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Home , Battle of Buxar, Chanda Sahib, Farrukhsiyar, Muhammad Shah, Third Battle of Panipat

HISIORy OF TNDIA FROM 1707 To1857 C-E COde No 18KP2Ho5 UNZT-I Later Muha1- Bahadur Shah L 707 - 1712) SuccesBoh Auran 3 zeb iad in 1707. A War of tarted amongsE hi's three Suving Sons VZ Muazzam - the overnor ot : A zam- tha goveyno

of Gruarat omol Kam Baksh - Thefoveyhor Of Byaur MuaZzam deteated Azam amd Kam Baksk acen ded the Muzhal throne with the Eitle ot Bahadw shash JahamdaY Shahú712-13 He ascenodadl the thvene with the hefP ot zulfikar khah abolishes Jaziya Farrakhkiyar (713-1 He lo cka the ability andl Krowleaje to ule indefendehtly. His Teigh Sauw +he emargence of the ayyid B»othex8 Muhammed shah (I119 -48) Nodir Shah invadad Tndio ord tok aWay Peacock 1hone emd Kohun co duamond Ahme Shah ( 17A 8- 54) Abmed Shah abdola Cien eral ot Nadr shah) marcheol tow ardsDalh Omod the Mhal ceded Pn)ab omol Mutan Alamfir I754 5) Ahmas Shah occuPielDe/hi. Del Dalh Was Plundorad by Marathos Shah Alam I U757- 19 0) Could not eteretes Del he or 2 y2r8 8ob 3D Pensioney ot Est Inla

ComPeny a hadu shah T 1827-51) Last Mugha! Empero who made Pre mier duin tte 1857 Revslt Dec line gt Mughal In 173 durin the agion Moham med hah aerion King .Nadir hah inadas Ihda omd broke up the Muhal empre He Plundesed Dalh Omo took the ko hiner diahoha wit him to Aah mtah touhded by Ba/aj yshwansth, Who Cohcluda reement with +he ayyid Brothers Cthe kin mak ers in hutory) by which Mhal EmperY Farukh siyyay vecojn'h Shahu as the King ot Swara) ya BaJi Ro I 720 40 Baji Rao the eldast on Bala viwarath ^ucceadad him a ashu at the ae ot 20 Considased a the Yetpst exponent ot Juarila tactics oftes hivaji Maratho Power reachad t Zehith omd YAt en Ot Con federocy beon defeated Aiddis ot Jonira Conuest o Basein mo alke tte o m Portug uese Ba la Baji Rao 0740 61) Popularl kown a Nana oheb. he butcadad hu fothes afte age o 20 Afes the dootn ot Ahahal1z49) te manage ment oall state a tHairs was lest in s hand In Om agreemert wth ate Mhal em Pevoama Ahoh e Pehwai75a) ias to P>etect +he mughal E Pire aom intenal and extevnal Ahmad ShahAs ehemul th ei un or te d Battle o Pamifat CAD 176l) batweth Mavahaom Ahme hoh Abdali Jave a bi joH to the Mara tha empire Invabion o Nadi shah - shah In 1139 dunng he veJn of Muhammad a Pesian king Nadir hoh in mdlad Muha mmasl Ahah the Battle of kamal oma ader mercissly masiacred the Peoplo ofDelk Nadir bhah however Teintated Muhamned shah

wel Nadir shah gin vaAion md we bacK to Per sia a broKe the back o M ha Enpire. As relult in the DeCcon he Mav thas beCame Very powertul A amd AliyaydilF Sadot Ali KhomG1OveThoY of wadh Rohi llas GrovexnoY o Omal the Rohi as pe hd en in the Gonjes Valley also belama incda Muha mmad Ahahs The empire of 174 8 1754 ondy uctes Ahmad (skah emo es sor Comisted of The Loms adJoinu' hg Imalul-mulk in some utrict Ahmad sh»h's wazir oftes terroriking became Muhamnad ultim placel hu sonh hum md ately throhe as A uddau lah oh the amji - Azim murdored md ano ther He was ae oh Mhal Pince was hs ta lled oh the throhe he ir apare ht prhce Shah Am Sonh reduge with Na uwab waziT o4 a Was Con'sed A twadh Shah Alom re Adai the ultesbor the emPerov by moler tha Piotoctio Nad Bhah . He ve Jefeat at tho.iy of te Chl'ah asles h ihi'h 17417L4 the Battle of Bux honcls outot to Delh t the etwr heol 1171 he Marathaswho PloLe thHhe invita tioh of m- hro ne Shah h w oh he 18oL 1837) AbarARbar shah T Bahaduy da by as Succee amou ruler Mhal 837 moomol Last betweeh e ulod British Zatar the shah mder he titlar Kih a in hame 158 as rulas only 1858Muhal empero r&

PoLiticalPowex The Teal a e ted mti hod shif nth y htee Ceht e h ig Kingolom to he w THIRD BATTLE QE PANTPAT : In Tune 1747 Ahama Shah D UYon OY Ahamad Shah Abdo robe to powef ih Omo e tab L'slas the Durom Empr2 AJhontan . He Crased i the 1148 mot onneXeol ahoreTh 1749 lost Aindh ond . Ih Mughal EmP i I767 h era wa onster allack ond, he acked Del : Mathina. Mandaten etc. The Mahals aeptrd thu formidable Alhons oh the uzLranty. He nsaleoto A bnsitpmzi I throhL oellDelh. The East Incdua Compahy albo accepted hu 8uzerant y Bt heMaratha d not actept Bala Bojra0 Ben Raghunath Rad tHem was t Courle the Afhpmt Razhmadh Rao aple to throw o Timur Shah (Son ofAhamad Ahah Abdal omo rovernor ofLahore Mu/ton am oshmur ano bro ught e Mun om Koshmir mdes the Marath Tle, nhe of th new Hindu kinzdom Was not accepfable Ho e Muglald Aghons le a hn heo rauted a Holy war annsE te Thfide omol Wamorg rom peshtun Botker tribes amkw ereod his Cal Ths Cl minaed in the Th'rd Ba ttle 0T Pom Pal whi ch paVeod Way for 2rtish Rule in Zndia Third Battle of_PaPatPatI761 Thurd BattleBa ttle of Panipal wad fouyk in 176 Thu wa the Lajest wav o he 1? # Cedurd Tle Maratka were lool by sodachivrad phau The bale ol/owed 7uo months Ovno Symhes Jhe Marathe werebadly defecteod h he War Judlevin o aomo bo 70 thowtomol Waiovd Le7 Iogt thei ablest Com mand.ers 2 alay, . o Rao mahle jo bear the hock dAftev dOd n June 7%1 A.D .

UNIT Ad v of Europeo in 2ndiq. r2 Chocd te Port fovluguee Vasco-d- G1ama of Calscut in 1498 during the rah of King Zomor Hinu rwer of calicud) chaulard Settleme nts Daman. SaLsette Bombay Cwest Coast) Son Thomo (noa MaelD m al Hofhry AL tonko de Albuguarque the Secohd Gta VeYnor of Tri (first being 1onbibCO e A Imeida) arriyeol in 157 anol coftured CoanAlso Dtch Dtch Eest Ihda Confony was fomed in AD bo2 Dutch were de Heated by bguilh at # Batlle of Becdara in AD 1759 anol al Per afreemenl, the puth Jainad the Con/rol over Indonesia omol the Brilish oveY Thdia, Sn Lanka omo Malaya Settlement 3 They het-uf their irst factory alMalupattnon in 16o6 Their other Lactores were Pulhcat. chnsura, BalAore, Nogapottoran. Cochin burat. Kankal anol kosimbazar Engh'ak Tha EngL'sh tst India Company Walwa fomao th 1597 unoler a charter Jrontad by eeh Elizobetk in koo.Tahargir rontad a taman to cftan hlliam Hawkins Fermitting the Englkh to erect a Jactory at SuradCI3) In 1615 Si Tho mas Roe bucceelad in Jetting om imperia farmon to ta do omol establ feac tory in all Parts ef he by Yuler was establiskhad at h6go a factory Autlanati by Jab charnock in 1698 folla Wing the acuLition of Zamindan of threa villnje o Sutlanat Koukata and Grovindpur the ciiyot Calcutta was domola d Fort Will am was set opinlzu In 1717 AuTmam abtaincol O tarmen rom Farrukhiyar which gave are Con Cesbions to #e Com Pomy Ths farmam has beeh Colled te Magna Carta ofle Company Battle of plasbey 757 EnyL'sh de}aeofod Airadndoaula the na wab oBenga Ba ttle of B4 xav {76A) captair Mro de festeol Joint torces 0f Mir aasimBenga Ahauddaula A Hach amo Ahah Alam I mughal1 Dane The Domes E«st Indi a Compony was

Om Dolish ColOhy Tra n uebas Wa e toabished on bouithein Corome nole! Coast of dio Sel le ment Bevom Pur Be ng ondl Tranntbor Tami I Nadu) old thei Bettdemeds to ha English in Ra 5 Prench Te Fhenh Fot Lndia company wad toYme by Colbert wroler Atade Patonage in 1664e Firat Fre nch fac tory wal tabli'sked at Sural Y Framcois Caron in 16b8 A actory at Maulpatanan was Set p in 169 French were dafaatrol by EngL'sh in Battle of wandi Wash (1760) - The Cay natic Waysanel its veswts- An instance of Anglo Fyonch Rivaly First (174 4R) The r ench Lekieg el Plads At St Thome batlle the Na Wab of camatic Amy was de faated by r en ch mlor Duflex. end The Fiv&t Carnatic War Came to n by the Trenty of Aix-La Chappe/]e th 1748 between LnyLA, AALttloment Wa eachod mo hench n the CaYnatic coakt The French ot and the Ei'sh JotE ack Madrs ix SecOSecond War (1749- 54) Duple a uJnaol With Muz aflar Jung (HYdorabod) amd chonola Sohib A ftir nstia Vic tonis rober clive emarfed Victorious Ln 1755 the econod Canalic War en ded with ths Treaty of Pondic herry 3Y thes treaty Nohammes ALBHa! de c larno the Na Wob Arcot co nt de hrd War 79- 63) French y Con Ptured Fort StDaviol coted andi pash Fremh wOre daf at Third CarnatIC War Ih763 thethe Se v2h years waY endool with the Treaty of parik Pon o Cherry A KaraiKa were veh to the Fre hc h ona Condi tioh that they Sholol not 4orti'fy tham Thus Anglo french Str gle Came to Un end in 1763 Battles et rlassey n Buxa : Battle o plasAeyL(175) Sirad the Compony8 HorCes ajcu ngt I757 anol Daulas amy oh June 23 do featad tem wth the helP df his conspirncy wrth . This proveol to be the fins6 to ward teritorial Suprematy emol Ste ue6 of Pave he wayWay for the ribish Con Bengal amol eventually the whole Coun t exauled The Na wab twas Captweo anol wab mol MiT Ta far Was ihsta jleol a the Na Be nga He Celeol zamíndari rizhts to Twen+ touT parJahas mo Jot R 16,7aa000 CompersatiohThis Was tha tirst Bnhzh ac)usition ot Zrdhar territory Batle uxar U7b 4) AE the instigatioh of Mir Gasim w ucc essor of MIT Zafai , ¥hus battle to ught y shuja - ud Da ula ef A Wadh md shah Alam I Muzha) eh one Side omol the Engu'sh forres by elive 0, Jesl On the othe Side live's forces were victorious res ultin in the Capt ure of Biha omol Bena Admintrative Re1ormby RobertCLive- Cive thtouC ed Certaan reyorms with a View to Improvin the admunitrati oh of ths Com Pony Ragardny Civl Services He asKe all Servant of the Com Pamy to take om Oath not ta ake bribe mo Present 2 Trandtervad JUnor Aervonl3 in Calleot h Seuor Bengol to Maclras Omd pevwant tYom theve Sat 3 Gta v2 mOno poly of trada in

, toba cco am betel nut to a Board of trmda The Profit ofths trode wa! to be distribu - ted amony the ervants ot tho company.Tho sche me howeVey w dropped in 176 The extra allo wamle of he mtary burdan officers haod Leccme a heavy fihoncial on the Company Clive relucel it.TE was decidod that Iotticers who remansol th Cntokmenty were to be iven Only allowahCes 22 0tH icers who went o wt of Canton mends but within the boundary of Benga Biha ond ori ALa were to be Paod allo w on te 3. otficers whd went beyanol tho bo unday 0t Behgal Omol oridsa for service ere giveh double allaw ance 7he otfices who Lwere orawing double allowanle So ar refuled accept thelo refoims But finally thay Yteldaod clive also startee a Chivesnd of Yupees five akhs the moey which tuo dnated hum by Mir Jafar at he desth -be Itt0 wa Pul ih rada md tha Profit was to be olstrihutad andng the Yetiring er Vants of the Comporn Wanre Hastingj(1772- 1785) Becamne Jovernor of Bengal in 172 Anol Cro veYnor - Greneral in 773 thvoug th the Reu lating Act Abolished Dual &Ystem of Admni Stration Wro ta the irse rooluctien, to irst Eng.L'shEng.Li'sh r translation otthe Caita by charles wilkins Foundedd the ASiatic Scciety of pergoa with willamn Joncs n 1784 Ke venue retorms Auctioncol the night to colle (ono Yevenue to the higlest bidder Divided Bengal ih touAtricts anmod aPPointed Collector mo other ye venue offcals Jndicial roforms8 S tortesl DiWanu md fauslariadalats atat the dutrict level om Sadar dawant Omot Nzmat aoalats (aPPe llato Couts) at Caleo utt a Racle tinee Hindu anol Musum laws A tanslatioh ot the Cada in Sansknt aPPeured 1776 mder the title of Cado of Grehtoo Laws Wars War 774) 1st Anglo War 77% -ea) 2 no Anglo -MyA ore War 7- B4) Tha Pitt Thdia Act of 17PA al faskd by the Btish Parliamert to put the Co mp ony' aas 1in Permannl Centolizlj Control/ ot the Brith Pariament CnwaL

or con wa lis twice heldthe hizh ost tn venor CencraHi rst tenue Aastel tvem I786 to 1793o Setonol tmo he Came to Tndia in 1f05. bu de bede he Coud do Omy Wonders cungcun Lond Con WaLis was ke it Enpbsh Noblemam to Ceme to india te ndefake he ofic Creheralomd a the GOVeTnor +irst ot parliamantary Gtovernar Lrenarm nd a Intraol utad a hcw Aystem Pemanct suttlkment ef the lend YevehuuL of Bengal Lorc CoTh wallus lntroded the Permanert e ttlement nin Bengal Banavas Bihar Carnotic md ona So the system wal a tolow Zamindai wa the eal gwner of he omd omd ePresentative of, the Groverment Pea somtS wi nowte hants of he Za mindaí The Zamuhdo was ike a bervanl to the GtoveTmeni He useol to keo 1 of ho evehue with hum tor Semng a afent of * Cevernme 7 ha had to pay to tke Govexnmet IhThussthe e vebue Stated Coming to tk Brtish Oh l0/1 Ytio 1e Pevmancnl 5ettlemeni ired the Tevenuc o thc Omd on a lo year basis Reforms in the est Tndaa Compamy Cnly uaufied paople euld entes into the eviCe tk Compony No recomme hdatioh toEnylond Wowld be fiven Weghtge tor appoi'ntmen ih he COmPan y 3 Bervice Te Privade rade of all 4ta Compy S2rVeni S was aboubheol ToP Posts we anly for Europeons Indioms Cuen veh oAts which wen louese uch a feons The re ve hu Collectors Wen derived of the Tudica geraterot Cvil service in Thddia. TuolicJwoliC ioiary Redoyms Crete2d rast fot stnctsttt. 7 Cout tees weR abolshed byy CoYn waus fes auyers were to prescribe their OrdinarY P2ople Could Sue the CommieesAE Gtovernment Pervevml Tndions) if hey mu sta lKes Inhuman Punushments uth as Ctting mbs Cutting nost ond e were abelikhe of Corn wallis,'. oJace Kefom t So ar poluce, Wa mdes Zamundors It was takeh a way om Zaminolars ond hanoled over to the upenint eholent of the Police atDistricE Level The Police Wa Europeon Zed Salary ond Jven The yore now Payd anest 4he Auspec4 w mi ted POwer to P er AOn MYSore Maralka War 1785 -1787 Third ANglo Mysore war1790 - defeat of Tipu ond the Treaty of Serinyopeutanam Dur rg the v2YCT CeneTa.sp Cr well eiey Int ro ductjon o! he Subidiary i i AnCe 719) ystem To exfmd Brk temtoe where by the Tuder ajnirg stal wa Compeld t_Ccelt PermphUl staticnrg of aBrit' torce wii has teriery 4 ay, ubbidy for ts mairtenante Some time a temto wos added in ieu ffaymail. First clamce Nzom ofdenba Myhae /ejore A codh de Pesh wa MyAnomo 4the A Yuls alo hod to aLlept a Brifish ident ey wen nst alloweto enpl Eurcpor withouz Brithapproval n heotitate Crthmy Tndian rder withovL Consulin he tovene eneral. T ubhi di ary allad Lost Sovere 7nty th prtena matters while the Brtish residlzrd interterd h Drternol admurkratjon thus the rulert Lost Condro aver their terbts Fourth Mykore war 1779) uas 4ouyht Thus was last MyAore War 7ipa utom , 4der ragainurg ost trengh Owt agan n hu am to aul"he British rom India wih the help ofNapolen om the Persia ng orol welsley vibuszin dorger soughf alLance wh tha Nizam omdomol hethe Mrathas omd defeate 7P uwtom th797 whe diad Valiantly 4ghting to the Brtish 2n Anglo Nartha a 1io3 - o5)Jedent o H Aindhia. eBhonsade ond tk Holka Traaty of Basle in 1802 Ango Mybore Relalions:4799) The Circ unstemcel which Led 10 e Fourth Myore uhr Com be mm qriZad as hd fo llow TiP u fan wWanted Ho a venge humiia ting daleal oml he term impasad On hum the British- He alko aimad al makiny Myb ore a Alrony State Tipu wked Continuouly to Sacure halp o izkt Briti64 Imfenalilm He took eorts to beek he hel 07the romtaAhabia. kabul omd Tukey He comesponded with the Revolutiohary Frenk Grover hment in Tuly 1798 At Arironya pattinsm O Tacobiam Clusclus wal Farted omd he ot the Franth Rop uhlic was hoiytod The tree ot ibrby was also planted Lato when Napoleon Cpmn to power 7ipu releived riena eteer trom Napoloon who wa in Faypt at that timc) It was at thu Juncdure thal Walesley yeachedl Calcwla with a minol ahendy i with Hear of Nepdeon Therefore he frepayeo a a war ainst Myhore AB a par ot his trategy.Melasley trie fo revive the 7riple ALemce I710 with the, Maratha.. Though hs Prapesl twal not accepted y the Marathal , hey romu8es to remau heutnl Howeves a ub Bidary AlG omce with he Nzam Cwa Conclded y e Bih md as a Conke juen Ce the frech torte a yderobed sas dishonded WeUesfe het out to Persuode TPu to a ccept Pact of ubsidary allionde omo Wro te Le tters relusting the Tiputo Jimhl the French relaive2 n Ehglsh eh Voy and t moke terms with the Company and i TPu pad Lonl Ttenlon t0 Welealey ttor thus he koturth Anglo - Myson Wab i Jtar1ad The war was Shor! omad deusive AB plamncd The Bombay army mder Crener Stnart in vocled My Bore 4romrom the wet. 7ke Modr army, whuch was leol by he Gtovernov Gtersral ' brother Ar-hus weLsley gorCeo 7Pu t rereat to hs Capital Sriramapattinm AHhoug bevere /y wo unode! he eught till h Cttaliomgapattinam a Curad Omo he himsLlf was Shotderd Mysore Atter he Wai wth he tall of TiPu Sulton thee ingdom of MyAore tell at heHha taat of wolsley He yebtored lindu ruye ad te Cextral an ofhe Kingdem A tve yea old boy. knkinaraja 1L desce holant of tho dethroned Hindu Was ehthfo ned a Mybore wch become Raya7h Ca pital almost after tuo humded Yeors punaiya the evious mun'ste7 , became Dinen The yemaininy Parls ot h Kingdom were divedco between the British omd the Nizem The Whole of Konara ynaa, Coimba tre Dharma pun nd Srongapa ttinan wen reaned by he Brtish whareas tha te Nizam wa ven the aress aromd Grooty md Tort of chuttoor and chitaldury districhA Bri b= Rsidert wa stationed al, Mygora 7iPus family was e to the fort off vellore