Cordillera Del Atlas - Geografía

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Cordillera del Atlas - geografía. Cordillera del Atlas, sistema montañoso que se extiende por el noroeste de África integrado por distintas sierras y que ocupa una distancia aproximada de 2.400 km entre Túnez y Marruecos. Geológicamente, el sistema se compone de dos zonas separadas: el Gran Atlas al suroeste, en Marruecos, que se formó por el plegamiento de la antigua meseta del Sahara; y el Atlas telliano al este, entre Argelia y Túnez, que se formó más tarde por un plegamiento distinto, coetáneo a la formación del sistema alpino en Europa. El Alto o Gran Atlas es la parte más elevada del sistema. Su pico más elevado es el monte Toubkal, con 4.165 m. Al norte, ocupando el centro de Marruecos, se encuentra la segunda sierra más elevada, el Atlas Medio, con una altitud máxima de unos 3.350 m. Otras sierras prominentes del sistema son el Anti-Atlas (elevación máxima de unos 2.060 m), al sur y paralelo al Gran Atlas; el Atlas sahariano, que se extiende por Argelia desde el este de Marruecos, con una elevación máxima (Jebel Chelia) de 2.328 m, y el Atlas telliano o marítimo, con una elevación media de 1.520 m, que se extiende a lo largo de la costa mediterránea, desde un punto cercano al extremo oriental del estrecho de Gibraltar hasta el cabo Bon, en Túnez. En la antigüedad, Jebel Musa (antiguo Abila o Abyla), un promontorio (846 m) que ocupa el extremo occidental del Atlas Medio, y la roca de Gibraltar, en el lado europeo del estrecho del mismo nombre, se conocían como las Columnas de Hércules. La cordillera del Atlas está atravesada por numerosos puertos que facilitan las rutas entre la costa y el Sahara. Las laderas norteñas del Gran Atlas y las del norte y sur del Atlas Medio están densamente arboladas: cedros, pinos, alcornoques y robles son las especies predominantes. Valles fértiles y extensos pastizales se extienden por éstas y otras partes del sistema. Las sierras poseen gran variedad de yacimientos de oro, plata, plomo, cinc, hierro, manganeso, antimonio, fosfatos y petróleo, aunque estos recursos están poco explotados. Las montañas del Atlas son el hábitat tradicional de los bereberes. Ciertas áreas del sistema montañoso, principalmente las costeras, eran conocidas por los europeos de la antigüedad, pero la exploración sistemática de las distintas sierras no comenzó hasta la segunda mitad del siglo XIX. Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2009. © 1993--2008 Microsoft Corporation. Reservados todos los derechos. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) 1 / 1.

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