Elsevier Global Energy Policy and Economics Series
European Energy Industry Business Strategies
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Elsevier Titles of Related Interest MIDm European Electricity Systems in Transition ISBN: 008-042994-7 WANG China's Oil Industry and Market ISBN: 008-043005-8
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European Energy Industry Business Strategies
Edited by ATLE MIDTTUN
2001 ELSEVIER
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First edition 2001.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Midttun, Atle, 1952 - European Energy Industry Business Strategies - (Elsevier global energy policy and economics series) 1. Energy industries - European Unlon countries 2. Energy industries - Government policy - European Un~oncountries
3. Energy industr~es- Deregulation - European Un~oncountries I. T~tle 333 7'9'094 ISBN 0-08-043631-5 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Midttun, Atle, 1952- European Energy [ndustry Business Strategies / Atle Midttun. p. cm. - (Elservier global energy policy and economics series) ISBN 0-08-043631-5 (hardcover)
1. Electric industries - Europe. 2. Electric industries - Deregulation - Europe. 3. Deregulat~on- Europe. I. Title. 11. Series HD9697.A3 E856 2001 333 793'2'094-dc21 00-064681 CIP
ISBN: 0 08 043631 5 @ The paper used in this publication meets the requirements of ANSI/NISO 2.39.48-1992 (Permanence of Paper). Printed in The Netherlands. Contents
Preface vii About the Contributors ix
Introduction XV I. Perspectives on Commercial Positioning in the Deregulated European Electricity Markets Atle Midttun 11. Nordic Business Strategies Atle Midttun, Joar Handeland, Jan Terje Henriksen, Augusto R. Micola and Terje Omland 111. Corporate Strategies in the British Electricity Supply Industry Steve Thomas IV. Dutch Business Strategies Under Regime Transition Maarten J. Arentsen, Jan Willem Fabius and Rolf W. Kiinneke V. Corporate Strategies in the German Electricity Supply Industry: From Alliance Capitalism to Diversification Lutz Mez VI. Change and Sustainability in the French Power System: New Business Strategies and Interests versus the New Relaxed Status Quo Lionel Cauret VII. Business Strategies Evolving in Response to Regulatory Changes in the US Electric Power Industry John L. Jurewitz VIII. New Strategies for Power Companies in Brazil Mauricio Tiommo Tolmasquim, lost Claudio Linhares Pires and Luis Pinguelli Rosa IX. Strategic Development and Regulatory Challenges in West-European Electricity Markets Atle Midttun, Jan Terje Henrikserr arzd Augusto R. Micola Subject lndex This Page Intentionally Left Blank vii
Preface
This book on business strategies in the energy industry is a follow up of a publication entitled European Electricity Systems in Transition *. After studying the de-regulation process at the national and European level, the next logical step was to take a closer look at the business strategies that have developed in the new liberalising markets. Like the previous, this book is also based on national case studies, un- dertaken by energy specialists in each country. It is our hope that this joint effort has served to pinpoint core strategic issues facing the electric- ity and energy industry today. However, we have also wished to focus on some of the major challenges facing national regulators and decision- makers in the wake of strategic moves by energy industry. We are grateful to the Norwegian Research Council for funding the Nordic studies as well as supporting the publication of this book.
* Published by Elsevier Science, 1997, ISBN 0-08-042994-7
vii This Page Intentionally Left Blank ix
About the Contributors
Jan Willem FABIUS graduated in 1969 from the Leiden University in the Netherlands with a Masters Degree in Law and a Bachelors Degree in Information Technology. Mr Fabius hold positions for more than 20 years as managing director of a German Gas Trading Corporation (PAM Gas GmbH, 1977-1985)) and a Dutch Utility (EDON nv, 1985-1997). From 1997 on Mr Fabius is managing partner of “European Energy Consult” in the Netherlands. European Energy Consult advises foreign companies about the Dutch energy sector. His research focuses on the emerging lib- eralisation of the gas and electricity market in the Netherlands and in Europe, such as strategic positioning, business development, new prod- ucts and services and power trade.
Jan Terje HENRIKSEN works as research assistant at the Norwegian School of Management, BI. In addition, he is currently writing a Thesis for the completion of his MSc in Energy Management at the same insti- tution. He has also carried out studies at the Energy and Resources Group of the University of California at Berkeley and holds a Bachelor degree in Mechanical Engineering from the Oslo College of Engineering, speciali- zation in Offshore Engineering Design.
Jose Claudio Linhares PIRES holds a Ph-D in Economics from the IE- UFRJ (Institute of Economics of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro) with a focus on the restructuring and regulation of energy and telecom- munications industries. He is consultant of the United Nations Develop- ment Program (UNDP) in the Brazilian National Development Bank (BNDES) where he has been producing several papers about the regula- tion and restructuring of infrastructure sectors in Brazil. He is also the author of many articles and book chapters about these topics.
Professor Luiz Pinguelli ROSA is a Full Professor and presently the Di- rector of the Graduate School of Engineering (COPPE), of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ). He teaches and conducts researches
ix x European Energy Industry Business Strategies at the Energy Planning Program in the field of energy and the environ- ment and the efficient use of energy. He has a Ph.D. in Physics and de- veloped studies in Physics of Nuclear Reactor, Theoretical Physics, Energy and Technology. Has more than 150 articles, book chapters and reports published in Brazilian and international publications, has oriented more than 50 thesis of students in M.Sc. and D.Sc. Is a Member of the Brazil- ian Society of Physics, Brazilian Society to the Progress of Science, Latin- American Society of Energetic Planning. Has been invited to participate as a conferencist by institutions as UNU, PUGWASH, OLADE, IAEA, ENEA, IFN, AFA. Has participating as representant of the Brazilian Government to the UNIDO events about IPCC.
Rolf W. KÜNNEKE is associate professor in the ‘Economics of Infrastruc- tures’ program of Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands. His research interests are in the fields of the economic organization of liber- alizing gas and electricity markets, network economics and industrial organization.
Atle MIDTTUN is Professor at the Norwegian School of Management and Co-director of its Centre for Energy and the Environment. He is currently a visiting professor at the University of Michigan. He holds a PhD from Uppsala University (Sweden) and a Magister Artium from the University of Oslo (Norway). His research focuses on energy and Envi- ronmental Policy issues especially their regulatory and industrial organi- sation aspects. He has been the editor of a number of books, including Approaches and Dilemmas of Economic Regulation (forthcoming), Eu- ropean Electricity Systems in Transition (published by Elsevier Science) and The Politics of Energy Forecasting. He is also the author of an ex- tensive collection of journal articles on these topics.
Augusto Rupérez MICOLA works as researcher at the Centre for Energy and the Environment of the Norwegian School of Management. He holds a MSc in Energy Management and Economics from the Norwegian School of Management, plus a Master and a Bachelor, both in Business Administration and Economics from the Barcelona University (Spain). He has also pursued studies in Political Science and Economics at Uppsala University (Sweden).
Lionel CAURET holds a Ph-D in Economics from the CIRED (Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales and CNRS), with a focus on the power systems and the demand side management. He has also been a research engineer at the Centre d’Energétique / Ecole des Mines de Paris for five years. Presently, his main activities as a project manager at Contributors xi
INESTENE concern the analysis of power and gas markets world-wide face to the liberalisation, the strategies of utilities and ESCOs, the mod- elling of load curves, the technical and economical assessment of energy saving potentials and the environmental impacts.
Joar HANDELAND is Master of Business and Administration from the Nor- wegian School of Management (NSM). He worked for some three years as a researcher at the Centre for Energy and Environment at NSM focussing on structural changes and strategic developments in the Nordic energy sec- tor. He is currently working as a Strategy Consultant with Andersen Con- sulting in Oslo, where he works within the Energy and Finance sectors.
John JUREWITZ is Director of Regulatory Policy for the Southern Cali- fornia Edison Company, the local California distribution subsidiary of Edison International. Mr Jurewitz holds a Bachelors Degree in Econom- ics from the University of San Francisco and a Masters and Doctoral Degree in Economics from the University of Wisconsin, Madison. Before joining Edison in 1978, Mr Jurewitz taught as an assistant professor of Economics at Williams College and Pomona College. Mr Jurewitz is an expert in electric utility regulation and has testified extensively on a wide variety of topics before the California Public Utilities Commission, the California Energy Commission, the California State Legislature, and the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. He has also addressed numer- ous state regulatory bodies within the U.S. as well as internationally re- garding electric industry restructuring. Mr Jurewitz continues to teach courses in Energy Policy, and Environmental and Natural Resource Eco- nomics at Pomona College and the Claremont Graduate University.
Terje OMLAND work as a researcher at the Centre of Energy and Environ- ment at Norwegian School of Management. He has a Master of Business and Economics from Norwegian School of Management, with specialisation in information technology. He works now several projects related to structural changes and strategic developments in the Nordic energy sector
Steve THOMAS holds a BSc (Chemistry, Bristol) 1971. He is currently a Senior Fellow, Energy Programme, SPRU, University of Sussex. Steve Thomas works on issues of public policy related to energy. His main focus is the UK and Western Europe, but he also worked extensively on Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union, Brazil, Mexico and South Africa. His main current research interests include: