Automotive Handbook

Second Edition

List of Chapters:

1. Introduction 7.5 Criteria in the Rule-Making Process 1.1 Reference 7.5.1 Head Protection 7.5.2 Chest Protection 2. Defi nitions 7.5.3 Neck Injury 2.1 References 7.5.4 Performance Criteria for the Rule- Making Process 3. Driving Forces for Increased 7.5.4.1 Chest Vehicle Safety 7.5.4.2 Pelvic 3.1 References 7.5.4.3 Leg and Knee 7.5.4.4 Protection 4. Safety Legislation 7.6 Test Devices 4.1 Reference 7.6.1 Body Part Test Devices 7.6.1.1 Head Impact 5. Accident Data 7.6.1.2 Torso Impact 5.1 References 7.6.1.3 Pedestrian Accident Simulation Tests 6. Accident Avoidance 7.6.2 Three-Dimensional Dummies 6.1 Human Factors 7.6.2.1 Frontal/Rear Collision 6.2 Comfort and Ergonomics and Rollover 6.3 Acceleration and Braking 7.6.2.2 Lateral Impact 6.3.1 Adaptive (ACC) 7.6.2.3 Child Dummies 6.3.2 7.6.2.4 Rear Impact Dummy 6.3.3 -by-Wire (Bio-RID) 6.3.4 Vehicle Dynamics 7.6.2.5 Bio delity Dummy 6.4 Information Systems 7.6.3 Human and Dummy Modeling 6.5 References 7.7 References

7. Biomechanics and Occupant Simulation 8. Vehicle Body 7.1 De nition 8.1 General 7.2 Injury Tolerance Limits 8.2 Low-Speed Impact 7.3 External Injuries 8.3 Vehicle Body Test Without the Simulation of 7.4 Internal Injuries Occupants 7.4.1 Concussion 8.3.1 Quasi-Static Test Requirement 7.4.2 Spinal Injuries 8.3.1.1 Seat and Seat-Belt 7.4.3 Chest Injuries Anchorage Point Tests 8.3.1.2 Roof Strength 8.3.1.3 Vehicle Side Structure 8.4 References Handbook, Second Edition

9. Dynamic Vehicle Simulation Tests 11.2 Lateral Collisions 9.1 Frontal Collisions 11.2.1 Theoretical Analysis for Lateral 9.1.1 Pole Test Collisions 9.1.2 Frontal Car-to-Car Crash 11.2.2 Side Systems 9.1.3 Design Requirements of Frontal 11.2.2.1 Thorax Side Collisions 11.2.2.2 Side Head Protection 9.2 Lateral Collisions Airbags 9.3 Rear-End Collisions 11.3 Rear-End Collisions 9.4 Rollover 11.4 Rollover Protection 9.5 References 11.5 Special Requirements and Opportunities for Sensor Applications 10. Occupant Protection 11.6 General Literature 10.1 Vehicle Compartment 11.7 References 10.2 Restraint Systems 10.2.1 Seat Belts 12. Pedestrian Protection 10.2.2 Airbags 12.1 General 10.2.2.1 Airbags for Frontal 12.2 European NCAP-Test Impacts 12.3 Legislation Activities 10.2.2.2 Side Protection by 12.4 Technical Solutions for Vehicles in Airbags Accidents 10.2.2.3 Additional Airbag 12.5 References Applications 10.2.2.4 Sensors for Restraint 13. Compatibility Systems 13.1 Theoretical Analysis 10.3 Child Restraints 13.2 Research Analysis Proposals, Consumer 10.4 References Information, and Legal Requirements 13.3 Conclusions 11. Interrelationships Among Occupant, 13.4 References Restraint System, and Vehicle in Accidents 11.1 Frontal Impacts 14. Computer Support for the Development of 11.1.1 The Unrestrained Occupant Safety Components 11.1.2 The Three-Point Belt 14.1 The Basics 11.1.2.1 The Seat-Belt Clamping 14.2 Description of the Numeric Tools Device Above 14.3 Calculation of Components the Retractor 14.4 Total Vehicle Crash Computation 11.1.2.2 The Mechanical 14.5 Occupant and Restraint System Simulation Pretensioner 14.6 Pedestrian Simulation Tests 11.1.2.3 The Pyrotechnic 14.7 Summary Pretensioner 14.8 References 11.1.2.4 The Seat-Belt Load Limiter Index 11.1.3 Passive Restraints 11.1.4 The Airbag System About the Authors 11.1.5 Comparison of Test Results for Different Restraint Systems