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Comparison of Air Traffic Management-Related 2015 Operational Performance: U.S./Europe Produced by: EUROCONTROL on behalf of the European Union FAA Air Traffic Organization System Operations Services August 2016 COPYRIGHT NOTICE AND DISCLAIMER Every possible effort was made to ensure that the information and analysis contained in this document are as accurate and complete as possible. Should you find any errors or inconsistencies we would be grateful if you could bring them to our attention. The document may be copied in whole or in part providing that the copyright notice and disclaimer are included. The information contained in this document may not be modified without prior written permission from the Air Traffic Organization System Operations Services or the European Commission. The views expressed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views or policy of the FAA, the European Commission or EUROCONTROL, which make no warranty, either implied or express, for the information contained in this document, neither do they assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness or usefulness of this information. © Air Traffic Organization System Operations Services (FAA) © European Commission © European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL) This document is a joint publication of the Air Traffic Organization System Operations Services of the FAA and EUROCONTROL on behalf of the European Union in the interest of the exchange of information. It is prepared in application of Annex 2 of the Memorandum of Cooperation NAT-I-9406 signed between the United States of America and the European Union on 12 February 2013 and managed by a joint European Commission-FAA Performance Analysis Review Committee (PARC). The report builds on the body of work developed since 2009 between the FAA and EUROCONTROL. The objective is to make a factual high-level comparison of Air Traffic Management performance between the US and Europe. It is based on a set of comparable performance indicators, developed jointly and reviewed year after year, creating a sound basis for factual comparisons between countries and world regions. The specific key performance indicators (KPIs) are based on best practices from both the Air Traffic Organization System Operations Services and the performance scheme of the Single European Sky initiative. Maurizio Castelletti David Chin PARC Co-Chair, European Commission PARC Co-Chair, US, FAA 2015 Comparison of ATM-related performance: U.S. – Europe August 2016 ABSTRACT This report is the 5th in a series of joint ATM operational performance comparisons between the US and Europe. It represents the 2nd edition under the Memorandum of Cooperation between the United States and the European Union. Building on established operational key performance indicators, the goal of the joint study conducted by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and EUROCONTROL on behalf of the European Union is to understand differences between the two ATM systems in order to further optimise ATM performance and to identify best practices for the benefit of the overall air transport system. The analysis is based on a comparable set of data and harmonised assessment techniques for developing reference conditions for assessing ATM performance. Produced by EUROCONTROL on behalf of the European Union and the Federal Aviation Administration Air Traffic Organization System Operations Services Federal Aviation Administration Performance Analysis Office Air Traffic Organization 800 Independence Ave., S.W. System Operations Services Washington, DC 20591 Tel: 202-267-2768 E-mail: [email protected] European Commission Directorate General for Mobility and Transport Directorate E - Aviation and international transport affairs Unit E2 - Single European Sky Tel. +32 2 299 1915 E-mail: [email protected] EUROCONTROL Performance Review Unit 96 Rue de la Fusée, B-1130 Brussels, Belgium Tel: +32 2 729 3956 E-mail: [email protected] TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS .............................................................................................................. 3 LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................................... 4 LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................................................... 5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................... 7 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 10 1.1 Background and objectives ............................................................................................ 10 1.2 Report Scope .................................................................................................................. 10 1.3 Data Sources ................................................................................................................... 11 1.4 European and FAA Performance Reporting ................................................................... 13 1.5 Organisation of this report ............................................................................................. 15 2. COMPARISON OF AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT (ATM) IN THE US AND EUROPE .............. 16 2.1 Organisation of ATM ...................................................................................................... 16 2.2 Airspace management (ASM) and design ...................................................................... 16 2.3 Air traffic flow management (ATFM) and air traffic control (ATC) ................................ 18 2.3.1 ATFM and ATC Facility organization ........................................................................................ 18 2.3.2 Demand Capacity balancing (DCB) .......................................................................................... 20 3. EXTERNAL FACTORS AFFECTING KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS ................................. 21 3.1 Traffic characteristics in the US and in Europe .............................................................. 21 3.1.1 Air traffic growth ..................................................................................................................... 22 3.1.2 Air traffic density ..................................................................................................................... 23 3.1.3 Average flight length ............................................................................................................... 24 3.1.4 Seasonality .............................................................................................................................. 25 3.1.5 Traffic mix ................................................................................................................................ 26 3.2 Airport operations and changes in airport capacity ...................................................... 27 3.2.1 Airport layout and operations at the main 34 airports ........................................................... 28 3.2.2 Declared capacity and peak throughput ................................................................................. 31 3.2.3 Capacity variation at US airports ............................................................................................ 33 3.3 Impact of Weather Conditions on airport operations ................................................... 35 3.3.1 Measuring weather conditions ................................................................................................ 35 3.3.2 Weather-related airport ATFM delays at the main 34 airports ............................................... 38 4. COMPARISON OF AIRLINE-RELATED OPERATIONAL SERVICE QUALITY ........................... 40 4.1 On-time performance .................................................................................................... 40 4.2 Airline scheduling ........................................................................................................... 43 4.3 Drivers of air transport performance – as reported by airlines ..................................... 44 4.4 Variability by phase of flight........................................................................................... 47 5. COMPARISON OF ATM-RELATED OPERATIONAL SERVICE QUALITY ................................ 50 5.1 Approach to comparing ATM-related service quality .................................................... 50 5.2 ATM-related efficiency by phase of flight ...................................................................... 52 5.2.1 ATM-Related Departure restrictions (ground holding) ............................................................ 52 5.2.2 ATM-related Taxi-out efficiency .............................................................................................. 55 5.2.3 En-route flight efficiency ......................................................................................................... 58 5.2.4 Flight efficiency within the last 100 NM .................................................................................. 64 5.2.5 Taxi-in efficiency ...................................................................................................................... 68 5.3 Summary of main results & Estimated benefit pool actionable by ATM ....................... 69 5.3.1 Estimated benefit pool actionable by ATM ............................................................................
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