BATTLE of BUXAR, 1764 the Battle of Buxar Is a Significant Battle in the India Freedom Struggle

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

BATTLE OF BUXAR, 1764 The Battle of Buxar is a significant battle in the India freedom struggle. The Battle was the pivotal battle which was fought between English Forces, and a joint army of the Nawab of Oudh Shah Alam II, Nawab of Bengal, Mir Kasim, and Mughal Emperor. The battle was the result of misuse of Dastak, Farman and also the trade colonialist desire of English. BATTLE OF BUXAR CAUSES • Mir Kasim wanted to be independent and shifted his capital to Munger Fort from Calcutta. • He also hired foreign experts to train his army. • He treated Indian merchants and English as same. • The result of misuse of Dastak, Farman and expansion of trade by English. • These factors fuelled the English decided to overthrow him and war broke out between Mir Kasim and the Company in 1763. COURSE OF BUXAR WAR • Mir Qasim fled to Oudh • He planned a confederacy with Shuja-ud-daula, the Nawab of Oudh and the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II in a final bid to overthrow the English from Bengal. • Mir Qasim’s soldiers met the English army troops directed by Major Munro in 1764. • Joined armies of Mir Qasim were defeated by the British. • Mir Qasim absconded from the battle and the other two surrendered to the English army. • The battle of Buxar ended with the Treaty of Allahabad in 1765. RESULT OF BATTLE OF BUXAR • Robert Clive was selected the first Governor General of Bengal. • He made political settlements with Emperor Shah Alam II and Shuja- ud-Daula of Awadh in the Treaty of Allahabad. www.pragnyaias.com 7288081111 .

Copy Link

Recommended publications

The Keys to British Success in South Asia COLIN WATTERSON
The Keys to British Success in South Asia COLIN WATTERSON “God is on everyone’s side…and in the last analysis he is on the side with plenty of money and large armies” -Jean Anouilh For a period of a period of over one hundred years, the British directly controlled the subcontinent of India. How did a small island nation come on the Edge of the North Atlantic come to dominate a much larger landmass and population located almost 4000 miles away? Historian Sir John Robert Seeley wrote that the British Empire was acquired in “a fit of absence of mind” to show that the Empire was acquired gradually, piece-by-piece. This will paper will try to examine some of the most important reasons which allowed the British to successfully acquire and hold each “piece” of India. This paper will examine the conditions that were present in India before the British arrived—a crumbling central political power, fierce competition from European rivals, and Mughal neglect towards certain portions of Indian society—were important factors in British control. Economic superiority was an also important control used by the British—this paper will emphasize the way trade agreements made between the British and Indians worked to favor the British. Military force was also an important factor but this paper will show that overwhelming British force was not the reason the British military was successful—Britain’s powerful navy, ability to play Indian factions against one another, and its use of native soldiers were keys to military success. Political Agendas and Indian Historical Approaches The historiography of India has gone through four major phases—three of which have been driven by the prevailing world politics of the time.
[Show full text]
CC-12:HISTORY of INDIA(1750S-1857) II.EXPANSION and CONSOLIDATION of COLONIAL POWER
CC-12:HISTORY OF INDIA(1750s-1857) II.EXPANSION AND CONSOLIDATION OF COLONIAL POWER: (A) MERCANTILISM,FOREIGN TRADE AND EARLY FORMS OF EXTRACTION FROM BENGAL The coming of the Europeans to the Indian subcontinent was an event of great significance as it ultimately led to revolutionary changes in its destiny in the future. Europe’s interest in India goes back to the ancient times when lucrative trade was carried on between India and Europe. India was rich in terms of spices, textile and other oriental products which had huge demand in the large consumer markets in the west. Since the ancient time till the medieval period, spices formed an important part of European trade with India. Pepper, ginger, chillies, cinnamon and cloves were carried to Europe where they fetched high prices. Indian silk, fine Muslin and Indian cotton too were much in demand among rich European families. Pearls and other precious stone also found high demand among the European elites. Trade was conducted both by sea and by land. While the sea routes opened from the ports of the western coast of India and went westward through the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea to Alexandria and Constantinople, Indian trade goods found their way across the Mediterranean to the commercials hubs of Venice and Genoa, from where they were then dispersed throughout the main cities of Europe. The old trading routes between the east and the west came under Turkish control after the Ottoman conquest of Asia Minor and the capture of Constantinople in1453.The merchants of Venice and Genoa monopolised the trade between Europe and Asia and refused to let the new nation states of Western Europe, particularly Spain and Portugal, have any share in the trade through these old routes.
[Show full text]
DAY 20 ADVENT of EUROPEANS.Indd
20 PRELIMS 2021 120 DAYS PLANNER QUICK REVISION MODULE - 2 HISTORY Advent of Europeans ADVENT OF EUROPEANS Introduction But, the new sea route via the Cape of Good Hope was discovered by Vasco da Gama in 1498 and thereafter, many trading companies came to India and established their trading centres.The British East India Company was a Joint- Stock Company established in 1600, as the Company of Merchants of London Trading into the East Indies. During this time, other trading companies, established by the Portuguese, Dutch, French, and Danish were similarly expanding in the region. The British Company gained footing in India in 1612 after Mughal emperor Jahangir granted the rights to establish a factory (a trading post) in Surat to Sir Thomas Roe, a representative diplomat of Queen Elizabeth Ist of England. The factors responsible for advent of European powers in India were: Immense wealth of India Heavy demand for Indian commodities like spices, calicoes, silk, various precious stones, porcelain, etc European advancement in the ﬁ eld of ship building and navigation in the 15th century. The Portuguese Pedro Alvarez Cabral arrived in 1500 and Vasco da Gama also made a second trip in 1502. They established trading stations at Calicut, Cannanore and Cochin. Later in 1509 Albuquerque was made the governor of the Portuguese territories in India. He introduced “the policy of imperialism”. In 1510, he captured Goa from the ruler of Bijapur. Thereafter, Goa became the capital of the Portuguese settlements in India. The successors of Albuquerque established Portuguese settlements at Daman, Salsette and Bombay on the west coast and at Santhome near Madras and Hugli in Bengal on the east coast.
[Show full text]
Expansion and Consolidation of Colonial Power Subject : History
Expansion and consolidation of colonial power Subject : History Lesson : Expansion and consolidation of colonial power Course Developers Expansion and consolidation of colonial power Prof. Lakshmi Subramaniam Professor, Centre for Studies in Social Sciences, Kolkata Dynamics of colonial expansion--1 and Dynamics of colonial expansion--2: expansion and consolidation of colonial rule in Bengal, Mysore, Western India, Sindh, Awadh and the Punjab Dr. Anirudh Deshpande Associate Professor, Department of History, University of Delhi Language Editor: Swapna Liddle Formating Editor: Ashutosh Kumar 1 Institute of lifelong learning, University of Delhi Expansion and consolidation of colonial power Table of contents Chapter 2: Expansion and consolidation of colonial power 2.1: Expansion and consolidation of colonial power 2.2.1: Dynamics of colonial expansion - I 2.2.2: Dynamics of colonial expansion – II: expansion and consolidation of colonial rule in Bengal, Mysore, Western India, Awadh and the Punjab Summary Exercises Glossary Further readings 2 Institute of lifelong learning, University of Delhi Expansion and consolidation of colonial power 2.1: Expansion and consolidation of colonial power Introduction The second half of the 18th century saw the formal induction of the English East India Company as a power in the Indian political system. The battle of Plassey (1757) followed by that of Buxar (1764) gave the Company access to the revenues of the subas of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa and a subsequent edge in the contest for paramountcy in Hindustan. Control over revenues resulted in a gradual shift in the orientation of the Company‟s agenda – from commerce to land revenue – with important consequences. This chapter will trace the development of the Company‟s rise to power in Bengal, the articulation of commercial policies in the context of Mercantilism that developed as an informing ideology in Europe and that found limited application in India by some of the Company‟s officials.
[Show full text]
Bengal-Bangladesh Border and Women
The Bengal-Bangladesh Borderland: Chronicles from Nadia, Murshidabad and Malda 1 Paula Banerjee Introduction Borderland studies, particularly in the context of South Asia are a fairly recent phenomenon. I can think of three works that have made borderlands, particularly the Bengal-Bangladesh borderland as the focal area of their study in the last one decade. Ranabir Samaddar’s The Marginal Nation: Transborder Migration From Bangladesh to West Bengal started a trend that was continued by Willem Van Schendel in his The Bengal Borderland: Beyond State and Nation in South Asia . Both these books argue that the border is part of larger zone or the borderland that at once constructs and subverts the nation. Samaddar goes beyond the security and immutable border discourse and problematises the borderland by speaking of flows across the border. He argues that such flows are prompted by historical and social affinities, geographical contiguity and economic imperative. People move when their survival is threatened and rigid borders mean little to the desperate. They question the nation form that challenges their existence. If need be they find illegal ways to tackle any obstacle that stand in their path of moving particularly when that makes the difference between life and death. Thereby Samaddar questions ideas of nation state and national security in present day South Asia when and if it privileges land over the people who inhabit that land. Van Schendel also takes the argument along similar lines by stating that without understanding the borderland it is impossible to understand the nation form that develops in South Asia, the economy that emerges or the ways in which national identities are internalized.
[Show full text]
A Flashback on the Revolt of 1857 Aparna Ghosh Das Assistant Professor, Dept
International Research Journal of Interdisciplinary & Multidisciplinary Studies (IRJIMS) A Peer-Reviewed Monthly Research Journal ISSN: 2394-7969 (Online), ISSN: 2394-7950 (Print) Volume-II, Issue-V, June2016, Page No. 53-59 Published by: Scholar Publications, Karimganj, Assam, India, 788711 Website: http://www.irjims.com A Flashback on the Revolt of 1857 Aparna Ghosh Das Assistant professor, Dept. of Political Science, Karimganj College, Karimganj, Assam, India Abstract The analysis on Revolt of 1857 always gives birth to two pertinent questions- whether it is a nationalist war or a mutiny of sepoys. The latter’s participation in the revolt is due to the discontent regarding the introduction of Enfield Rifle and some social and economic reforms introduced by the British Government. The common people also showed their remarkable involvement into the revolt because of which it gradually turned into a nationalist movement. Key Words: Revolt, Sepoy Mutiny, British Government, Class, Colonialists May 1857, when a revolt broke out in Meerut against the East India Company, the British felt the danger and took necessary steps to curb it. The army was reorganised, the financial system was changed and finally the British Crown was called up to exercise direct control over the Indians. The revolt had a premature death- its leaders were blamed to have poor planning strategy, lack of military leadership and weak organisational base. But the revolt became popular and what contribute to its popularity is nothing but the debate that basically lies regarding its nature-when scholars like Veer Savarkar in his book, “The Indian War of Independence-1857”, made an attempt to look at the incidents of 1857 from nationalist point of view, some other historians believe that the revolt was a lawless effort of some sepoys.
[Show full text]
Peshwa Madhav Rao I
Peshwa Madhav Rao I Shrimant Peshwa Madhavrao Bhat I was the 9th Peshwa of the Maratha Empire, who played a crucial role in reviving Maratha supremacy following the disastrous third battle of Panipat in 1761. For his efforts, he is regarded as one of the greatest Peshwas of the Maratha Empire. This article will give details about Peshwa Madhav Rao I within the context of the Civil Services Examination. Background of Peshwa Madhav Rao I Peshwa Madhav Rao was the second son of Peshwa Nanasaheb, born on February 5, 1745. The Maratha Empire at the time governed much of western, central and northern India. Peshwa Nanasaheb had expanded a robust system of governance to administer the vast empire and was looking forward to further expansion when it suffered a devastating defeat at the hands of Ahmad Shah Abdali at the third battle of Panipat in 1761. Peshwa Nnansaheb’s eldest son and heir Vishwas Rao and cousin Sadashivrao Bhau lost their life during the battle. Peshwa Nanasaheb would pass away on June 23, 1761, in Pune Upon his brother’s death Madhav Rao, who was 16 years old at the time was made the next Peshwa of the Maratha Empire while his paternal uncle, Raghunathrao acted as regent. Reign of Peshwa Madhav Rao I. Peshwa Madhav Rao I had inherited a Maratha Empire reeling from the after-effects of the disaster at Panipat. The treasury was nearly empty due to other war campaigns and extravagant spending. He ensured that unnecessary funding was cut down and financial discipline was upheld. But his new assertiveness in state administration put him at odds with his uncle Raghunatrao.
[Show full text]
3 18Kp2h05 20210130124617
HISIORy OF TNDIA FROM 1707 To1857 C-E COde No 18KP2Ho5 UNZT-I Later Muha1- Bahadur Shah L 707 - 1712) SuccesBoh Auran 3 zeb iad in 1707. A War of tarted amongsE hi's three Suving Sons VZ Muazzam - the overnor ot Kabul: A zam- tha goveyno of Gruarat omol Kam Baksh - Thefoveyhor Of Byaur MuaZzam deteated Azam amd Kam Baksk acen ded the Muzhal throne with the Eitle ot Bahadw shash JahamdaY Shahú712-13 He ascenodadl the thvene with the hefP ot zulfikar khah abolishes Jaziya Farrakhkiyar (713-1 He lo cka the ability andl Krowleaje to ule indefendehtly. His Teigh Sauw +he emargence of the ayyid B»othex8 Muhammed shah (I119 -48) Nodir Shah invadad Tndio ord tok aWay Peacock 1hone emd Kohun co duamond Ahme Shah ( 17A 8- 54) Abmed Shah abdola Cien eral ot Nadr shah) marcheol tow ardsDalh Omod the Mhal ceded Pn)ab omol Mutan Alamfir I754 5) Ahmas Shah occuPielDe/hi. Del Dalh Was Plundorad by Marathos Shah Alam I U757- 19 0) Could not eteretes Del he or 2 y2r8 Akbar 8ob 3D Pensioney ot Est Inla ComPeny a hadu shah T 1827-51) Last Mugha! Empero who made Pre mier duin tte 1857 Revslt Dec line gt Mughal In 173 durin the agion Moham med hah aerion King .Nadir hah inadas Ihda omd broke up the Muhal empre He Plundesed Dalh Omo took the ko hiner diahoha wit him to Aah mtah Peshwa touhded by Ba/aj yshwansth, Who Cohcluda reement with +he ayyid Brothers Cthe kin mak ers in hutory) by which Mhal EmperY Farukh siyyay vecojn'h Shahu as the King ot Swara) ya BaJi Ro I 720 40 Baji Rao the eldast on Bala viwarath ^ucceadad him a ashu at the ae ot 20 Considased a the Yetpst exponent ot Juarila tactics oftes hivaji Maratho Power reachad t Zehith omd YAt en Ot Con federocy beon defeated Aiddis ot Jonira Conuest o Basein mo alke tte o m Portug uese Ba la Baji Rao 0740 61) Popularl kown a Nana oheb.
[Show full text]
Battle of Buxar 1764 - UPSC Mains History
Battle of Buxar 1764 - UPSC Mains History With the advent of Europeans in India, the British East India Company gradually conquered Indian territories. The Battle of Buxar is one such confrontation between the British army and their Indian counterparts which paved the way for the British to rule over India for the next 183 years. The Battle of Buxar took place in 1764 and is an important chapter in Indian Modern History for the IAS Exam. This article will talk about the Battle of Buxar in detail to help UPSC aspirants understand it for the mains examination. You can also download the Battle of Buxar notes PDF from the link provided. What was the Battle of Buxar? It was a battle fought between the English Forces, and a joint army of the Nawab of Oudh, Nawab of Bengal, and the Mughal Emperor. The battle was the result of misuse of trade privileges granted by the Nawab of Bengal and also the colonialist ambitions of East India Company Background of the Battle of Buxar Before the battle of Buxar, one more battle was fought. It was the Battle of Plassey, that gave the British a firm foothold over the region of Bengal. As a result of the Battle of Plassey, Siraj-Ud-Daulah was dethroned as the Nawab of Bengal and was replaced by Mir Jafar (Commander of Siraj's Army.) After Mir Jafar became the new Bengal nawab, the British made him their puppet but Mir Jafar got involved with Dutch East India Company. Mir Qasim (son-in-law of Mir Jafar) was supported by the British to become the new Nawab and under the pressure of the Company, Mir Jafar decided to resign in favour of Mir Kasim.
[Show full text]
Social Sciences
SOCIAL SCIENCES 1. Choose the correct answer from the given alternatives (One mark each): (a) Nana Fadnavis was an able Maratha (i) leader (ii) accountant (iii) king (iv) minister (b) The agency that was not a part of Company’s administration was (i) judiciary (ii) police (iii) lok adalat (iv) army (c) An Indian soldier Mangal Pandey was (i) killed (ii) hanged (iii) honoured (iv) murdered (d) Lord Ripon’s Hunter Commission took place in (i) 1880 (ii) 1881 (iii) 1882 (iv) 1883 (e) The Panchsheel Agreement is between India and (i) Bhutan (ii) Sri Lanka (iii) China (iv) Tibet (f) Who is known as the ‘Father of Silicon Valley’? (i) Federick E. Terman (ii) Mark Zuckerberg (iii) Steve jobs (iv) Bill Gates (g) Fraternity means (i) liberty (ii) freedom (iii) democratic (iv) brotherhood (h) Who can suspend the fundamental rights during emergency? (i) Prime Minister (ii) President (iii) Constitution (iv) Parliament (i) A judge of the High Court retires at the age of (i) 52 (ii) 62 (iii) 72 (iv) 82 (j) Man- made lake, Govind Sagar is associated with (i) Damodar Valley Project (ii) Hirakud Project (iii) Bhakra Nangal Project (iv) Nagarjuna Sagar Project (k) Lord Dalhousie implemented the policy of (i) Subsidiary Alliance (ii) Give and take (iii) Doctrine of Lapse (iv) Paramountcy (l) The Permanent Settlement System was derived by Lord (i) Mountbatten (ii) Cornwallis (iii) Dalhousie (iv) Macaulay (m) The cartridges were greased with (i) pig’s fat (ii) cow’s fat (iii) hen’s fat (iv) only (i) and (ii) (n) The railway line between Thane and Bombay was
[Show full text]
How the Riches of Bengal Laid to the Consolidation of British Empire in India
American International Journal of Available online at http://www.iasir.net Research in Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences ISSN (Print): 2328-3734, ISSN (Online): 2328-3696, ISSN (CD-ROM): 2328-3688 AIJRHASS is a refereed, indexed, peer-reviewed, multidisciplinary and open access journal published by International Association of Scientific Innovation and Research (IASIR), USA (An Association Unifying the Sciences, Engineering, and Applied Research) How the Riches of Bengal Laid to the Consolidation of British Empire in India Dr. Hareet Kumar Meena Assistant Professor, Department of History, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh, INDIA [email protected] Abstract: The English East India Company was established on 31st December 1600 in Britain with objective to trade with India. However, the mid eighteenth century witnessed the transformation of English East India Company from a commercial enterprise to a status of mighty political power. Apart from the other numerous causes, the decline of Mughal rule obviously provided a great opportunity for expansion East India Company. In reference to Bengal, it was mainly the commercial rivalry between the British and the Nawabs of Bengal, which plotted the battels of Plassey (1757) and Buxar (1764). More to it, the deterioration in the administration provided a chance to the English Company to play a significant job in the politics of Bengal. After the betrayal of Plassey, the company's priority shifted towards establishing an extended empire in India rather than collecting revenue. The Company decided to acquire the fertile region of Bengal in order to maintain its trade and military strength. The intention of the Company to remit the surplus revenue of Bengal as tribute through the channel of investment brought about certain changes in the nature of functioning of the Company.
[Show full text]
The Indian Rebellion of 1857
The Indian Rebellion of 1857 The Indian Rebellion of 1857 began as a mutiny of sepoys of the East India Company's army on 10 May 1857, in the cantonment of the town of Meerut, and soon escalated into other mutinies and civilian rebellions largely in the upper Gangetic plain and central India, with the major hostilities confined to present-day Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, northern Madhya Pradesh, and the Delhi region. The rebellion posed a considerable threat to East India Company power in that region, and was contained only with the fall of Gwalior on 20 June 1858. The rebellion is also known as India's First War of Independence, the Great Rebellion, the Indian Rebellion, the Indian Mutiny, the Revolt of 1857, the Rebellion of 1857, the Uprising of 1857, the Sepoy Rebellion and the Sepoy Mutiny. Other regions of Company-controlled India – such as Bengal, the Bombay Presidency, and the Madras Presidency – remained largely calm. In Punjab, the Sikh princes backed the Company by providing soldiers and support. The large princely states of Hyderabad, Mysore, Travancore, and Kashmir, as well as the smaller ones of Rajputana, did not join the rebellion. In some regions, such as Oudh, the rebellion took on the attributes of a patriotic revolt against European presence. Maratha leaders, such as Lakshmibai, the Rani of Jhansi, became folk heroes in the nationalist movement in India half a century later; however, they themselves generated no coherent ideology for a new order. The rebellion led to the dissolution of the East India Company in 1858. It also led the British to reorganize the army, the financial system and the administration in India.
[Show full text]