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UCE-FCB-ROJAS LUIS.Pdf UNIVERSIDAD CENTRAL DEL ECUADOR FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS CARRERA DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS Y AMBIENTALES Diversidad taxonómica y funcional de arañas epígeas (Arachnida) en un proceso de sucesión ecológica tras un incendio en el cerro Atacazo, provincia de Pichincha, Ecuador Trabajo de grado (modalidad Proyecto de Investigación) presentado como requisito para obtener el título de Licenciado en Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales AUTOR: Rojas Mera Luis David TUTOR: MSc. Adriana Paulina Guarderas Valverde Quito, 2021 i DERECHOS DE AUTOR Yo, Luis David Rojas Mera en calidad de autor y titular de los derechos morales y patrimoniales del trabajo de titulación: “Diversidad taxonómica y funcional de arañas epígeas (Arachnida) en un proceso de sucesión ecológica tras un incendio en el cerro Atacazo, provincia de Pichincha, Ecuador”, modalidad Proyecto de Investigación, de conformidad con el Art. 114 del CÓDIGO ORGÁNICO DE LA ECONOMÍA SOCIAL DE LOS CONOCIMIENTOS, CREATIVIDAD E INNOVACIÓN, concedo a favor de la Universidad Central del Ecuador una licencia gratuita, intransferible y no exclusiva para el uso no comercial de la obra, con fines estrictamente académicos. Conservo a mi favor todos los derechos de autor sobre la obra, establecidos en la normativa citada. Así mismo, autorizo a la Universidad Central del Ecuador para que realice la digitalización y publicación de este trabajo de titulación en el repositorio virtual, de conformidad a lo dispuesto en el Art. 144 de la Ley Orgánica de Educación Superior. El autor declara que la obra objeto de la presente autorización es original en su forma de expresión y no infringe el derecho de autor de terceros, asumiendo la responsabilidad por cualquier reclamación que pudiera presentarse por esta causa y liberando a la Universidad de toda responsabilidad. Firma: ____________________________ Luis David Rojas Mera C.C.: 1726499716. Dirección electrónica: [email protected] ii APROBACIÓN DEL TRABAJO DE TITULACIÓN POR PARTE DEL TUTOR Yo, Adriana Paulina Guarderas Valverde, en mi calidad de tutora del trabajo de titulación, modalidad: Proyecto de Investigación, elaborado por el estudiante Luis David Rojas Mera; cuyo título es: Diversidad taxonómica y funcional de arañas epígeas (Arachnida) en un proceso de sucesión ecológica tras un incendio en el cerro Atacazo, provincia de Pichincha, Ecuador, previo a la obtención del Grado de Licenciado en Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales; considero que el mismo reúne los requisitos y méritos necesarios en el campo metodológico y epistemológico, para ser sometido a la evaluación por parte del tribunal examinador que se designe, por lo que lo APRUEBO, a fin de que el trabajo sea habilitado para continuar con el proceso de titulación determinado por la Universidad Central del Ecuador. En la ciudad de Quito a los dieciséis días del mes de marzo del año 2021 ____________________ Firma Adriana Paulina Guarderas Valverde DOCENTE TUTORA C.C.: 1711980738 iii APROBACIÓN DEL TRABAJO DE TITULACIÓN El Tribunal constituido por: MSc. Fidel Rodríguez y MSc. Ana Soto Luego de receptar la presentación escrita del trabajo de titulación previo a la obtención del título de Licenciado/a en Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales presentado por el señor Luis David Rojas Mera. Con el título: Diversidad taxonómica y funcional de arañas epígeas (Arachnida) en un proceso de sucesión ecológica tras un incendio en el cerro Atacazo, provincia de Pichincha, Ecuador. Emite el siguiente veredicto: APROBADO Fecha: 3 de junio de 2021. Para constancia de lo actuado firman: Nombre Apellido Calificación Firma Revisor 1 Fidel Rodríguez 19.68 ____________ Revisor 2 Ana Soto 19.4 ____________ iv ÍNDICE GENERAL pág. DERECHOS DE AUTOR ............................................................................................ ii APROBACIÓN DEL TRABAJO DE TITULACIÓN POR PARTE DEL TUTOR ... iii APROBACIÓN DEL TRABAJO DE TITULACIÓN ................................................ iv ÍNDICE GENERAL...................................................................................................... v LISTA DE TABLAS ................................................................................................... vi LISTA DE FIGURAS ................................................................................................. vii LISTA DE ANEXOS ................................................................................................. viii RESUMEN ................................................................................................................... ix ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................................x INTRODUCCIÓN ........................................................................................................ 1 METODOLOGÍA ......................................................................................................... 8 Área de estudio .......................................................................................................... 8 Diseño de estudio ...................................................................................................... 9 Población y muestra .................................................................................................. 9 Métodos (campo, gabinete o laboratorio) .................................................................. 9 Análisis estadístico .................................................................................................. 11 RESULTADOS ........................................................................................................... 16 Composición de arañas de suelo en el páramo del cerro Atacazo ........................... 16 Gremios funcionales ................................................................................................ 17 Diversidad alfa ........................................................................................................ 19 Comparaciones de diversidad .................................................................................. 22 Relación con parámetros ambientales ..................................................................... 29 DISCUSIÓN ............................................................................................................... 31 CONCLUSIONES ...................................................................................................... 39 RECOMENDACIONES ............................................................................................. 40 LITERATURA CITADA............................................................................................ 41 ANEXOS .................................................................................................................... 49 v LISTA DE TABLAS Tabla pág. 1. Composición taxonómica de las arañas epígeas registradas para el área de estudio. ................................................................................................................................ 16 2. Composición de gremios funcionales y su abundancia acumulada para el área de estudio. ................................................................................................................... 17 3. Resultados del análisis SIMPER para el área de estudio. ....................................... 28 4. Datos mensuales de la diversidad de arañas epígeas y promedios de mediciones de parámetros ambientales, utilizados para los análisis de correlación. ..................... 29 vi LISTA DE FIGURAS Figura pág. 1. Mapa del área de estudio en el páramo del cerro Atacazo, provincia de Pichincha. 8 2. Patrones de abundancia de los gremios funcionales registrados para ambos estratos de vegetación a través de los meses de muestreo. .................................................. 19 3. Curvas de acumulación de morfoespecies para los dos estratos de vegetación por estado. ..................................................................................................................... 21 4. Análisis de rarefacción-extrapolación basada en abundancias para q=0 (riqueza) . 22 5. Patrones de diversidad verdadera a través del tiempo para ambas zonas del páramo de pajonal ............................................................................................................... 23 6. Patrones de diversidad verdadera a través del tiempo para ambas zonas del páramo arbustivo ................................................................................................................. 24 7. Diversidad beta de las comunidades de arañas epígeas evaluada a través del tiempo mediante los coeficientes de similitud de Jaccard y Sorensen. .............................. 26 8: Análisis NMDS para la abundancia por meses de las arañas epígeas entre zonas quemadas y conservadas de ambos estratos. .......................................................... 28 9. Resultados de las correlaciones ............................................................................... 30 vii LISTA DE ANEXOS Anexo pág. A: Coordenadas de los puntos de muestreo en formato UTM, en el páramo del cerro Atacazo. ....................................................................................................................... 49 B: Registro fotográfico del proceso de revisión de trampas en el cerro Atacazo. ...... 49 C: Permiso de investigación científica. ....................................................................... 50 ....................................................................................................................................
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