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Gender Perspectives in Kosovo's Foreign Affairs

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Gender Perspectives in Kosovo's Foreign Affairs Gender Perspectives in Kosovo’s Foreign Affairs Violeta Kurti Islami Date: 15 December, 2010 Submitted as a Capstone Project Report in partial fulfillment of a Master Science Degree in Professional Studies at the Rochester Institute of Technology Dedication To my daughter, my son and my husband to whom I love very much Something there is that doesn't love a wall, that sends the frozen-ground-swell under it, and spills the upper boulders in the sun, and makes gaps even two can pass abreast. The work of hunters is another thing: I have come after them and made repair… (Mending wall, Robert Frost ) Acknowledgements I wish to express sincere thanks to Professor Doctor Brian Bowen who has guided me throughout my capstone project. I would like to express my gratitude to USAID for awarding scholarship for my Master studies. I wish to extend my warmest thanks to my family, my brother, my sister and sister in law, for all their support and motivation; my sincere thanks to my colleagues, the AUK staff and to all those who have helped me with my work. During studies, my husband has been serving to the UN Mission in Haiti and currently he is assigned in Sudan. As Kosovo citizen who have faced the war and forced to leave houses, hereby I wish to extend my best wishes for a peaceful life to the Haitian and the Sudan people. Page 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Dedication and Acknowledgment ................................................................................................... 2 List of Figures and Tables ............................................................................................................... 5 Acronyms ....................................................................................................................................... .7 Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................ .9 1. Chapter One: Gender Equality and foreign affairs ............................................................. 11 1.1. Gender Equality perspective in Public Policies ..................................................................... 11 1.2. Kosovo Gender equality perspective in Public Policies and in Foreign affairs (2000/ 2008) .............................................................................................................................................. 13 1.3. Kosovo Country profile and Foreign affairs 2008 – 2010 .................................................... 15 1.4. Women Representation in Kosovo Foreign Affair ................................................................ 18 1.5. Appointments of the Diplomats …………………………………………………………19 1.6. Kosovo Women participation in Diplomacy: stereotypes and barriers ................................. 23 2. Chapter Two: Kosovo Women in Decision Making ............................................................. 28 2.1. Women participation in public Administration………………………………………… 28 3. Chapter Three: Kosovo mandates on Gender Equality ...................................................... 32 3.1. Parliament of Kosovo (PoK)……………………………………………………………… .. 32 3.2 The Committee on Human Rights, Gender Equality, Missing Persons and Petitions .. ……………………………………………………………………………………34 3.3. Agency of Gender Equality / Office of the Prime Minister ................................................... 35 3.4. Advisory Office on Good Governance, Human Rights, Equal Opportunities and Gender Equality functions within the Office Prime Minister’s ......................................................... 35 3.5. Inter-ministerial and Inter- municipality Committee of Gender Equality Officers ................ 35 3.6. Women Nongovernmental Organizations .............................................................................. 36 3.6. UNMIK Office of Gender Affairs .......................................................................................... 36 3.7. National Strategies for the Achievement Gender Equality .................................................... 36 3.8. The Kosovo Program for Gender KPGE ................................................................................ 38 4. Chapter Four: Legal Framework and Affirmative Actions ................................................ 40 4.1. Constitution of the Republic of Kosovo ................................................................................. 40 Page 3 4.2.Kosovo and Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) ...................................................................................................................................... 40 4.3 Kosovo and Millennium Development Goals ........................................................................ 41 4.4. Law on Gender Equality LGE ................................................................................................ 41 2 4.5. Affirmative Action to Increase Women Participation in Public and Politics ......................... 42 4.6. Women in Politics ................................................................................................................. 44 5. Chapter Five: International Experience - EU and US ......................................................... 46 5.1. EU Women and Foreign Affairs ............................................................................................. 46 5.2. History of Women in Diplomacy – Europe ............................................................................ 46 5.3. Em’s and External Service - Current Trends ......................................................................... 47 5.4. EU presence in Kosovo ......................................................................................................... 50 5.5. EU Gender Equality Mechanisms ......................................................................................... 52 5.6. Gender Equality in EU institutions and Candidate Countries ............................................... 56 5.7. Quotas in EU ......................................................................................................................... 59 5.8. US Women in Public Offices and Foreign Affairs ................................................................ 60 6. Chapter Six: Assessment of the Gender Equality in Kosovo .............................................. 64 6.1. Methodology .......................................................................................................................... 64 6.2. Survey Findings ..................................................................................................................... 68 7. Chapter Seven: Final Discussions and Recommendations .................................................. 79 7.1. Final Discussions .................................................................................................................... 79 7.2. Recommendations ................................................................................................................. 81 List of References ........................................................................................................................ 84 Appendices ................................................................................................................................... 86 Appendix 1: Unofficial List of ambassador nominees .................................................................. 86 Appendix 2: First EU women diplomats ....................................................................................... 87 Appendix 3: Gender distribution at Kosovo Parliament (third legislature period form 2007- 2011) ............................................................................................................................................. 89 Appendix 4: Questionnaire ............................................................................................................ 90 List of Figures /Tables Page 4 Figure 1.1: Friendly Talk/ Foreign Policy club. ........................................................................... 18 Figure 1.2: Competitors for ambassadors in Final stage/ Charge de Affairs appointed in the first round………………………………………………………………………………… …19 Figure 1.3: Men and Women representation in Diplomatic and Consular service ....................... 22 Figure 2.1: Gender Distribution in Central Government/Ministerial level 2010…………………………………………………………………………………………… 28 Figure 2.2 : Men and women in decision-making /central government (Non-political) position………………………………………………………………………………..29 Figure 2.3: Men and women ccupying managerial positions in central administration ................ 28 Figure 3.1: Names of the members of the First and Second Legislation in Kosovo Parliament Presidiums ..................................................................................................................................... 33 Figure 4.1: AGE /Office of the Prime Minister, Multimedia campaign “Only 40 per cent quota’.43 Figure 4.2: Women representation in 45 Political Presidiums in 2007 ........................................ 45 Figure 5.1: EU heads marking 10th anniversary of the UNSC Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace and Security in Kosovo ....................................................................................................... 51 Figure 5.2: The women of the 71st Congress ................................................................................ 61 Figure 6.1: The Online survey: Number of Collected
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