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POLICING REFORM in AFRICA Moving Towards a Rights-Based Approach in a Climate of Terrorism, Insurgency and Serious Violent Crime
POLICING REFORM IN AFRICA Moving towards a rights-based approach in a climate of terrorism, insurgency and serious violent crime Edited by Etannibi E.O. Alemika, Mutuma Ruteere & Simon Howell POLICING REFORM IN AFRICA Moving towards a rights-based approach in a climate of terrorism, insurgency and serious violent crime Edited by Etannibi E.O. Alemika, University of Jos, Nigeria Mutuma Ruteere, UN Special Rapporteur, Kenya Simon Howell, APCOF, South Africa Acknowledgements This publication is funded by the Ford Foundation, the United Nations Development Programme, and the Open Societies Foundation. The findings and conclusions do not necessarily reflect their positions or policies. Published by African Policing Civilian Oversight Forum (APCOF) Copyright © APCOF, April 2018 ISBN 978-1-928332-33-6 African Policing Civilian Oversight Forum (APCOF) Building 23b, Suite 16 The Waverley Business Park Wyecroft Road Mowbray, 7925 Cape Town, ZA Tel: +27 21 447 2415 Fax: +27 21 447 1691 Email: [email protected] Web: www.apcof.org.za Cover photo taken in Nyeri, Kenya © George Mulala/PictureNET Africa Contents Foreword iv About the editors v SECTION 1: OVERVIEW Chapter 1: Imperatives of and tensions within rights-based policing 3 Etannibi E. O. Alemika Chapter 2: The constraints of rights-based policing in Africa 14 Etannibi E.O. Alemika Chapter 3: Policing insurgency: Remembering apartheid 44 Elrena van der Spuy SECTION 2: COMMUNITY–POLICE NEXUS Chapter 4: Policing in the borderlands of Zimbabwe 63 Kudakwashe Chirambwi & Ronald Nare Chapter 5: Multiple counter-insurgency groups in north-eastern Nigeria 80 Benson Chinedu Olugbuo & Oluwole Samuel Ojewale SECTION 3: POLICING RESPONSES Chapter 6: Terrorism and rights protection in the Lake Chad basin 103 Amadou Koundy Chapter 7: Counter-terrorism and rights-based policing in East Africa 122 John Kamya Chapter 8: Boko Haram and rights-based policing in Cameroon 147 Polycarp Ngufor Forkum Chapter 9: Police organizational capacity and rights-based policing in Nigeria 163 Solomon E. -
UDBA! V Sloveniji - 1.Del Rojen Je Bil V Delavski Druţini V Ljubljani
KDO NAM PIJE NAŠO SRČNO KRI? KDO S KLADIVOM UNIČUJE SLOVENSKO PRVOBITNOST? KDO S SRPOM REŢE GLAVE TISTIM, KI NISO UJETI IN INDOKTRINIRANI V NJIHOV KALUP? KDO? KAJ JE SVOBODA? KDO VODI (JE VODIL) NAŠA ŢIVLJENJA… KDO KREIRA (JE KREIRAL) NAŠE USODE… UDBA! V Sloveniji - 1.del Rojen je bil v delavski druţini v Ljubljani. Leta 1926 se je kot 16 letnik včlanil v mladinsko organizacijo jugoslovanskih komunistov (SKOJ), dve leti kasneje je postal član Komunistične partije Jugoslavije (KPJ). Leta 1929 je končal učiteljišče, a učiteljske sluţbe ni nikoli nastopil. Zaradi aktivnega delovanja v prepovedani stranki KPJ je bil februarja 1930 v Beogradu aretiran in obsojen na dve leti ječe. Po izpustitvi iz zapora se je leta 1932 vrnil v Ljubljano, kjer so ga imenovali za člana novega Pokrajinskega komiteja KPJ za Slovenijo. Po tem, ko so nekateri starejši vodilni slovenski komunisti izstopili ali bili izločeni iz KPJ je Edvard Kardelj skupaj z Borisom Kidričem in Francem Leskoškom postal eden od članov novega vodstva slovenskih komunistov. Kardelj je propagiral boj proti kapitalizmu, imperializmu, parlamentarnim demokracijam in podpiral Stalinovo politiko in politični sistem Sovjetske zveze. Leta 1935 se je iz Ljubljane preselil v Sovjetsko zvezo. V Moskvi je delal za Kominterno in bil skupaj z Josipom Brozom Titom in Aleksandrom Rankovićem član NKVD. Po tem, ko je Stalin ukazal likvidacije vseh najpomembnejših članov Centralnega komiteja Komunistične Edvard Kardelj partije Jugoslavije (CK KPJ) kot so Filip Filipovič, Sima Markovič in Milan Gorkič so Kardelja oprostili vseh obtoţb. Stalin je Josipa Broza Tita imenoval za novega voditelja Prvi oče UDBE KPJ, člani novega vodstva so postali še Edvard Kardelj, Aleksandar Ranković, Milovan Đilas in Franc Leskošek. -
ISIS Maj 2001
UVODNIK Strategija – podlaga za merljive rezultate V zadnjih mesecih smo se v Zbornici največ ukvarjali s pripravo strategije delovanja Zbornice do leta 2004. Vedno bolj sem prepričan, da le projektni način delovanja zagotavlja preverljivo uresničevanje zastavljenih ciljev ob pogoju, da so cilji res pravilno izbrani. Najpomembnejši način identifikacije glavnih problemov slovenskega zdravništva in zobozdravništva je zagotovo neposredna komunikacija v najširšim krogu člans- tva. Zato sem, skupaj s člani izvršilnega odbora in skupščinskega sveta, tudi pred tokratnim zasedanjem skupščine obiskal vse zbornične regije. Glede na razprave s članstvom smo dopolnili besedilo strategije, pogovarjali pa smo se tudi o različnih perečih zadevah. Prav na podlagi razprav na sejah skupščinskega sveta in po regijah smo v strategijo zapisali dva najpomembnejša vsebinska cilja: okrepiti delovanje zdravništva v regijah ter pripraviti smernice za dobro sodelovanje med zdravniki primarnega, sekundarnega in terciarnega nivoja zdravstvenega varstva. Na zadnji aprilski seji izvršilnega odbora je bil tako za vsako točko ciljev strategije določen nosilec oziroma nosilci, ki morajo do konca maja pripraviti načrt delovanja za svoje področje. Na tem mestu ne želim povzemati dnevnega reda 37. seje skupščine, niti ne bom naštel vseh strateških ciljev, saj si celotno besedilo strategije lahko preberete v notranjosti revije. Poudariti želim, da so zasedanja skupš- čine Zdravniške zbornice Slovenije pripravljena zelo skrbno. Na dnevni red so uvrščene samo teme, o katerih razpravljata in jih potrdita tako izvršilni odbor kot skupščinski svet. Skupščinski svet sestavljajo predsednik in podpredsednik skupš- čine ter predsedniki vseh regij Zbornice, ki so bili neposredno izvoljeni na voli- tvah. Res je, da smo na dnevni red 37. skupščine Zbornice naknadno uvrstili toč- ko o stališču Zbornice do Zakona o spremembah in dopolnitvah zakona o zdrav- ljenju neplodnosti in oploditvi z biomedicinsko pomočjo (OBMP). -
Bottlenecks to Deployment! Police Capacity Building and Deployment in Africa
Bottlenecks to deployment! Police capacity building and deployment in Africa EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ■ What are the training approaches adopted by part- ners towards building African capacities? Changes in the nature of confl icts during the post-Cold War period led to changes in the nature of peacekeeping, To gain a balanced understanding of the answers to from being a tool in mediating inter-state confl icts to these questions, the study itself is contextualised within that of intra-state confl icts. Peacekeepers are no longer the spectrum of peacekeeping in its widest sense. deployed as an interposition force between warring Examination of the study questions is done using the states, but as part of broad eff orts in support of peace formats of training that directly or indirectly contribute implementation. Furthermore, rather than the purely to the deployment of trained police offi cers. Th e study traditional military deployments, modern peacekeep- establishes that in terms of deployment, the most ing deployments now involve considerable numbers signifi cant form of training is pre-deployment training of police offi cers (and civilians) in multidimensional that is targeted at police offi cers selected and earmarked missions. Against this backdrop, the Norwegian-funded for deployment by national police organisations. Th is is Training for Peace (TfP) Programme has been involved complemented by normal courses (trainers’ courses and in international and regional eff orts to provide training trainers’ clinics) that aim to prepare offi cers as trainers support for police capacity building, as well as civil- to assist in the national rollout of peacekeeping training. ian, for deployment to UN and AU missions in Africa Pre-deployment training is provided under bilateral and elsewhere. -
National Security Is a Sensitive Subject. a Country's Survival, Growth
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY National security is a sensitive subject. A country’s survival, growth and development depend on a well crafted and consciously implemented national security policy. By nature, national security implementation should always be at a competitive edge relative to internal and external security threats. As a result, the state cannot easily disclose or expose its national security policies and plans without sufficient cause. Zimbabwe’s national security implementation is guided and instructed by the Public Order and Security Act, the Official Secrets Act and the Access to Information and Protection of Privacy Act. These acts complement one another and are applied flexibly enough to suit the prevailing circumstances The Acts ensure that order, peace and stability prevail, and that the state’s secrets are protected from those who are not entitled to them. State secrets are the preserve of responsible authorities who implement them to control the variables that affect the survival, growth and development of the state. While the call for the right to access to information may sound cogent, it is important to note that it cannot be guaranteed that the information will not be used against the interests of the state and private individuals. In the Zimbabwean context, the phenomenon of the public demanding access to security information is not significant. The public is aware of the sensitivity of state secrets and security information, and it is not common to identify ordinary people craving for security information. Those who demand the information are political malcontents bent on finding a pretext for fomenting anarchy. Public order is maintained by the Zimbabwe Republic Police, and national defence is guaranteed by the Zimbabwe Defence Forces, but for effective protection of the nation, security information is the preserve of those entitled to access it and use it, and not just anybody who might use it against the interests of the state. -
MECHANISM for the REVIEW of IMPLEMENTATION Governmental
Please fill the form typed (not handwritten) and send it back in WORD format. This form can be downloaded at http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/treaties/CAC/IRG.html MECHANISM FOR THE REVIEW OF IMPLEMENTATION Name of Country: Governmental Expert DATE: INDIA 1. Family name(s) 2. First name(s) 3. Present nationality(ies) 4. Gender KUMAR SANTOSH INDIAN MALE 5. PRESENT POSITION From To Exact title of your post : Month/Year Month/Year Additional Director of Income Tax (Investigation), Unit-6, New Delhi 11/16 Till Date Name of employer : Income Tax Department, Ministry of Finance, Government of India BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF YOUR DUTIES (max. 1500 characters) My present duties include supervision and monitoring of investigation into large scale/serious tax evasion cases which include cases involving undisclosed foreign assets /income and undisclosed domestic assets/income, inter alia, using multi-layered complex structures. The multi-layered complex structures include combination of various types of entities such as companies, trusts, foundations, etc. established in multiple foreign jurisdictions or numerous layers of domestic shell/paper companies. Investigation of such cases involves use of various investigation and intelligence techniques, following the money/ found trail, extensive use of legal instruments for exchange of information with relevant foreign jurisdictions such as Double Taxation Avoidance Agreements (DTAAs), Tax information Exchange Agreements (TIEAs), Mutual Legal Assistance Treaties (MLATs)/Mutual legal Assistance in Criminal Matters, etc. Further, taking into consideration the emerging methods of doing business, record keeping and hiding electronic data/information, examination of digital evidence and digital forensic examination have become an extremely important aspect of such investigations. -
Univerza V Ljubljani Fakulteta Za Družbene Vede
UNIVERZA V LJUBLJANI FAKULTETA ZA DRUŽBENE VEDE Kaja Draksler Vloga Demosa pri osamosvojitvi Slovenije Diplomsko delo Ljubljana, 2010 UNIVERZA V LJUBLJANI FAKULTETA ZA DRUŽBENE VEDE Kaja Draksler Mentor: red. prof. dr. Janko Prunk Vloga Demosa pri osamosvojitvi Slovenije Diplomsko delo Ljubljana, 2010 Tebi in Vam. Vloga Demosa pri osamosvojitvi Slovenije Vloga Demosa je danes, pri kritičnem vrednotenju osamosvojitve, mnogokrat podcenjena. Demos je bil ključen akter demokratičnega prehajanja, vzpostavitve parlamentarne demokracije in osamosvojitve Republike Slovenije. Brez prispevka strank Demosa, navedeni procesi ne bi bili zaključeni v primerljivem času. Ključno vlogo pri nadgraditvi miselnega preboja v družbenega, so odigrali akademiki in kulturniki zbrani okrog Nove revije, aretacija četverice, znana pod imenom Afera JBTZ, pa je pustila ostro sled v narodu, ki ni dopuščala povratka. Formalizacija opozicije, z ustanavljanjem strank, je bila logična posledica stanja duha naroda. Ideje o večstrankarskem političnem sistemu, parlamentarni demokraciji in samostojni Republiki Sloveniji so bile skupne mnogim novonastalim strankam, ki so s povezavo v demokratično opozicijo Demos, idejam dale temelj za njihovo uresničitev. Ruptforma, ki smo ji bili priča dvajset let nazaj, je slovenskemu narodu prinesla lastno državo in dolgo želeno osvoboditev izpod tuje nadoblasti. Stranke Demosa so prevzele pobudo, demokratična oposzicija je bila nosilka sprememb, ki bodo v slovenski zgodovini vedno zapisane z zlatimi črkami. Ključne besede: Demos, demokratičen prehod, demokratični sistem, osamosvojitev, ruptforma. The role of Demos in gaining Slovenian independence The role of Demos is nowadays usually underestimated in critical valuing of the process of gaining Slovenian independence. Demos was playing the key role in the process of democratic transition, establishment of parliamentary democracy and gaining independence of the Republic of Slovenia. -
Criminal Background Check Procedures
Shaping the future of international education New Edition Criminal Background Check Procedures CIS in collaboration with other agencies has formed an International Task Force on Child Protection chaired by CIS Executive Director, Jane Larsson, in order to apply our collective resources, expertise, and partnerships to help international school communities address child protection challenges. Member Organisations of the Task Force: • Council of International Schools • Council of British International Schools • Academy of International School Heads • U.S. Department of State, Office of Overseas Schools • Association for the Advancement of International Education • International Schools Services • ECIS CIS is the leader in requiring police background check documentation for Educator and Leadership Candidates as part of the overall effort to ensure effective screening. Please obtain a current police background check from your current country of employment/residence as well as appropriate documentation from any previous country/countries in which you have worked. It is ultimately a school’s responsibility to ensure that they have appropriate police background documentation for their Educators and CIS is committed to supporting them in this endeavour. It is important to demonstrate a willingness and effort to meet the requirement and obtain all of the paperwork that is realistically possible. This document is the result of extensive research into governmental, law enforcement and embassy websites. We have tried to ensure where possible that the information has been obtained from official channels and to provide links to these sources. CIS requests your help in maintaining an accurate and useful resource; if you find any information to be incorrect or out of date, please contact us at: [email protected]. -
Executive Intelligence Review, Volume 17, Number 11, March 9, 1990
". " yf,. ••• .. 'II1 /f I, •••t . if 1 * , \ ' ,. "- ' .. ,.... " ""\ .. � 1'> ' " ,. ATOTA STRATE INST PEKING by Gen. Teng CH' ie � IIAII we need do is to understand how to make the most of . i our strengths to attack the enemy's weaknesses. Then we can snatch victory out of the jaws of defeat. The Chinese Communist Party is extremely weak, just like a paper tiger-one poke and you could pierce it through. All the masses on the maiAland are opposed to communism." -(5en. Teng Chieh This amazing little book by one @t tRe tQpyleaders of Taiwan' s Kuomintang partY, published by Chinese Flag Monthly in December 1988, charted the course fo! the Cn inese stuaents' revolution that erupted just a few m9nths later;. �reface by Lyndon H. LaRouche , Jr . .. Exclusive U.S. distributor: Ben Franklin Books�lIers - 27 South King St. Leesburg, VA 220�p (703) 777-3661 Founder and Contributing Editor: From the Editor Lindon H. LaRouche. Jr. Editor: Nora Hamerman Managing Editors: John Sigerson. Susan Welsh Assistant Managing Editor: Ronald Kokinda Editorial Board: Warren Hamerman. Melvin We focus attention this week on the condition and potentials of Klenetsky. Antony Papert. Gerald Rose. Allen the world economy, particularly in the many countries and regions Salisbury. Edward Spannaus. Nancy Spannaus. Webster Tarpley. William Wertz. Carol White. where the United States ought to behave itself as a friend and ally, Christopher White starting with southernAfrica, in our Feature, and touching elsewhere Science and Technology: Carol White Special Services: Richard Freeman upon Nepal, Pakistan, Argentina, Mexico, Nicaragua, Australia, Book Editor: Katherine Notley Panama, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia. -
Nedokončana Simfonija Naše Leve Tranzicije
Nedokončana simfonija naše leve tranzicije Žiga Šorli, 12.9.2013 V zgodnjih osemdesetih letih je pričelo primanjkovati idej tudi za nove eksperimente. To je postalo še posebej jasno na 12. kongresu jugoslovanske Partije leta 1982 – prvem brez Tita, na katerem so po mlačnih razpravah in kompromisih sklenili, da naj pokroviteljstvo nad »Kraigherjevim« dolgoročnim programom gospodarske stabilizacije prevzame jugoslovansko predsedstvo, saj Partija ni želela prevzemati odgovornosti v zvezi z vodenjem gospodarske politike. (Balažic 2004, 28-29) UVOD Nedavna dogajanja okrog reformnega programa so sprožila številna ugibanja glede same legitimnosti slovenske politike in njene upraviteljice: tranzicijske levice. Kdo stoji v ozadju tega kompleksa klientelističnega korporativnega kompleksa, je jasno že zadnjih 25 let. Enopartijski monopol se je spremenil v slednje, zaradi zgodovinskih opcij, katerih nosilka je bila Komunistična partija in zaradi svoje ekstravagantnosti, četudi brez meja. »Če bi bila partija navadna stranka, stranka med strankami, enakovredna med enakovrednimi, bi lahko poleg njene tehnike delovale tudi druge s ciljem: narodnoosvobodilno gibanje in zmaga. Ker pa je partija avantgarda in hoče to biti, jo sam njen princip žene v izpostavitev in razločitev od drugih. S principom avantgardnosti se torej razmerja postavijo na glavo.« (Hribar 1987, 75) Ker je bila Partija alternativa sami sebi, je zaradi njene nadaljnje naloge pri vzpostavljanju demokracije v Sloveniji prišlo do takih nepravilnosti. V tem članku bomo predstavili vse ključne veje naše izvršne in zakonodajne oblasti ter njihovo sestavo in zastopanost tekom let s strani strank, ki so gradile zgodovinski proces demokratizacije postkomunistične Slovenije. Uporabili bomo tudi statistična orodja pri izračunavanju frekvenc koalicijskih strank. Pri tem bomo črpali podatke iz spletne strani Wikipedije. -
F.No. 22S/53/2020Fit A.II Government of India Ministry of Finance Department of Revenue Central Board of Direct Taxes \ >T" New Delhi, the
F.No. 22S/53/2020fIT A.II Government of India Ministry of Finance Department of Revenue Central Board of Direct Taxes \ >t" New Delhi, the ... ~....... July, 2020 The Central Board of Direct taxes, in exercise of powers conferred under section 138( 1)(a) of Income-tax Act, 1961 (,Act' ), hereby directs that Principal Director General of Income-tax (Systems), New Delhi shall be the specified income-tax authority for furnishing and receiving of information to/from the following agencies/bodies through NATGRID Platform: 1. Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) 2. Directorate of Revenue Intelligence (DR1) J. Enforcement Directorate (ED) 4. Central Board of Indirect Taxes & Customs (CBIC) 5. Cabinet Secretariat (CS) 6. Intelligence Bureau (IB) 7. Directorate General ofGST (Intelligence) (DGGI) 8. Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB) 9. Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU-Ind) 10. National Investigation Agency (NIA) 2. The information to be furnished shall be: 1. PAN Details 2. TAN Details 3. Bank Account Details for PAN and FY 4. Return Summary information for PAN and FY (as per MOU) 5. TDS Summary Information for PAN and FY (as per MOU) 6. Any other information as mutually agreed While furnishing the information, the specified income-tax authority shall form an opinion that sharing of such infonnation is necessary for the purposes of enabling the above mentioned agencies/bodies to perform its functions under their respective laws. 3. To facilitate the process offurnishing and receiving information, Principal Director General of Income tax (Systems) would enter into a Memorandum of Understanding ('MoU') with NA TGRID which inter alia would include the mode of transfer of data, maintenance of confidentiality, mechanism for safe preservation of data, weeding out after usage etc. -
Female Staff Associations in the Security Sector: Agents of Change?”
Inventory of Female Staff Associations Reviewed for the Occasional Paper “Female Staff Associations in the Security Sector: Agents of Change?” Geneva, August, 2011 Inventory of Female Staff Associations Reviewed for the Occasional Paper “Female Staff Associations in the Security Sector: Agents of Change?” Geneva, August 2011 This document is a companion to the DCAF Occasional Paper “Female Staff Associations in the Security Sector: Agents of Change?“ and provides additional background information on all the associations referenced in the paper. About the author Ruth Montgomery is a Canadian policing and criminal justice consultant. She has over 30 years of experience leading police, justice and public safety development and education initiatives nationally and internationally. Ruth retired as a Superintendent from the Edmonton Police Service after 27 years of service and established a consulting firm. She has directed policing and public safety policy and process development initiatives, conducted applied research, and has designed, developed and facilitated educational programmes. Many of her efforts have focused on leadership and management development, and on improving services and support for women. Editor: Kathrin Quesada, Gender and Security Project Coordinator, DCAF Copyright © 2011 by the Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces Cover images (from left to right): Japanese junior officers from the Japanese Maritime Self-Defence Force (JMSDF) during a wreath ceremony at the National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific in Honolulu, Hawaii on June 9, 2010 © Sgt. Cohen A. Young; Seaman Writer Kim-Jade Martin from HMAS Tobruk meets a Papua New Guinean boy at a small coastal villiage in Rabaul during Pacific Partnership September 8, 2010 © Australian Department of Defence; Royal Air Force (RAF) and Fleet Air Arm personnel parade of RAF Cottesmore in Rutland March 31, 2011 © Cpl Fran McKay.