., the chelifore, the palp, and the oviger. The presence and absence of these organs serve to classify pycnogonids in families. The chelifore is usually 2-segmented, the scape, being the proximal segment and the chela, being the distal segment. The well-developed chela bears a pair of fingers, a movable finger and an immovable one. The palp is generally 4-10- segmented and has sensory, feeding and cleaning functions. The oviger inserts on the ventral surface of the cephalic somite. This organ is more developed in the male than in the female, because the male carries the eggs until hatching. In many taxa, the oviger is absent in the female (Fig. 1). The trunk is divided into 4 thoracic somites, each bearing lateral processes on both sides to which the legs attach. The first thoracic somite is fused with the cephalic somite. The legs consist of 8 segments: first to third coxae, femur, first tibia, second tibia, tarsus, and, propodus from proximal to distal. The propodus bears a claw distally and the claw bears a pair of auxiliary claws proximally. 6 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Sea Spiders

All legs of the female have gonopores on the ventral side of the second coxa, male gonopores are present on the digitiform genital process of the second coxa of the third and fourth legs or only of the fourth leg. Female pycnogonids store eggs mainly in the ovarian diverticulum in the femur, whereas male femur bears a cement gland from which mucus is secreted to attach the egg mass to the ovigers after transfer of the eggs from the female. In many pycnogonids the cement gland opens through a long tube. The trunk terminates in the abdomen which is usually reduced to a digitiform process. The anus is present at the tip of abdomen. The mating behavior of Propallene longiceps was studied by Nakamura and Sekiguchi (1980) and summarized by Arnaud and Bamber (1987) as follows: 1) the male holds the female and stimulates oviposition; 2) mature eggs are released from the ovary in the femur of the female; 3) the female holds the eggs with her ovigers; 4) the eggs are transferred from the female to the male; 5) the male forms the eggs into a bracelet-like egg mass around the oviger, where they are carried until hatching. The eggs hatch to become a protonymphon larva. The protonymphon of Propallene longiceps molts nine times to become an adult. After three moults, the fourth protonymphon is reached typically bearing a proboscis, a pair of chelifores and two pairs of legs. This fourth protonymphon begins to swim and feed. In most pynogonid species the larvae are presumed to pass through a parasitic phase on an invertebrate host (Arnaud and Bamber, 1987). Introduction 7

6 A 7 45 8 9

3 17

2 12

13 16 1 10 14 18

11 15 19 22 21 20

Fig. 1. Adult and larvae of a pycnogonid. A. schematic diagram showing morphology of adult pycnogonid; B. protonymphon larva; C. larval stage of parasitic life. 1. palp; 2. proboscis; 3. fingers; 4. chela; 5. scape; 6. chelifore; 7. eye tubercle; 8. lateral process; 9. abdomen; 10. oviger; 11. terminal claw; 12. first coxa; 13. second coxa; 14. genital process; 15. third coxa; 16. femur; 17. cement gland; 18. first tibia; 19. second tibia; 20. tarsus; 21. propodus; 22. claw; 23. auxiliary claw. 8

Materials and Methods

The present report is a compilation of previous descriptions and figures made by the present author and by him and his coauthors. Nymphonella tapetis Ohshima and Endeis nodosa Hilton, 1942 are added as new records for Korea. Five species, Cilunculus armatus (Böhm, 1879), Decachela discata Hilton, 1939, Hedgpethia chitinosa (Hilton, 1943), Pallenopsis temperans Stock, 1953, and Pycnogonum tenue Kishida, 1927, have not been examined bu the author but were recorded by foreign scientists. Brief notes of their descriptions are addes. Under “SPECIMENS EXAMINED” all collection data of every species are mentioned which the present author has newly discovered, examined and described in previous publications. Unless other wise mentioned all material as been collected by the present author. In the descriptions, the species having weak or no sexual dimorphism, such as species of the genus Nymphon, are described irrespective of sex. Type material of pycnogonids recorded as new species in the past and kept in the private collection of the author will be transferred to the National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR), Incheon. 9

Taxonomic Notes

Class Pycnogonida Latreille, 1810 Ba-da-geo-mi-gang (바다거미강)

Order Pantopoda Gerstäcker, 1863 Ba-da-geo-mi-mok (바다거미목)

Key to the families of order Pycnogonida

1. Chelifore absent························································································································2 - Chelifore present ······················································································································4 2. Palp present; oviger present in both sexes··························································Colossendeidae - Palp absent; oviger present only in male···················································································3 3. Oviger without terminal claw; legs with auxiliary claws··············································Endeidae - Oviger with terminal claw; legs without auxiliary claws ······································Pycnogonidae 4. Oviger present only in male ··············································································Phoxichilidiidae - Oviger present in both sexes·····································································································5 5. Palp absent or shorter than proboscis if present········································································6 - Palp well developed and longer than proboscis········································································7 6. Proboscis attached to ventral side of cephalic somite; chela fingers at most half as long as palm, without teeth ········································································································Pallenopsidae - Proboscis attached to anterior side of cephalic somite; chela fingers more than half as long as palm, usually with or without teeth····································································Callipallenidae 7. Legs without auxiliary claws·············································································Ascorhynchidae - Legs with auxiliary claws ·········································································································8 8. Oviger with terminal claw ···················································································Nymphonidae - Oviger without terminal claw ··············································································Ammotheidae

Family Ammotheidae Dohrn, 1881 Jeop-si-ba-da-geo-mi-gwa (접시바다거미과)

Body compact and usually imperfectly segmented. Chelifores small, with 1- or 2-segmented scape; chela usually rudimentary. Proboscis fusiform. Palps well-developed, 8-9-segmented (4-6- segmented in Tanystylum). Ovigers present in both sexes, 9- or 10-segmented, without a terminal claw. Legs with auxiliary claws. 281 species in 21 genera. 10 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Sea Spiders

Key to the genera of family Ammotheidae

1. Chelifore large and longer than proboscis, with well-developed chela ···················Paranymphon - Chelifore shorter than proboscis, with vestigial chela ·······························································2 2. Trunk disk-shaped; lateral processes on contact with one another; chelifore 1-segmented; palp 1- to 8-segmented ·························································································································3 - Trunk narrow; lateral processes separated from one another; chelifore 1- or 2-segmented; palp 8- to 10-segmented ·······················································································································4 3. Palp 8-segmented; chela present as vestige ······································································Achelia - Palp 4- to 7-segmented; chela absent ·········································································Tanystylum 4. Chelifore inserted in anterior hood of cephalic somite; second segment of oviger longer than fourth segment ···········································································································Cilunculus - Chelifore inserted to anterior margin of cephalic somite; second segment of oviger shorter than or as long as fourth segment ·····································································································5 5. Trunk without tall tubercles or long setae; chelifores short; abdomen short and blunt················· ····································································································································Ammothea - Trunk usually with tall tubercles and long setae; chelifores usually long; abdomen long and usually pointed·········································································································Ammothella

Genus Achelia Hodge, 1864 Ae-gi-son-ba-da-geo-mi-sok (애기손바다거미속)

Key to the species of genus Achelia

1. Eye tubercle almost as long as wide··························································································2 - Eye tubercle distinctly longer than wide ···················································································3 2. Dorsal surface of trunk with 1 or 2 tubercles; abdomen extending beyond first coxa of fourth leg ·····························································································································A. bituberculata - Dorsal surface of trunk without tubercle; abdomen not extending over first coxa of fourth leg ··· ·································································································································A. alaskensis 3. Proboscis conical, strongly tapering, with thin distal part···········································A. echinata - Proboscis ovoid or cylindrical···································································································4 4. Proboscis cylindrical; body length more than 5 mm from anterior tip of proboscis to distal end of fourth lateral process ······················································································A. crurispinifera - Proboscis ovoid; body length less than 5 mm············································································5 5. First coxa of legs with 1 dorsal tubercle on postero-distal corner····································A. orpax - First coxa of legs with 3 dorsal tubercles on postero-distal corner·······························A. latifrons

1. Achelia alaskensis (Cole, 1904) (Fig. 2) Buk-bang-ae-gi-son-ba-da-geo-mi (북방애기손바다거미)

Ammothea alaskensis Cole, 1904, p. 66, pl. 12, Fig. 4, pl. 17, Figs. 4-12; Exline, 1936, p. 421; Okuda, 1940, p. 73, Figs. 1-10. Pantopoda: Ammotheidae: Achelia 11

B A

Fig. 2. Achelia alaskensis, male. A. habitus, dorsal; B. habitus, lateral; C. chelifore; D. palp; E. oviger; F. ourth leg; G. distal part of third leg. Scales: A, B, F, G=0.2 mm, C, E=0.05 mm, D=0.1 mm. 12 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Sea Spiders

Ammothea nudiuscula Hall, 1913, p. 135, pl. 3, Figs. 1-8; Hilton, 1939, p. 32; Hedgpeth, 1941, p. 256 (key). Achelia alaskensis: Hedgpeth, 1949, p. 289; Utinomi, 1954, p. 14, Figs. 6, 7; Losina-Losinsky, 1961, p. 91; Utinomi, 1971, p. 329; Kim and Hong, 1986, p. 44, Fig. 7; Child, 1987, p. 552; Child, 1995, p. 2. Achelia gurjanovii Losina-Losinsky, 1961, p. 93, Fig. 18.

Female: Body (Fig. 2A, B) small. Body length (from apex of proboscis to tip of fourth lateral process) 1.16 mm. Trunk ovoid and unarticulated. Cephalic somite 0.30 mm wide, wider than trunk. Lateral processes in contact with one another and smooth, without spines or setae. Eye tubercle higher than its width, tapering and terminating in a pointed apex. Eyes located in middle of eye tubercle. Abdomen 0.25 mm long, with parallel margins but abruptly narrowing distally in dorsal view, in lateral view erected in an angle of 45°, and extending to middle of first coxa of fourth leg. Proboscis fusiform, 0.50 mm long, widest in middle, and about twice as long as maximum width. Chelifore (Fig. 2C) 0.24 mm long and 2-segmented. Scape shorter than half length of proboscis, with 2 setae on distal end. Chela without fingers, nearly globular, with 1 seta. Palp (Fig. 2D) 8-segmented, 0.69 mm long; fourth segment longest followed by second segment. Terminal segment shortest. First segment wider than long. Second and third segments each with 1 seta. Four distal segments each with several setae on ventral surface. Oviger (Fig. 2E) 10-segmented. Seventh to terminal segments each with 2 compound spines. Terminal segment markedly small. Second to fourth legs each characteristically with 1 prominent dorsal tubercle on first coxa. Propodus strongly curved, about 4 times as long as wide, without protuberance on proximal region of ventral side but with 4 thick spines in this region (Fig. 2F, G). Claw slightly shorter than half length of propodus. Auxiliary claw narrow, about 0.6 times as long as claw. Length of segments of fourth leg (in mm): first coxa 0.17, second coxa 0.30, third coxa 0.21, femur 0.74, first tibia 0.61, second tibia 0.66, tarsus 0.09, propodus 0.4, claw 0.23, and auxiliary claw 0.14.

DISTRIBUTION: Korea, Japan (Hokkaido), Okhotsk Sea, Alaska, Bering Sea. KOREA: CN. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 1♂(Garorim Bay, Chungcheongnam-do: x.1981, J.S. Hong). REMARKS: This species is distributed in the North Pacific. Its occurrence along the Korean coast of the Yellow Sea is the southernmost distributional record, because all other records are from north of Hokkaido, Japan.

2. Achelia bituberculata Hedgpeth, 1949 (Figs. 3, 4) Deung-ppyo-jok-ae-gi-son-ba-da-geo-mi (등뾰족애기손바다거미)

Achelia bituberculata Hedgpeth, 1949, p. 287, Fig. 49a-g; Stock, 1954, p. 94, Fig. 44; Utinomi, 1962, p. 98, Fig. 4; 1971, p. 329; Nakamura and Child, 1983, p. 6; Kim, 1984, p. 537, Fig. 6a-I; Kim and Hong, 1986, p. 46; Hong and Kim, 1987, p. 141; Nakamura, 1987, p. 18, pl. 16; Nakamura and Child, 1991, p. 3. Achelia ohshimai Utinomi, 1951, p. 163, Fig. 2; 1965, p. 336, Fig. 20; 1971, p. 330.

Body (Fig. 3A-C) compact. Body length (from anterior margin of cephalic somite to tip of fourth Pantopoda: Ammotheidae: Achelia 13

A BC

Fig. 3. Achelia bituberculata, male. A. habitus, dorsal; B, C. habitus, lateral. Scales: A-C=0.5 mm.

lateral processes) 2.80 mm. Body width across second lateral processes 1.58 mm. Trunk nearly disk-shaped, almost as wide as long, without segmentation. Cephalic somite 0.97 mm wide, much wider than trunk, with round lateral margins. Cephalic region with 1 small tubercle and about 2 spines in dorso-lateral region. Lateral processes in contact with one another, distally with 1 anterior and 2 posterior tubercles; these tubercles tipped with 1 spine. Proboscis 1.30×0.85 mm, large and ovate, but shorter than trunk. Eye tubercle slightly higher than proximal width, with pointed apex. Eyes large and distinct. Abdomen 0.92 mm long, slightly constricted in middle in dorsal view, extending near middle of second coxa of fourth leg, with 1 large proximal tubercle and several spines on disto-lateral surface. Chelifore (Fig. 4A) 2-segmented and shorter than half length of proboscis. Chela vestigial, small, globular, shorter than wide, without fingers but with 1 large spine. Scape with 5 spines and 2 distinct tubercles. Palp (Fig. 4B) 8-segmented. Second segment longest, followed by fourth segment. Four distal segments short, expanding from proximal to distal, with many setae on ventral surface. Lengths of segments from first to last segment: 0.21, 0.50, 0.14, 0.46, 0.17, 0.11, 0.13, and 0.17 mm. Oviger 10-segmented. Male oviger with thick and strong sixth segment bearing 1 large, recurved spine, followed by several setae or setiform spines (Fig. 4C). Compound spines on seventh to terminal segments 2, 2, 1, and 2, respectively. Terminal segment very short, shorter than wide. Seventh and eighth segments with 7 and 3 thick setae, respectively, but no such seta present on ninth and terminal segments. Lengths of segments from first to terminal segments 0.20, 0.35, 0.40, 0.60, 0.52, 0.19, 0.15, 0.10, 0.10, and 0.04 mm. 14 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Sea Spiders

C D A B

Fig. 4. Achelia bituberculata. A. chelifore; B. palp; C. distal part of male oviger; D. male fourth leg; E. cement gland; F. distal part of female oviger. Scales: A, C, E, F=0.1 mm, B=0.2 mm, D=0.5 mm.

Female oviger with 3, 2, 1, and 2 compound spines respectively on seventh to terminal segments (Fig. 4F). Legs becoming longer from anterior to posterior ones. In male, first coxa distally with 2 or 3 tubercles on each anterior and posterior corners. Reproductive tubercles on second coxa of third and fourth legs prominent and about twice as long as wide. All legs with dorso-distal cement gland on femur (Fig. 4E); this cement gland narrow and short, about 0.2 times as long as femur, with dorso-distal opening. Femur and first and second tibiae similar in length. Propodus without proximal protuberance, with 2 or 3 spines. Auxiliary claw about half as long as claw. Lengths of segments of fourth leg: first coxa 0.30, second coxa 0.49, third coxa 0.33, femur 0.88, first tibia 0.00, second tibia 0.88, tarsus 0.15, propodus 0.76, claw 0.41, and auxiliary claw 0.22.

DISTRIBUTION: Korea, Japan (from Hokkaido to middle of Honshu), Sea of Ohotsk. KOREA: GW, GB, GN, JN, JJ, JB. Pantopoda: Ammotheidae: Achelia 15

SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 3♂♂, 2♀♀ (Jangho, Samcheok: 4.vii.1982); 10♂♂, 22♀♀ (Anin, Gang- neung: 10.vii.1982); 5♂♂, 1♀ (Sacheon, Gangneung, Gangwon-do: 10.vii.1982); 1♂ (Seongsanpo, Jeju I.: 21.vii.1982); 4♂♂, 4♀♀ (Daejin, Goseong-gun, Gangwon-do: 5viiii.1985); 5♂♂ (Geojin, Goseong-gun, Gangwon-do, -5 m: 5.viii.1982); 1♀(Guryongpo, Gyeongsangbuk-do: 10.viii.1982); 3 ♂♂ (Guryongpo, Gyeongsangbuk-do: 12 viii.1982); 2♂♂ (Jangho, Samcheok: 15.viii.1982); 1♂, 1♀ (Bogil I., Jeollanam-do: 21.viii.1982, D.H. Gweon); 1♂ (Maan I., Jeollanam-do: 22.viii.1982, D.H. Gweon); 4♂♂, 1♀(Tonggumi, Ullung I.: 13.x.1982); 2♀♀ (Geomun I., Jeollanam-do: 11.vii.1984); 1 ♂(Sadong, Ullung I.: x.1981, J.S. Hong); 1♂, 4♀♀ (Namyang, Ullung I.: 2.x.1981, J.S. Hong); 2♂♂ (Soheuksan I., Jeollanam-do: viii.1982, J.S. Hong); 2♂♂ (Hatae I., Jeollanam-do: viii.1982, J.S. Hong); 1♂ (Hongdo I., Jeollanam-do: viii.1982, J.S. Hong); 1♀ (Maan I., Jeollanam-do: 22.viii.1982, J.S. Hong); 4♂♂ (Soan-I., Jeollanam-do: 23.viii.1982, J.S. Hong); 1 specimen (Chuja I.: vii.1985); 1♂ (Jamdo I., Jinhae, Gyeongsangnam-do: iii.1983, J.S. Hong); 1♂ (Hojangdo, Sinan-gun, Jeollanam- do: 20.viii.1983, J.S. Hong); 3♂♂, 5♀♀ (Daepo-dong, Sokcho: 10.x.1987); 2♂♂, 2♀♀ (Guryonpo Port: 20.vi.2012); 5♂♂, 3♀♀ (Gupyeong-ri, Guryongpo: 20.vii.2012). REMARKS: In Korea, this species is most common in the intertidal and sublittoral regions, frequently occurring between sea weeds. This species has 1 or 2 large dorsal tubercles on trunk anterior to abdomen. For the former variety (Fig. 3A, B), Utinomi (1951) called Achelia ohshimai. But later, A. ohshimai has been synonymized with A. bituberculata, because of no other significant morphological differences (Nakamura and Child, 1983). Nakamura and Child (1983, 1991) recorded a vertical distributional range of this species of 0-75 m depth in Japan and Korea.

3. Achelia crurispinifera Kim and Kim, 1985 (Figs. 5, 6) Ppul-ae-gi-son-ba-da-geo-mi (뿔애기손바다거미)

Achelia crurispinifera Kim and Kim, 1985, p. 120, Figs. 1, 2; Nakamura and Child, 1991, p. 5.

Body (Fig. 5A-C) relatively large. Body length 9.60 mm, measured from anterior tip of proboscis to distal end of fourth lateral process. Trunk circular and unsegmented. Cephalic somite wider than trunk, with several spine-tipped, small tubercles, one of the latter located near base of chelifore, and 1 or 2 near each anterior corner. Lateral processes compact, in contact with each other, each armed with 1 antero-distal, 1 postero-distal tubercle and 1 or 2 small mid-distal ones. Ocular tubercle vertical, 1.5-2 times as tall as greatest diameter, located in middle of cephalic somite, with pointed apex. Eyes darkly pigmented and located on tip of ocular tubercle. Abdomen snake’s head-shaped, slender, shorter than trunk, directed slightly downward, armed with several pairs of spinules on dorsal margin. Proboscis cylindrical, weakly constricted ventrally in proximal third, slightly longer than trunk, more than twice as long as its distal width. Chelifore long, more than 0.7 times as long as proboscis. Scape long, armed with several spine- bearing tubercles on dorsal side of distal half. Chela small and subchelate. Palp (Fig. 5D) 8-segmented, 1.3 times as long as proboscis. Fourth segment longest, becoming slender from distal third to end. Second segment subequal in length with fourth one, with 1 low, spine-tipped tubercle dorso-distally. Three terminal segments longer than wide, not bulbous, and gradually shortening from proximal to distal. 16 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Sea Spiders

A B

Fig. 5. Achelia crurispinifera. A. male habitus, dorsal; B. female habitus, dorsal; C. male habitus, lateral; D. palp; E. male oviger; F. distal part of male oviger. Scales: A-C, E=1 mm, D=0.5 mm, F=0.2 mm. Pantopoda: Ammotheidae: Achelia 17

A C

B D

Fig. 6. Achelia crurispinifera. A. female oviger; B. distal part of female oviger; C. female second leg; D. female distal part of fourth leg. Scales: A, D=0.5 mm, B=0.1 mm, C=1 mm.

Oviger 10-segmented in both sexes. Female oviger (Fig. 6A) 0.6 times as long as that of male; fifth segment longest, slightly longer than fourth one; first to sixth segments smooth, without spinule; 4 distal segments each armed with smooth or weakly crenulated spinules on inner side (7 on seventh, 5 on eighth, 4 on ninth, and 10 on terminal segment); spinules on seventh and eighth segment scattered; terminal segment gradually narrowing distally, with spinules, one of these spinules placed at tip. Male oviger (Fig. 5E) distinctly larger than that of female. Fourth and fifth segments equal in length, each much longer than third one; seventh segment typically with 1 strong protuberance on inner side, this protuberance with 5 large but simple spines; ninth segment with 2 spines proximally; terminal segment rather robust, slightly longer than wide, with 5 simple spines on inner margin. Legs uniform in length, not longer than twice as long as body length, typically armed with numerous tall, spine-tipped, finger-shaped tubercles (Fig. 6C). Coxa 1 usually with 2-4 tubercles on each anterior and posterior side and 1 longer one dorso-medially; these tubercles fewer and much smaller in female. Coxa 2 of last 2 pairs of legs in male with genital processes, each of the latter twice as long as diameter. Coxa 3 slightly shorter than coxa 2, but longer than its width, with 1 low tubercle on dorsal side. Femur armed with a number of tubercles on ventral and dorsal sides (those on dorsal side much smaller than those of ventral side) and 1 dorso-distal projection. Tibia 1 18 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Sea Spiders and 2 subequal in length, each armed with numerous, spine-tipped, finger-like tubercles on dorsal side. Propodus curved, swollen proximally, with 6 or 7 closely set spines on heel (Fig. 6D). Claw longer than half length of propodus, about 5 times as long as its proximal width. Auxiliary claw slender and longer than half length of claw. Lengths of segments of male fourth leg (in mm): first coxa 0.80, second coxa 1.90, third coxa 1.33, femur 3.67, first tibia 3.33, second tibia 3.00, tarsus 0.43, propodus 1.36, claw 0.76, and auxiliary claw 0.51.

DISTRIBUTION: Korea, Japan (Tsushima I.), Chinese coast of Yellow Sea. KOREA: GB, GN. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 1♀ (holotype, off Pusan, fishing net: i.1970, H.S. Kim); 1♂ (paratype, off Guryongpo, fishing net: 19.viii.1976, H.S. Kim). REMARKS: Achelia crurispinifera has a large body and a long proboscis. Nakamura and Child (1991) reported this species from various locations in the Yellow Sea, from depths between 59- 150 m.

4. Achelia echinata Hodge, 1864 (Figs. 7, 8) Ga-si-ae-gi-son-ba-da-geo-mi (가시애기손바다거미)

Achelia echinata Hodge, 1864, pl. 12, figs. 7-10. Ammothea fibulifera Dohrn, 1881, p. 141, pl. 4, figs. 1-22. Achelia echinata var. japonica Ortmann, 1891, p. 164. Ammothea echinata: Sars, 1891, p. 120, pl. 13, Figs. 1a-m; Giltay, 1929, p. 175; Calman, 1938, p. 160; Lebour, 1949, p. 163. Ammothea (Achelia) echinata: Bouvier, 1923, p. 55. Ammothea (Achelia) echinata var. sinensis, Lou, 1936, p. 19, Figs. 7-9, pls. 2-4. Achelia echinata ssp. nasuta: Stock, 1956, p. 98, Fig. 16a. Achelia echinata orientalis: Hedgpeth, 1949, p. 318. Achelia echinata: Stock, 1955, p. 213; 1987, p. 506; 1990, p. 217; Utinomi, 1962, p. 97; 1966, p. 45; King, 1972, p. 623; Krapp, 1973, p. 58; King, 1974, p. 23 (key), 28, Figs. 11, 12, 14C; Krapp-Schikel and Krapp, 1975, p. 14, Fig. 4; Munilla, 1980, p. 115, Figs. 1-3; Munilla and de Haro, 1981, p. 191, Fig. 3; Krapp, 1983, p. 408; Nakamura and Child, 1983, p. 7, 8; Stock, 1986, p. 400; 1990, p. 217; Sanchez and Munilla, 1987, p. 182; Bamber, 1997, p. 144. Achelia echinata sinensis: Utinomi, 1971, p. 328; Kim, 1984, p. 537, Fig. 7a-i; Kim and Hong, 1986, p. 46; Hong and Kim, 1987, p. 141; Nakamura, 1987, p. 19-21, pl. 17l; Nakamura and Child, 1983, p. 7.

Body (Fig. 7A, B) small. Body length 2.43 mm measured from anterior tip of proboscis to distal end of fourth lateral process. Trunk nearly ovoid. Cephalic somite 0.55 mm wide, brpader anteriorly and narrower posteriorly. First and second lateral processes close to each other, but second to fourth lateral processes separated from one another in distal half. Each lateral process with prominent dorso-distal tubercle on anterior and posterior corners; these tubercles tipped with 1 spine. Numerous paired small setae present on tubercles, on surface of lateral processes, legs and chelifore. Trunk unsegmented, but thick sclerotization present between first and second thoracic somites. Junction between second and third thoracic somites weakly sclerotized. Eye tubercle located posteriorly on cephalic somite, elongate, about twice as high as basal width. Pantopoda: Ammotheidae: Achelia 19

Fig. 7. Achelia echinata, male. A. habitus, dorsal; B. habitus, lateral; C. chelifore; D. palp; E. distal part of oviger; F. fourth leg. Scales: A, B, F=0.5 mm, C, E=0.1 mm, D=0.2 mm. 20 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Sea Spiders

A B

Fig. 8. Achelia echinata, female. A. habitus, dorsal; B. oviger; C. distal part of oviger. Scales: A=0.5 mm, B, C=0.1 mm.

Eyes located subapically on eye tubercle. Abdomen narrow and elongate, 0.65 mm long, extending to distal region of fourth lateral process. Proboscis 1.16×0.44 mm, widest at proximal 2/5 and tapering distally. Abdomen 0.65 mm long and abruptly curved upward at proximal third. Chelifore (Fig. 7C) 2-segmented, 0.47 mm long, slightly longer than 1/3 length of proboscis. Scape narrowed in the middle, with 1 distinct tubercle near the middle and 2 dorsal tubercles near distal end. Chela longer than wide, bifurcated at tip, lacking fingers, only with 1 seta. Palp (Fig. 7D) 8-segmented, slender, and setose but without spine. Second segment longest followed by the fourth. Four distal segments longer than wide, with dense setae on ventral surface. Oviger 10-segmented. Lengths of segments of male oviger: 0.21, 0.32, 0.33, 0.42, 0.53, 0.16, 0.13, 0.08, 0.08, and 0.04 mm. Sixth segment expanded, proximally with 1 thick, recurved spine (Fig. 7E). Compound spines on seventh to terminal segments: 2, 2, 1, and 2, respectively. Width of 4 distal segments gradually reduced from proximal to distal. Legs slender and uniform in length. First coxa characteristically with 4 elongate tubercles: 1 on each side and 1 on each dorso-distal corner. Genital process on second coxa of third and fourth legs distinct, about twice as long as wide (Fig. 7F). Femur of all legs with dorso-distal small cement gland and short gland tube. Second tibia longest among segments of legs. Tarsus with 1 spine. Propodus with 3 or 4 (usually 3) spines in proximal region. Lengths of segments of male fourth leg Pantopoda: Ammotheidae: Achelia 21

(in mm): first coxa 0.35, second coxa 0.66, third coxa 0.41, femur 1.29, first tibia 1.35, second tibia 1.48, tarsus 0.15, propodus 0.85, claw 0.39, and auxiliary claw 0.27 mm. Female (Fig. 8A) different from male as follows: tubercles on body surface smaller than those of male; numbers of tubercles on first coxa: 3 on first and second legs each and 2 on third and fourth legs each; sixth to terminal segments of oviger (Fig. 8C) armed with 4, 2, 2, 2, and 2 spines, respectively.

DISTRIBUTION: Korea, Japan, northern coast of China, Siberian coast of Russia. KOREA: GW, GB, GN, JN, JJ, JB. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 1♀ (Anin, Gangneung: 14.vii.1982); 3 juveniles (Geojin, Goseong-gun, Gangwon-do, -5 m: 5.viii.1982); 1♂(Haeundae, Pusan, depth about 20 m: 24.viii.1982); 7♂♂, 6♀♀ (Guryongpo, Gyeongsangbuk-do: 8.x.1982); 1♂(Daesambu I., Jeollanam-do: 11.vii.1984); 1♂, 4♀♀ (Geomun I., Jeollanam-do: 11.vii.1984); 1♀(Garorim Bay, Chungcheongnam-do: viii.1982, J.S. Hong); 2♂♂, 2♀♀ (Garorim Bay, Chungcheongnam-do: x.1982, J.S. Hong); 4♀♀ (Seok-do I., Chungcheongnam-do: viii.1982, J.S. Hong); 2♂♂, 2♀♀ (Hatae I., Jeollanam-do: viii.1982, J.S. Hong); 7♂♂, 17♀♀ (Hong-do I., Jeollanam-do: viii.1982, J.S. Hong); 1♂(Soheuksan I., Jeollanam- do: viii.1982, J.S. Hong); 2♂♂, 2♀♀ (Soan I., Jeollanam-do: 23.viii.1982, J.S. Hong); 12 specimen (Chuja I., Jeju I.: vii.1985); 2♂♂ (Myo-do I., Gwangyang, Jeollanam-do: vii.1983, J.S. Hong); 1♂ (Gyema-ri, Yeonggwan-gun, Jeollanam-do: iv.1986, J.S. Hong); 1♂ (Garorim Bay, Chungcheong- nam-do: x.1981, J.S. Hong); 1♂ (Chagwi I., Jeju-do: 11.xii.1998, B.J. Kang); 1♂, 2♀♀ (Sacheon, Gangneung-shi: 4.iii.2003); 3♀♀ (Dalcheon I., Sora-myeon, Yeosu: 1.iii.2004, Y.H. Kim and T.S. Park); 1♂ (Hupo, Uljin-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do: 30.i.2012); 1♂, 1♀ (Myeongsasip-ri, Wando-gun, Jeollanam-do: 4.vii.2012, S.Y. Moon); 1♂, 1♀ (Byeonggok-ri, Uljin-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do: 26.vii. 2012). REMARKS: This species has been reported from depth between 0-336 m in Japan (Nakamura and Child, 1983) but it dwells mainly in the range of 0-30 m (Nakamura, 1987). The setiferous body, with the elongate tubercle on the first coxa of legs and the characteristic form of the proboscis allows to easily differentiate this species from other related species.

5. Achelia latifrons (Cole, 1904) Teol-bo-ae-gi-son-ba-da-geo-mi (털보애기손바다거미)

Ammothea latifrons Cole, 1904, p. 263, pl. 11, Fig. 3, pl. 16, Figs. 1-9, pl. 17, Figs. 1-3; Hedgpeth, 1941, p. 256 (key); Hilton, 1942a, p. 295, pl. 41; Stock, 1954, p. 96.

DISTRIBUTION: North Pacific. KOREA: Korean coast, between 60-100 fathoms (Stock, 1954). SPECIMEN EXAMINED: None. REMARKS: Achelia latifrons has been found mainly in the northeastern Pacific. No further collection of this species has been made in Korea since Stock (1954) recoded once. Achelia latifrons is very similar to A. orpax and differences between them are noted in the remarks for the latter species. However, it is possible that Stock’s (1954) specimen is in fact A. orpax. 22 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Sea Spiders

6. Achelia orpax Nakamura and Child, 1983 (Figs. 9, 10) Nam-bang-teol-bo-ae-gi-son-ba-da-geo-mi (남방털보애기손바다거미)

Achelia orpax Nakamura and Child, 1983, p. 8, Fig. 2; 1991, p. 5, Fig. 1G, H. Achelia latifrons: Kim and Hong, 1986, p. 46, Fig. 8.

Body (Fig. 9A, B) small and spiniferous. Body length 2.33 mm measured from anterior tip of proboscis to distal end of fourth lateral process. Trunk unsegmented, ovoid, and slightly longer than wide. Cephalic somite wider than trunk, with 1 tubercle on each dorso-lateral side. Lateral processes in contact with one another but separated in distal parts. First to third lateral processes each

A D

Fig. 9. Achelia orpax. A. habitus, dorsal; B. habitus, lateral; C. chelifore; D. palp. Scales: A, B=0.5 mm, C, D=0.1 mm. Pantopoda: Ammotheidae: Achelia 23

C A

Fig. 10. Achelia orpax, male. A. oviger; B. first leg; C. distal part of first leg. Scales: A, C=0.1 mm, B=0.5 mm.

with 2 dorso-distal tubercles (each on anterior and posterior corners): posterior tubercle more than 3 times as long as wide and distinctly larger than anterior one. Fourth lateral process with only 1 dorso-distal tubercle. Proboscis spindle-shaped. 1.00×0.48 mm, more than twice as long as wide, widest in the middle, and shorter than trunk but as long as abdomen. Eye tubercle erected vertically, located in center of cephalic somite, 0.35 mm long, and more thean twice as long as wide, becoming narrower distally but not pointed at apex. Eyes located near apex of eye tubercle. Abdomen elongate, straight, 1.00 mm long, extending over second coxa of fourth leg, with snake’s-head-shaped distal end and about 10 stiff setae on dorsal surface. Setae on appendages also stiff, spiniform, with many stiff setules. Chelifore (Fig. 9C) about 2/3 as long as proboscis. Left and right scapes fused at base. Each scape elongated, with several spiniferous tubercles on dorsal surface of distal half. Chela small, longer 24 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Sea Spiders than wide, lacking fingers, with 1 stiff seta. Palp (Fig. 9D) 8-segmented. Lengths of first to terminal segments: 0.05, 0.30, 0.07, 0.24, 0.07, 0.07, 0.06, and 0.05 mm. Fourth segment constricted in the middle. All segments, except the first, with stiff setae. Oviger 10-segmented. Male oviger (Fig. 10A) with broad first and second segments. Third to seventh segments uniform in width but eighth to terminal segments becoming narrower from proximal to distal. Lengths of first to terminal segment of male oviger 0.18, 0.23, 0.31, 0.43, 0.40, 0.15, 0.09, 0.06, 0.10, and 0.04 mm; fourth segment longest. Terminal segment as long as wide. Eight to terminal segment armed with 1, 1, and 2 compound spines, respectively. Eight and ninth segments additionally with 1 outer seta. Sixth segment not transformed, unlike in other species of genus. Legs with long spines on segments (Fig. 10B). First coxa with 1 large dorso-distal tubercle. First tibia longest of the segments. Femur and second tibia equal in length. Genital process present on third and fourth legs and as long as wide. Propodus distinctly arched, more than 4 times as long as wide (Fig. 10C). Propodal heel not pronounced, with 3 spines; these spines separated from one another by a distance wider than their width. Claw shorter than half as long as propodus. Auxiliary claw more than 2/3 as long as claw. Lengths of segments of male fourth leg (in mm): first coxa 0.38, second coxa 0.55, third coxa 0.30, femur 0.95, first tibia 1.05, second tibia 0.95, tarsus 0.12, propodus 0.62, claw 0.27, and auxiliary claw 0.20.

DISTRIBUTION: Korea, Japan. Intertidal-45 m (Nakamura and Child, 1991). KOREA: GW, JN, CN. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 1♂(Hong-do I., Jeollanam-do: x.1981, J.S. Hong); 1♂(Sinjin I., Chungcheong- nam-do: 4.iv.1993, B.J. Kang); 1 juvenile (Bangpo, intertidal, Anmyeon I.: 3.vi.2012); 1 juvenile (Sacheon, between tunicates, Gangneung-shi: 13.iii.2012). REMARKS. When Kim and Hong (1986) reported 1 specimen of this species from the south-western coast of Korea, they identified it as Achelia latifrons (Cole, 1904) and treated Achelia orpax Nakamura and Child, 1983 as a junior synonym of that species. But Nakamura and Child (1991) examined the holotype of Achelia latifrons and confirmed that they belong to different a species, an opinion that is followed here. According to Nakamura and Child (1991), the first coxa of legs bears 1 elongate tubercle on the posterior dorso-distal corner in A. orpax, in contrast to 3 tubercles in the same area in Achelia latifrons.

Genus Ammothea Leach, 1814 Sul-byeong-bu-ri-ba-da-geo-mi-sok (술병부리바다거미속)

7. Ammothea hedgpethi (Utinomi, 1959) (Figs. 11, 12) Jak-eun-sul-byeong-bu-ri-ba-da-geo-mi (작은술병부리바다거미)

Lecythorhynchus hedgpethi Utinomi, 1959, p. 212, Figs. 7-9; 1962, p. 103; 1971, p. 336. Lecythorhynchus sp.: Hedgpeth, 1949, p. 296, Fig. 44e-f. Ammothea hedgpethi: Clark, 1977, p. 173; Nakamura and Child, 1983, p. 13 (key); Hong and Kim, 1987, p. 142, Fig. 2; Nakamura, 1987: 23, pls. 19, 20; Nakamura and Child, 1991, p. 6. Pantopoda: Ammotheidae: Ammothea 25

E D

Fig. 11. Ammothea hedgpethi. A. habitus, dorsal; B. habitus, lateral; C. male oviger; D. distal part of male oviger; E. female oviger; F. distal part of female oviger. Scales: A, B=1 mm; C, E=0.5 mm, D, F=0.1 mm. 26 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Sea Spiders

C B

Fig. 12. Ammothea hedgpethi, male. A. fourth leg; B. female distal part of first leg; C. cement gland. Scales: A=1 mm, B=0.5 mm, C=0.1 mm.

Body (Fig. 11A, B) glabrous. Body length of male 5.05 mm measured from anterior tip of proboscis to distal end of fourth lateral process. Width of trunk 2.05 mm measured across second lateral processes. Trunk elongate and distinctly segmented. Lateral processes separated from one another; distance between them becoming wider from anterior to posterior, less than half the width of lateral process between first and second lateral processes, but about their width between the third and fourth processes. Each lateral process as long as wide, glabrous without seta or tubercle. Cephalic somite becoming broader from posterior to anterior, with maximum width of 0.91 mm. Eye tubercle located posteriorly on cephalic somite, slightly longer than wide, with pointed apex. Eyes large and located midway on eye tubercle. Proboscis almost cylindrical, gradually narrowing from distal third to apex. Abdomen elongate, 1.18 mm long, extending over first coxa of fourth leg, erected upward in angle of about 45°, with tubercle-like dorso-distal projection. Chelifore slender and about half as long as proboscis. Scape with parallel margins and few setae distally. Chela also slender and slightly longer than wide, with 1 or 2 small setae distally but without fingers. Palp 9-segmented, slender and elongate; fourth segment longest. Oviger 10-segmented. In male oviger (Fig. 11C) second, fourth and fifth segments similar in length. Seventh segment with setiferous distal projection (Fig. 11D). Eighth to terminal segments with 2, 2 and 4 denticulate spines, respectively. Eighth segment additionaly with more or less than Pantopoda: Ammotheidae: Ammothea 27

3 setae. Lengths of first to terminal segments of male oviger: 0.35, 0.79, 0.53, 0.81, 0.81, 0.41, 0.25, 0.13, 0.13, and 0.10 mm. Female oviger (Fig. 11E) armed with 3, 5, 4, and 5 spines respectively on seventh to terminal segment (Fig. 11F). Legs slender and long, without genital process on second coxa (Fig. 12A). Cement gland (Fig. 12C) short, without tube, and located near distal 1/5 region of femur. Second tibia longest of leg segments, followed by femur and first tibia. Propodus becoming slightly narrower from proximal to distal, with strongly produced dorso-distal corner, convex dorsal margin and 5 spines on heel (Fig. 12B). Claw thick and less than half as long as propodus. Auxiliary claw about 2/3 as long as claw. Lengths of segments of male fourth leg (in mm): first coxa 0.47, second coxa 1.47, third coxa 0.85, femur 3.91, first tibia 3.70, second tibia 4.74, tarsus 0.24, propodus 1.18, claw 0.53, and auxiliary claw 0.34 mm.

DISTRIBUTION: Korea, Japan. 8-95 m (Nakamura and Child, 1991). KOREA: GW, JN. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 1♀ (Imwon, depth 10 m, Gangwon-do: 2.viii.1986); 2♂♂, 5♀♀ (Jin-do Island, dredge, depth about 10 m, Jeollanam-do: 23.vii.1994). REMARKS: This species is similar to Ammothea hilgendorfi but, unlike the latter species, has strongly projected dorso-distal corner of the propodus of legs and a 2-segmented, elongate chelifore.

8. Ammothea hilgendorfi (Böhm, 1879) (Fig. 13) Sul-byeong-bu-ri-ba-da-geo-mi (술병부리바다거미)

Corniger Hilgendorfi Böhm, 1879, p. 187 Fig. 3-3d. Lecythorhynchus Hilgendorfi: Böhm, 1879, p. 140; Loman, 1911, p. 8, pl. 2, Figs. 28, 29. Lecythorhynchus hilgendorfi: Hoek, 1881, p. 27; Hedgpeth, 1949, p. 296, Fig. 44a-b; Utinomi, 1951, p. 166. Lecythorhynchus marginatus Cole, 1904:, pl. 11, Figs. 1, 2, pl. 15, Figs. 1-8; Hilton, 1939, p. 34; Hedgpeth, 1949, p. 296; 1951, p. 110. Lecythorhynchus marginatum: Stock, 1954, p. 139. Lecythorhynchus ovatus Hilton, 1942b, p. 54, Fig. 10a-b; Hedgpeth, 1949, p. 296, Fig. 44a-b. Ammothea ovata: Hedgpeth, 1949, p. 296. Ammothea hilgendorfi: Bamber, 1985, p. 269, Fig. 1.

Body (Fig. 13A, B) glabrous. Length of male body 4.05 mm measured from anterior tip of proboscis to distal end of fourth lateral process. Body width 1.62 mm measured across second lateral process. Trunk elongate and distinctly segmented. Lateral processes as long as wide and separated from one another more widely between posterior ones than between anterior ones; each lateral process with small setae. Eye tubercle conical and located posteriorly on cephalic somite, as long as proximal width. Eyes large and located proximal region of eye tubercle. Proboscis spindle- shaped, more than twice as long as wide, wider than distally than proximally and widest at distal third. Abdomen 0.75 mm long, directed upward, with tubercle-like projection subdistally. Chelifore 1-segmented, vestigial, as a small tubercle. Palp (Fig. 13C) 9-segmented and slender; fourth segment longest. Lengths from first to terminal 28 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Sea Spiders

A F E C

B D

Fig. 13. Ammothea hilgendorfi. A. habitus, dorsal; B. habitus, lateral; C. palp; D. distal part of male oviger; E. male fourth leg; F. distal part of fourth leg; G. distal part of female oviger. Scales: A, B, E=1 mm; C=0.5 mm, D, F, G=0.1 mm. Pantopoda: Ammotheidae: Ammothea 29 segments in mm: 0.15, 0.88, 0.24, 0.94, 0.22, 0.24, 0.21, 0.21, and 0.25 mm. Distal segments becoming narrower from proximal to distal. Oviger 10-segmented. Male oviger with expanded seventh segment (Fig. 13D), with setae on this expansion. Eighth to terminal segments armed with 7, 4, and 3 spiniform setae, respectively. Lengths of first to terminal segments of male oviger 0.45, 0.94, 0.52, 0.70, 0.72, 0.40, 0.21, 0.12, 0.15, and 0.08 mm. Female oviger with 4, 4, 3, and 3 denticulate compound spines on seventh to terminal segments, respectively (Fig. 13G). Legs slender and elongate, without genital process on second coxa (Fig. 13E). Cement gland short, tubular, and located in distal 1/5 of femur, without tube. Femur and second tibia equal in length, both longest segments. Tarsus without spine. Propodus curved, with uniform width from proximal to distal and slight dorso-distal projection. Propodal heel with 5 or 6 (usually 5) spines. Claw thick, less than half as long as propodus. Auxiliary claw less than 2/3 as long as claw. Length of segments of male fourth leg in mm: first coxa 0.38, second coxa 1.05, third coxa 0.65, femur 2.38, first tibia 2.13, second tibia 2.38, tarsus 0.20, propodus 1.08, claw 0.45, and auxiliary claw 0.29 mm.

DISTRIBUTION: Pacific (West Pacific, Hawaii, northern pacific coast of Mexico). Depth usually ranging from intertidal to 30 m, with maximum depth of 113 m (Nakamura, 1987). KOREA: GW, GB, GN, JN, JJ, JB, CN, GG. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 2♂♂, 2♀♀ (Impo, Dolsado I., Jeollanam-do: 13.vi.1967, H.S. Kim); 2♂♂ (Anin, Gangneung: 10.vi.1980); 3♂♂, 1♀(Jangho, Samcheok: 4.vii.1982); 3♀♀ (Anin, Gangneung: 14.vii.1982); 3♂♂, 4♀♀ (Yokji I., Gyeongsangnam-do: 17.vii.1982); 1♀(Galdo I., Gyeongsangnam- do: 21.vii.1982); 2♂♂, 3♀♀ (Daejin, Goseong-gun, Gangwon-do: 5.viii.1982); 4♂♂, 2♀♀ (Guryong- po, Gyeongsangbuk-do: 10.viii.1982); 9♂♂, 5♀♀ (Guryongpo: 12.viii.1982); 1♀(Moseulpo, Jeju I.: 20.viii.1982); 1♂, 2♀♀ (Bogil I., Jeollanam-do: 21.viii.1982, D.H. Gweon); 3♀♀ (Jagae I., Jeolla- nam-do: 22.viii.1982, D.H. Gweon); 2♀♀ (Maan I., Jeollanam-do: 22.viii.1982, D.H. Gweon); 1♂ (Moseulpo, Jeju I.: 24.viii.1982); 13♂♂, 11♀♀ (Guryongpo, Gyeongsangbuk-do: 9.x.1982); 1♂(Sirang- ri, Gijang, Pusan: 18.x.1982); 1♂(Sirang-ri, Gijang: 26.iv.1983); 1♀(Gamak Bay, Jeollanam-do: ix.1980, J.S. Hong); 1♀(Garorim Bay, Chungcheongnam-do: xii.1980, J.S. Hong); 1♀(Garorim Bay, Chung- cheongnam-do: x.1981, J.S. Hong); 5♂♂, 2♀♀ (Hong-do I., Jeollanam-do: viii.1982, J.S. Hong); numerous specimens (Soheuksan I., Jeollanam-do: viii.1982, J.S. Hong); 2♂♂, 1♀ (Anma I., Jeol- lanam-do: viii.1982, J.S. Hong); numerous specimens (Eocheong I., Jeollabuk-do: viii.1982, J.S. Hong); 3♂♂ (Bogil I., Jeollanam-do: viii.1982, J.S. Hong); 1♀ (Soan I., Jeollanam-do: 23.viii.1982); 29 specimen (Chuja I., Jeju I.: vii.1985); 12♂♂, 8♀♀ (Ung-do I., Jinhae Bay, Gyeongsangnam-do: iii.1983, J.S. Hong); 2♂♂ (Jam-do I., Jinhae Bay, Gyeongsangnam-do: iii.1983, J.S. Hong); 1♂, 2♀♀ (Myo-do I., Gwangyang Bay, Jeollanam-do: vii.1983, J.S. Hong); 2♂♂, 2♀♀ (Hojang I., Sinan-gun, Jeollanam-do: 20.viii.1983, J.S. Hong); 4♂♂ (Garorim Bay, Chungcheongnam-do: x.1981, J.S. Hong); 1♂(Daepo-dong, Sokcho-shi: 25.vi.1993, B.J. Kang); 4♂♂, 3♀♀ (Imwon port, light trop: 5.viii.1994, B.J. Kang); 2♀♀ (Heuksan I., Jeollanam-do: 11.xi.1997, C.M. Lee); 2♀♀ (Yeonhwa-ri., Baekryeong I.: 15.x.2000, C.M. Lee); 3♂♂, 2♀♀ (Mukho port, light trap, Gangwon-do: 21.viii.2001, Y.H. Kim); 1♀ (Jinhae port, Gyeongsangnam-do: 27.vi.2007, Y.H. Kim); 3♂♂, 2♀♀ (Sinheung-ri, Jocheon, Jeju I.: 20.iv.2003); 5♂♂, 3♀♀ (Dalcheon I., Sora-myeon, Yeosu, Jeollanam-do: 1.iii.2004, Y.H. Kim and T. S. Park); 1♂, 2♀♀ (Dolsan I., Jeollanam-do: 20.iii.2004, Y.H. Kim and T.S. Park); 1♂, 33 juveniles (Geunjin port, Gangneung: 6.vi.2012); 3♂♂, 7♀♀ (Inwon port, Gangwon-do: 20.vi.2012); 15♂♂, 20♀♀ (Guryongpo port, Gyeonsangbuk-do: 20.vi.2012); 2♂♂ (Byeonggok-ri, Uljin-gun, Gyeong- sangbuk-do: 26.vii.2012). 30 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Sea Spiders

REMARKS: This species is most common in the intertidal and sublittoral zones along the coasts of Korea. Sublittoral occurrence is more frequent than intertidal. It is also frequently caught with fishing nets.

Genus Ammothella Verrill, 1900 Gin-son-jeop-si-ba-da-geo-mi-sok (긴손접시바다거미속)

Key to the species of genus Ammothella

1. Claw of legs rudimentary, smaller than auxiliary claw ·······································A. biunguiculata - Claw of legs normally developed, larger than auxiliary claw····················································2 2. Lateral process smooth, with 1 or 2 cylindrical spines, without dorsal tubercle ·············A. indica - Lateral processes with numerous feather-like setae and 1 dorsal tubercle ······A. monotuberculata

9. Ammothella biunguiculata (Dohrn, 1881) (Fig. 14) Kko-ma-gin-son-jeop-si-ba-da-geo-mi (꼬마긴손접시바다거미)

Ammothea bi-unguiculata Dohrn, 1881, p. 158, pl. 8, Figs. 1-3 (cited from Nakamura and Child, 1991). Ammothella biunguiculata: Stock, 1968, p. 14; 1974, p. 12, Fig. 1; Utinomi, 1971, p. 330; Kim, 1984, p. 539, Fig. 9b-f; Kim and Hong, 1986, p. 48; Hong and Kim, 1987, p. 143, Fig. 3; Nakamura and Child, 1991, p. 6; Miyazaki, 2002, p. 43.

Body (Fig. 14A, B) depressed and elongate. Body length of male 3.54 mm measured from anterior margin of cephalic somite to tip of fourth lateral process. Body width 1.10 mm across second lateral processes. Trunk distinctly segmented. Lateral process shorter than wide, with 2 small dorsal setae distally. Distance between lateral processes about half as wide as the process. Cephalic somite short and as wide as proboscis. Eye tubercle low, only slightly elevated in lateral view, with flat apex. Proboscis large in relation to trunk, 1.45×0.62 mm, spindle-shaped, and uniform in width. Abdomen elongate, 0.55 mm, extending far beyond first coxa of fourth leg, directed backwards, proximally narrowed and distally spindle-shaped, with few small setae dorsally. Chelifore (Fig. 14C) 3-segmented, very small, 0.26 mm long, less than 1/5 as long as proboscis. First segment wider than long. Second segment with about 3 setae distally but without tubercle or projection. Chela as long as wide, with 1 seta proximally but without any trace of fingers. Palp (Fig. 14D) 9-segmented. Second segment longest. Seventh and eighth segments characteristically expanded laterally and much wider than long. Lengths of first to terminal segments 0.15, 0.42, 0.14, 0.48, 0.16, 0.12, 0.07, 0.07, and 0.08 mm. Four distal segments densely setiferous. Oviger (Fig. 14E) 10-segmented. First segment thick and as long as wide. Second segment smooth, only with 2 setae distally. Fourth segment as long as the second one. Setae on fifth and sixth segments bifurcated at tip. Distal corner of seventh segment weakly expanded, with 6 setae. Eighth to terminal segments with 2, 1, and 2 compound spines, respectively (Fig. 14F). Lengths of Pantopoda: Ammotheidae: Ammothella 31

D E

G F

Fig. 14. Ammothella biunguiculata. A. habitus, dorsal; B. male habitus, lateral; C. chelifore; D. palp; E. male oviger; F. distal part of male oviger; G. male second leg; H. ale distal part of second leg. Scales: A, B, G=0.5 mm, C, F=0.05 mm; D, E=0.2 mm, H=0.1 mm. 32 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Sea Spiders first to terminal segments of male oviger 0.27, 0.54, 0.23, 0.54, 0.46, 0.10, 0.07, 0.04, 0.05, and 0.03 mm. Legs rather robust (Fig. 14G). First coxa wider than long, with minute setae. Second tibia longest of leg segments. Cement gland narrow and elongate, slightly shorter than half as long as femur. Tube of cement gland short and narrow. Propodus narrower proximally than distally, without spine on heel (Fig. 14H). Claw rudimentary. Auxiliary claw characteristically much larger than claw. Lengths of segments of male second leg in mm: first coxa 0.31, second coxa 0.73, third coxa 0.47, femur 0.95, first tibia 0.82, second tibia 1.12, tarsus 0.12, propodus 0.50, and auxiliary claw 0.15 mm.

DISTRIBUTION: Cosmopolitan in tropical and subtropical seas. Intertidal to shallow water. KOREA: GB, GN, JN, JJ. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 1♂ (Gal-do I., Gyeongsangnam-do: 18.vii.1982); 1♂ (Guryongpo, Gyeong- sangbuk-do: 11.viii.1982); 1♀ (Sirang-ri, Pusan: 18.x.1982); 4♂♂, 1♀ (Sirang-ri, Pusan: 26.iv.1983); 1♂ (Soheuksan I., Jeollanam-do: viii.1982, J.S. Hong); 1♀ (Hatae I., Jeollanam-do: viii.1982, J.S. Hong). REMARKS: One character is enough to distinguish this species from the all other sea spides known in Korea the claw of the legs is smaller than their auxiliary claw. Even when alive no movement of the animal can be observed. It dwells in sheltered habitats, such as crevices between rocks.

10. Ammothella indica Stock, 1954 (Fig. 15) Nam-bang-gin-son-jeop-si-ba-da-geo-mi (남방긴손접시바다거미)

Ammothella indica Stock, 1954, p. 113, Figs. 54-56c, 57a-c; 1968, p. 11; Utinomi 1959, p. 203, Figs. 2, 3; Kim, 1986, p. 5, Fig. 3; Kim and Hong, 1986, p. 48; Hong and Kim, 1987, p. 143; Child, 1988a: 5; Nakamura and Child, 1991: 7; Stock, 1994, p. 27.

Female: Body (Fig. 15A, B) small, 2.13 mm long measured from anterior tip of proboscis to distal end of fourth lateral process. Some setae on abdomen. Chelifore and legs rod-shaped, with blunt tip. Trunk almost cylindrical and distinctly segmented. Lateral processes longer or shorter than wide. Distances between lateral processes shorter than their width. Third and fourth lateral processes distinctly separated because of posteriorly directed fourth lateral process. Eye tubercle highly erected vertically and more than 3 times as long as wide, with tapering apex. Eyes located apically on eye tubercle. Proboscis large, spindle-shaped, 0.95 mm long, slightly shorter than trunk. Abdomen directed upwards, markedly elongate, 1.03 mm long, almost as long as trunk and distally snake-head-shaped. Chelifore (Fig. 15C) 3-segmented. Left and right chelifores fused at base. First segment with 1 or 2 setae dorso-distally. Second segment about twice as long as first segment and expanded distally. Chela small, wider than long, with vestigial fingers. Palp (Fig. 15D) very long and 9-segmented. Second and fourth segments longest of the segments. Fourth segment with distal 1/3 narrower than proximal part. Length of first to terminal segments 0.12, 0.42, 0.12, 0.43, 0.19, 0.22, 0.11, 0.11, and 0.18 mm. Each of 5 distal segments with numerous setae on ventral surface. Oviger 10-segmented. Four distal segments with 3, 3, 2, and 2 compound spines, respectively Pantopoda: Ammotheidae: Ammothella 33

D C

E F G

Fig. 15. Ammothella indica. A. habitus, dorsal; B. habitus, lateral; C. chelifore; D. palp; E. distal part of female oviger; F. fourth leg; G. distal part of fourth leg. Scales: A, B, F=0.5 mm, C, D, G=0.1 mm, E=0.05 mm. 34 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Sea Spiders

(Fig. 15E). Terminal segment very small, shorter than wide. Legs slender (Fig. 15F). Posterior legs shorter than anterior ones. Femur, first and second tibia similar in length. Propodus slightly curved and more than 3 times as long as wide (Fig. 15G). Propodal heel not pronounced, with 4 spines. Claw about half as long as propodus. Auxiliary claw relatively long, more than 2/3 as long as claw.

DISTRIBUTION: Indo-West Pacific. Intertidal-35 m (Nakamura, 1987). KOREA: GW, GN, JN. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 1♀(Geomun I., Jeollanam-do, depth 20 m: 13.viii.1984); 2♀♀ (Daepo-dong, Sokcho-shi: 10.x.1987); 1♀ (Yangpo port, intertidal, Gyeongsangbuk-do: 31.viii.2007); 2♀♀ (Tong- yeong port: 1.xi.2010); 7♀♀ (Yangpo port, Gyeongsangbuk-do: 20.x.2012). REMARKS: The elongate and vertically erected eye tubercle and abdomen are major characte- ristics of this species. The possession of rod-shaped setae on the lateral processes, legs, abdomen and chelifores are also the characteristic features of this species.

11. Ammothella monotuberculata Hong and Kim, 1987 (Figs. 16, 17) Oe-dol-gi-gin-son-jeop-si-ba-da-geo-mi (외돌기긴손접시바다거미)

Ammothella monotuberculata Hong and Kim, 1987, p. 144, Figs. 4, 5.

Male: Body (Fig. 16A, B) relatively large. Body length 3.58 mm measured from anterior margin of cephalic somite to distal tip of fourth lateral process. Body width 1.89 mm measured across second lateral processess. Trunk oval in dorsal view, distinctly articulated between first and second and between second and third trunk somites. Lateral processes separated from one another by slightly more than their distal diameter, twice as long as wide, and armed with single dorso-distal tubercle and many lateral spines each. Each anterior corner of cephalic somite armed with 1 large tubercle. Ocular tubercle elongate, about 3 times as long as its middle diameter and rounded at tip. Eyes located at tip of ocular tubercle. Proboscis oval, widest in the middle. Abdomen elongate, extending to midway of second coxa of last legs, and slightly curved upwards in the middle. Chelifore (Fig. 16C) 3-segmented. First segments of scapes joined basally and both armed with 1 long dorso-distal tubercle and several complex spines on basal half. Second segment of scape twice as long as first one, armed with many stiff spines. Chela small, as long as wide. Chela fingers vestigial, located at each distero-lateral corner. Palp (Fig. 16D) 9-segmented. Second segment longest. Fourth segment with a faint line in 3/5 region of segment length. Five terminal segments armed with many long setae on ventral margin. Oviger 10-segmented. In male oviger (Fig. 16E), first segment wider than long. Second segment smooth, with few setae distally. Third segment weakly curved and shorter than the second one. Fourth segment longest, slightly widened distally, with many setae. Fifth segment slightly shorter than fourth one, with many setae on outer margin. Five terminal segments short. Sixth segment with 2 or 3 thick recurved spines on inner margin and many spines. Seventh segment as long as sixth one, with 1 denticulate spine and several spines near outer distal corner. Ninth segment longer than eighth one and armed only with 1 denticulate spine. Terminal segment short, as long as wide, with 2 terminal denticulate spines. Female oviger (Fig. 17C) less setiferous, armed with 2, 2, 1, and 2 compound spines on seventh to terminal segments, respectively (Fig. 17D). Pantopoda: Ammotheidae: Ammothella 35

A D C

Fig. 16. Ammothella monotuberculata. A. habitus, dorsal; B. habitus, lateral; C. chelifore; D. palp; E. oviger; F. distal part of oviger. Scales: A, B, E=0.5 mm, C, D=0.2 mm, F=0.1 mm.

Legs slender (Fig. 17A). First coxa armed with 1 dorsal tubercle, 1-3 complex spines on proximo- lateral margin and 1 or 2 simple distero-lateral spines. Second coxa twice as long as the first one. Third coxa subequal in length with first one. Femur shorter than first tibia. Femoral cement gland placed at 4/5 region of segment length, with short tube. First and second tibiae nearly equal in length. Both tibiae spiniferous. Tarsus short, slightly longer than wide. Propodus curved, longer than half length of second tibia, without heel, but armed with 4 or 5 large heel spines (Fig. 17B). 36 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Sea Spiders

B A

Fig. 17. Ammothella monotuberculata. A. male first leg; B. distal part of male third leg; C. female oviger; D. distal part of female oviger. Scales: A=0.5 mm, B, C=0.2 mm, D=0.1 mm.

Sole armed with many short spines. Claw more than half length of propodus. Auxiliary claws slender, longer than half length of claw. Lengths of segments of third leg (in mm): first coxa 0.40, second coxa 0.75, third coxa 0.43, femur 1.35, first tibia 1.51, second tibia 1.50, tarsus 0.15, propodus 0.75, claw 0.48, and auxiliary claw 0.29 mm.

DISTRIBUTION: Korea. KOREA: GN. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 3♂♂, 6♀♀ (type specimens, Ulsan Bay, Ulsan, from 20 m depth: 13.ii.1984, J.S. Hong). REMARKS: This species is similar to Ammothella cymosa Nakamura and Child, 1983 known from Japan. But the segmented trunk and the presence of tubercles on lateral process, first coxa, and first segment of chelifore in A. monotuberculata are features distinguishing this species from A. cymosa. Another species similar to A. monotuberculata is A. rostrata Losina-Losinsky, 1961 reported from the Siberian coast. Unlike A. monotuberculata, the species from Siberian coast has more than 2 tubercles on lateral processes and 2 or 3 slender tubercles on the first coxa of legs. Pantopoda: Ammotheidae: Cilunculus 37

Genus Cilunculus Loman, 1908 Eo-kkae-hom-ba-da-geo-mi-sok (어깨홈바다거미속)

This genus is very similar to Ammothella. According to Nakamura and Child (1983), the presence of a hood is the principal character of the genus Cilunculus separating it from Ammothella.

12. Cilunculus armatus (Böhm, 1879) Eo-kkae-hom-ba-da-geo-mi (어깨홈바다거미)

Lecythorhynchus armatus Böhm, 1879, p. 141. Parazetes pubescens: Ortmann, 1891, p. 163, pl. 24, Fig. 5a-d. Ammothea armata: Schimketitsch, 1909, p. 4, Fig. 2. Cilunculus armatus: Loman, 1911, p. 9, pl. I, Figs. 1-8; Hedgpeth, 1949, p. 294, Fig. 43; Utinomi, 1955, p. 27, Fig. 16; 1959, p. 205; 1965, p. 337, Fig. 25; 1971, p. 334; Losina-Losinsky, 1961, p. 108; Nakamura and Child, 1983, p. 33; Nakamura, 1987, p. 33, pls. 30, 39; Miyazaki and Makioka, 1993, p. 127.

DISTRIBUTION: Korea (Korea Strait), Japan-Sea of Okhotsk (Nakamura, 1987), East China Sea (Nakamura and Child, 1991). Shallow water-700 m. KOREA: GN. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: None. REMARKS: Nakamura and Child (1991) reported the occurrence of this species in the Korea Strait (33°53.6′N, 128°33.4′E). According to Nakamura and Child (1983), Cilunculus armatus is easily recognized by the short bulbous proboscis, a general setose appearance with crowded lateral processes, and the tuberculate hood overreaching the short chelifores. In addition, as mentioned in a key provided by Nakamura and Child (1983), C. armatus has a 3-segmented chelifore, a trunk with median dorsal tubercles on each segment, and legs with many short setae.

Genus Paranymphon Caullery, 1896 Neo-do-jeop-si-ba-da-geo-mi-sok (너도접시바다거미속)

13. Paranymphon magnidigitum Hong and Kim, 1987 (Figs. 18, 19) Keun-son-neo-do-jeop-si-ba-da-geo-mi (큰손너도접시바다거미)

Paranymphon magnidigitatum Hong and Kim, 1987, p. 150, Figs. 10, 11; Nakamura and Child, 1991, p. 24.

Body (Fig. 18A, B) glabrous. Body shape and trunk segmentation as in P. spinosum. Cephalic somite wider than long. Lateral processes separated from one another by more than their distal 38 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Sea Spiders

A B

E C

Fig. 18. Paranymphon magnidigitum, male. A. habitus, dorsal; B. anterior part of body, lateral; C. chelifore; D. palp; E. oviger; F. distal part of oviger. Scales: A, B=0.5 mm, C-E=0.2 mm, F=0.1 mm. Pantopoda: Ammotheidae: Paranymphon 39

B A E

Fig. 19. Paranymphon magnidigitum. A. spinules on lateral processes; B. female fourth leg; C. female distal part of fourth leg; D. female oviger; E. distal part of female oviger. Scales: A=0.05 mm; B, C=0.5 mm, D=0.2 mm, E= 0.1 mm.

diameter, with stellate spinules on their surfaces and 1 dorso-distal tubercle. This tubercle not longer than distal diameter of lateral process. Abdomen directed upwards at an angle of about 45° and shorter than last lateral process. Ocular tubercle erect, located on anterior area of cephalic somite, about 3 times as high as its diameter, and rounded at tip. Eye invisible. Proboscis tubular, slightly longer than cephalic somite. Chelifore (Fig. 18C) 2-segmented. Scape extending over proboscis, slightly curved ventrally in its distal part, with several setae distally. Fingers large and chelate. Movable finger very long, 40 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Sea Spiders roundly curved, with 10-12 large recurved teeth. Immovable finger wide, curved at tip, with 11 or 12 large erect teeth. Palp (Fig. 18D) 7-segmented. Second segment with a swelling in the middle. Third segment much narrower than but as long as second segment. Distal segments gradually shorter and narrower and each armed with many setae ventrally and distally. Oviger 10-segmented. Fifth segment longest, armed with 2 recurved spines, one on proximal corner of inner side and the other in proximal fifth of outer margin. Formula of compound spines on 4 distal segments 4, 4, 1, and 1 in male oviger (Fig. 18F), and 3, 3, 1, 2 for female oviger (Fig. 19D, E). Compound spine each with 1 or 2 pairs of denticles. Terminal claw longer than terminal segment and armed or unarmed with denticles on inner margin. Legs slender (Fig. 19B) and uniform in length. First coxa with 2 conspicuous tubercles on each dorso-distal corner; these tubercles as long as those on lateral processes. Genital opening present on second coxa of thid and fourth legs. Femoral cement glands about 15 in number, but hardly visible. First and second tibiae and femur nearly equal in length. Tarsus about 3/5 as long as propodus (Fig. 18C). Propodus and claw like those of P. spinosum. Lengths of segments of fourth leg in male (in mm): first coxa 0.50, second coxa 0.62, third coxa 0.40, femur 0.90, first tibia 0.91, second tibia 0.85, tarsus 0.38, propodus 0.60, and claw 0.42 mm.

DISTRIBUTION: Korea, Japan. 49-80 m. KOREA: JN. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 2♂♂, 1♀ (type specimens, Sinan-gun, Jeollanam-do (35°00′N 125°10′E), muddy bottom, depth 59 m: viii.1982, J.S. Hong). REMARKS: This species was found on muddy bottoms of the Yellow Sea. Judging from the absence of eyes on the eye tubercle, it is thought to live in dark water. Paranymphon magnidigitum can be differentiated from Paranymphon spinosum as follows: the distal tubercle on lateral processes, eye tubercle, and abdomen are shorter than those of P. spinosum, the fingers and their teeth are more developed, the length ratio of propodus to tarsus is greater, and the body is larger.

14. Paranymphon spinosum Caullery, 1896(Figs. 20, 21) Neo-do-jeop-si-ba-da-geo-mi (너도접시바다거미)

Paranymphon spinosum Caullery, 1896, p. 361, pl. 12 Figs. 1-6; Hedgpeth, 1948, p. 253, Fig. 41; Stock, 1978, p. 204, Fig. 5d-g; Child, 1982, p. 18; Bamber, 1983, p. 69; Nakamura and Child, 1983, p. 38; Chimenz and Cottarelli, 1986, p. 138, Figs. 2-13; Hong and Kim, 1987, p. 149, Figs. 8, 9; Stock, 1987, p. 506; Nakamura and Child, 1991, p. 24; Child, 1992, p. 8 (key), 31, Fig. 14; Bamber and Thurston, 1995, p. 132.

Body (Fig. 20A, B) generally similar to that of P. magnidigitum, without sexual dimorphism. Body length 1.53 mm measured from anterior margin of cephalic somite to distal tip of fourth lateral process. Body width 1.65 mm across second lateral processes. Trunk unsegmented, but with sclerotization between junction of somites. Cephalic somite much wider than long. Lateral processes separated from one another by a distance much wider than width of lateral process itself. Each lateral process widened distally, with 1 large dorso-distal tubercle; this tubercle of second to Pantopoda: Ammotheidae: Paranymphon 41

D A

C B

Fig. 20. Paranymphon spinosum. A. habitus, dorsal; B. habitus, lateral; C. spinules on lateral process; D. chelifore; E. palp. Scales: A, B=0.5 mm, C=0.05 mm; D, E=0.1 mm. fourth lateral processes distinctly longer than distal width of lateral process. Lateral margins of lateral processes with multi-branched spines. Abdomen 0.75 mm long, erected from body axis in an angle of 45�, widest in middle, and extending over fourth lateral process. Eye tubercle 0.75 mm long, highly erected, located anteriorly on cephalic somite, and much longer than proboscis, with blunt apex. Eyes absent. Proboscis cylindrical, becoming gradually narrower from distal third to apex. Chelifore (Fig. 20D) 2-segmented. Scape longer than proboscis, distally broadened and slightly curved medially, with several setae distally. Fingers rather well-developed; movable finger longer than immovable one, arched in distal third, and armed with about 9 teeth. Immovable finger weakly curved in distal third, with 7 small teeth. All teeth on fingers directed to tip of fingers and much smaller than those of P. magnidigitum. Palp (Fig. 20E) 7-segmented. Second segment expanded in middle, like a large tubercle. Third segment more slender but longer than second segment, as in P. magnidigitum. Four distal segments 42 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Sea Spiders

A B E

Fig. 21. Paranymphon spinosum. A. male oviger; B. distal part of male oviger; C. male fourth leg; D. female oviger; E. female third leg. Scales: A, D=0.2 mm, B=0.1 mm, C, E=0.5 mm.

gradually becoming narrower and shorter from proximal to distal, each with numerous setae on ventral and distal surfaces. Oviger 10-segmented (Fig. 21A, D). Fifth segment longest; this segment in male with 1 pair of spines on inner and outer sides of proximal region. Four distal segments (Fig. 20B) with 4, 3, 1, and 1 compound spines, respectively; each compound spine laterally with 2-5 pairs of denticles. Terminal claw longer than terminal segment, with or without denticles on inner margin. Legs uniform in length, similar in form to those of P. magnidigitum but, unlike in the latter species, propodus 1.3 times as long as tarsus and claw with 1 small seta proximally (Fig. 20C, E). Lengths of segments of male fourth leg in mm: first coxa 0.33, second coxa 0.60, third coxa 0.33, femur 1.05, first tibia 0.95, second tibia 1.03, tarsus 0.40, propodus 0.55, and claw 0.40.

DISTRIBUTION: Yellow sea (Korean side), Japan, North Atlantic. 7-2000 m (Nakamura and Child, 1991). Pantopoda: Ammotheidae: Tanystylum 43

KOREA: JN (72-102 m). SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 2♀♀ (near Soheuksan I., Jeollanam-do, 33°40′N 124°00′E, muddy bottom, depth 74 m: xi.1984, J.S. Hong); 1♀(eastern area of Soheuksan I., depth 92 m: viii.1982, J.S. Hong); 1♂ (near Soheuksan I., depth 85 m: viii.1982, J.S. Hong); 1♀ (near Soheuksan I., depth 70 m: xi. 1984, J.S. Hong); 1♀ (near Soheuksan I., depth 72 m: viii.1983, J.S. Hong); 1♂ (off Sinan, 33°50′N 125° 10′E, depth 102 m: viii.1983, J.S. Hong). REMARKS: This species has been reported mainly from the Atlantic but occasionally from the Pacific as well in recent years.

Genus Tanystylum Miers, 1879 Kko-ma-ba-da-geo-mi-sok (꼬마바다거미속)

15. Tanystylum scrutator Stock, 1954 (Fig. 22) Kko-ma-ba-da-geo-mi (꼬마바다거미)

Tanystylum scrutator Stock, 1954, p. 142, fig. 70; Utinomi, 1971, p. 337; Nakamura and Child, 1983, p. 41; Kim and Hong, 1986, p. 50; Nakamura and Child, 1991, p. 24.

Body (Fig. 22A, B) small, 1.52 mm long measured from anterior tip of proboscis to distal end of fourth lateral process. Trunk disk-shaped. Trunk width 0.84 mm across second lateral processes. Proboscis 0.66×0.32 mm, gradually narrowing from proximal to distal. Cephalic somite short, 0.51 mm wide, with 1 dorsal seta on both sides. Eye tubercle located at junction between cephalic somite and first thoracic somite, slightly longer than proximal width, with pointed apex. Eyes large, with vertical diameter larger than lateral diameter. First to third lateral processes in contact with one another, with 1 small, setule-tipped tubercle on anterior and posterior dorso-distal corners, but fourth lateral process without these tubercles. Abdomen 0.46 mm long, truncated and forming an angle of about 30°in lateral view, extending slightly beyond distal end of fourth lateral process, and armed with several spiniform setae. Chelifore absent, but its trace present as seta on antero-dorsal margin of cephalic somite. Palp (Fig. 22C) 5-segmented and stout. First segment 0.10 mm long and shorter than wide, without setae. Second segment 0.16 mm long, with about 3 setae distally. Third segment 0.37 mm long and longest. Fourth and fifth segments 0.10 and 0.15 mm long, respectively. Fifth segment setiferous. Oviger 10-segmented. Male oviger (Fig. 22D) with distal projection on seventh segment. Fifth segment longest. Sixth to terminal segments armed with 6, 8, 4(5), 2(3), and 2 spiniform setae, respectively (Fig. 22E). Female oviger armed with 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, and 2 spiniform setae respectively on fifth to terminal segments. Legs short and stout (Fig. 22F). Posterior legs shorter than anterior ones. First coxa with 3 dorso- distal tubercles (anterior, middle, and posterior ones), middle one largest of them, but in female this middle tubercle very inconspicuous. All legs with genital pore on second coxa. All legs of male with cement gland in dorso-distal region of femur. Tube of cement gland slightly longer than wide. Femur and second coxa equal in length. First and second tibiae each with 3 projections on dorsal margin. Propodus weakly curved, with 3 or 4 spines on heel. Claw strong and slightly 44 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Sea Spiders

F A

Fig. 22. Tanystylum scrutator, male. A. habitus, dorsal; B. habitus, lateral; C. palp; D. oviger; E. distal part of oviger; F. fourth leg. Scales: A, B, F=0.2 mm, C, D=0.1 mm, E=0.05 mm. Pantopoda: Ammotheidae: Tanystylum 45 more than half as long as propodus. Auxiliary claw less than half as long as claw.

DISTRIBUTION: Korea (Intertidal-20 m), Japan. KOREA: GW, GB, JN. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 4♀♀ (Anin, depth 20 m, Gangneung: 2.v.1982); 13♂♂, 23♀♀ (Geojin, depth 5 m, Gangwon-do: 5.viii.1982); 1♂(Guryongpo, Gyeongsangbuk-do: 10.viii.1982); 1♂, 4♀♀ (Dodong, Ullung I.: 12.x.1982); 1♀ (Geomun I., Jeollanam-do: 11.vii.1984); 1♀ (Hong-do I., Jeolla- nam-do: viii.1982, J.S. Hong); 5♂♂, 2♀♀ (Soheuksan I., Jeollanam-do: viii.1982, J.S. Hong); 1♀ (Hatae I., Jeollanam-do: viii.1982, J.S. Hong); 3♂♂, 2♀♀ (Jagae I., Wando-gun, Jeollanam-do: 22.viii.1982, J.S. Hong); 8♂♂, 11♀♀ (Jeungsan-ri, Doanghae-shi, Gangwon-do: 13.iii.1999); 1 specimen (Chuja I.: vii.1985). REMARKS: This species lives mainly in sublittoral habitats and is only occasionally found in the intertidal. The elongate, strongly tapering proboscis permits to easily identify this species.

16. Tanystylum ulreungum Kim, 1983 (Fig. 23) Ul-reung-kko-ma-ba-da-geo-mi (울릉꼬마바다거미)

Tanystylum ulreungum Kim, 1983, p. 467, figs. 1, 2; Kim and Hong, 1986, p. 50; Hong and Kim, 1987, p. 152. Tanystylum nabetensis Nakamura and Child, 1983, p. 39, fig. 13.

Body (Fig. 23A) small. Body length 0.96 mm measured from anterior tip of proboscis to distal end of fourth lateral process. Trunk circular, disk-shaped, without segmentations. Length of trunk 0.36 mm, measured from frontal border of cephalic somite to fourth lateral process. Lateral processes in contact with each other, usually with 1 spinule dorso-distally, without tubercle. Cephalic somite short, with 1 spinule on each frontal corner. Eye tubercle large, wider than high, with 1 tall, conical but not pointed, apical tubercle anteriorly. Eyes large and well marked in lateral view. Abdomen directed upwards at an angle of about 30°and extending to middle of coxa 1, with round prominent elevation at base; anterior border of basal elevation armed with 2 spinules; abdomen terminated in nipple-shaped end. Proboscis (Fig. 23B) rather robust, about as long as trunk, shorter than twice the basal width, slightly convex along margins, more distinctly curved from distal third, with truncated end. Length of proboscis 0.34 mm. Basal width of proboscis 0.19 mm. Chelifore 1-segmented, vestigial and tube-shaped, with about 3 small spinules. Palp (Fig. 23C) 5-segmented; third segment longest; fifth segment about 3 times as long as its maximum width; ventral sides of fourth and fifth segments and distal side of fifth segmet with long setae. Lengths of segments from proximal to distal 0.06, 0.06, 0.16, 0.05, and 0.11 mm. Oviger 10-segmented in both sexes. Male oviger (Fig. 23D) about 2.8 times as long as palp; first segment wider than long; third segment half as long as second; second and fifth segments subequal in length, the latter arcuated; second to fifth segments armed scarcely with small spinules; sixth segment armed with small recurved spine on outer margin, stout recurved spine on inner margin, and 4 distal spines; seventh segment with 2 distal spines on outer margin; eighth segment with 3 distal spines; ninth segment rather elongate, with 1 spine near inner middle; tenth segment with 2 long spines ramified at end. 46 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Sea Spiders

C A B

Fig. 23. Tanystylum ulreungum. male: A. habitus, dorsal; B. proboscis, ventral; C. palp; D. oviger; E. fourth leg; female: F. oviger. Scales: A-E=0.1 mm, F=0.05 mm. Pantopoda: Ascorhynchidae: Ascorhynchus 47

Female oviger (Fig. 23F) much smaller than that of male, without seta on first to fourth segments. Fifth and sixth segments each with 1 thick seta. Seventh to ninth segments each with 1 spine. Terminal segment with 2 spines. Spines on segments bifurcate or trifurcate at tip. Legs weakly setose dorsally (Fig. 23E). Two anterior pairs of legs longer than posterior two. Coxa 1 wider than long, with 1 or 2 spinules each on anterior corner, mid-dorsally and on posterior corner. Femur being longest segment, with ventral swelling. Tibial segments almost equal in length, with 4 dorsal elevations on tibia 1 and 3 elevations on tibia 2; each elevation bearing tuft of setae. Tarsus short, with 1 spine and several setae ventrally. Propodus curved, 3 times as long as its width, with 3 large basal spines and 5 or 6 weak spines on sole. Claw large, longer than half length of propodus. Auxiliary claw rather slender and longer than half length of claw. Lengths of segments of leg 4 (in mm): first coxa 0.10, second coxa 0.18, third coxa 0.19, femur 0.39, first tibia 0.35, second tibia 0.41, tarsus 0.05, propodus 0.33, and claw 0.14.

DISTRIBUTION: Korea, Japan. KOREA: GW, GB. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 1♂, Tongumi, Ullung I., 13.x.1982; 2♂♂, 4♀♀, Namyang, Ullung I., 2.x. 1981, J.S. Hong; 1♀, Soheuksan I., Jeollanam-do, VII 1982; 8♂♂, 11♀♀, Jeungsan-ri, Donghae-shi, Gangwon-do, 13.iii.1983. REMARKS: Tanystylum nabetensis Nakamura and Child, 1983 is the junior synonym of T. ulrengum Kim, 1983.

Family Ascorhynchidae Hoek, 1881 Ko-ba-da-geo-mi-gwa (코바다거미과)

Body elongate, with widely spaced lateral processes. Proboscis large, fusiform and usually directed postero-ventrally. Chelifores present, with 1- or 2-segmented scape; chela rudimentary. Palps 9- or 10-segmented in both sexes. Ovigers 10-segmented in both sexes. Legs without auxiliary claw. 8 genera.

Genus Ascorhynchus Sars, 1878 Ko-ba-da-geo-mi-sok (코바다거미속)

Key to the species of genus Ascorhynchus

1. Palp 9-segmented; neck wider than long; abdomen recurved ventrally··························A. stocki - Palp 10-segmented; neck longer than wide; abdomen straight··················································2 2. Leg 1 without claw; first coxa of legs with 2 dorsal tubercles ······································A. ramipes - Leg 1 with claw; first coxa of legs without dorsal tubercle·····································A. glaberrimus 48 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Sea Spiders

17. Ascorhynchus glaberrimus Schimkewitsch, 1913 (Fig. 24) Mae-kkeun-ko-ba-da-geo-mi (매끈코바다거미)

Ascorhynchus glaberrimus Schimketitsch, 1913, p. 242, pl. 3a figs. 8-14; Hedgpeth, 1949, p. 293; Uti- nomi, 1955, p. 26, fig. 15; 1959, p. 208; 1962, p. 100; 1971, p. 334; Nakamura and Child, 1983, p. 23, fig. 7; Kim and Hong, 1986, p. 48; Hong and Kim, 1987, p. 146; Nakamura, 1987, p. 29, pls. 25, 26; Nakamura and Child, 1991, p. 7; Bamber, 2004, p. 4.

Male: Body (Fig. 24A, B) large, 9.31 mm long from anterior tip of proboscis to distal end of fourth lateral process. Body width 3.10 mm across fourth lateral processes. Cephalic somite elongate, with laterally broadened anterior region. Trunk distinctly segmented. Lateral processes nearly twice as long as wide, separated from one another by their width, smooth without setae, with 1 weak dorso-distal tubercle. Proboscis consisting of 3 parts, slightly longer than cephalic somite, with middle part distinctly expanded laterally. Abdomen slender, directed backwards, and extending to middle of first coxa of fourth leg. Eye tubercle located in middle of cephalic somite, wider than long, with apex located posteriorly on eye tubercle. Eyes small and located midway on eye tubercle. Chelifore (Fig. 24C) 2-segmented, without seta or tubercle. First segment stout. Fingers of chela with sclerotized distal part. Palp (Fig. 24D) 9-segmented. First segment very short, about 1/3 times as long as wide. Second segment longest, followed by fourth segment. First to fourth segments smooth without setae. Five distal segments slender, uniform in width, with many setae; fifth segment shortest of these five, remaining 4 segments subequal in length. Oviger (Fig. 24E) 10-segmented. Fourth segment longest. Proximal 6 segments smooth without setae or tubercles. Four distal segments gradually narrowing from proximal to distal, each segment armed with 1 row of large spines and another row of small spines. Numbers of these spines on seventh to terminal segment in general 7, 8, 11, and 9 large spines and 7, 10, 14, and 6 small ones. Claw distinct, not longer than twice the length of terminal segment (Fig. 24F). Legs slender (Fig. 24H), elongate and smooth, each with 8-11 cement glands on dorsal side of femur. These cement glands sac-like, each with minute, sieve-like pores. Tarsus becoming shorter from anterior to posterior legs (Fig. 24G, I). In contrast, claws becoming longer from anterior to posterior legs. Claw of first leg about 0.1 times as long as propodus but that of fourth leg more than half as long as propodus. Auxiliary claw absent.

DISTRIBUTION: Korea, Japan. KOREA: GN, JN. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 1♂, 2♀♀ (Gwangyang Bay, Jeollanam-do: ii.1983, J.S. Hong); 1♂ (Hansan I., Gyeongsangnam-do: viii.1984, J.S. Hong). REMARKS: According to Nakamura and Child (1991) this species lives within a depth range from the intertidal down to 230 m. Pantopoda: Ascorhynchidae: Ascorhynchus 49

A C

D G H I

Fig. 24. Ascorhynchus glaberrimus. A. habitus, dorsal; B. habitus, lateral; C. chelifore; D. palp; E. oviger; F. distal part of oviger; G. first leg; H. second leg; I. third leg. Scales: A, B, H=1 mm; C=0.2 mm, D, E, G, I=0.5 mm, F=0.1 mm. 50 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Sea Spiders

18. Ascorhynchus ramipes (Böhm, 1879) (Fig. 25) Dol-gi-ko-ba-da-geo-mi (돌기코바다거미)

Gnaptorhynchus ramipes Böhm, 1879, p. 56, fig. 1. Ascorhynchus ramipes: Hoek, 1881, p. 25; Loman, 1911, p. 6 (part); Hedgpeth,1949, p. 292; Utinomi, 1959, p. 207, fig. 4B; Utinomi, 1962, p. 99; Utinomi, 1971, p. 332; Nakamura and Child, 1983, p. 29; Kim, 1986, p. 6; Kim and Hong, 1986, p. 50; Hong and Kim, 1987, p. 146; Nakamura, 1987, p. 31, pl. 28; Nakamura and Child, 1991, p. 8. Ascorhynchus latum: Stock, 1953, p. 304; 1954, p. 128.

Body (Fig. 25A) slender and elongate. Body length 9.07 mm, measured from anterior tip of proboscis to distal end of abdomen. Proboscis (Fig. 25C) spindle-shaped, consisting of 3 parts as in general of the genus and 3.38×1.47 mm. Cephalic somite slender and elongate but shorter than proboscis. Eye tubercle located in middle of cephalic somite. Cephalic somite with small tubercles

B A

F E

Fig. 25. Ascorhynchus ramipes. A. habitus, dorsal; B. cephalic region, dorsal; C. proboscis, ventral; D. palp; E. first leg; F. second leg. Scales: A, C-F=1 mm; B=0.5 mm. Pantopoda: Ascorhynchidae: Ascorhynchus 51 on anterior margin and near base of chelifore. Thoracic somites, except fourth one, with 1 small tubercle postero-dorsally. Similar tubercle present dorso-distally on lateral processes. Lateral processes more than twice as long as wide, separated from one another more widely between posterior legs than between anterior legs. Abdomen 2.51 mm long, elongate, slender, rod-shaped, and extending to end of second coxa of fourth leg. Chelifore (Fig. 25B) slender, narrow proximally and gradually widening distally, less than half as long as proboscis. Chela longer than wide, without fingers. Palp (Fig. 25D) 10-segmented and slender. First and second segments short, each wider than long. Third segment longest. First to fourth segments smooth. Fifth segment with 1 large seta near middle and setules on distal region. Sixth to terminal segment gradually narrowing from proximal to distal, with many setules. Oviger 10-segmented. First leg larger than other legs. Second to fourth legs similar in length. All legs with 1 pair of slender tubercles on distal corners of first coxa; these tubercles about 4 times as long as wide. Second coxa with 1 dorsal tubercle at distal third of segment. First leg without claw (Fig. 25E); tarsus 2.60 mm long, about 1.5 times as long as propodus (1.71 mm long). Second to fourth legs with claw (Fig. 25F). Lengths of second tibia, tarsus, propodus, and claw of second leg 2.42, 0.95, 1.00, and 0.84 mm, respectively.

DISTRIBUTION: Korea, Japan, Northern Chinese coast, Gulf of Thailand, Indian Ocean. 10-200 m (Nakamura, 1987). KOREA: GN, JN, JB, CN, GG. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 1♀(Incheon: 9.v.1971, H.S. Kim); 1♂, 1♀(Deogjeok I.: 15.v.1976, H.S. Kim); 1♀ (Gamak Bay, Jeollanam-do: x.1980, J.S. Hong); 1♂, 4♀♀ (Garorim Bay, Chungcheongnam-do: x.1980, J.S. Hong); 2♀♀ (Garorim Bay: 29.i.1981, J.S. Hong); 1♀ (Garorim Bay: ii.1981, J.S. Hong); 1♂, 1♀(Garorim Bay: x.1981, J.S. Hong); numerous specimens (Garorim Bay, by trawl, xi.1981, J.S. Hong); 1♀(Hansan I., Gyeongsangnam-do: ix.1984, J.S. Hong). REMARKS: This species has rather frequently been caught with fishing nets along the coast of the Yellow Sea. Nakamura (1987) noted that it was most common in depth of less than 15 m.

19. Ascorhynchus stocki Hong and Kim, 1987 (Fig. 26) Jo-gae-ko-ba-eda-geo-mi (조개코바다거미)

Ascorhynchus stocki Hong and Kim, 1987, p. 146, figs. 6, 7. Ascorhynchus spec. A Stock, 1953, p. 305, fig. 16.

Body (Fig. 26A, B) glabrous and stocky. Trunk distinctly segmented and 4.13 mm long measured from frontal margin of cephalic segment to tip of last lateral process. Trunk width 2.80 mm across second lateral processes. Length of proboscis 1.83 mm. Length of abdomen 0.90 mm. Proboscis and abdomen recurved ventrally and concealed under trunk, not seen in dorsal view of specimen (Fig. 26B). Cephalic somite with strongly broadened anterior half and narrower posterior half. Eye tubercle located in middle of cephalic somite, wider than long, with blunt apex. Eyes large, but faintly pigmented. Lateral process less than twice as long as wide and distally broadened. Interval between lateral processes narrow, not exceeding 1/3 of width of process. Proboscis large, 52 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Sea Spiders

A B

C E

Fig. 26. Ascorhynchus stocki. A. habitus, dorsal; B. habitus, lateral; C. palp; D. male oviger; E. distal part of first leg; F. male third leg; G. female oviger; H. distal part of female oviger. Scales: A, B, E, F=1 mm; C, D, G=0.5 mm, H=0.1 mm. Pantopoda: Ascorhynchidae: Nymphonella 53

1.83 mm long, recurved ventrally and directed backward, with weak constriction at proximal third. Abdomen 0.90 mm long, recurved ventrally and directed anteriorly. Chelifores widely separated from each other. Scape very stout. Fingers of chela distinct, but lacking tooth. Palp (Fig. 26C) 9-segmented. Three proximal segments smooth. Second segment narrower proximally and broader distally. Fourth segment longest. Fifth segment slightly longer than wide. Four distal segments similar in length, each about twice as long as wide. Terminal segment terminating in spiniform tubercle. Oviger (Fig. 26D, G) 10-segmented. First to sixth segments smooth. Fourth segment longest and widest. Four distal segments each armed with spines; these spines simple and acute in male but serrate in female. Seventh and eighth segments with additional row of small spinules. Terminal segment with short and blunt spine. Legs glabrous, with few minute setae on dorsal surface of first and second tibiae (Fig. 26F). First tibia longest. Cement gland located in dorso-distal region of femur; gland tube short, narrow and curved in distal part. Claws of legs becoming longer from anterior to posterior legs (Fig. 26E, F). Lengths of segments of third leg (in mm): first coxa 0.68, second coxa 0.88, third coxa 0.60, femur 1.60, first tibia 2.04, second tibia 1.44, tarsus 0.60, propodus 1.04, and claw 0.60.

DISTRIBUTION: Korea, South Pacific (Timor). KOREA: GN, JN. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 1♂ (holotype, Hansan I., depth 8 m, muddy bottom, Gyeongsangnam-do: viii.1984, J.S. Hong); 1♀ (Gwangyang Bay, from community of pinnid clams, muddy bottom, Jeol- lanam-do: vii.1983, J.S. Hong); 4♂♂, 1♀ (Gamak Bay, depth 5 m, muddy bottom, Jeollanam-do: ix.1980, J.S. Hong). REMARKS: Stock (1953) described this species from the South Pacific (Timor) under the name of “Ascorhynchus spec. A” without providing a scientific name because of lack of a fully grown adult. Kim and Hong (1987) gave the name A. monotuberculata to Stock’s specimens and newly-discovered adult specimens from Korea. The specimens of Kim and Hong (1987) were collected from several locations in shallow water of the southern coast of Korea where the pinnid clam Atrina pectinata (Linnaeus) lives. The collected pycnogonid specimens were all fatty and had a glabrous, weak exoskeleton, without setae, which suggests that they are parasitic in clams.

Genus Nymphonella Ohshima, 1927 Deo-deum-ba-da-geo-mi-sok (더듬바다거미속)

20. Nymphonella tapetis Ohshima, 1927 (Figs. 27, 28) Deo-deum-ba-da-geo-mi (더듬바다거미)

Nymphonella tapetis Ohshima, 1927, p. 262; 1935, p. 95; Arita, 1936, p. 469; Utinomi, 1971, p. 331; Arnaud, 1988, p. 42. Nymphonella lecalvezi Guille and Soyer, 1968, p. 346; Munilla, 1988, p. 194.

Male: Body (Fig. 27A) 5.65 mm long measured from apex of proboscis to tip of abdomen. Body 54 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Sea Spiders

A B

C D

Fig. 27. Nymphonella tapetis. A. habitus, dorsal; B. cephalic region, ventral; C. cephalic region, dorsal; D. palp. Scales: A=0.1 mm, B-D=0.5 mm. Pantopoda: Ascorhynchidae: Nymphonella 55

B C

Fig. 28. Nymphonella tapetis. A. oviger; B. distal part of oviger; C. first leg; D. second leg. Scales: A, C, D=0.5 mm, B=0.1 mm. 56 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Sea Spiders width 2.19 mm across second lateral processes. Proboscis (Fig. 27B) 1.60 mm long, straight, directed antero-ventrally, divided into distal and proximal parts by constriction; distal part occupying 66% of length of whole proboscis, with maximum width of 0.57 mm across expanded proximal third; proximal part 0.44 mm wide across widest distal third. Cephalic somite not articulated from trunk, with 2 pairs of lateral expansions (Fig. 27C): anterior expansion as base of chelifore and more projected, prosterior expansion as base of oviger. Eye tubercle low and located in anterior region of cephalic somite; eyes large and weakly pigmented. Three trunk articulations distinct. Lateral processes more than twice as long as wide, with small, setule-tipped tubercle on antero-distal corner and lager tubercle on postero-distal corner. Interval between legs wide, about twice as wide as the process. Abdomen slender, directed straight backwards, 1.31 mm long, extending to distal part of second coxa of fourth leg, with spindle-like, expanded distal third. Chelifore 2-segmented but chela rudimentary, inserted into distal part of scape; each finger with 1 distal, claw-like process. Scape less than half as long as proboscis and truncated distally (Fig. 27C). Palp (Fig. 27D) much longer than proboscis, with more than 10 segments; segments distally of tenth segment bead-like. Third segment longest, about twice as long as second longest, fifth segment. Fifth segment slightly expanded, with rather stiff setae. Oviger (Fig. 28A) 10-segmented. Fifth segment longest, with a number of long setules on both margins. Seventh to terminal segments armed with 10, 9, 8, and 10 compound (serrated) spines, respectively. Terminal segment tapering, with pointed tip. First leg (Fig. 28C) specialized, with whip-like distal part, unlike remaining legs; several segments added to propodus, with blunt terminal segment. Femur, first tibia, second tibia, and tarsus elongate and subequal in length. Second to fourth legs with short tarsus; femur, tibiae, and propodus elongate; claw slightly shorter than propodus and sharply pointed. Genital process present on first coxa of all legs, slightly longer than wide. Femur and tibiae of all legs with 1 distal seta.

DISTRIBUTION: Korea, Japan, Namibia, Mediteranean. Intertidal-15 m (on hard and sandy bottoms). KOREA: GW. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 3♂♂ (collected by light trap, Mukho, Gangwon-do: 21.viii.2001, C.M. Lee & Y.H. Kim). REMARKS: This species was originally found as a parasite of the clam Ruditapes philippinarum in Japan (Ohshima, 1927). Later, it was found in several other bivalves in Tokyo Bay, with a popu- lation explosion causing a mass mortality of the bivalve in that area (Miyazaki et al., 2007). According to Miyazaki et al. (2007), the adults live freely on or just under the surface of sandy bottoms and show nocturnal activity, but the larvae enter the host bivalves to feed on the body fluid of the host. Pantopoda: incertae: Decachela 57

Family incertae sedis

Genus Decachela Hilton, 1939 Bul-ga-sa-ri-ba-da-geo-mi-sok (불가사리바다거미속)

21. Decachela discata Hilton 1939 Wae-bul-ga-sa-ri-ba-da-geo-mi (왜불가사리바다거미)

Decachela discata Hilton, 1939, p. 34; Hedgpeth, 1949, p. 280; Utinomi, 1971, p. 325; Nakamura and Child, 1991, p. 39.

DISTRIBUTION: Korea (Korea strait), west coast of Hokkaido, California (Nakamura and Child, 1991). Shallow water-150 m (Nakamura and Child, 1991). KOREA: GN. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: None. REMARKS: Nakamura and Child (1991) reported the occurrence of Decachela discata in the Korea Strait (34°25.3′N, 129°05.4′E). According to them, this species is characterized by a lack of tubercle and by a large number of setae on the lateral processes and appendages. It is much smaller than D. dogieli (trunk length 3.5 mm, in contrast to D. discata with a trunk length of 0.9 mm), and lacks the pronounced sex pore tubercle and dorso-distal femur tubercle, with the proboscis is notably shorter in relation to trunk length. Unlike D. dogieli, this species seems not to be a parasitic animal.

22. Decachela dogieli Losina-Losinsky, 1961(Figs. 29, 30) Bul-ga-sa-ri-ba-da-geo-mi (불가사리바다거미)

Decachela dogieli Losina-Losinsky, 1961, p. 88; Hong and Kim, 1987, p. 155.

Body compact and setiferous (Figs. 29A, 30A). Body length of male 3.75 mm from apex of proboscis to distal end of fourth lateral process. Body width 2.55 mm across second lateral processes. Trunk disk-shaped and unsegmented, with many setae on dorsal surface. Cephalic somite wider than trunk, gradually narrowing anteriorly. In male, anterior margin of cephalic somite with broad, crown-like tubercle on both sides. Lateral processes in contact with one another and broadened distally, with 3 distal tubercles each an anterior, middle, and posterior one; middle one smaller than anterior and posterior ones; anterior and posterior tubercles branched distally in male but these tubercles small and not branched in female. Proboscis cylindrical and narrow (Fig. 29B), 1.50×0.52 mm. Eye tubercle located in middle of cephalic somite and rudimentary, without eyes. Abdomen 1.24 mm long, narrow, elongated, extending far beyond first coxa of fourth leg. Chelifore 2-segmented, 1.05 mm long, not extending to apex of proboscis (Fig. 29B). Scape with many tubercles; each tubercle tipped with 1 seta. Chela small, with vestigial fingers. Palp vestigial, remaining as small papilla, and located on ventral surface of cephalic somite near base of chelifore (Fig. 29B). 58 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Sea Spiders

A B

E D

Fig. 29. Decachela dogieli, male. A. habitus, dorsal; B. cephalic region, ventral; C. oviger; D. distal part of oviger; E. fourth leg. Scales: A=1 mm; B, C, E=0.5 mm, D=0.1 mm. Pantopoda: incertae: Decachela 59

A B C

Fig. 30. Decachela dogieli, female. A. habitus, dorsal; B. oviger; C. distal part of oviger. Scales: A=0.5 mm, B=0.2 mm, C=0.1 mm.

Oviger 10-segmented, with setae but without spine. In male oviger (Fig. 29C) seventh segment globularly swollen (Fig. 29D). Terminal segment with 6 terminal setae, without terminal claw. Lengths of first to terminal segments 0.25, 0.45, 0.55, 0.60, 0.55, 0.25, 0.25, 0.20, 0.17, and 0.15 mm. Egg sacs grouped in 4-11 (usually 6-8), usually covering most ventral body surface. Female oviger (Fig. 30B) 2/3 times as long as that of male. Segments gradually shortening and narrowing from proximal to distal. Fifth to terminal segment with 2, 3, 5, 6, 2, and 4 (2-5) setae, respectively (Fig. 30C). Legs short. Male legs with many tubercles and setae. First coxa dorso-distally armed with 3 dorsal tubercles: 1 on anterior corner, 1 middle, and 1 on posterior corner; middle tubercle simple but anterior and posterior ones crown-like, with 3-6 smaller, seta-tipped processes. First coxa of female legs distally armed only with middle tubercle. Second coxa with tubercles in male but smooth in female. Genital process on first coxa of male legs 1.5-2 times as long as wide, largest in third leg, with distal genital pore in third and fourth legs. All female legs with genital pore on second coxa. Second coxa of female legs broader than that of male. Femur with 1-4 tubercles on ventral margin and with distinct dorso-distal projection. Tube of cement gland short and located in middle of dorsal margin of femur. Propodus 3 times as long as wide; heel not pronounced, without spine or seta; sole armed with 2 spines, proximal one of which large and forming pincers with claw. Claw strong and distinctly curved. Auxiliary claw absent. Lengths of segments of male fourth leg (in mm): first coxa 0.40, second coxa 0.70, third coxa 0.58, femur 0.92, first tibia 0.77, 60 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Sea Spiders second tibia 0.80, tarsus 0.13, propodus 0.80, and claw 0.36 mm.

DISTRIBUTION: Korea (East Sea), Russia (Siberian coast). KOREA: GW. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 34♂♂, 21♀♀ (found in ambulacral grove of a sea star, Solaster sp., caught with a fishing net, off Namae, Yangyang-gun, Gangwon-do: 11.ii.1983); 4♂♂, 3♀♀ (from a sea star caught with a fishing net, Haeundae, Pusan: 1.vii.1970, H.S. Kim). REMARKS: This species apparently is a parasite of sea stars. In one case, the auther could find several individuals of this sea spider attached to tube feet of host, with their proboscis embedded in the tube feet.

Family Colossendeidae Jarzynsky, 1870 Mu-son-ba-da-geo-mi-gwa (무손바다거미과)

Chelifore absent. Palps 9- or 10-segmented in both sexes. Ovigers 1-segmented in both sexes, with terminal claw. Legs without auxiliary claw. 102 species in 6 genera.

Genus Hedgpethia Turpaeva, 1973 Gin-mom-mu-son-ba-da-geo-mi-sok (긴몸무손바다거미속)

23. Hedgpethia chitinosa (Hilton, 1943) Geuk-dong-gin-mom-mu-son-ba-da-geo-mi (극동긴몸무손바다거미)

Colossendeis chitinosa Hilton, 1943, p. 4; Hedgpeth, 1949, p. 301, fig. 47e-h; Stock, 1954, p. 161; Uti- nomi, 1955, p. 34, fig. 20; 1962, p. 103; 1971, p. 337; Losina-Losinsky and Turpaeva, 1958, p. 23, pl. 1, figs. 1-6; 1961, p. 109. Rhopalorhynchus chitinosum: Stock, 1970, p. 9 (key). Hedgpethia californica chitinosa: Turpaeva, 1973, p. 186, tab. 3. Hedgpethia chitinosa: Nakamura and Child, 1983, p. 63; Nakamura, 1987, p. 36, pl. 33; Nakamura and Child, 1991, p. 63; 1995, p. 28.

Proboscis about 1.5 times as long as trunk. Child (1995) has given a diagnosis for this species as follows: Proboscis with major distal swelling from midpoint to about halfway to tip. Each dorso- medial trunk swelling sometimes with conical projection. Oviger claw shorter than its segment diameter, with distal spine larger than others in opposition to claw. Tarsus sometimes equal to or sometimes slightly longer than propodus, both with tiny sole spines. Terminal claw very long, usually slightly shorter than propodus but sometimes as long as segment.

DISTRIBUTION: Korea (Korea strait), Japan (west coast of Kyushu)-Aleutian Is., Bering Sea. 20- 950 m (Child, 1995). Pantopoda: Callipallenidae: Bradypallene 61

KOREA: GN. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: None. REMARKS: Nakamura and Child (1991) distinguish Hedgpethia chitinosa from the other two congeners distributed in Japanese waters, i.e., H. brevitarsis (Losina-Losinsky and Turpaeva, 1958) and H. dofleini (Loman, 1911), by the following features: tarsus as long as or longer than propodus, claw of more than half propodal length; distal spine of terminal segment of oviger larger than others, modified, subchelate with terminal claw.

Family Callipallenidae Hilton, 1942 Gak-si-ba-da-geo-mi-gwa (각시바다거미과)

Chelifores with well-developed chela and 1-segmented scape. Palp absent or rudimentary. Ovigers 10-segmented in both sexes, with or without terminal claw. Legs with or without auxiliary claws. 139 species in 14 genera.

Key to the genera of family Callipallenidae

1. Male with palp ·························································································································2 - Male without palp ····················································································································3 2. Palp 3-segmented in both sexes; legs with auxiliary claws ·······································Bradypallene - Palp 2-segmented in male but absent in female; legs without auxiliary claws··············Propallene 3. Oviger with terminal claw; mouth with 3 lips ·························································Cheilopallene - Oviger without terminal claw; mouth without lips····················································Callipallene

Genus Bradypallene Kim, 1987 Neu-rim-bo-ba-da-geo-mi-sok (느림보바다거미속)

24. Bradypallene espina Kim and Hong, 1987 (Fig. 31) Neu-rim-bo-ba-da-geo-mi (느림보바다거미)

Bradypallene espina Kim and Hong, 1987, p. 272, figs. 1, 2.

Body (Fig. 31A, B) rather glabrous and stocky. Body length 2.41 mm measured from anterior tip of proboscis to distal end of fourth lateral processs. Body width 1.12 mm across second lateral processes. Body evenly convex dorsally. Trunk compact, robust, smooth and completely segmented. Lateral processes in contact, as long as wide, without any setae or tubercles. Cephalic somite slightly longer than wide, separated by a shallow groove from first trunk somite. Ocular tubercle low, wide, not clearly defined, and located in frontal area of cephalic somite. Eye rather large, with weakly pigmented upper half. Abdomen long, directed downwards, extending to middle of coxa 2 of last legs. Proboscis stout, directed downwards at an angle of about 45°, about 1.4 times as long 62 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Sea Spiders

C D

F G

Fig. 31. Bradypallene espina, male. A. habitus, dorsal; B. habitus, lateral; C. chelifore; D. palp; E. oviger; F. first leg; G. distal part of first leg. Scales: A, B, F=0.5 mm, C-E, G=0.1 mm. Pantopoda: Callipallenidae: Bradypallene 63 as distal width, with widened and truncated tip. Chelifore (Fig. 31C) 2-segmented, about 2/3 as long as proboscis. Scape broad, with 1 or more small setae distally, Chela unarmed, slightly longer than half length of scape. Chela fingers semi- circularly curved, gaping, without teeth. Movable finger longer than immovable one. Palp (Fig. 31D) 3- to 6-segmented in both sexes, shorter than chelifore and about half as long as proboscis, with indistinct segmentation. Second segment longest, slightly curved distally. Ovigers 10-segmented in both sexes, without terminal claw. In male oviger (Fig. 31E), first segment wider than long; second segment with several recurved setae; third segment slightly longer than wide; fourth segment slightly longer than second one, armed with 10 recurved irregular spinules, sone of which being distinctly wider or ramified; fifth segment longest, with several irregular spinules on outer margin, without distal apophysis or swelling; sixth segment armed with several spinules on outer margin and 1 or 2 thick irregular and feebly serrate spines on inner margin; 4 distal segments gradually shortening and and narrowing; seventh segment with 2 distal setae on outer margin; eighth segment with 1 inner distal spine and 2 outer setae near distal corner; ninth segment with 2 inner spines; terminal segment ending in 2 simple spines. Egg cluster large, globular, and 1 or 2 in number. Female oviger less setose. Second and fourth segments nearly equal in length; first to fourth segment without setae or spine; sixth to terminal segments subequal in length; eighth segment with 2 simple spines; ninth segment with 1 spine each on inner distal corner; terminal segment with 2 distal, well-separated spines and smaller 1 near distal couter coner. All spines simple, not denticulate or serrate. Legs rather short and glabrous (Fig. 31F), with several setae only on each segment. Coxa 1 as long as wide. Coxa 2 more than twice as long as coxa 1, with rounded ventro-distal genital prominence on third and fourth legs of male. Cement gland small and elongate, opening directly to dorso-distal corner of femur, and present in all legs at distal fourth of femur. Tibia 2 slightly longer than tibia 1, with several setae ventrally. Propodus less than 3 times as long as its distal width; sole straight, without heel or heel spine, armed only with setae (Fig. 31G). Claw short, almost vestigial, slightly longer than its proximal width. Auxiliary claws strong, about twice as long as claw. Lengths of segments of male third leg (in mm): coxa 1 0.23, coxa 2 0.60, coxa 3 0.38, femur 0.92, tibia 1 0.72, tibia 2 0.83, tarsus 0.10, claw 0.07, and auxiliary claw 0.15. Legs of female broader than those of male. Genital opening present on coxa 2 of all legs.

DISTRIBUTION: Korea. KOREA: GB. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 2♂♂, 2♀♀ (type specimens, Namyang, Ullung I., depth 5-7 m: 2.x.1981, J.S. Hong). REMARKS: Since Kim and Hong (1987) established the genus Bradypallene, no additional species has been recorded in the genus. Because of the callipallenid form of the palp this genus was classi- fied within the Callipallenidae, but the position of the eye tubercle which is located anteriorly on the cephalic somite is a characteristic feature of the Phoxichilidiidae. 64 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Sea Spiders

Genus Callipallene Flynn, 1929 Gak-si-ba-da-geo-mi-sok (각시바다거미속)

Key to the species of genus Callipallene

1. Neck longer than proboscis; second coxa more than 3 times as long as wide ·············C. amaxana - Neck shorter than proboscis; second coxa less than 3 times as long as wide······························2 2. Body stout; intervals between lateral processes shorter than their width ····················C. dubiosa - Body slender; intervals between lateral processes longer than their width ···········C. sagamiensis

25. Callipallene amaxana (Ohshima, 1933) (Figs. 32, 33) Gin-mok-gak-si-ba-da-geo-mi (긴목각시바다거미)

Pallene amaxana Ohshima, 1938, p. 216, figs. 8-12. Callipallene brevirostris: Hedgpeth, 1948, p. 202, fig. 18a. Callipallene amaxana: Stock, 1954, p. 37; Nakamura and Child, 1983, p. 58; Kim, 1986, p. 1, fig. 1a-g; Kim and Hong, 1986, p. 38; Hong and Kim, 1987, p. 153; Nakamura and Child, 1991, p. 35. Callipallene phantoma: Utinomi, 1962, p. 95. Callipallene phantoma amaxana: Stock, 1968, p. 37, fig. 14a-d; Utinomi, 1971, p. 322.

Body (Fig. 32A, B) slender. Body length 1.43 mm, measured from anterior tip of proboscis to distal end of fourth lateral process. Body width 0.51 mm across second lateral processes. Trunk distinctly segmented between first to third thoracic somites but unsegmented between third and fourth somites. Lateral process 1.3 times as long as wide, without setae or tubercles. Interval between lateral processes much wider than width of the process. Proboscis short, 0.25×0.18 mm. Neck about 1.5 times as long as wide. Eye tubercles shorter than wide and located at junction between cephalic somite and first thoracic somite, with blunt apex. Eyes located int proximal region of eye tubercle. Abdomen short, robust, and erected, with 1 distal seta on both sides. Chelifore 2-segmented. Scape gradually broadening distally, slightly shorter than proboscis, with setae on medial and distal regions. Chela (Fig. 32D) longer than scape, with many setae. Movable finger extending far over immovabale finger and armed with about 8 teeth. Immovable finger armed with 11 teeth consisting of 1 row of large teeth and another row of smaller teeth. Palp absent (Fig. 32B). Oviger strongly sexually dimorphic and 10-segmented. Male oviger (Fig. 32E) without terminal claw. Fifth segment longest, with distinctly expanded distal part. Lengths of first to terminal segment 0.09, 0.12, 0.24, 0.42, 0.68, 0.13, 0.13, 0.12, 0.12, and 0.11 mm. Seventh to terminal segments armed with 6, 5, 5, and 6 compound spines, respectively (Fig. 32F). Distal compound spines on seventh, eighth, and ninth segments with 3 or 4 large denticles (serrations) on distal margin. Female oviger (Fig. 33C) shorter than that of male. Fifth segment longest but much shorter than that of female, with distal expansion. Seventh to terminal segments armed with 7, 6, 5, and 6 compound spines, respectively. Legs slender and elongate (Fig. 33A). Second coxa, in particular, distinctly longer than that of other species. First coxa 1.6 times as long as wide. Femur broader than other segments. Cement Pantopoda: Callipallenidae: Callipallene 65

Fig. 32. Callipallene amaxana, male. A. habitus, dorsal; B. habitus, lateral; C. cephalic region, ventral; D. chela; E. oviger; F. distal part of oviger. Scales: A-C, E=0.2 mm, D=0.05 mm; F=0.1 mm. 66 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Sea Spiders

AB C

Fig. 33. Callipallene amaxana. A. male second leg; B. male distal part of second leg; C. female oviger. Scales: A=0.2 mm, B, C=0.1 mm.

gland absent. Propodus weakly curved, with 4 or 5 spines on heel (Fig. 33B). Claw less than half as long as propodus. Auxiliary claw long but slightly less than 0.7 times as long as claw. Lengths of segments of male second leg (in mm): first coxa 0.13, second coxa 0.73, third coxa 0.20, femur 1.08, first tibia 1.00, second tibia 1.12, tarsus, 0.05, propodus 0.37, and claw 0.15.

DISTRIBUTION: Korea, Southern Japan, Malacca Strait. KOREA: GW, GN, JN. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 1♀(Geomun I., Jeollanam-do, intertidal: 13.vii.1984); 1♂, 5♀♀ (Hongdo I., Jeollanam-do: viii.1982, J.S. Hong); 2♂♂, 2♀♀ (Soheuksan I., Jeollanam-do: viii.1982, J.S. Hong); 1♂(Soan I., Jeollanam-do: 2.viii.1982, J.S. Hong); 3♂♂, 1♀(Hansan I., Gyeongsangnam-do, depth 8 m: viii.1987, J.S. Hong); 2♀♀ (Byeongsan-ri, lightl trap, Goseong-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do: 1.vii.1998 Y.H. Kim & Y. Eun); 1♂, 2♀♀ (Daepo, light trap, Geoje I.: 18.vii.1999, C.M. Lee); 3♂♂, 2♀♀ (Geumjin port, Gangneung-shi: 17.x.2010); 7♂♂, 6♀♀ (Chungmu Marina, Tongyeong-shi, Gyeongsangnam-do: 2.ix.2012). REMARKS: In Japan this species has been found in depths of 4-160 m (Nakamura and Child, 1991). Pantopoda: Callipallenidae: Callipallene 67

26. Callipallene dubiosa Hedgpeth, 1949 (Fig. 34) Ttung-bo-gak-si-ba-da-geo-mi (뚱보각시바다거미)

Callipallene dubiosa Hedgpeth, 1949, p. 275, fig. 35; Stock, 1954, p. 41; 1957, p. 88; 1994, p. 47; Utinomi, 1965, p. 335; 1971, p. 322; Nakamura and Child, 1983, p. 58; Kim, 1984, p. 535; Kim and Hong, 1986, p. 38; Hong and Kim, 1987, p. 153; Nakamura and Child, 1991, p. 38.

Body (Fig. 34A, B) stout. Body length 1.45 mm, measured from anterior tip of proboscis to distal end of fourth lateral process. Body width 0.63 mm across second lateral processes. Thoracic segmentation distinct between first and third thoracic somite but incomplete between third and fourth thoracic somites. Lateral processes as long as wide and separated from one another by intervals of 0.7 of the width of the process. Each lateral process with 1 or 2 dorso-distal setae. Proboscis 0.33×0.26 mm, short and stout. Cephalic somite consisting of laterally expanded anterior 2/3 followed by a strong constriction and the laterally expanded posterior 1/3. Eye tubercle located at junction between cephalic somite and first thoracic somite, shorter than wide, with blunt anteriorly located apex. Eyes large and located proximally on eye tubercle. Abdomen short, stout, similar to eye tubercles in shape in lateral view, with about 5 setae subdistally. Chelifore 2-segmented. Scape gradually widening distally and slightly shorter than proboscis. Chela (Fig. 34C) with many setae and stout fingers. Movable finger armed with more than 10 blunt teeth. Immovable finger armed with more than 15 blunt teeth arranged in 2 irregular rows. Palp absent (Fig. 34B). Oviger 10-segmented, strongly sexually dimorphic, without terminal claw. Fifth segment longest. Male oviger (Fig. 34D) with strong distal protuberance. Seventh to terminal segments (Fig. 34E) of male oviger armed with 8, 8, 7, and 8 compound spines, respectively; terminal compound spines of these segments larger than remaining ones. Legs short and relatively thick (Fig. 34F). First coxa slightly longer than wide. Cement gland absent. Propodus distinctly curved, with uniform width (Fig. 34G). Propodal heel with 5 or 6 spines. Claw less than half as long as propodus. Auxiliary claw slightly less than 0.7 times as long as claw. Length of segments in male fourth leg (in mm): first coxa 0.17, second coxa 0.35, third coxa 0.25, femur 0.80, first tibia 0.65, second tibia 0.90, tarsus, 0.08, propodus 0.42, and claw 0.19 mm.

DISTRIBUTION: Korea, Japan, southern China, India, Singapore, East Africa. Intertidal-45 m (Nakamura and Child, 1991). KOREA: GW, GB, GN, JN, JB, CN. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 1♀(Anin, Gangneung, depth about 30 m: 2.v.1982); 1♂(Anin, Gangneung, intertidal: 4.vii.1982); 9♂♂, 11♀♀ (Geojin, Gangwon-do, depth about 5 m: 5.vii.1982); 1♂(Ullung I.: 13.x.1982); 2♀♀ (Gijang, Pusan: 6.iv.1983); 1♂ (Daesambu I., Jeollanam-do: 11.vii.1984); 2♂♂ (Namyang, Ullung I.: 2.x.1981, J.S. Hong); 3♂♂, 5♀♀ (Hongdo I., Jeollanam-do: viii.1982, J.S. Hong); 5♂♂, 5♀♀ (Seokdo I., Chungcheongnam-do: viii.1982, J.S. Hong); 4♂♂, 11♀♀ (Eocheong I., Jeollabuk-do: viii.1982, J.S. Hong); 1♂, 1♀ (Hatae I., Jeollanam-do: viii.1982, J.S. Hong); 2♂♂ (Anma I., Jeollanam-do: viii.1982, J.S. Hong); 2♂♂, 2♀♀ (Soheuksan I., Jeollanam-do: viii.1982, J.S. Hong); 1♂, 5♀♀ (Jagae I., Jeollanam-do: 22.viii.1982, J.S. Hong); 6♂♂, 3♀♀ (Soan I., Jeollanam- do: 23.viii.1982, J.S. Hong); 1♂, 1♀(Hojang I., Sian-gun, Jeollanam-do: 20.viii.1983, J.S. Hong); 1♂ (Seonyu I., Jeollabuk-do: 12.viii.1983, J.S. Hong); 3♂♂ (Eocheong I., Jeollabuk-do: 18.viii.1982, J.S. Hong); 2♂♂, 1♀(Gopa I., Garorim Bay, Chungcheongnam-do: x.1981, J.S. Hong); 1♂, 1♀(Daepo- 68 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Sea Spiders

G C

F E

Fig. 34. Callipallene dubiosa, male. A. habitus, dorsal; B. habitus, lateral; C. chela; D. oviger; E. distal part of oviger; F. male fourth leg; G. male distal part of fourth leg. Scales: A, B, F=0.2 mm, C-E, G=0.1 mm. Pantopoda: Callipallenidae: Callipallene 69 dong, Sokcho-shi: 10.x.1987); 4♀♀ (Jeungsan-ri, Donghae-shi: 13.iii.1999). REMARKS: This species is the most common species of Callipallene in Korea and and it is easily collected in the intertidal. Unlike other species of the genus, it is stocky and lacks a neck region on the cephalic somite.

27. Callipallene sagamiensis Nakamura and Child, 1983 (Fig. 35) Sa-ga-mi-gak-si-ba-da-geo-mi (사가미각시바다거미)

Callipallene sagamiensis Nakamura and Child, 1983, p. 59, fig. 20; Kim and Hong, 1986, p. 38, fig. 3a-h; Hong and Kim, 1987, p. 153; Nakamura, 1987, p. 9, pl. 7; Nakamura and Child, 1991, p. 38.

Body (Fig. 35A, B) slender. Body length 1.33 mm, measured from anterior tip of proboscis to distal end of fourth lateral process. Body width 0.51 mm across second lateral processes. Trunk segmentation distinct. Lateral processes as long as wide, without seta or tubercle; intervals between lateral processes similar to width of lateral process. Proboscis short, 0.27×0.17 mm. Neck short, much shorter than wide. Eye tubercle located at anterior region of first thoracic somite, much shorter than wide, with apex located in anterior region of eye tubercle. Eyes located near midlength of eye tubercle. Abdomen short, blunt and longer than eye tubercle, with 1 subdistal seta on both sides. Chelifore 2-segmented. Scape gradually broadening distally, shorter than proboscis, with several setae. Chela (Fig. 35C) longer than scape and setiferous. Movable finger extending beyond immovable finger and armed with about 8 small teeth. Immovable finger armed with 10, larger but rather irregularly arranged teeth. Palp absent. Oviger distinctly sexually dimorphic and 10-segmented, without terminal claw. Fifth segment longest. In male oviger (Fig. 35D) fifth segment with strong distal prominence. Seventh to terminal segments armed with 10, 8, 8, and 9 compound spines, respectively. These compound spines uniform in shape but becoming larger from proximal to distal in each segment. Female oviger (Fig. 35G) shorter than that of male; fifth segment not distinctly longer than fourth segment, without distal prominence; seventh to terminal segments armed with 9(8), 6-8, 8(7), and 9 compound spines, respectively. Legs slender (Fig. 35E). Second tibia distinctly longer than other segments. First coxa slightly longer than wide. Cement gland absent. Propodus uniform in width, slightly curved, with 3 large spines on heel (Fig. 35F). Claw half as long as propodus. Auxiliary claw slender and 0.6 times as long as claw. Lengths of segments of female first leg(in mm): first coxa 0.13, second coxa 0.31, third coxa 0.17, femur 0.71, first tibia 0.68, second tibia 0.95, tarsus 0.07, propodus 0.29, and claw 0.15 mm.

DISTRIBUTION: Korea, Japan. 30-416 m (Nakamura, 1987; Nakamura and Child, 1991). KOREA: JN, CN. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 1♂(Garorim Bay, Chungcheongnam-do: xii.1980, J.S. Hong); 3♀♀ (Garorim Bay: x.1981, J.S. Hong); 1♂(Hongdo I., Jeollanam-do: viii.1982, J.S. Hong); 1♀(Garorim Bay, Chung- cheongnam-do: x.1981, J.S. Hong); 1♂ (Sacheon port, Gangneung: 4.ix.2007); 1♀ (Sacheon port, Gangneung: 8.xi.2007); 3♀♀ (Tongyeong port: 1.xi.2010); 6♀♀ (Chungmu Marina, Tongyeong-shi: 70 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Sea Spiders

Fig. 35. Callipallene sagamiensis. male: A. habitus, dorsal; B. habitus, lateral; C. chela; D. oviger. female: E. first leg; F. distal part of first leg; G. oviger; H. distal part of oviger. Scales: A, B, D, E=0.2 mm, C, H=0.05 mm; F, G=0.1 mm. Pantopoda: Callipallenidae: Cheilopallene 71

2.ix.2012); 5♂♂, 20♀♀ (Geunjin port, Gangneung: 17.x.2010); 2♀♀ (Yangpo port, Gyengsangbuk- do: 20.x.2012). REMARKS: This species has a neck, unlike C. dubiosa which has no neck, but its neck is much shorter than that of C. amaxana.

Genus Cheilopallene Stock, 1955 Ip-sul-ba-da-geo-mi-sok (입술바다거미속)

28. Cheilopallene nodulosa Hong and Kim, 1987 (Fig. 36) Ip-sul-ba-da-geo-mi (입술바다거미)

Cheilopallene nodulosa Hong and Kim, 1987, p. 153, fig. 12; Child, 1990, p. 321; Nakamura and Child, 1991, p. 38.

Female: Body (Fig. 36A, B) rather stocky, with distinct trunk segmentations. Body length 1.21 mm, measured from anterior tip of proboscis to distal end of fourth lateral process. Body width 0.73 mm across second coxae. Cephalic somite with slight antero-dorsal swelling on both sides near base of chelifore. Cephalic somite and trunk similar in width. Combined cephalic somite and first thoracic somite longer than remaining part of body. Lateral processes as long as wide, stout, and separated from one another by distance less than half the width of lateral process. Eye tubercle as long as wide, directed slightly backwards, located on same level of first lateral processes, with 1 nipple-shaped apical tubercle on both sides. Eyes large but unsegmented. Abdomen tapering in lateral view, extending far beyond fourth lateral process. Proboscis 0.45 mm long, gradually tapering in proximal 3/4 and abruptly strongly tapering in distal 1/4, with 3 lips distally (1 dorsal and 2 ventral). Chelifore (Fig. 36C) stout. Scape with globular tubercle at outer proximal corner. Chela shorter than scale. Movable finger strongly tapering, with narrow and pointed distal end. Immovable finger stout, very blunt, and setiferous, with about 3 nipple-shaped tubercles distally. Oviger (Fig. 36D) with 10 thick segments. Fourth segment longest. Eighth to terminal segments (Fig. 36E) with 2, 1, and 2 small cruved spines, respectively. Terminal segment slightly longer than ninth segment. Terminal claw slender, as long as terminal segment, with several small spines on concave margin. Legs relatively short and setiferous (Fig. 36F). Second coxa twice as long as first coxa. Femur and first tibia nearly equal in length. Second tibia longest. Tarsus with 1 spine on ventral surface. Propodus straight, less than 3 times as long as wide, without prominence on heel, with 7 spines on ventral margin and scattered setae all over the surface (Fig. 36G) . Claw strong, weakly curved and about 2/3 as long as propodus. Auxiliary claw absent.

DISTRIBUTION: Korea, Japan. Intertidal in Korea (Hong and Kim, 1987) or 5-42 m in Japan (Nakamura and Child, 1991). KOREA: JB. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 1♀(holotype, Seonyu I., Jeollabuk-do, intertidal, on a sea weed of Sargassum: 72 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Sea Spiders

A B

F D G C

Fig. 36. Cheilopallene nodulosa, female. A. habitus, dorsal; B. habitus, lateral; C. chelifore; D. oviger; E. distal part of oviger; F. second leg; G. distal part of second leg. Scales: A, B=0.2 mm, C, D, G=0.1 mm, E=0.05 mm; F=0.5 mm.

12.viii.1983, J.S. Hong). REMARKS: According to Nakamura and Child (1991), the male of this species from Japan has no proximal tubercle on the scape of chelifores. Pantopoda: Callipallenidae: Propallene 73

Genus Propallene Schimkewitsch, 1909 Du-ma-di-son-gak-si-ba-da-geo-mi-sok (두마디손각시바다거미속)

29. Propallene longiceps (Böhm, 1879) (Figs. 37, 38) Du-ma-di-son-gak-si-ba-da-geo-mi (두마디손각시바다거미)

Pallene longiceps Böhm, 1879, p. 59; Ohshima, 1933, p. 212, figs. 1-6. Propallene longiceps: Stock, 1954: 31, fig. 12a-b; 1975, p. 90, figs. 1-20; Utinomi, 1959, p. 199; 1962, p. 96; 1971, p. 322; Kim and Hong, 1986, p. 41, fig. 4; 1987, p. 158; Nakamura, 1987, p. 13, pl. 11; Nakamura and Child, 1991, p. 41; Child, 1988, p. 668.

Body form (Fig. 37A) superficially similar to that of genus Nymphon. Body length 2.33 mm, measured from anterior apex of proboscis to distal end of fourth lateral process. Body width 1.25 mm across second lateral processes. Trunk segmentation distinct. Lateral processes about twice as long as wide, with several setae but without tubercles. Intervals between lateral processes nearly as wide as lateral process. Cephalic somite rather long, with anterior part distinctly broader than neck region; neck region as long as wide. Proboscis 0.46×0.32 mm, short, constricted at proximal 2/5, with rounded apex. Abdomen 0.21 mm long, very short, strongly tapering, directed backward and extending slightly over fourth lateral process. Eye tubercle short, blunt, indistinct in outline in dorsal view (Fig. 37B), and located posterior to first lateral processes. Eyes rather large. Chelifore 2-segmented. Scape slightly shorter than proboscis. Fingers well-developed (Fig. 37C). Movable finger slender, strongly curved roundly, much longer than immovable finger, and armed with about 6 long teeth. Immovable finger also strongly curved, armed with 4 long teeth on distal half and characteristically 3 teeth near proximal part. Proximal region of movable finger and outer surface of palm with several large setae. Palp (Fig. 37D) 2-segmented, slender, much shorter than proboscis. Proximal segment 0.063 mm long. Distal segment 0.27 mm long, more than 4 times as long as proximal one, with 5 large setae in distal part. Palp absent in female. Oviger 10-segmented. In male oviger (Fig. 37E) fifth segment longest, distinctly curved, with distinct distal prominence bearing 10 setae, 1 small tubercle on opposite side of prominence (Fig. 37G); many of the setae on segments bifurcated at tip. Seventh segment with 2 large outer distal setae (Fig. 37F). Seventh to terminal segments (Fig. 37F) armed with 9, 9, 7(8), and 10 compound spines, respectively. Each compound spine with maximum of 8 pairs of denticles. Terminal segment without claw; 2 or 3 proximal pairs of denticles of distalmost compound spine enlarged. Lengths of first to terminal segments 0.13, 0.22, 0.23, 0.56, 0.77, 0.16, 0.25, 0.19, 0.18, and 0.17 mm. Female oviger (Fig. 38A) with unspecialized fifth segment. Seventh to terminal segments (Fig. 38B) armed with 8(7), 7, 6(5), and 8 compound spines. Legs short and slender, setiferous but without tubercle. Propodus about 4 times as long as wide, gradually narrowing distally, with straight ventral margin, indistinct heel, 2 or 3 large spines on heel and followed by 13 smaller, regularly spaced spines on sole. Claw large, sharp, about 3/4 as long as propodus. Auxiliary claw absent. Lengths of segments of female first leg (in mm): first coxa 0.35, second coxa 0.50, third coxa 0.30, femur 1.12, first tibia 0.94, second tibia 0.75, tarsus 0.09, propodus 0.60, and claw 0.45 mm. 74 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Sea Spiders

F G

Fig. 37. Propallene longiceps, male. A. habitus, dorsal; B. habitus, lateral; C. chela; D. palp; E. oviger; F. distal part of oviger; G. distal part of fifth segment of oviger. Scales: A, B=0.5 mm, C, D, F, G=0.1 mm, E=0.2 mm. Pantopoda: Nymphonidae: Nymphon 75

Fig. 38. Propallene longiceps, female. A. oviger; B. distal part of oviger; C. distal part of first leg. Scales: A-C=0.1 mm.

DISTRIBUTION: Korea, Japan. KOREA: GN, CN, JN. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 2♂♂ (Garorim Bay, Chungcheongnam-do: viii.1980, J.S. Hong); 1♀ (Garorim Bay: xiii.1980, J.S. Hong); 1♂, 6♀♀ (Hansan I., Gyeongsangnam-do: viii.1987, J.S. Hong); 2♂♂, 2♀♀ (Namchang, light trap, Wando-gun, Jeollanam-do: 20.v.1998, C.M. Lee and Y.H. Kim); 2♂♂, 2♀♀ (Wando port, light trap, Jeollanam-do: 20.v.1998, C.M. Lee); 2♀♀ (Cheongsan I., light trap: 22.v.1998, C.M. Lee); 1♂, 1♀ (Soan I., light trap, Jeollanam-do: 24.v.1998, C.M. Lee); 2♀♀ (Byeongsan-ri, light trap, Goseong-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do: 1.vii.1998, Y.H. Kim and Y. Eun). REMARKS: According to Nakamura (1987), this species is common in Zostera fields. One specimen was collected with a plankton net towed along the water surface by night. It is notable that the palp is small and only 2-segmented in the male and is absent in the female.

Family Nymphonidae Wilson, 1878 Gi-saeng-ba-da-geo-mi-gwa (기생바다거미과)

Body smooth and usually slender. Cephalic somite with well-marked neck. Proboscis cylindrical. Chelifores with well-developed chela and 1-segmented scape. Palps 5-segmented in both sexes. Oviger 10-segmented in both sexes, with terminal claw. Legs elongate and slender, without heel spines. 268 species in 6 genera. 76 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Sea Spiders

Genus Nymphon Fabricius, 1794 Gi-saeng-ba-da-geo-mi-sok (기생바다거미속)

Key to the species of genus Nymphon

1. Legs lacking auxiliary claws ·········································································N. uniunguiculatum - Legs with auxiliary claws ·········································································································2 2. Tarsus of legs longer than propodus ·························································································3 - Tarsus shorter than or as long as propodus···············································································5 3. Cephalic somite with tubercle near base of chelifore··················································N. striatum - Cephalic somite without tubercle near base of chelifore····························································4 4. Auxiliary claw half as long as claw; tarsus twice as long as propodus·····················N. elongatum - Auxiliary claw less than or as long as 1/3 length of claw; tarsus less than twice as long as propodus ·················································································································N. longitarse 5. Distal segments of palp narrower than proximal ones; fingers of chelifore armed with more than 30 teeth each ···········································································································N. japonicum - Distal segments of palp not narrower than proximal ones; fingers of chelifore armed with less than 30 teeth each ·····················································································································6 6. Propodus with large spines longer than half width of propodus··································N. kodanii - Propodus without such large spines ·············································································N. akanei

30. Nymphon akanei Nakamura and Child, 1983 (Fig. 39) Kko-ma-gi-saeng-ba-da-geo-mi (꼬마기생바다거미)

Nymphon akane Nakamura and Child, 1983, p. 54, fig. 19; Kim and Hong, 1986, p. 37, fig. 2; Hong and Kim, 1987, p. 158. Nymphon akanei: Nakamura and Child, 1991, p. 42.

Female: Body (Fig. 39A, B) relatively small, 2.95 mm long, measured from anterior tip of proboscis to distal end of fourth lateral process. Trunk segmentations distinct. Lateral process about 1.5 times as long as wide. Interval between lateral processes wide, 1.5 times as wide as lateral process. Neck region of cephalic somite short, as long as wide, and shorter than width of cephalic somite. Proboscis cylindrical, 0.58×0.27 mm, slightly longer than twice as long as wide. Eye tubercle located at posterior end of cephalic somite, as long as wide, with rounded apex bearing 2 small lateral tubercles. Abdomen 0.37 mm long, slightly longer than fourth lateral process. Chelifore 2-segmented. Scape extending over proboscis. Chela (Fig. 39C) narrow and long but shorter than scape. Fingers much longer than palm and straight but curved in distal end. Teeth on fingers large, 12 on movable finger and 11 on immovable finger. Palp (Fig. 39D) 5-segmented. Lengths of first to terminal segments 0.08, 0.44, 0.31, 0.17, and 0.21 mm. First segment very short, and second segment longest. Terminal segment 1.24 times as long as the fourth. Oviger (Fig. 39E) 10-segmented. Fourth segment with small protuberance at proximal 1/4. Fifth Pantopoda: Nymphonidae: Nymphon 77

C A

D G

H F

Fig. 39. Nymphon akanei. A. habitus, dorsal; B. habitus, lateral; C. chela; D. palp; E. oviger; F. distal part of oviger; G. distal part of second leg; H. distal part of fourth leg. Scales: A, B=0.5 mm, C, F=0.1 mm, D, E, G, H=0.2 mm. 78 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Sea Spiders segment longest, markedly elongate in male oviger. Seventh to terminal segments gradually shortening and narrowing, with 7(8), 5(6), 5, and 5 compound spines. Each compound spine with 2-4 pairs (usually 3 pairs) of denticles. Terminal claw elongate, 0.8 times as long as terminal segment, with 4 or 5 denticles along concave margin (Fig. 39F). Legs slender and elongate. Second tibia armed with 1 spine at ventro-distal corner. Propodus 1.5-1.8 times as long as tarsus, with ratio of propodus/tarsus becoming larger from anterior to posterior legs. In fourth leg tarsus 0.45 mm long and propodus 0.81 mm long. Claw about 1/3 as long as propodus. Auxiliary claw about 3/4 as long as claw.

DISTRIBUTION: Korea, Japan. KOREA: CN, JN. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 1♀ (Garorim Bay, Chungcheongnam-do: viii.1980, J.S. Hong); 1♀ (Gamak Bay, Yeosu, Jeollanam-do: ix.1980, J.S. Hong); 3♀♀ (Garorim Bay, Chungcheongnam-do: xii.1980, J.S. Hong); 1♂(Garorim Bay: x.1981, J.S. Hong); 2♂♂, 3♀♀ (Garorim Bay: x.1981, J.S. Hong). REMARKS: A combination of characters as the small size of body, the well-developed teeth on fingers, the legs in which the propodus is distinctly longer than the tarsus serve to easily identify this species.

31. Nymphon elongatum Hilton, 1942 (Fig. 40) Gin-pal-gi-saeng-ba-da-geo-mi (긴팔기생바다거미)

Nymphon elongatum Hilton, 1942c, p. 5; Hedgpeth, 1949, p. 251, fig. 22, 273, fig. 34f; Stock, 1954, p. 17, fig. 5; Utinomi, 1971, p. 320; Hong and Kim, 1987, p. 158, fig. 15.

Male: Body (Fig. 40A, B) 6.00 mm long from anterior tip of proboscis to distal end of fourth lateral process. Body width 2.35 mmm measured across second lateral process. Trunk segments distinct. Lateral processes more than twice as long as wide, separated from one another by interval of more than twice as their width. Neck region of cephalic somite thin and long, about 3 times as long as wide. Eye tubercle located near posterior end of cephalic somite, directed slightly posteriorly, with 1 small apical tubercle on both lateral sides. Proboscis 1.43×0.57 mm, shorter than cephalic somite, with parallel lateral margins. Abdomen 0.50 mm long, short, not reaching distal end of fourth lateral process. Chelifore 2-segmented. Chela (Fig. 40C) 1.55 mm long, slightly shorter than proboscis; palm relatively narrow, setiferous, and characteristically longer than fingers. Movable finger longer than immovable one and armed with less than 20 small teeth. Immovable finger with about 20 teeth. Palp (Fig. 40D) slender, gradually narrowing from proximal to distal. Lengths of first to terminal segment 0.40, 2.45, 1.67, 0.93, and 1.17 mm, respectively. Second segment longest. Terminal segment 1.26 times as long as preceding segment. Oviger (Fig. 40E) 10-segmented. Fourth and fifth segments longest, both similar in length. Seventh to terminal segments armed with 19, 15, 15, and 15 compound spines, respectively. Each compound spine with about 7 pairs of denticles (serrations). Terminal claw (Fig. 40F) with 20 spines. Legs slender and long, setiferous, with some of setae on dorsal margin as long as width of Pantopoda: Nymphonidae: Nymphon 79

A E

G H

Fig. 40. Nymphon elongatum, male. A. habitus, dorsal; B. habitus, lateral; C. chela; D. palp; E. oviger; F. distal part of oviger; G. distal part of first leg; H. distal part of fourth leg. Scales: A, B, E, G, H=1 mm; C=0.2 mm, D=0.5 mm, F=0.1 mm. 80 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Sea Spiders segment. Tarsus 1.8-2.0 times as long as propodus (Fig. 40G, H). Propodus of fourth leg with more or less than 4 small spines. Claw 1/3-1/4 as long as propodus. Auxiliary claw half as long as claw.

DISTRIBUTION: Northern North Pacific (Korea, Japan, Russia). KOREA: GW. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 1♂(from fishing net, Jumunjin, Gangwon-do: 6.x.1986). REMARKS: This is a cold water species and known in Korea from only a single male from the eastern coast.

32. Nymphon japonicum Ortmann, 1891 (Fig. 41) Mae-ggeun-gi-saeng-ba-da-geo-mi (매끈기생바다거미)

Nymphon japonicum Ortmann, 1891, p. 158, pl. 24, fig. 1; Loman, 1911, p. 8; Hedgpeth, 1949, p. 249, fig. 20a-e; Utinomi, 1951, p. 159; 1955, p. 5; 1959, p. 199; 1962, p. 92; 1971, p. 320; Stock, 1954, p. 18, fig. 6a-c; Nakamura and Child, 1983, p. 56; Hong and Kim, 1987, p. 158, fig. 16A-H; Nakamura, 1987, p. 5.

Body (Fig. 41A, B) large, 11.10 mm long, measured from anterior tip of proboscis to distal end of fourth lateral process. Body width 3.53 mm across second lateral processes. Trunk well-segmented. In male lateral process less than twice as long as wide, separated from one another by interval with same width as lateral process. In female lateral processes more fatty and interval between them narrower than width of lateral process. Neck region of cephalic somite about twice as long as wide. Eye tubercle located at posterior end of cephalic somite, directed obliquely towards rear, as long as wide, with rounded apex. Proboscis 3.13 mm long, almost as long as cephalic somite, and slightly expanded in middle. Abdomen 1.07 mm long and as long as fourth lateral process. Chelifore 2-segmented. Scape slightly longer than proboscis. Chela (Fig. 41C) longer than scape. Palm narrow, with short setae all over the surface. Fingers well-developed, narrow, and longer than palm; movable finger armed with more than 35 teeth and immovable finger with 25 teeth. Teeth on immovable finger distinctly larger than those on movable finger. Palp (Fig. 41D) 5-segmented. Lengths of first to terminal segments 0.15, 0.80, 0.70, 0.38, and 0.55 mm. Second segment longest. Terminal segment 1.45 times as long as fourth obe. Oviger of male 10-segmented. Fifth segment longest, with curved proximal third. Seventh to terminal segments armed with 10-14, 7-9, 7-8, and 7-8 compound spines. Each compound spine with 3 pairs of denticles. Terminal claw as long as terminal segment and armed with 5-9 relatively large and irregular spines (Fig. 41E). Legs slender and elongate. Tarsus becoming shorter from anterior to posterior legs, slightly longer than propodus in first leg but much shorter in fourth leg (Fig. 41F, G). Propodus with 10 spines of unequal sizes along ventral margin; these spines not longer than half width of propodus. Claw slightly more than 0.4 times as long as propodus. Auxiliary claw about half as long as claw. Lengths of segments of fourth leg (in mm): first coxa 1.10, second coxa 3.70, third coxa 1.55, femur 9.55, first tibia 12.25, second tibia 18.60, tarsus 1.11, propodus 1.69, and claw 0.78. Pantopoda: Nymphonidae: Nymphon 81

C F

Fig. 41. Nymphon japonicum. A. habitus, dorsal; B. habitus, lateral; C. chela; D. palp; E. distal part of oviger; F. distal part of first leg; G. distal part of fourth leg. Scales: A-D=1 mm; E=0.2 mm, F, G=0.5 mm.

DISTRIBUTION: Korea, Around coasts of Japanese mainland. 30-432 m (Nakamura and Child, 1983). KOREA: GN, JJ. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 5♂♂, 3♀♀ (from fishing net, Haeundae, Pusan: 3.xi.1986); 4♂♂, 4♀♀ (depth 75 m of muddy bottom, west coast of Jeju I.: xi.1984, J.S. Hong). 82 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Sea Spiders

33. Nymphon kodanii Hedgpeth, 1949 (Fig. 42) Go-da-ni- gi-saeng-ba-da-geo-mi (고다니기생바다거미)

Nymphon kodanii Hedgpeth, 1949, p. 252, fig. 23a-j; Stock, 1954, p. 21; Utinomi, 1955, p. 7, fig. 3; 1962, p. 92; 1971, p. 320; Turpaeva, 1971, p. 275, pl. 1, figs. 6-9; Nakamura and Child, 1991, p. 53.

Male: Body (Fig. 42A, B) slender. Body length 6.47 mm, measured from anterior tip of proboscis to distal end of fourth lateral process. Body with 2.35 mm across second lateral processes. Trunk well-segmented. Lateral processes about 1.3 times as long as maximum width, widened distally, and separated from one another by interval slightly less than width of lateral process. Neck region of cephalic somite about 1.6 times as long as wide. Proboscis 1.76×0.70 mm, with parallel lateral margins. Eye tubercle located in posterior region of cephalic somite, obliquely directed toward rear, as long as wide, with rounded apex. Eyes large, vertically longer than laterally wide. Abdomen 0.91 mm long and extending beyond fourth lateral process. Chelifore 2-segmented. Scape 1.65 mm long, slightly shorter than proboscis. Chela (Fig. 42C) as long as scape, with narrow palm. Movable finger slightly longer than palm, gently curved, with 22 moderately large teeth. Immovable finger with 17 teeth; these teeth slightly larger than those of movable finger. Palp (Fig. 42D) 5-segmented and setiferous. Lengths of first to terminal segments 0.20, 1.00, 0.78, 0.43, and 0.62 mm. Terminal segment 1.44 times as long as fourth segment. Oviger (Fig. 42E) of male 10-segmented. Fifth segment distinctly longer than other segments, with gently curved proximal half. Seventh to terminal segments armed with 9, 7, 6, and 7 compound spines, respectively. Each compound spine with 2 or 3 pairs of denticles. Terminal claw shorter than terminal segment and armed with 11 regularly spaced spines (Fig. 42F). Legs with tarsus and propodus of similar length (1.23 mm long) (Fig. 42G). Propodus with 10 spines of various sizes, largest on of them as long as width of propodus. Claw 0.3 times as long as propodus. Auxiliary claw 0.7 times as long as claw.

DISTRIBUTION: Korea, Japan. 137-1970 m (Nakamura and Child, 1991). KOREA: GB, JN. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 1♂(Guryongpo, Gyeongsangbuk-do: 19.xiii.1976). REMARKS: The shallowest known depth of collection of this species is 30 m off Jindo Island, Korea, the shallowest depth record in the world. This species has occasionally been caught with fishing nets set for Allaskan pollack on the eastern coast of Korea.

34. Nymphon longitarse Krøyer, 1844 Gin-bal-mok-gi-saeng-ba-da-geo-mi (긴발목기생바다거미)

Nymphon longitarse Krøyer, 1844, p. 112; Wilson, 1878, p. 19, pl. 7, fig. 2a-h; 1880, p. 489, pl. 6, fig. 30; Sars, 1891, p. 75, pl. VII, fig. 3a-h; Losina-Losinsky, 1961, p. 65; Hedgpeth, 1948, p. 190, fig. 13b; 1949, p. 247; 1963, p. 1330; Stock, 1955, p. 214;. Utinomi, 1971, p. 318; Child, 1982, p. 43; 1995, p. 23.

The following is a repetition of the diagnosis given for this spcies by Child (1995). Pantopoda: Nymphonidae: Nymphon 83

C G

B E F

Fig. 42. Nymphon kodanii. A. habitus, dorsal; B. habitus, lateral; C. chela; D. palp; E. oviger; F. distal part of oviger; G. distal part of second leg. Scales: A, B, E=1 mm; C=0.2 mm, D, G=0.5 mm, F= 0.1 mm.

Trunk glabrous, lateral processes separated by intervals equal to diameters, about 1.5 times longer than diameters. Neck moderately long, ocular tubercles wider than tall, eyes large. Proboscis a cylinder tapering distally. Abdomen short, not as long as fourth lateral processes. Chelifore scapes as long as proboscis, palm rectangular, with many ventral setae, fingers shorter, slender, carried at acute angle, armed with many tiny teeth. Palp second and third segments 84 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Sea Spiders subequal, fourth very short, fifth about as long as third, distal 2 segments with many short setae. Oviger with terminal claw with many tiny setae. Legs long, slender, tarsus about 1.5 times longer than slender propodus, both with tiny sole spines. Claw slender, slightly less than half propodus length, auxiliaries less than 0.3 main claw length.

DISTRIBUTION: North Pacific, North Atlantic. KOREA: Uncertain. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: None. REMARKS: Stock (1955) recorded “Korean sea, 45 fathoms” as a collection locality of this species, without specifying an exact geographic locality. Because this species lives in cold water, Stock’s specimen is thought to be derived from the eastern coast of Korea. As for differential characters of this species Child (1995) makes the following REMARKS: the very long tarsus with shorter propodus, the very long and setose terminal palp segment, the chelae fingers carried almost at a right angle to the palms, and the moderately long neck with a very low ocular tubercle placed at its posterior end.

35. Nymphon striatum Losina-Losinsky, 1929(Fig. 43) Hok-gi-saeng-ba-da-geo-mi (혹기생바다거미)

Nymphon striatum Losina-Losinsky, 1929, p. 538, fig. 1; 1933, p. 64, fig. 13; Utinomi, 1954, p. 2; Utinomi, 1971, p. 319; Hong and Kim, 1987, p. 160; Nakamura and Child, 1991, p. 61.

Male: Body (Fig. 43A, B) slender. Body length 6.32 mm, measured from anterior tip of proboscis to distal end of fourth lateral process. Body width 2.39 mm across second lateral processes. Trunk distinctly segmented. Lateral processes twice as long as wide, separated from one another by an interval being 1.5-2.0 times as wide as the process. Cephalic somite with 2 tubercles on anterior margin near base of chelifore. Neck region of cephalic somite narrow, about twice as long as wide. Eye tubercle located at posterior end of cephalic somite, shorter than wide; in lateral view apex of eye tubercle located posteriorly. Eyes relatively large. Proboscis 1.43 mm long, with parallel lateral margins. Abdomen 0.59 mm long, shorter than fourth lateral process. Chelifore 2-segmented. Scape slightly shorter than proboscis and broadened distally. Chela (Fig. 43C) slightly longer than scape. Palm rather narrow, with proximal part narrower than distal part, with many short setae. Movable finger longer than palm, circularly curved, and armed with about 26 teeth. Immovable finger armed with about 23 teeth of sizes similar to those of movable finger. Palp (Fig. 43D) 5-sgmented. Length of first to terminal segments 0.19, 0.80, 0.67, 0.47, and 0.52 mm. Terminal segment about 1.1 times as long as preceding segment. Oviger of male (Fig. 43E) 10-segmented. Fourth segment longest. Fifth segment slightly shorter than fourth one. Seventh to terminal segments armed with 15, 13, 12 (13), and 14 compound spines, respectively. Each compound spine with 1 large proximal denticle and followed distally by 5-9 smaller denticles on both margins. Terminal claw blunt, 0.24 mm long, slightly longer than half length of terminal segment, with about 15 densely spaced spines (Fig. 43F). Length of segments from proximal to distal in mm: 0.38, 0.50, 0.37, 2.28, 2.18, 1.25, 0.55, 0.48, 0.45, and 0.44. Legs with propodus being about 0.7 times as long as tarsus, with short, densely spaced setae on Pantopoda: Nymphonidae: Nymphon 85

B A

D C

G E H

Fig. 43. Nymphon striatum. A. habitus, dorsal; B. habitus, lateral; C. chela; D. palp; E. oviger; F. distal part of oviger; G. distal part of first leg; H. distal part of fourth leg. Scales: A, B, E=1 mm; C, D, F=0.2 mm, G, H=0.5 mm. 86 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Sea Spiders heel and more longer setae on dorsal margin (Fig. 43G, H). Setae on heel shorter than 1/4 of propodal width. Claw about 0.45 times as long as propodus.

DISTRIBUTION: Korea, northern Japan (0-103 m), Siberian coast or Russia. KOREA: GW. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: All specimens were collected with fishing nets. 1 specimen (off Anin, Gangneung: 3.xi.1983); 5 specimens (off Geojin, Goseong-gun, Gangwon-do, from the depth of about 30 m: 10.i.1984); 16♂♂, 1♀ (off Daejin, Goseong-gun, Gangwon-do: i.1987); 1♂ (off Geojin, Gangwon-do: 19.i.1985); 2♂♂ (off Imwon, Samcheok, Gangwon-do: 25.v.1985); 9♂♂, 17♀♀ (off Imwon, Gangwon-do, from a depth of 10 m: 2.viii.1986); 42♂♂ (off Imwon, Gangwon-do: 27.xii. 1986); 8 specimens (Jumunjin, Gangwon-do: 29.iv.1988). REMARKS: Nymphon striatum has been found relatively commonly in shallow water along the eastern coast of Korea. With a small tubercle near base of each chelifore it is easily identifiable. Although Nakamura and Child (1991) stated that its depth range was from the intertidal to 212 m in Japan, none of the Korean samples has been collected in the intertidal.

36. Nymphon uniunguiculatum Losina-Losinsky, 1933 (Fig. 44) Oe-bal-top-gi-saeng-ba-da-geo-mi (외발톱기생바다거미)

Nymphon uniunguiculatum Losina-Losinsky, 1933, p. 62, 78, fig. 12; Hedgpeth, 1949, p. 263, fig. 29; Losina-Losinsky, 1961, p. 72; Hong and Kim, 1987, p. 161.

Body (Fig. 44A) rather large and glabrous. Body length 11.1 mm, measured from anterior tip of proboscis to distal end of fourth lateral process. Body width 4.0 mm between distal ends of left and right second lateral processes. Segmentation of trunk distinct. Lateral processes about twice as long as wide. Intervals between lateral processes slightly wider than their diameter. Neck of cephalic somite distinctly narrow, more than twice as long as wide. Eye tubercle located near posterior end of cephalic somite. Proboscis 2.40 mm long, gradually narrowing distally. Abdomen short and thin and about half as long as fourth lateral process. Chelifore scape 3.33 mm long and narrow, distinctly longer than proboscis. Chela (Fig. 44B) 3.44 mm long, slightly longer than scape. Palm almost smooth, with few setae. Each movable and immovable finger characteristically with more than 40 minute teeth. Palp (Fig. 44C) elongate; lengths of segments from beginning with the first: 0.13, 2.04, 2.00, 1.56, and 1.60 mm; terminal segment as long as fourth one. Oviger 10-segmented; lengths of segments beginning with the first: 0.40, 0.68, 0.84, 3.84, 4.40, 2.20, 1.05, 0.85, 0.78, and 0.70 mm; fifth segment longest; numbers of compound spines on seventh to tenth segments 22, 17, 18, and 1, respectively. Each compound spine armed with 1 large proximal denticle and 5-9 smaller distal denticles on both margins (Fig. 44D). Terminal claw 0.40 mm long, slightly more than half as long as terminal segment, with about 25 densely spaced spinules (Fig. 44D). Legs very slender, elongate and smooth. Propodus 0.6 times as long as tarsus (Fig. 44E). Claw slender and about 0.7 times as long as propodus. Auxiliary claw absent. Pantopoda: Nymphonidae: Nymphon 87

A C E

Fig. 44. Nymphon uniunguiculataum. A. habitus, dorsal; B. chela; C. palp; D. distal part of oviger; E. distal part of first leg. Scales: A=2, B=0.5 mm, C, E=1 mm, D=0.2 mm.

DISTRIBUTION: Korea (East Sea), Siberian coast of Russia. KOREA: GW. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 1 specimen (♂?) (off Namae, Gangwon-do, from depth of about 350 m: 7.ix.1982); 1♂(off Jumunjin, Gangwon-do, from depth of about 470 m: 10.xi.1983); 1 specimen (♂?) (off Sokcho, Gangwon-do: 17.xii.1983); 1♂(off Jumunjin, Gangwon-do: 10.xii.1986). REMARKS: By having the slender and elongate chelifore and palp and by the absence of auxiliary claw on the legs, this species can readily be distinguished from other species of the genus. As a species living in cold water, it has been caught with fishing nets set in order to catch Alaskan pollacks in deep water of the eastern coast of Korea. 88 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Sea Spiders

Family Pallenopsidae Fry, 1978 Mu-chok-ji-ba-da-geo-mi-gwa (무촉지바다거미과)

Chelifores with well-developed chela and 1-segmented scape. Palps rudimentary. Ovigers 10- segmented in both sexes, without terminal claw. Legs with auxiliary claws. 81 species in 2 genera.

Genus Pallenopsis Wilson, 1881 Mu-chok-ji-ba-da-geo-mi-sok (무촉지바다거미속)

37. Pallenopsis temperans Stock, 1953 Nam-bang-mu-chok-ji-ba-da-geo-mi (남방무촉지바다거미)

Pallenopsis temperans Stock, 1953, p. 291, fig. 10; 1954, p. 63, fig. 30g; 1968, p. 47; Utinomi, 1971, p. 324.

The following is a short version of the original description of this species given by Stock (1953). Body distinctly segmented, with distinct chitinous lines between body and lateral processes. Ocular tubercle rather low and irregularly conical in lateral view. Lateral processes 1.5-2 times as long as wide, smooth, separated distally by their own diameter. Proboscis cylindrical, distinctly enlarged near the middle; its distal end with short hairs. Abdomen directed upwards at an angle of about 70°, slightly shorter than fourth lateral process and coxa 1 together. Chelifore scape indistinctly 2-segmented. Chela hairy, palm much elongated, more than twice as long as wide. Fingers 1.5-2 times shorter than palm. Palp present as knob-like projection. Oviger 10-segmented. Fifth segment longest. Sixth to tenth segments armed with numerous small setae. Legs long. Proximal segment with microscopical hairs only. First coxa armed with 2 exceedingly small dorsal tubercles, which are nearly absent on leg 4. First tibia with longer setae. Second tibia with a few rows of long setae. Propodal sole with 2 or 3 pairs of basal spines and about 6 pairs of smaller distal spines. Auxiliary claws 3/4 as long as claw. Male genital opening situated on distinct distal spur on ventral surface of second coxa of legs 3 and 4. Spur of legs 1 and 2 much smaller than those of legs 3 and 4, without genital pore. Duct of femoral cement gland situated in middle of the segment, nearly straight, slightly longer than half the femoral diameter.

DISTRIBUTION: Korea (Korea Strait), Japan, Philippines, central Pacific (Fanning and Line Islands). 0.5-284 m. KOREA: GN. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: None. REMARKS: Stock (1954) recorded “Korea Strait” as the collection locality of this species. Pantopoda: Endeidae: Endeis 89

Family Endeidae Norman, 1908 Min-ba-da-geo-mi-gwa (민바다거미과)

Chelifore and palp absent. Ovigers present only in male, 7-segmented, without terminal claw. Legs with auxiliary claws. 18 species in 1 genus.

Genus Endeis Philippi, 1843 Min-ba-da-geo-mi-sok (민바다거미속)

38. Endeis nodosa Hilton, 1942 (Fig. 45) Nam-yang-min-ba-da-geo-mi (남양민바다거미)

Endeis (Phoxichilus) nodosa Hilton, 1942b, p. 47, fig. 4. Endeis nodosa: Stock, 1968, p. 59 (key); Child, 1982, p. 275, fig. 2g-I; 2988, p. 663; Nakamura and Child, 1988, p. 663; 1991, p. 35; Miyazaki, 1991, p. 257.

Female: Body (Fig. 45A, B) stout. Body length 3.10 mm, measured from apex of proboscis to tip of abdomen. Body width 1.16 mm across second lateral processes. Proboscis large, straight, directed ventrally, 1.33×0.48 mm, proximally narrower, slightly expanded near middle, with setules mainly in distal region. Cephalic somite constricted near middle in dorsal view. Eye tubercle conical (Fig. 45B), as long as wide, and located at posterior end of somite. Cephalic and first thoracic somite fused, without division between them. Three segmentations between thoracic somites distinct. Lateral processes separated from one another by less than 1/3 of the width of process, with few small setae. Abdomen short, obliquely erected upwards, and slightly extended over last lateral process. Chelifore, palp and oviger absent. First leg (Fig. 45C) longer than the second, and the second one longer than the third one, Fourth leg as long as third one. Femur longest of leg segments, with blunt projection near middle of ventral margin. Propodus slightly more than twice as long as wide (Fig. 45D); propodal heel not pronounced, with 4 spines; sole with several setae. Auxiliary claw about 0.6 times as long as claw. Length of segments of first leg (in mm): second coxa 0.63, third coxa 0.46, femur 1.54, first tibia 1.12, second tibia 1.48, tarsus 0.14, propodus 0.58, and claw 0.35.

DISTRIBUTION: Korea, Japan, Ryukyu Islands, Eniwetok, Hawaii. Intertidal-45 m (Nakamura and Child, 1991). KOREA: JJ. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 1♀(Seogwipo, Jeju I.: 18.iv.2003). REMARKS: Nakamura and Child (1991) noted that this species has the typical gut diverticula or caecae and the broad low tubercle or swelling on the ventral margin of femur, which, in combination, prevent the species from being confused with other known species of Endeis. 90 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Sea Spiders

A B

Fig. 45. Endeis nodosa. A. habitus, dorsal; B. habitus, lateral; C. first leg; D. distal part of first leg; E. surface ornamentation of first leg. Scales: A-C=0.5 mm, D, E=0.1 mm. Pantopoda: Phoxichilidiidae: Anoplodactylus 91

Family Phoxichilidiidae Sars, 1891 Nat-ba-da-geo-mi-gwa (낫바다거미과)

Chelifores with well-developed chela and 1-segmented scape. Palps absent in both sexes. Ovigers present only in male, with terminal claw. Legs with our without auxiliary claws. 154 species in 4 genera.

Genus Anoplodactylus Wilson, 1878 Nat-ba-da-geo-mi-sok (낫바다거미속)

Key to the species of genus Anoplodactylus

1. Trunk disk-shaped; lateral processes closed to one another··········································A. crassus - Trunk not disk-shaped; lateral processes separated from one another·······································2 2. Femur of male legs with 5-8 cement glands ···························································A. pycnosoma - Femur of male legs with 1 cement gland···················································································3 3. Lateral processes with 1 dorso-distal tubercle ······························································A. erectus - Lateral processes without dorso-distal tubercle ········································································4 4. Lateral processes in contact with one anthother; propodus of legs with mucilaginous membrane on sole················································································································A. hwanghaensis - Lateral processes widely separated from one another by a distance larger than width of the process; propodus of legs without mucilaginous membrane ········································A. velamellus

39. Anoplodactylus erectus Cole, 1904 (Fig. 46) Dol-gi-nat-ba-da-geo-mi (돌기낫바다거미)

Anoplodactylus erectus Cole, 1904, p. 289, pl. 14, fig. 12, pl. 26, figs. 1-9; Hall, 1913, p. 133; Hilton, 1939, p. 28; 1942, p. 283, pl. 37; Hedgpeth, 1941, p. 257 (key); Stock, 1955, p. 239, figs. 13, 14; Child, 1970, p. 288; 1979, p. 52; 1992, p. 37; Hong and Kim, 1986, p. 41, fig. 5; 1987, p. 161; Nakamura and Child, 1988, p. 813; 1991, p. 25; Bamber, 1997, p. 147, fig. 3; 1998, p. fig. 3.

Male: Body (Fig. 46A, B) slender. Body length 1.75 mm measured from anterior tip of proboscis to distal end of fourth lateral process. Body width 1.12 mm across second lateral processes. Trunk unsegmented. Lateral processes confluent with trunk, about twice as long as wide, broadened distally, with 1 dorso-distal tubercle; size of this tubercle variable and sometimes absent on fourth lateral process. Distance between anterior and posterior lateral processes slightly shorter than their width. Cephalic somite narrow, strongly extending anteriorly, slightly narrower than half the width of proboscis, and broadened anteriorly. Eye tubercle located anteriorly on cephalic somite, slightly longer than wide, with 1 small tubercle on both lateral sides near apex. Eyes large and black. Proboscis 0.58×0.27 mm, slightly widening in middle. Abdomen 0.38 mm long, distinctly longer than fourth lateral process, and widest in middle. 92 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Sea Spiders

A B

D E F

Fig. 46. Anoplodactylus erectus, male. A. habitus, dorsal; B. habitus, lateral; C. chela; D. oviger; E. fourth leg; F. distal part of fourth leg. Scales: A, B=0.2 mm, C, D, F=0.1 mm, E=0.5 mm. Pantopoda: Phoxichilidiidae: Anoplodactylus 93

Chelifore 2-segmented. Scape bent ventrally at distal 1/3, extending over apex of proboscis. Chela palm about 1.5 times as long as wide, with several setae distally (Fig. 46C). Movable finger shorter than palm, strongly curved, with several thick setae on outer surface. Immovable finger much smaller than movable one and strongly curved distally. Palp absent. Oviger (Fig. 46D) 6-segmented (oviger absent in female). Lengths of first to terminal segments 0.18, 0.38, 0.70, 0.28, 0.19, and 0.07 mm. Third segment longest. Fifth to terminal segments with many recurved setae. Terminal segment globular. Legs slender and long (Fig. 46E). Lengths of segments of fourth leg (in mm): first coxa 0.22, second coxa 0.65, third coxa 0.39, femur 1.22, first tibia 1.04, second tibia 1.13, tarsus 0.12, propodus 0.50, and claw 0.29 mm. Setae on segments very short. Third and fourth legs with genital process on second coxa; these genital processes about 1.5 times as long as wide. Cement gland present in femur of all legs, elongate, about 0.27 times as long as femur. Tube of cement gland short and slender, about twice as long as wide, and located slightly beyond midlength of femur. Propodus strongly curved, with roundly produced heel bearing 2 large and 3 small spines (Fig. 46F). Propodal sole armed with more than 10 spiniform setae consisting of straight and curved ones in alternate arrangement. Claw strong and large, more than half as long as propodus. Auxiliary claw very small, slightly more than 0.1 times as long as claw.

DISTRIBUTION: Korea, southern Japan, Samoa, Society Islands, Tuamotu Islands, Hawaii, Colum- bia, Panama, Pacific coasts of Mexico, California, southern Pacific coast of Canada. Intertidal- about 40 m (Nakamura and Child, 1991). KOREA: JN, JJ. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 1♂(Soan I., Jeollanam-do: 23.viii.1982, J.S. Hong); 1♂, 1♀(Mosulpo, Jeju I.: 16.viii.1985). REMARKS: According to Nakamura and Child (1991) this species can be divided into two forms, the compact and the slender form. The Korean specimens described above belong to the compact form.

40. Anoplodactylus hwanghaensis Kim and Hong, 1986 (Fig. 47) Hwang-hae-nat-ba-da-geo-mi (황해낫바다거미)

Anoplodactylus hwanghaensis Kim and Hong, 1986, p. 41, fig. 6; Hong and Kim, 1987, p. 161; Nakamura and Child, 1991, p. 27.

Body (Fig. 47A, B) robust. Body length 1.44 mm, measured from anterior tip of proboscis to distal end of fourth lateral processes. Body width 0.87 mm between tips of second lateral processes. Segmentation distinct between first and second trunk somites and between second and third ones but absent between third and fourth. Lateral processes smooth, slightly longer than their diameters and almost in contact with one another proximally but separated distally by their own diameters, without tubercle or seta. Neck very short, much broader than long. Ocular tubercle low, broad, rather flattened above, with round apex located anteriorly. Abdomen shorter than last pair of lateral processes, ovoid in lateral view, directed posteriorly at an angle of about 30°. Proboscis short, robust, slightly longer than wide, truncated and darkly pigmented distally, with 94 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Sea Spiders

A B

D F

Fig. 47. Anoplodactylus hwanghaensis. A. habitus, dorsal; B. habitus, lateral; C. chela; D. oviger; E. female fourth leg; F. distal part of female first leg. Scales: A, B, E, F=0.2 mm, C=0.05 mm; D= 0.1 mm. Pantopoda: Phoxichilidiidae: Anoplodactylus 95 ventral margin roundly convex, longer and wider than dorsal margin. Chelifore scape smooth, cylindrical, slightly longer than proboscis. Chela palm armed with a few distal setae (Fig. 47C). Movable finger strongly curved, with 4 teeth. Immovable finger nearly straight, armed with 2 small teeth. Palp absent. Male oviger (Fig. 47D) 6-segmented. First segment very broad. Third segment longest, with setae on both sides. Fourth segment slightly longer than second one, widening distally, with several setae on outer margin. Fifth segment armed with 5 or 6 recurved outer setae and 2 (or 1) inner middle setae, one of the latter being palm-like. Terminal segment tapering and pointed, longer than half length of fifth segment, with 4-6 recurved setae. Oviger absent in female. Legs moderately short (Fig. 47E). Posterior legs shorter than anterior ones. Pore of cement gland flat, not raised, and situated in proximal third of femur. Femur longest segment, with 1 dorso-distal spine. Tibia 1 and 2 equal in length. Propodus with strong heel armed with 2 curved proximal spines and 2 small distal ones (Fig. 47F). Sole armed with more than 10 small and thin setae. Pro- podal lamina covering entire sole. Claw as long as sole, with curved tip. Auxiliary claws very small. Lengths of segments in female leg 4 as follows (in mm): first coxa 0.15, second coxa 0.41, third coxa 0.37, femur 0.87, first tibia 0.72, second tibia 0.75, tarsus 0.10, propodus 0.47, and claw 0.32.

DISTRIBUTION: Korea, Japan. KOREA: CN. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 5 ♂♂, 1♀(type specimens, Eocheong I., Jeollabuk-do: viii.1982, J.S. Hong); 1♀(Garorim Bay, Chungcheongnam-do: x.1981, J.S. Hong). REMARKS: Anoplodactylus hwanghaensis may be characterized by the following combination of features: the body is small and compact; the propodus of the legs has two heel spines and a long lamina; the chela has teeth; the pore of the cement gland is flat and located in proximal third of femur; the proboscis is very robust; lateral processes lack tubercles or spines; legs have auxiliary claws. In Japan, this species was found in the intertidal and shallow sublittoral water on the coast south to Tokyo.

41. Anoplodactylus pycnosoma (Helfer, 1938) (Fig. 48) Ttung-bo-nat-ba-da-geo-mi (뚱보낫바다거미)

Peritrichia pycnosoma Helfer, 1938, p. 176, fig. 7. Anoplodactylus pycnosoma: Stock, 1954, p. 75, fig. 33; 1974, p. 16; 1975, p. 132; 1994, p. 65; Utinomi, 1971, p. 326; Child, 1975, p. 20; 1983, p. 708; 1988, p. 20; 1991, p. 144; Nakamura and Child, 1983, p. 50; Nakamura and Child, 1991, p. 30; Kim and Hong, 1986, p. 44; Kim and Hong, 1987, p. 161; Bamber, 2000, p. 613.

Body (Fig. 48A, B) stocky. Body length 1.61 mm, measured from anterior tip of proboscis to distal end of fourth lateral process. Body width 0.83 mm across second lateral processes. Segmentations distinct between first and second thoracic somites and between second and third ones but absent between third and fourth ones. Lateral processes short, as long as wide, smooth without seta or tubercle, and narrowly separated from one another by about 0.3 of the width of process. Cephalic 96 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Sea Spiders

B A

E D

Fig. 48. Anoplodactylus pycnosoma, male. A. habitus, dorsal; B. habitus, lateral; C. chela; D. oviger; E. first leg; F. distal part of first leg. Scales: A, B=0.2 mm, C=0.05 mm; D, F=0.1 mm, E=0.5 mm.

somite narrow, half as wide as proboscis and weakly extended anteriorly. Eye tubercle low and blunt, with flat apex. Eyes large. Proboscis 0.50×0.36 mm, robust, widest in middle, narrowing proximally, with rounded ventral margin. Abdomen short, 0.16 mm long, extending slightly over Pantopoda: Phoxichilidiidae: Anoplodactylus 97 fourth lateral process. Chelifores closed to each other. Scape extending slightly over proboscis, weakly curved ventrally, and constricted in middle. Palm of chela about 1.5 times as long as wide, with more or less than 3 setae at distal region (Fig. 48C). Movable finger longer than palm, roundly curved, with 8 teeth and 2 outer setae. Immovable finger also roundly curved, with 8 teeth. Palp absent. Oviger (Fig. 48D) present only in male, 6-segmented, short and thick. Lengths of first to terminal segments 0.15, 0.42, 0.81, 0.60, 0.40, and 0.18 mm. Third segment longest, with trace of articulation at proximal 0.2 region. Second to terminal segments with 5, 6, 5, 8, and 2 short and stiff setae, respectively. Fifth segment with 2 small additional spines on medial margin. Setae on 2 distal segments recurved. Terminal segment tapering. Legs short, becoming shorter from anterior to posterior ones. Lengths of segments of first leg of male (in mm): first coxa 0.21, second coxa 0.44, third coxa 0.35, femur 0.87, first tibia 0.80, second tibia 0.68, tarsus 0.13, propodus 0.62, and claw 0.42. Cement gland present in femur of all legs in male, more than half as long as femur (Fig. 48E), without gland tube but with 4-8 pores for each gland. Propodus strongly curved proximally, with 2 large spines and several small setae on heel (Fig. 48F). Propodal sole without mucilaginous membrane but with about 15 thick, densely spaced setae; distal part of these setae curved towards distal part of propodus. Claw large, more than 0.7 times as long as propodus. Auxiliary claw small, less than 0.1 times as long as claw. Second to fourth legs of female with genital opening located in ventro-distal region of second coxa.

DISTRIBUTION: Korea, southern Japan, New Caledonia, Australia, Philippines, New Guinea, East Africa. KOREA: GW, GB, JN, JB. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 1♀(Bogil I., Jeollanam-do: 2.viii.1982, D.H. Gweon); 1♀(Daejin, Goseong- gun, Gangwon-do: 5.viii.1982); 7♂♂, 12♀♀ (Guryongpo, Gyeongsangbuk-do: 11.viii.1982); 1♂, 1♀ (Guryongpo, Gyeongsangbuk-do: 12.viii.1982); 1 juvenile (Dodong, Ullung I.: 12.x.1982); 1♀(Tong- gumi, Ullung I.: 13.x.1982); 1♂(Sadong, Ullung I.: x.1981, J.S. Hong); 1♂(Soheuksan I., Jeollanam- do: viii.1982, J.S. Hong); 1♀(Hong-do I., Jeollanam-do: viii.1982, J.S. Hong); 1♂(Anma I., Jeollanam- do: viii.1982, J.S. Hong); 1♂(Seok-do I., Chungcheongnam-do: viii.1982, J.S. Hong); 1♀(Eocheong I., Jeollabuk-do: viii.1982, J.S. Hong); 3♂♂, 2♀♀ (Soan I., Wando-gun, Jeollanam-do: 23.viii.1982, J.S. Hong); 3♂♂, 1♀(Dog-do I., intertidal and 2 m depth: 1.x.1981, J.S. Hong); 1♂, 2♀♀ (Tongyeong port: 1.xi.2010); 1♂ (Geumjin port, Gangneung-shi: 6.vi.2012); 1♀ (Gyoam-ri, Goseong-gun, Gang- won-do: 10.vii.2012); 1♀(Yangpo port, Gyeongsangbuk-do: 20.x.2012). REMARKS: This is the commonly found specis of the genus Anoplodactylus in Korean littoral waters. As the most outstanding feature of this species, the cement glands of the male legs bear 4- 8 pores instead of a tube (Nakamura and Child, 1983).

42. Anoplodactylus crassus Nakamura and Child, 1988 (Fig. 49) Jeop-si-nat-ba-da-geo-mi (접시낫바다거미)

Anoplodactylus crassus Nakamura and Child, 1988, p. 810, fig. 1; Nakamura and Child, 1991, p. 25. Anoplodactylus viridintestinalis: Kim, 1988, p. 3; Kim and Hong, 1986, p. 44; Hong and Kim, 1987, p. 225; Nakamura and Child, 1988, p. 812, fig. 2a-f. 98 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Sea Spiders

A G

B C

D E

Fig. 49. Anoplodactylus crassus. male: A. habitus, dorsal; B. habitus, lateral; C. chela; D. oviger; E. fourth leg; F. distal part of first leg. female: G. habitus, dorsal. Scales: A, B, E, G=0.2 mm, C=0.05 mm, D, F=0.1 mm. Pantopoda: Phoxichilidiidae: Anoplodactylus 99

Body (Fig. 49A, B, G) compact. Body length of male 1.15 mm, measured from anterior tip of proboscis to distal end of fourth lateral process; width of trunk between distal end of second lateral processes 0.82 mm. Body larger in female than in male. Body circular, disk-shaped. Lateral processes compact, closely in contact with each other; last pair in female separated from third one by a distance slightly less than its diameter, armed in both sexes with a dorsodistal tubercle. Trunk somites not well-marked. Eye tubercle as long as wide, direcrted slightly anteriorly and bluntly pointing anteriorly. Eyes darkly pigmented. Neck shorter than wide, projected beyond base of proboscis. Abdomen short, slightly longer than last pair of lateral processes. Proboscis cylindrical, longer than wide, widest at near tip, slightly angular in male and roundly curved in female. Palp absent. Chelifore scape slender, terminating near tip of proboscis, armed dorsally with several spine- bearing tubercles in male and being smooth in female. Chela finger as long as palm. Movable finger longer than immovable one, strongly curved tip. Each finger with 2-4 minute teeth (Fig. 49C). Oviger (Fig. 49D) 6-segmented, present only in male; first segment very wide; second and third segment with a small, semicircular and transparent tubercle at ventro-distal corners; third segment slightly longer than second, with a weak articulation at proximal fourth; fourth segment weakly curved, about 2/3 as long as third one; fifth segment 2/3 as long as fourth, with many recurved setae; last segment slightly longer than half length of fifth one. Lengths of segments from proximal to distal: 0.12, 0.32, 0.32, 0.21, 0.15, and 0.10 mm. Legs short (Fig. 49E). Coxa 1 of male legs with 1-3 tubercles at both corners but smooth in female. Male genital process of fourth leg as long as its width, but obscure in third leg. Femur being longest segment; cement gland forming a short tube on mid-dorsal surface (Fig. 49E). Tibia 1 curved proximally. Tibia 2 shorter than tibia 1, with 1 or 2 dorsal tubercles. Propodus wide but narrowing distally, with strong heel armed with 2 or 3 (usually 2) curved spines and 1 tuft of setae; sole with many small setae of equal size and regularly spaced; lamina covering entire sole. Claw curved. Auxiliary claw absent.

DISTRIBUTION: Korea, Japan, Samoa. KOREA: GW, GB, GN, CN, JN. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 3♂♂, 2♀♀ (Geomun I., intertidal, Jeollanam-do: 13.vii.1984); 1♂(Garorim Bay, Chungcheongnam-do: x.1980, J.S. Hong); 1♀(Sadong, Ullung I.: x.1981, J.S. Hong); 4♀♀ (Soan I., Jeollanam-do: 23.viii.1982, J.S. Hong); 4♂♂, 7♀♀ (Soheuksan I., Jeollanam-do: viii.1982, J.S. Hong); 1♀ (Hongdo I., Jeollanam-do: viii.1982, J.S. Hong); 1♂ (Dokdo-I., depth 2 m: 1.x.1981, J.S. Hong); 2♂♂, 7♀♀ (Oongdo I., Jinhae Bay, Gyeongsangnam-do: iii.1983, J.S. Hong); 1♂, 3♀♀ (Daejuk I., Jinhae Bay, Gyeongsangnam-do: iii.1983, J.S. Hong); 6♂♂, 3♀♀ (Jamdo I., Jinhae Bay, Gyeongsangnam-do: iii.1983, J.S. Hong); 18♂♂, 41♀♀ (in front of the Korea Industry Co., Jinhae Bay, Gyeongsangnam-do: iii.1983, J.S. Hong). REMARKS: I had identified Korean specimens of this species as A. viridintestinalis (Cole, 1904). But Nakamura and Child (1988) have re-examined the type specimen of A. viridintestinalis from Bering Sea, the type locality, and have concluded that it is different from the West Pacific. Hence, they described the West Pacific specimens as a new species under the name of A. crassus. I agree with their conclusion and adopt the name A. crassus. 100 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Sea Spiders

43. Anoplodactylus velamellus Nakamura and Child, 1991 (Fig. 50) Ga-neun-nat-ba-da-geo-mi (가는낫바다거미)

Anoplodactylus velamellus Nakamura and Child, 1991, p. 32, fig. 12. Anoplodactylus spec. a Stock, 1954, p. 88, fig. 40c-d; Hong and Kim, 1987, p. 161, fig. 17.

Female: Body (Fig. 50A, B) rather slender and 1.50 mm long, measured from anterior tip of proboscis to distal end of fourth lateral process. Body width 0.62 mm across second lateral processes. Trunk segmented, but articulation indistinct between third and fourth thoracic somites. Lateral process as long as wide and smooth. Distance between lateral processes as wide as lateral process. Cephalic somite distinctly extended anteriorly. Eye tubercle conical, slightly leaning anteriorly, about 1.5 times as long as proximal width, with pointed apex. Eyes located proximally on eye tubercle. Proboscis cylindrical, 0.37×0.25 mm, with truncate apex. Abdomen not observed due to

B A

E D C

Fig. 50. Anoplodactylus velamellus. A. habitus, dorsal; B. habitus, lateral; C. chela; D. first leg; E. distal part of first leg. Scales: A, B, E=0.2 mm, C=0.1 mm, D=0.5 mm. Pantopoda: Pycnogonidae: Pycnogonum 101 its damage. Chelifore (Fig. 50C) 2-segmented. Scape gradually widening distally, extending over apex of proboscis, with 2 blunt tubercles dorso-distally. Chela palm about 1.3 times as long as wide; movable finger slightly longer than palm, with 2 small teeth in middle and 2 or 3 setae on outer margin; immovable finger with 1 tooth. Palp absent. Oviger 6-segmented. Third segment distinctly longer than other segment, 1.6 times as long as second segment. Second and fourth segments nearly equal in length. Terminal segment short, triangular, shorter than wide. 10 setae on fifth segment and 2 or 3 on terminal segment. Oviger absent in female. Legs relatively short (Fig. 50D). Lengths of legs reduced from anterior to posterior pairs. First coxa slightly longer than wide. Second coxa about 1.7 times as long as first coxa. Femur longest. First and second tibiae almost equal in length. Cement gland large, about 0.7 times as long as femur and located proximally in femur, with 2 short, tubercle-like tubes. Femur with elongate, slender projection dorso-distally. Propodus (Fig. 50E) with moderately pronounced heel bearing 4 large spines and about 7 spines on sole. Claw slightly longer than half as long as propodus. Auxiliary claw small.

DISTRIBUTION: Korea, Japan. KOREA: GB. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 1♀(Dog-do I., 2 m depth: 1.x.1981, J.S. Hong). REMARKS: Only a single female of this species was found in Korea. Parts of the above text is cited from the description of Nakamura and Child (1991). These authors reported 50-60 m as the depth range for this species in Sagami Bay, Japan, but the Korean specimen was found at a depth of 2 m in the Sea of Japan.

Family Pycnogonidae Wilson, 1878 Song-jang-ba-da-geo-mi-gwa (송장바다거미과)

Body with hard integument. Chelifores and palps absent. Ovigers present only in male, small, 9- segmented, with terminal claw. Legs short and robust, without auxiliary claws. 75 species in 3 genera.

Genus Pycnogonum Brünnich, 1764 Song-jang-ba-da-geo-mi-sok (송장바다거미속)

44. Pycnogonum tenue Kishida, 1927 Jak-eun-song-jang-ba-da-geo-mi (작은송장바다거미)

Pycnogonum tenue Kishida, 1927, p. 989, fig. 1905; Hedgpeth, 1949, p. 303, fig. 48b, 50c-d; Stock, 1954, p. 162; 1966, p. 401; Utinomi, 1955, p. 36, figs. 22, 23; 1959, p. 216; 1965, p. 338; 1971, p. 338; Naka- mura and Child, 1983, p. 64; 1991, p. 63; Nakamura, 1987, p. 37. 102 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Sea Spiders

DISTRIBUTION: Korea (Korea Strait), Japan, Aleutian Is.. 7-416 m (Child, 1995). KOREA: GN. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: None. REMARKS: Stock (1954) recorded “Korea Strait” as the collection site of this species. According to Child (1995) the diagnostic features of Pycnogonum tenue are as follows: Trunk and appendage integument lightly reticulated or sometimes unreticulated but granular. Trunk with slender dorso-median tubercles, rounded or pointed. Lateral processes slightly longer than diameter, closely spaced but separated distally, with low dorso-distal bulges sometimes becoming a continuous dorsal ridge. Proboscis a long tapering truncate cone with flat oral surface. Abdomen fairly long, slender, tapering distally, extending beyond distal rim of first coxae of fourth legs. Oviger 9-segmented, of moderate size, terminal claw slightly curved. Legs with moderately slender major segments, with very few short spines. Propodus tapering distally to smaller diameter, sole with pile of short spines, claw robust, long, more than half length of propodus, auxiliary claws lacking. According to Child (1995), this is the most commonly found species of Pycnogonum in Japan. But no specimen has been so far discovered by the present author in Korean waters.

45. Pycnogonum uedai Nakamura and Child, 1983 (Fig. 51) Song-jang-ba-da-geo-mi (송장바다거미)

Pycnogonum uedai Nakamura and Child, 1983, p. 64, fig. 21; 1991, p. 63. Pycnogonum koreanum Kim and Stock, 1984, p. 685, figs. 1-6; Kim and Hong, 1986, p. 50; Hong and Kim, 1987, p. 161.

Body (Fig. 51A, B) depressed. Trunk rather slender. Integument ormamented with minute setules and rosette-like elements (Fig. 51D). Lateral processes well-separated by narrow intervals. Eye tubercle flat and low; eyes pigmented. A low boss present at the posterior margin of first to third thoracic somites. A similar boss present at distal end of fourth lateral processes (Fig. 51C). Other lateral processes inconspicuously raised. Length of cephalic somite 1.17 mm in female and 0.89 mm in male. Length of second trunk somite 0.83 mm in female and 0.53 mm in male. Length of third trunk somite 0.74 mm in female and 0.53 mm in male. Width across second lateral processes 1.79 mm in female and 1.40 mm in male. Chelifore and palp absent. Proboscis widest near base, truncated at tip. Abdomen not much constricted at its base, almost cylindrical, rounded distally. Length of proboscis 1.45 mm in female and 0.82 mm in male. Greatest diameter of proboscis 0.88 mm in female and 0.57 mm in male. Oviger (Fig. 51E) of male 8 segmented with terminal claw. Second segment with row of spines, other segments without conspicuous armature. Seventh and eighth segments subequal in length. Eggs carried in single mass; eggs small, numerous and 90 μm in diameter. Oviger absent in female. Legs rather robust (Fig. 51F). First coxa, in particular of third and fourth legs, with angular anterior projection. Second coxa of fourth leg in female with dorsal genital aperture. Third coxa with triangular ventral projection. Femur with very conspicuous proximo-ventral boss. Femur and tibiae with small tubercles; second tibia distinctly shorter than first tibia. Tarsus wedge-shaped. Propodus curved; sole with rather numerous small spinules, especially in its distal half. These Pantopoda: Pycnogonidae: Pycnogonum 103

C A

D E

Fig. 51. Pycnogonum uedai. A. habitus, dorsal; B. habitus, lateral; C. posterior part of trunk, dorsal; D. ornamentation of body surface; E. oviger; F. fourth leg. Scales: A, B=1 mm; C=0.5 mm, D=0.05 mm; E=0.1 mm, F=0.2 mm. 104 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Sea Spiders spinules, as well as those on ventral margin of tarsus, with bifid tip. Claw curved. Auxiliary claws present but very small. Lengths of segment of leg 3 of female (in mm): first coxa 0.32, second coxa 0.35, third coxa 0.33, femur 0.79, first tibia 0.49, second tibia 0.36, tarsus 0.08, propodus 0.52, and claw 0.22.

DISTRIBUTION: Korea, Japan. KOREA: GW, GB, JN, CN. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: 3♂♂, 4♀♀ (type specimens, intertidal, Ullung I.: 13.x.1982); 2♂♂, 2♀♀ (Namyang, Ullung I.: x.1981, J.S. Hong); 1♀ (Soheuksan I., Jeollanam-do: viii.1982, J.S. Hong); 1 specimen (Chuja I.: vii.1985); 4♂♂, 3♀♀ (Jangho, Samcheok: 2.vi.1986); 1♂(Hojang I., Sinan, Jeol- lanam-do: 20.viii.1983, J.S. Hong); 2♂♂, 4♀♀ (trawled in Garorim Bay, muddy bottom, Chung- cheongnam-do: 27.v.1981, J.S. Hong). REMARKS: This species was named Pycnogonum uedai by Nakamura and Child (1983) and P. koreanum by Kim and Stock (1984). Nakamura and Child (1983) has precedence over Kim and Stock (1984), therefore P. uedai is the valid name. This species lives in crevices or among sea weeds in the intertidal and in shallow sublittoral waters. It is not rare but is hardly noticed because of its immobility. Nakamura and Child (1983) recorded 7-15 m as the depth range of this species in Japan. 105

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- The citations preceded by an asterisk are those not available to the author -

Arita, K., 1936. Ein überzähliges Bein bei einer Pantopoden-Art (Nymphonella tapetis Ohshima). Annot. Zool. Japon., 15(4): 469-477, pl. 1. Arnaud, F., 1988. Les Pycnogonides (Chelicerata) de Méditerranée: Distribution écologique, bathymetrique et biogeographie. Mésogée Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Marseille, 1987, 47: 37-58. Arnaud, F. and R.N. Bamber, 1987. The biology of Pycnogonida. Adavances in Marine Biology, 24: 1-96. Bamber, R.N., 1983. Some deep water Pycnogonids from the North-East Atlantic. Zool. J. Linn. Soc., 77: 65-74. Bamber, R.N., 1985. The intinerant sea-spider Ammothea hilgendorfi (Böhm) in British Waters. Proc. Hampsh. Field Club Archaeol. Soc., 41: 269-270. Bamber, R.N., 1997. Pycnogonids (Arthropoda: Pycnogonida) from the Cape d’Aguilar Marine Reserve, Hong Kong. In: B. Morton (ed.), The Marine Biology of the South China Sea. Proceedings of the Third Inter- national Conference on the Marine Biology of the South China Sea, Hong Kong, 2-20 April 1995. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press. Bamber, R.N., 1998. Zoogeographic trends in sone Hong Kong Arthropods. In: B. Morton (ed.), The Marine Biology of the South China Sea. Proceedings of the Third International Conference on the Marine Bio- logy of the South China Sea, Hong Kong, 28 October-1 November 1996. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Uni- versity Press. Bamber, R.N., 2000. Pycnogonida: Pycnogonids from French cruises to New Caledonia, Fiji, Tahiti and the Marquesas. New records and new species. In: A. Crosnier (ed.), Résultats des campagnes MUSORTOM, 21. Mém. Mus. Nat. d’Hist. nat., 184: 611-625. Bamber, R.N., 2004. Pycnogonids (Arthropoda: Pycnogonida) from Taiwan, with description of three new species. Zootaxa, 458: 1-12. Bamer, R.N., 2011. Class Pycnogonida Latreille, 1810. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.) Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness. Zootaxa, 3148: 110-111. Bamber, R.N. and M.H. Thurston, 1995. The deep-water pycnogonids (Arthropoda: Pycnogonida) of the northeastern Atlantic Ocean. Zool. J. Linnean Soc., 115: 117-162. *Böhm, R., 1879. Ueber die Pycnogoniden des Kgl. Zoolog. Museums zu Berlin, insbesondere über die von S.M.S. Gazelle mitgebrachten Arten. Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1879: 170-195, pls. 1-2. *Böhm, R., 1879a. Ueber zwei neue von Herrn Dr. Hilgendorf in Japan gesammelte Pycnogoniden. Sitz.-Ber. Ges. Naturforsch. Fr. Berlin, 1879(4): 53-60. *Böhm, R., 1879b. Ueber Pycnogoniden. - Sitz.-Ber. Ges. Naturforsch. Fr. Berlin, 1879(9): 140-142. Bouvier, E.L., 1923. Pycnogonides. Faune de France, 7: 1-69. Calman, W.T., 1938. Pycnogonida. Sci. Rep. John Murray Exped., 1933-34, 5(6): 147-166. *Caullery, M., 1896. Pycnogonides. Résultats scientifiques de la campagne du “Caudan” dans le golfe de Gascogne, aoûtsept. 1895. Ann. Univ. Lyon, 26: 361-364. Child, C.A., 1970. Pycnogonida of the Smithsonian-Bredin Pacific- Expedition, 1957. Proc. biol. Soc. Wash., 83(27): 287-308. Child, C.A., 1979. Shallow-water Pycnogonida of the Isthmus of Panamá and the coasts of Middle America. Smiths. Contr. Zool., Washington, 293: 1-86. Child, C.A., 1982a. Pycnogonida of the Western Pacific Islands. I. The Marshall Islands. Proc. Biol. Soc. 106 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Sea Spiders

Wash., 95(2): 270-281. Child, C.A., 1982b. Deep-sea Pycnogonida from the North and South Atlantic Basins. Smiths. Contr. Zool., 349: 1-54. Child, C.A., 1987. The Pycnogonida types of H.V.M. HALL. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 100(3): 552-558. Child, C.A., 1988a. Pycnogonida of the western Pacific islands, III, Recent Smithsonian-Philippine expeditions. Smiths. Contr. Zool., 468: 1-32. Child, C.A., 1988b. Pycnogonida of the western Pacific islands. IV. On some species from the Ryukyu Islands. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 101(3): 662-670. Child, C.A., 1992. Pycnogonida of the Southeast Pacific Biological Oceanographic Project (SEPBOP). Smiths. Contr. Zool., 526: 1-43. Child, C.A., 1995. Pycnogonida of the western Pacific islands, XI: collections from the Aleutians and other Bering Sea islands, Alaska. Smiths. Contr. Zool., 569: 1-30. Chimenz, C. and V. Cottarelli, 1986. Soft bottom Pycnogonida from the Gulf of Salerno (Italy). Oebalia, 13: 137-146. Clark, W.C., 1977. The genus Ammothea Leach (Pycnogonida) in New Zealand waters: New species and a review. J. Roy. Soc. N.Z., 7(2): 171-187. Cole, L.J., 1904. Pycnognida of the West Coast of North America. Harriman Alaska Exped., 10: 249-330. Dohrn, A., 1881. Die Pantopoden des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeresabschnitte. Monogr. Fauna Flora Golf. Neapel, 3: 1-252. Exline, H., 1936. Pycnogonids from Puget Sound. Proc. U.S. Natn. Mus., 83(2991): 414-422. Guille, A. and J. Soyer, 1968. Nouvelle signalisation du genre Nymphonella Ohshima à Banyuls-sur-Mer: Nymphonella lecalvezi n. sp. Vie Milieu (A), 18(2A): 345-353. Hall, H.V.M., 1913. Pycnogonida from the coast of California with descriptions of two new species. - Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool., 11(6): 127-142. Hedgpeth, J.W., 1941. A key to the Pycnogonida of the Pacific coast of North America. Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., 9(26): 253-264. Hedgpeth, J.W., 1948. The Pycnogonida of the Western North Atlantic and the Caribbean. Proc. U.S. natn. Mus., 97(3216): 157-342. Hedgpeth, J.W., 1949. Report on the Pycnogonida collected by the Albatross in Japanese waters in 1900 and 1906. - Proc. U.S. natn. Mus. 98(3231): 233-321. Hedgpeth, J.W., 1963. Pycnogonida of the North American Arctic. J. Fish. Res. Board Can., 20(5): 1315-1348. *Helfer, H., 1938. Einige neue Pantopoden aus der Sammlung des Zoologischen Museums in Berlin. Sitz.- Ber. Ges. naturforsch. Fr. Berlin, 1937(2): 162-185. Hilton, W.A., 1939. A preliminary list of pycnognids from the shores of California. J. Ent. Zool. Pomona Coll., 31(2): 27-35. Hilton, W.A., 1942a. Pycnogonids from the Allan Hancock Expeditions. Rep. Allan Hancock Exped., 5(9): 227- 339. *Hilton, W.A., 1942b. Pycnogonids from Hawaii. - Occ. Pap. Bernice P. Bishop Mus., Honolulu, Hawaii, 17(3): 43-55. *Hilton, W.A., 1942c. Pantopoda chiefly from the Pacific. I. Nymphonidae. - J. Ent. Zool. Pomona Coll., 34(1): 3-7. *Hilton, W.A., 1943. Pycnogonids from the Pacific. Family Colossendeidae. J. Ent. Zool. Pomona Coll., 35(1): 2-4. Hodge, G., 1864. List of the British Pycnogonoidea, with descriptions of several new species. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 13: 113-117, pls. 12, 13. Literature Cited 107

Hoek, P.P.C., 1881. Report on the Pycnogonida dredged by HMS Challenger 1873-76. Rep. Sci. Res. Expl. Voyage HMS Challenger, 3(10): 1-167, pls. 1-21. Hong, J.-S. and I.H. Kim, 1987. Korean Pycnogonids chiefly based on the collections of the Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute. Korean J. Syst. Zool., 3(2): 137-164. Kim, H.S. and I.H. Kim, 1985. Achelia crurispinifera, a new Pycnogonid species from Korean waters. Kor. J. Zool., 28(2): 120-124. Kim, I.H., 1982. Description of a sea-spider (Pycnogonida), new to Korea. J. Kangreung Natn. Univ., 4: 275- 281 (in Korean with English abstract). Kim, I.H., 1983. Tanystylum ulreungum, a new pycnogonid species from Korean water. J. Kangreung Natn. Univ., 5(2): 467-471. Kim, I.H., 1984. Common Pycnogonid species from East Sea and South Sea of Korea. J. Kangreung Natn. Univ., 7: 531-551. Kim, I.H., 1986. Four Pycnogonid species new to Korean Fauna. Proc. Nat. Sci. Res. Inst., Kangreung Natn. Univ., 2(1): 1-9. Kim, I.H. and J.-S. Hong, 1986. Korean shallow-water Pycnogonids based on the collections of the Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute. Korean J. Syst. Zool., 2(2): 35-52. Kim, I.H. and J.-S. Hong, 1987. Bradypallene espina, new genus and new species, a Pycnogonid from the East Sea of Korea (Pycnogonida). Korean J. Zool., 30(3): 272-276. Kim, I.H. and J.-S. Hong, 1989. Korean shallow-water Pycnogonids based on the collections of the Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute. Korean J. Syst. Zool., 2(2): 35-52. Kim, I.H. and J.H. Stock, 1984. A new Pycnogonid, Pycnogonum koreanum, sp. nov. from the Sea of Japan. J. Nat. Hist., 18: 685-688. King, P.E., 1972. The marine flora and fauna of the Isles of Scilly. Pycnogonida. J. Nat. Hist., 6: 621-624. King, P.E., 1974. British Sea Spiders (Arthropoda: Pycnogonida). Keys and notes for the identification of the species. Synopses of the British Fauna (New Ser.), 5: ivi, 1-68; London & New York, Academic Press. *Kishida, K., 1927. Pantopoda. In: Nikon Dôbutsu tsaran: p. 989. Hokoryûkan, Tokyo (in Japanese). Krapp, F., 1973. Pycnogonida from Pantelleria and Catania, Sicily. Beaufortia, 21(277): 55-74. Krapp, F., 1983. Pantopoden aus Nordwestafrika (Pycnogonida). Bonner Zool. Beitr., 34(1-3): 405-415. Krapp-Schickel, G. and F. Krapp, 1975. Quelques traits de l’écologie d’Amphipodes et de Pycnogonides pro- venant d’un îlot nord-adriatique. Vie et Milieu (B), 25(1): 1-31. *Krøyer, H., 1845, 1844. Bidrag til Kundskab om Pycnogoniderne eller Søspindlerne. Naturhist. Tidskr., Kjøbenhavn, (2), 1: 90-139. Loman, J.C.C., 1911. Japanische Podosomata: Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte Ostasiens, herausgegeben von F. Doflein. Abh. Kaiserl. Bayerisch. Akad. Wiss. (Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.), Suppl. 2(4): 1-18. Losina-Losinsky, L. K., 1929. Ueber einige neue Formen der Pantopoda. - Zool. Jb. (Syst.), 57: 537-544. Losina-Losinsky, L.K., 1933. Die Pantopoden der östlichen Meere der U.S.S.R. - Issledov. Morei S.S.S.R., Lenin- grad, 17: 43-80 (in Russian with German summary). Losina-Losinsky, L.K., 1961. Pantopoda of the far-eastern seas of the U.S.S.R.. - Issledov. Dalnyevost. Morei SSSR, Leningrad, 7: 47-117 (in Russian). *Losina-Losinsky, L.K. and E.P. Turpaeva, 1958. The genus Colossendeis (Pantopoda) in the northern part of the Pacific Ocean. - Byull. Mosk. Obshchest. Ispyt. Prirody, 63(1): 23-33. [in Russian, English summary] *Lou, T.-H., 1936. Sur deux nouvelles variétés de Pycnogonides recueillies à Tsing-Tao, dans la baie de Kiao- Chow, Chine. Contr. Inst. Zool., Natn. Acad. Peiping, 3(1): 1-34, 4 pls. Miyazaki, K., 1991. Structure of the adult female reproductive system and oogenetic mode in the sea spider, Endeis nodosa (Pycnogonida; Endeidae). J. Morphol., 209: 257-263. 108 Invertebrate Fauna of Korea·Sea Spiders

Miyazaki, 2002. Occurrence of juvenile forms of a pycnogonid, Ammothella biunguiculata (Pycnogonida, Ammo- theidae) in an actinian, Entacmaea actinostoloides (Anthozoa, Stichodactylidae). Proc. Athropod. Embryol. Jpn., 37: 43-44. Miyazaki, K. and T. Makioka, 1993. A case of intersexuality in the sea spider Cilunculus armatus (Pycnogonida; Ammotheidae) Zool. Sci., 10: 127-132. Miyazaki, K., Y. Kobayashi, M. Toba and H. Tsuchiya, 2010. Biology of Nymphonella tapetis ohshima, 1927, a harmful pycnogonid endoparasitic on the commercial bivalve, Ruditapes philippinarum. Proc. Japan. Soc. Syst. Zool., 28: 45-54 (in Japanese with English abstract). Munilla, T., 1980. Desarrollo anual y reproduccion de Achelia echinata Hodge, 1864 (Pycnogonida). Cah. Biol. Mar., Roscoff, 21: 115-121. Munilla, T., 1988. A collection of pycnogonids from Namibia/South West Africa. Monogr. Zool. Marino, 3: 177-204. Munilla, T. and A. De Haro, 1981. An electrophoretical and immunological study of Pycnogonida, with phy- logenetic considerations. Bijdr. Dierk., 51(2): 191-198. Nakamura, K., 1987. The sea spiders of Sagami Bay. Biol. Lab., Imp. Household, 1987: 1-43, pls. 1-40. Nakamura, K. and C.A. Child, 1983. Shallow-water Pycnogonida from the Izu Peninsula, Japan. Smiths. Contr. Zool., 386: 1-71. Nakamura, K. and C.A. Child, 1988. Pycnogonida of the Western Pacific Islands IV. On some species from the Ryukyu Islands. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 101(3): 662-670. Nakamura, K. and C.A. Child, 1991. Pycnogonida from Waters Adjacent to Japan. Smiths. Contr. Zool., 512: 1-74. Nakamura, T. and K. Sekiguchi, 1980. Mating behaviour and oviposition in the pycnogonid Propallene longiceps. Mar. Ecol., 2: 163-168. Ohshima, H., 1927. Nymphonella tapetis n. g., n. sp., a pycnogon parasite in a bivalve. Annot. Zool. Japon., 11(3): 257-263. [bivalve host] Ohshima, H., 1933. Pycnogonids taken with a tow-net. Annot. Zool. Japon., 14(2): 211-220. Ohshima, H., 1935. A further note on Nymphonella tapetis: the egg-carrying mature male. - Annot. Zool. Japon., 15(1): 95-102. Okuda, S., 1940. Metamorphosis of a pycnogind parasitic in a hydromedusa. J. Fac. Sci., Hokkaido Univ. (Zool. 6) 7(2): 73-86. [hydroid host, development] *Ortmann, A.E., 1891. Bericht über die von Herrn Dr. Döderlein in Japan gesammelten Pycnogoniden. - Zool. Jb. (Syst.), 5(1): 157-168. Sars, G.O., 1891. Pycnogonidea. Norw. N.-Atl. Exped., 1876-1878, 6(Zool), 20: 1-163. *Schimkewitsch, W., 1913. Einige neue Pantopoden. Ann. Mus. Zool. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, 18: 240- 248. Slater, H.H., 1879. On a new genus of Pycnogon and a variety of Pycnogonum littorale from Japan. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (5)3(16): 281-283. Stock, J.H., 1953. Contribution to the knowledge of the pycnogonid fauna of the East Indian Archipelago. Biol. Res. Snellius Exped., XVII. Temminckia, 9: 276-313. Stock, J.H., 1954. Pycnogonida from Indo-West-Pacific, Australian, and New Zealand Waters. Vidensk. Medd. Dansk naturhist. Foren., 116: 1-168. Stock, J.H., 1955. Pycnogonida from the West Indies, Central America and the Pacific Coast of North America. Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen’s Pacific Expedition 1914-1916. Vidensk. Medd. Dansk Naturhist. Foren., 117: 209-266. Stock, J.H., 1956. Tropical and subtropical Pycnogonida, chiefly from South Africa. Vidensk. Medd. Dansk. Literature Cited 109

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Index to Korean Names

ㄱ 두마디손각시바다거미속 73 등뾰족애기손바다거미 12 가는낫바다거미 100 뚱보각시바다거미 67 가시애기손바다거미 18 뚱보낫바다거미 95 각시바다거미과 61 각시바다거미속 64 고다니기생바다거미 82 ㅁ 극동긴몸무손바다거미 60 기생바다거미과 75 매끈기생바다거미 80 기생바다거미속 76 매끈코바다거미 48 긴목각시바다거미 64 무손바다거미과 60 긴몸무손바다거미속 60 무촉지바다거미과 88 긴발목기생바다거미 82 무촉지바다거미속 88 긴손접시바다거미속 30 민바다거미과 89 긴팔기생바다거미 78 민바다거미속 89 꼬마기생바다거미 76 꼬마긴손접시바다거미 30 꼬마바다거미 43 ㅂ 꼬마바다거미속 43 바다거미강 9 바다거미목 9 ㄴ 북방애기손바다거미 10 불가사리바다거미 57 남방긴손접시바다거미 32 불가사리바다거미속 57 남방무촉지바다거미 88 뿔애기손바다거미 15 남방털보애기손바다거미 22 남양민바다거미 89 낫바다거미과 91 ㅅ 낫바다거미속 91 너도접시바다거미 40 사가미각시바다거미 69 너도접시바다거미속 37 송장바다거미 102 느림보바다거미 61 송장바다거미과 101 느림보바다거미속 61 송장바다거미속 101 술병부리바다거미 27 술병부리바다거미속 24 ㄷ

더듬바다거미 53 ㅇ 더듬바다거미속 53 돌기낫바다거미 91 애기손바다거미속 10 돌기코바다거미 50 어깨홈바다거미 37 두마디손각시바다거미 73 어깨홈바다거미속 37 Index to Korean Names 111

왜불가사리바다거미 57 ㅋ 외돌기긴손접시바다거미 34 외발톱기생바다거미 86 코바다거미과 47 울릉꼬마바다거미 45 코바다거미속 47 입술바다거미 71 큰손너도접시바다거미 37 입술바다거미속 71

ㅌ ㅈ 털보애기손바다거미 21 작은송장바다거미 101 작은술병부리바다거미 24 접시낫바다거미 97 ㅎ 접시바다거미과 9 조개코바다거미 51 혹기생바다거미 84 황해낫바다거미 93 112

Index to Korean Names as Pronounced

A Gin-pal-gi-saeng-ba-da-geo-mi 78 Gin-son-jeop-si-ba-da-geo-mi-sok 30 Ae-gi-son-ba-da-geo-mi-sok 10 Gi-saeng-ba-da-geo-mi-gwa 75 Gi-saeng-ba-da-geo-mi-sok 76 Go-da-ni-gi-saeng-ba-da-geo-mi 82 B

Ba-da-geo-mi-gang 9 H Ba-da-geo-mi-mok 9 Buk-bang-ae-gi-son-ba-da-geo-mi 10 Hok-gi-saeng-ba-da-geo-mi 84 Bul-ga-sa-ri-ba-da-geo-mi 57 Hwang-hae-nat-ba-da-geo-mi 93 Bul-ga-sa-ri-ba-da-geo-mi-sok 57

I D Ip-sul-ba-da-geo-mi 71 Deo-deum-ba-da-geo-mi 53 Ip-sul-ba-da-geo-mi-sok 71 Deo-deum-ba-da-geo-mi-sok 53 Deung-ppyo-jok-ae-gi-son-ba-da-geo-mi 12 Dol-gi-ko-ba-da-geo-mi 50 J Dol-gi-nat-ba-da-geo-mi 91 Du-ma-di-son-gak-si-ba-da-geo-mi 73 Jak-eun-song-jang-ba-da-geo-mi 101 Du-ma-di-son-gak-si-ba-da-geo-mi-sok 73 Jak-eun-sul-byeong-bu-ri-ba-da-geo-mi 24 Jeop-si-ba-da-geo-mi-gwa 9 Jeop-si-nat-ba-da-geo-mi 97 E Jo-gae-ko-ba-eda-geo-mi 51

Eo-kkae-hom-ba-da-geo-mi 37 Eo-kkae-hom-ba-da-geo-mi-sok 37 K

Keun-son-neo-do-jeop-si-ba-da-geo-mi 37 G Kko-ma-ba-da-geo-mi 43 Kko-ma-ba-da-geo-mi-sok 43 Gak-si-ba-da-geo-mi-gwa 61 Kko-ma-gin-son-jeop-si-ba-da-geo-mi 30 Gak-si-ba-da-geo-mi-sok 64 Kko-ma-gi-saeng-ba-da-geo-mi 76 Ga-neun-nat-ba-da-geo-mi 100 Ko-ba-da-geo-mi-gwa 47 Ga-si-ae-gi-son-ba-da-geo-mi 18 Ko-ba-da-geo-mi-sok 47 Geuk-dong-gin-mom-mu-son-ba-da-geo-mi 60 Gin-bal-mok-gi-saeng-ba-da-geo-mi 82 M Gin-mok-gak-si-ba-da-geo-mi 64 Gin-mom-mu-son-ba-da-geo-mi-sok 60 Mae-ggeun-gi-saeng-ba-da-geo-mi 80 Index to Korean Names as Pronounced 113

Mae-kkeun-ko-ba-da-geo-mi 48 S Min-ba-da-geo-mi-gwa 89 Min-ba-da-geo-mi-sok 89 Sa-ga-mi-gak-si-ba-da-geo-mi 69 Mu-chok-ji-ba-da-geo-mi-gwa 88 Song-jang-ba-da-geo-mi 102 Mu-chok-ji-ba-da-geo-mi-sok 88 Song-jang-ba-da-geo-mi-gwa 101 Mu-son-ba-da-geo-mi-gwa 60 Song-jang-ba-da-geo-mi-sok 101 Sul-byeong-bu-ri-ba-da-geo-mi-sok 24 Sul-byeong-bu-ri-ba-da-geo-mi 27 N

Nam-bang-gin-son-jeop-si-ba-da-geo-mi 32 T Nam-bang-mu-chok-ji-ba-da-geo-mi 88 Nam-bang-teol-bo-ae-gi-son-ba-da-geo-mi 22 Teol-bo-ae-gi-son-ba-da-geo-mi 21 Nam-yang-min-ba-da-geo-mi 89 Ttung-bo-gak-si-ba-da-geo-mi 67 Nat-ba-da-geo-mi-gwa 91 Ttung-bo-nat-ba-geo-mi 95 Nat-ba-da-geo-mi-sok 91 Neo-do-jeop-si-ba-da-geo-mi 40 Neo-do-jeop-si-ba-da-geo-mi-sok 37 U Neu-rim-bo-ba-da-geo-mi 61 Neu-rim-bo-ba-da-geo-mi-sok 61 Ul-reung-kko-ma-ba-da-geo-mi 45

O W

Oe-bal-top-gi-saeng-ba-da-geo-mi 86 Wae-bul-ga-sa-ri-ba-da-geo-mi 57 Oe-dol-gi-gin-son-jeop-si-ba-da-geo-mi 34

Ppul-ae-gi-son-ba-da-geo-mi 15 114

Index to Scientific Names

A Callipallenidae 61 Cheilopallene 71 Achelia 10 nodulosa 71 alaskensis 10 Cilunculus 37 bituberculata 2 armatus 37 crurispinifera 15 Colossendeidae 60 echinata 18 latifrons 21 orpax 22 D Ammothea 24 hedgpethi 24 Decachela 57 hilgendorfi 27 discata 57 Ammotheidae 9 dogieli 57 Ammothella 30 biunguiculata 30 indica 32 E monotuberculata 34 Anoplodactylus 91 Endeidae 89 erectus 91 Endeis 89 hwanghaensis 93 nodosa 89 pycnosoma 95 Hedgpethia 60 crassus 97 chitinosa 60 velamellus 100 Ascorhynchidae 47 Ascorhynchus 47 I glaberrimus 48 ramipes 50 incertae 57 stocki 51

N B Nymphon 76 Bradypallene 61 akanei 76 espina 61 elongatum 78 japonicum 80 kodanii 82 C longitarse 82 striatum 84 Callipallene 64 uniunguiculataum 86 amaxana 64 Nymphonella 53 dubiosa 67 tapetis 53 sagamiensis 69 Nymphonidae 75 Index to Scientific Names 115

P Pycnogonida 9 Pycnogonidae 101 Pallenopsidae 88 Pycnogonum 101 Pallenopsis 88 tenue 101 temperans 88 uedai 102 Pantopoda 9 Paranymphon 37 magnidigitum 37 T spinosum 40 Phoxichilidiidae 91 Tanystylum 43 Propallene 73 scrutator 43 longiceps 73 ulreungum 45

Russia

JB GN JN

JJ South Sea Invertebrate Fauna of Korea

Volume 21, Number 25 Arthropoda: Pycnogonida: Pantopoda Sea Spiders

Flora and Fauna of Korea

National Institute of Biological Resources Ministry of Environment National Institute of Biological Resources Ministry of Environment