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Europe's Deadly Century Cover.Qxd:Layout 1 11/05/09 10:38 Pagina 1 Europe’S Deadly Century Europe's Deadly Century cover.Qxd:Layout 1 11/05/09 10:38 Pagina 1 Europe’s Deadly n the course of Europe’s twentieth century, freedoms were Iwon at the cost of terrible sacrifice. The physical remains of Europe’s Deadly Century war, conflict and ideological struggle lie everywhere around us. Century The question of what to do with this common past, in which we all share an interest, lies at the centre of this important book. Perspectives on 20th century conflict heritage Edited by Neil Forbes, Robin Page and Guillermo Pérez From a variety of professional backgrounds, the contributors consider a wide range of conflict-heritage sites in the context of Edited international and national histories and regional and local historical narratives. Questions of who ‘owns’ the past, the by ambiguities over how people identify with the local community Neil or nation state, and whether or how to make moral judgements, are central. The book illustrates the challenges of documenting Fo and describing what are often extensive, contested and rbes, sometimes enigmatic and ambiguous buildings and monuments. Robin The priorities of conservation, and how we ensure that documents, artefacts, sites and buildings can be given adequate Page and appropriate protection and care, are also addressed. and This book will be of interest to a wide range of professional Guillermo practitioners, academics and policy-makers, as well as the general reader, and will open the way to a deeper understanding of the significance of Europe’s conflict heritage. Pére z EDC Prelims:Cave Art -Prelims(Final) 11/05/09 09:51 Pagina i Europe’s Deadly Century Perspectives on 20th century conflict heritage EDC Prelims:Cave Art -Prelims(Final) 11/05/09 09:51 Pagina iii Europe’s Deadly Century Perspectives on 20th century conflict heritage Edited by Neil Forbes, Robin Page and Guillermo Pérez The editors gratefully acknowledge the support provided under the EU Commission’s Culture 2000 programme. The Partners in the Landscapes of War project are: • Regione Calabria, Italy, lead partner • CoNISMa, National Inter-University Consortium for Marine Sciences, Rome, Italy. • Federación Valenciana de Municipos y Provincias (FVMP), Valencia, Spain • Consell Valencià de Cultura, Valencia, Spain. • Centre de Conservation du Livre, Arles, France • English Heritage, Swindon, Great Britain • Coventry University, Coventry, Great Britain • Hansestadt Rostock, Rostock, Germany • Bluimage productions, Catanzaro/Rome, Italy EDC Prelims:Cave Art -Prelims(Final) 12/05/09 12:01 Pagina iv Published by English Heritage, Kemble Drive, Swindon SN2 2GZ www.english-heritage.org.uk English Heritage is the Government’s statutory adviser on all aspects of the historic environment. © 2009 the individual authors. First published 2009 ISBN 978-1-84802-039-9 Product code 51483 British Library Cataloguing in Publication data A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any informa- tion storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Application for the reproduction of English Heritage images should be made to the National Monuments Record. Every effort has been made to trace the copyright hold- ers and we apologise in advance for any unintentional omissions, which we would be pleased to correct in any subsequent edition of this book. The National Monuments Record is the public archive of English Heritage. For more information, contact NMR Enquiry and Research Services, National Monuments Record Centre, Kemble Drive, Swindon SN2 2GZ; telephone (01793) 414600. Brought to publication by Robin Taylor, Publishing, English Heritage. Typeset in Charter 9.5pt Edited by Janet Hadley Page layout by Simon Borrough Printed in Belgium by DeckersSnoeck. Front cover Carabanchel Prison, Madrid © Alfredo González-Ruibal EDC Prelims:Cave Art -Prelims(Final) 11/05/09 09:51 Pagina v CONTENTS About the contributors . vi Contested pasts and community archaeologies: public About the editors . ix engagement in the archaeology of modern conflict Acknowledgements. ix by Gabriel Moshenska . 73 Introduction . 1 Memorialising war: the narratives of two European cities, Coventry and Dresden by Andrew Rigby . 80 1 Methods of investigation: textual, visual, The enigma of place: reading the values of Bletchley Park material by Jeremy Lake and Fleur Hutchings. 87 Understanding a literary site of remembrance: Témoins, by Jean Norton Cru by Benjamin Gilles . 6 3 Public archaeology, public history: case studies ‘Cood bay Forst Zinna’: Film, art and archaeology in conservation and management by Angus Boulton . 12 Interpretation as a means of preservation policy or: Whose Recording landscapes of war by Wayne D Cocroft . 18 heritage is the Berlin Wall? by Axel Klausmeier . 97 Seascapes of war: investigating with marine geophysics The memorial landscape at Peenemünde by Christian by Alessandra Savini and Monica Petrillo. 27 Mühldorfer-Vogt . 106 Landscapes of occupation: a case study from the Channel . The making, breaking and rebuilding of 20th century Islands by Gillian Carr. 35 Coventry by Chris Patrick . 114 Recovery of Spanish Civil War sites in the Valencia Region: Public access to Second World War British heritage in From methodological research to the creation of tourist Malta by Joseph Magro Conti . 123 routes by José Ramón Valero Escandell. 44 Orford Ness – A landscape in conflict? by Angus Wainwright. 134 The archaeology of the Battle of the Atlantic Conservation of First World War landscapes: A landscape by Dave Parham . 54 architecture perspective by Harlind Libbrecht, Joris Strange meetings: archaeology on the Western Front Verbeken, Sylvie Van Damme, Geert Baert. 143 by Martin Brown . 59 Afterword by Santiago Grisolía, President of Consell Valencià 2 Defining values and significance: memory, de Cultura . 150 commemoration and contested landscapes Topography of terror or cultural heritage? The monuments Glossary. 151 of Franco’s Spain by Alfredo González-Ruibal . 65 EDC Prelims:Cave Art -Prelims(Final) 11/05/09 09:51 Pagina vi ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTORS Geert Baert Geert Baert is Assistant Professor at the Univer has specialised in the investigation of modern military sity College of Ghent, where he is teaching soil science, sites and is the author of Dangerous energy: The archaeol- GIS and landscape genesis; he is involved in research on ogy of gunpowder and military explosives manufacture and soil fertility and on soil-landscape relationships in tem- co-author of Cold War: Building for nuclear confrontation perate, semi-arid and humid tropical countries. He 1946–1989, and many articles on these topics. In this graduated at the University of Ghent in earth sciences in field his particular interests are munitions production, 1979 and soil science in 1981. military research and development sites, and the archae- Contact: [email protected] ology of rocketry. Contact: [email protected] Angus Boulton Angus Boulton is a visual artist working in photography and film. The DG Bank Kunststipendium of Benjamin Gilles Benjamin Gilles is currently Director of the 1998/99, and subsequent residency in Berlin, created an university library of Saint-Charles in Marseilles (Univer- opportunity to turn his attention towards aspects of the sity of Provence). He works with the Centre de Cold War and begin investigating the European legacy of Conservation du Livre/ Centre Interrégional de Conser- the Soviet military. Until 2008 he was engaged in an vation on the digitisation of the Norton Cru collection. He AHRC [Arts and Humanities Research Council] research is preparing a thesis in the Ecole des Hautes Etudes en fellowship at Manchester Metropolitan University. The Sciences Sociales, supervised by Professor Stéphane photographic series and films arising from various Audoin-Rouzeau. He works on the genesis of Norton projects have been exhibited internationally. Cru’s book, Témoins. Contact at: www.angusboulton.net Contact: [email protected] Martin Brown Martin is Archaeological Adviser to Defence Fleur Hutchings Fleur Hutchings completed her architec- Estates, acting as an internal consultant and both advis- ture degree in Sydney, Australia and worked for Norman ing and supporting the management, preservation, Foster in Hong Kong and London. She joined the World recording and understanding of the estate’s cultural her- Heritage Studies programme at BTU Cottbus where she itage. Before joining Defence Estates he worked as an received her Master of Arts with a thesis on the Cultural archaeological fieldworker and as a curator. He is a Significance of Bletchley Park. founder member of No-Man’s-Land, the European Group for Great War Archaeology and is co-director of the Axel Klausmeier Axel Klausmeier is Director of the Plugstreet Project, which is exploring conflict landscapes recently established Berlin Wall Foundation. He was for- in the UK and Belgium. merly an Assistant Professor at Brandenburg University of Technology, Cottbus, Germany. He has been involved Gillian Carr Gillian Carr is Lecturer in Archaeology at the in the documentation and listing of historic cultural land- Institute of Continuing Education at the University of scapes for many years. Since April 2007, he has been Cambridge. Although her background is in the British working for the research project, ‘The Berlin Wall as Sym- Iron
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