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En Bauta I Norsk Geologi Foto: Jan Mangerud Jan Mangerud Foto EN BAUTA I NORSK GEOLOGI Foto: Jan Mangerud Jan Mangerud Foto: Bjørn G. Andersen ved bysten av professor Olaf Holtedahl i vestibylen ved Institutt for geofag på Blindern. Det var Holtedahl som tidlig på 1950-tallet satte Andersen på en forskerkarriere. 36 GEO Oktober 2011 GEOPROFILEN DEt vItEnskApElIGE gjennombruDDEt kom AllErEDE I 1954, I En AlDEr A v 30 år, MEn HAn HAr HOlD t stAnD lAnGt FOrbi OppnåDD pEnsJOnsAlDEr og vAr nylIG MEDFOrfattEr på trE ArtIklEr I prEstIsjetunGE sciencE og nAturE. To EttErlEnGtEDE BøkEr rikt illustrert, bl.a. med Bjørns håndtegnede TEKST: Jan Mangerud, professor emeritus, Universitetet i Bergen Men Bjørn har rukket mye mer siden han ble og meget illustrative karter. 70 år og offisiell pensjonist. Og det til tross Den siste var meget velkommen i det for at norges Forskningsråd av prinsipielle norske fagmiljøet. Det er jo ikke mye litte- Han har rukket å bli 87 år gammel. like fullt grunner ikke vil bevilge penger til forskning ratur tilgjengelig for interesserte amatører har han en imponerende rekke med viten- når denne statusen oppnås. I stedet har han – eller nye studenter for den del. skapelige publikasjoner å vise til i senere år. nytt godt av amerikanske forskningspenger selv om han gjennom de siste 20 årene har Mange yngre forskere ville nok vært mektig i samarbeidet med George Denton. lagt ned det vi må kunne kalle et fullt livs- Foto: Jan Mangerud Jan Mangerud Foto: stolte om de hadde prestert på det nivået I 1990-årene arbeidet Bjørn i det sørlige verk, så har Bjørn likevel gjort det meste av som professor emeritus Bjørn G. Andersen chile, og han ser med ube- forsk ningen sin før han ble pensjo- fortsatt gjør. tinget glede tilbake på et nist. karrieren startet, – De tre artiklene i nature og science fantastisk område med slik som for mange bygger på materiale fra lang tids forskning fjorder og innsjøer som andre geologer, med på new Zealand i et prosjekt ledet av den i norge. Også her gjorde interesse for friluftsliv. amerikanske professor George Denton, Bjørn kartleggingen ved forteller Bjørn da jeg besøker ham hjemme hjelp av flyfoto fra sin ungdommelIG i Asker utenfor Oslo. base her hjemme. åtte år nysgjerrighet – I flere måneder hvert eneste år har jeg med feltarbeid om som- Friluftsinteressen arvet sittet over flyfoto og kartlagt morener og meren på den sørlige han fra foreldrene. Faren andre glasiale elementer. I tillegg har jeg halvkule tok det å fullføre var gartner og hadde fram til 2008 vært på feltarbeid i ni sesonger arbeidet. derfor bil, noe som var der nede. under siste istid nådde sjelden på den tiden. Med I de to artiklene i nature i 2010 viser fors- breene i chile bare så denne dro de på skiturer k­­­erne at breene på new Zealand gikk fram vidt ut til kysten. Derfor om vinteren og fisketurer i det som hos oss var den milde allerød- ligger det en serie med om sommeren. perioden (14 000 til 12 800 år siden), mens morener på land. De – Da jeg var ung likte de trakk seg tilbake i vår kalde yngre dryas eldste stammer fra siste istids maksimum jeg å gå lange skiturer i (12 800 til 11 500 år siden). konklusjonene er for ca. 20.000 år siden. Breene hadde til dels fjellene innenfor stavanger. Jeg krysset da trukket med basis i flere hundre dateringer, rykket fram over brede skogsområder. Derfor flere ganger trollgaren, denne forunderlige så kronologien er eksepsjonelt god. kunne morenene dateres med tømmer- morenen som passer så godt til sitt navn. Her er Bjørn nær sin ”ungdoms kjærlig- stokker som isen hadde tatt med seg på sin Jeg lurte på hvordan den var blitt til, og den het”: Både under hovedfag og doktorgrads- vandring vestover. lokale bonden mente at det virkelig var troll arbeidet arbeidet han med morener avsatt i Den samme forskergruppen som job - som hadde satt opp det buktende gjerdet av yngre dryas. bet i chile gjorde også feltarbeid innerst svære steinblokker, langt over tregrensen. – på new Zealand har vi slått fast at i scoresbysund på Grønland i 2005. En Bjørn glemte ikke trollgaren, og tenkte at breenes framrykking og tilbaketrekking var rik amerikaner med egen båt betalte, og han en gang måtte finne ut hvordan den var i motsatt fase av her i nord. Altså, mens Bjørn fikk fly med helikopter til morener dannet. breene hos oss vokste i yngre dryas, og bl.a. på de mest utilgjengelig steder, foruten å Eksamen artium ble avlagt i 1944. Deretter avsatte raet rundt Oslofjorden, så trakk de få fantas tiske ”sightseeingturer” over Inn- bar det nesten direkte til studier ved på seg tilbake på den sørlige halvkule. Derved landsisen. Igjen var formålet å feltsikre fly- universitetet. Ja, en kunne si ”universitetet” har vi endelig løst et problem som har vært fototolkninger, samt ta prøver for datering. den gangen, for da var det bare ett i norge, diskutert gjennom flere årtier. to bøker har den aktive forskeren også gitt i Oslo. Bjørn forteller videre at flere store artikler ut siden han ble pensjonist. I 1994 kom en planen var å bli lektor i skolen, og han fra dette prosjektet er på vei. Dertil vil internasjonal lærebok, ”the Ice Age World”, tok derfor Gymnastikkhøyskolen i tillegg til new Zealands geologiske undersøkelse med den amerikanske professoren Harold matematikk, kjemi og fysisk geografi. under (Gns science) utgi en serie karter med alle Borns som medforfatter. så i 2000 ga han ut hovedoppgaven ”Om isens tilbaketrekking i observasjonene hans. ”Istider i norge”, en populærbok om istidene området mellom lysefjorden og Jøsenfjorden og kvartære avsetninger. Begge bøkene er i ryfylke”, under veiledning av professor GEO Oktober 2011 37 Han samlet en masse fossiler og ga disse til paleontologisk Museum på tøyen. Det førte blant annet til at professor Gunnar Hennings- Foto: Jan Mangerud Jan Mangerud Foto: moen fant en ny trilobittart som ble oppkalt etter Bjørn (Ptychparia anderseni). Bjørn antok at feltet var avgrenset av normalforkastninger, men de senere års forskning viser at vi har å gjøre med et mete- orittkrater (se GEO 05/2011, side 70; se også geofunn.no), og det han kalte konglomerat er en breksje. Men det var altså han som først fant og identifiserte innfyllingen i krateret. studieoppHOlD vED YalE Holtedahl holdt sitt løfte om amerikastipend, og fra 1954 til1956 var Bjørn research Fellow ved yale, og stipendet var så stort at han fikk med både kona Astrid og sønnen. – Dette var en stor opplevelse, både faglig og menneskelig, sier Bjørn i ettertid. yale er ikke bare et berømt universitet, Bjørn har lagt ut en del av sine arbeidskarter fra new Zealand på sitt arbeidsrom hjemme i Asker. Her viser han men på den tiden var richard Foster Flint frem hesteskoen av morener rundt en innsjø. professor der. Han var en av tidens fremste kvartær geologer, og hans lærebøker var helt Werner Werenskiold, fant han blant annet var skrevet på norsk, og noen år før c-14 ene rådende i mange tiår. Bjørn fulgte under- ut at trollgaren var en endemorene, og at dateringer ble tilgjengelige, et u-unnværlig visningen, og Flint var åpenbart svært fornøyd den var dannet tidlig i holosen, antagelig for hjelpemiddel i dag. likevel er dette en av de med sin norske gjest og ga ham meget god omtrent 11 000 år siden. slik fikk han tilfreds- mest grunnleggende artikler i norsk glasial- behandling. stilt sin ungdoms nysgjerrighet. geologi. – Flint var ellers kjent som en tøff lærer Han tok embetseksamen i 1951 og fikk 1,0 Han rekonstruerte yngre dryas-breen i lyse- som stilte store krav til studentene sine, og på hovedoppgaven. Det var den beste karak- fjorden tredimensjonalt og sammenlignet han var slettes ikke bare populær, minnes teren som kunne gis – en karakter han for den med dagens breer på Grønland. videre Bjørn. øvrig også fikk i skriftlig til eksamen mate- brukte han de høyeste sidemorenene til å Den første sommeren fikk den unge geo- matikk, noe som bare ytterst få oppnådde. bestemme likevektslinjen på paleo-breene logen reise rundt til feltpartier i hele usA, og og fant senkningen av likevektslinjen i forhold neste sommer ledet han sitt eget feltparti FAnGEt Opp Av HOltedahl til dagens breer. Derved kunne han estimere for us Geological survey (usGs) i talkeetna- Den nyuteksaminerte lektoren gikk med sine senkningen av sommertemperaturen, og han fjellene i Alaska. Disse to årene ga Bjørn eksamenspapirer til skolekontoret i Oslo for å fant at dette stemte godt med hva botanike- en oversikt over kvartærgeologien i nord- undersøke mulighetene for jobb. Der fikk han ren knut Fægri hadde funnet ut om yngre Amerika og dertil perspektiver på globale beskjed om at med slike karakterer burde dryas på Jæren. problemstillinger. Det er viktig og spen- han heller forsøke forskerveien. Metodene og tenkemåtene han innførte i nende å finne den geologiske historie for – Da hadde jeg allerede snakket med denne artikkelen er fremdeles fundamentale vårt eget land, men geologien har jo ingen professor Olaf Holtedahl som på den tiden i mange arbeider, men jeg tror ikke at inter- landegrenser. Ikke minst har paleoklima- arbeidet med bøkene om norges geologi, nettgenerasjonen vet hvor de har metodene tolkninger gjort kvartærgeologien til en forteller Bjørn. fra, og jeg er nesten sikker på at mange som global vitenskap. Holtedahl trengte hjelp til kvartærgeo- bruker dem ikke har lest Bjørns artikkel fra – Jeg fikk også en rekke gode faglige logien og tilbød Bjørn jobb som vitenskape- 1954. kontakter som ble svært nyttige senere i lig assistent. Dette var en stipendiatstilling Jo da, vi gjør dette mer sofistikert i dag, karrieren. med betydelig arbeidsplikt i tillegg til egen men hele tenkningen ligger i Bjørns artikkel, forsk ning.
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