Indian Railways Facts & Figures 2016-17

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INDIAN RAILWAYS

FACTS & FIGURES 2016-17

BHARAT SARKAR GOVERNMENT OF INDIA RAIL MANTRALAYA MINISTRY OF RAILWAYS (RAILWAY BOARD)

KEY STATISTICS 2016-17 1. Route Length (Kms.) - Broad Gauge (1.676 M.) 61,680 - Metre Gauge (1.000 M.) 3,479 - Narrow Gauge 2,209 (0.762 M. and 0.610 M.) Total 67,368 2. Double and Multiple Track - Broad Gauge 22,021 (Route Kms.) - Metre Gauge - Total 22,021 3. Electrified Track (Route Kms.) - Broad Gauge 25,367 - Metre Gauge - Total 25,367 4. Number of Railway Stations 7,349 5. Number of Railway Bridges 1,44,698 6. Traffic Volume Passengers Originating (Millions) 8,116 Passenger Kms. 1,149,835 Tonnes Originating (Rev. Traffic) (Millions Tonnes) 1,106.15 Tonne Kms. (Millions) 620,175 7. Number of Employees (Thousands) 1308 8. Revenue (` in Millions) 1,65,292.20 9. Expenses (` in Millions) 1,59,029.61 10. Rolling Stock - Locomotives: - Steam 39 - Diesel 6,023 - Electric 5,399 Total 11,461 - Passenger Carriages 64,223 - Freight Cars/Wagons 2,77,987 Note : All the figures, unless otherwise stated, are as at the end of the fiscal year i.e. March 31, 2017. CONTENTS Review of the year 5 Originating Passengers & Average Lead 6 Passenger Kilometres 7 Passenger Services 8 Passenger Revenue 9 Freight Operations — Originating Tonnage 10 — Net Tonne Kms. 11 — Freight Train & Wagon Kms. 12 — Commodity wise Loading 13 — Commodity wise NTKms. 14 — Average Lead 15 — Revenue 16 — Commodity wise Earnings 17 Rolling Stock — Locomotives 18 — Passenger Coaches 19 — Freight Cars/Wagons 20 Track/Route Kilometres 21 Gross Tonne Kilometres 22 Electrification 23 Signalling 24 Telecommunication 25 Personnel 26 Revenue 27 Expenses 28 Net Revenue & Excess/Shortfall 29 Assets 30 Asset Utilisation 31 Engine Kms. per Day per Engine in use 32 Social Service Obligation 33 Tourism 34 Technology Development 39 International Cooperation 44 REVIEW OF THE YEAR 2016-17 In 2016-17 Indian Railways (IR) lifted 1,110.95 million tonnes of total freight, the bulk comprising revenue-earning traffic of 1,106.15 million tonnes (excluding Konkan Railway). The transport output in terms of Net Tonne Kilometres (NTKms.) was 621 billion. 8,116 million ‘originating’ passengers generated 1,150 billion passenger kms. Earnings from passenger traffic was `462.80 billion and from freight `1,020.28 billion. The year ended with an excess of ` 49.13 billion in spite of increased working expenses and payment of Productivity Linked Bonus to employees. Construction of 953 kms. of new lines was completed and 2,487 kms. of track renewals carried out. Also, 1,020 kms. of track was converted from NG/MG to BG and opened to traffic. IR made good progress in indigenous manufacture of rolling stock and other vital stores during 2016-17. The production of locos/coaches in 2016-17 was: Production Unit Product Details Electric locos Diesel locos Coaches (BG) (BG) 1. Chittaranjan Locomotive Works, Chittaranjan 292 2. Diesel Locomotive Works, Varanasi 334 3. Integral Coach Factory, Chennai 2,215 4. Rail Coach Factory, Kapurthala 1,489 5. Modern Coach Factory Raebareli 576 Electrification of 2,013 route kms. was completed in 2016-17. 5 ORIGINATING PASSENGERS & AVERAGE LEAD The number of passengers originating and average distance travelled per passenger for some selected years are given below: Passengers originating (Millions) Year Suburban Non- Suburban Total 1980-81 2,000 1,613 3,613 1990-91 2,259 1,599 3,858 2000-01 2,861 1,972 4,833 2010-11 4,061 3,590 7,651 2015-16 4,459 3,648 8,107 2016-17 4,566 3,550 8,116

average distance travelled per passenger (Kms.)

Year Suburban Non- Suburban Total 1980-81 20.5 103.9 57.7 1990-91 26.4 147.6 76.6 2000-01 31.1 186.7 94.6 2010-11 33.8 234.4 127.9 2015-16 32.6 273.5 141.0 2016-17 31.8 283.0 141.7

6 passenger kilometres In 2016-17 the passenger kms. rose by 451% over those in 1980-81.

Passenger KMS. (Millions) Year Suburban Non- Total Suburban 1980-81 41,086 167,472 208,558 1990-91 59,578 236,066 295,644 2000-01 88,872 368,150 457,022 2010-11 137,127 841,381 978,508 2015-16 145,253 997,786 1,143,039 2016-17 145,417 100,418 1,149,835

7 passenger services Passenger services measured in terms of train Kms., vehicle Kms. and density of train services are shown below: Suburban Non-Suburban Train kms. per (Millions) (Millions) running track km. per day Year Train Vehicle Train Vehicle Sub- Non- Kms. Kms. Kms. Kms. urban suburban 1980-81 35.55 601.5 258 5,582 36.6 9.7 1990-91 48.37 840.7 316 7,739 40.0 11.5 2000-01 56.04 1,029.5 397 11,035 47.1 13.8 2010-11 73.25 1,438.5 582 18,207 46.7 19.2 2015-16 86.39* 1,970 684 23,356* 50.0 21.6 2016-17 87.30 2,002 700 24,274 50.6 21.5 *revised

Food being served in Gatimaan Express by IRCTC

8 passenger revenue Passenger revenue has been steadily increasing, though it formed only about 28% of the total earnings of the Railways in 2016-17. Passenger revenue (` in millions) Year Suburban Non- Suburban Total 1980-81 905.2 7,369.5 8,274.7 1990-91 3,569.8 27,877.4 31,447.2 2000-01 10,911.4 93,920.2 104,831.6 2010-11 17,862.8 239,193.6 257,056.4 2015-16 25,752.2 417,080.4 442,832.6 2016-17 26,894.4 435,910.2 462,804.6

9 freight operation 1. originating tonnage The Revenue-earning originating tonnage rose from 195.9 million tonnes in 1980-81 to 1,106.15 million tonnes in 2016-17 while the total originating freight rose from 220 million tonnes to 1,110.95 million tonnes during the same period. (Million tonnes) Originating tonnage Year Revenue-earning Total traffic* traffic 1980-81 195.9 220.0 1990-91 318.4 341.4 2000-01 473.5 504.2 2010-11 921.73 926.43 2015-16 1,101.51 1,108.62 2016-17 1,106.15 1,110.95 * Excludes loading of Konkan Railway.

10 2. net tonne kms. The freight carried in terms of Net Tonne Kms. has increased by 292% over that carried in 1980-81. Net Tonne Kms. (Millions) Year Revenue-earning Total traffic traffic 1980-81 147,652 158,474 1990-91 235,785 242,699 2000-01 312,371 315,516 2010-11 625,723 626,473 2015-16 654,481 655,605 2016-17 620,175 620,858

11 3. FREIGHT TRAIN & WAGON KMS. The freight train kms. in 2016-17 totalled 391 millions, an average of 11.4 train kms. per running track km. per day. Wagon kms. were 18,403 millions, of which 64.0% were on loaded journeys.

Freight train kms. wagon kms. Year Total Per running + Total Percentage (Millions) track km. (Millions) of loaded per day to total 1980-81 199 7.2 12,165 69.5 1990-91 245 8.5 19,230 65.5 2000-01 261 8.7 27,654 60.9 2010-11 368 11.6 17,749 66.5 2015-16 393 11.69 18,708 64.0 2016-17 391 11.4 18,403 64.0 @ from 2010-11 onward figure in the terms of 8 wheels

Loading at Kakinada Port Vijayawada Division SCR

12 4. commodity-wise loading The commodity-wise break-up of revenue-earning originating traffic is given below:

COMMODITY-wise originating tonnage (Millions)

Bulk 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 Commodities Coal 508.06 545.81 551.83 532.83 Iron Ores 124.27 112.77 116.94 137.55 Cement 109.80 109.80 105.35 103.21 Mineral Oils 41.16 41.09 43.24 42.42 Foodgrains 55.10 55.47 45.73 44.86 Fertilisers 44.70 47.41 52.23 48.34 Iron & Steel 38.95 42.84 44.79 52.41 Limestone & 23.53 25.53 Dolomite 20.71 21.20 Stones other 15.04 11.09 than marble (incl. gypsum) 11.61 14.98 Total 954.36 991.37 998.68 998.24 Commodities 102.83 107.91 other than above 97.28 103.89 Grand Total 1,051.64 1,095.26 1,101.51 1,106.15

13 5. commodity-wise NTKms. The commodity-wise break-up of NTKms. is given below:

COMMODITY-wise NTKms. (Billions)

Bulk 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 Commodities Coal 271.92 301.52 280.70 249.62 Iron Ores 37.22 36.74 32.42 39.74 Cement 60.50 59.08 55.96 54.60 Mineral Oils 29.74 27.22 29.32 28.52 Foodgrains 70.54 66.98 60.13 57.81 Fertilisers 34.50 38.75 43.70 39.22 Iron & Steel 34.95 37.38 40.44 44.03 Limestone & Dolomite 12.20 12.96 13.06 12.91 Stones other than marble (incl.gypsum) 5.79 7.89 7.42 3.65 Total 557.36 588.53 563.15 530.10 Commodities other than above 108.45 93.17 91.33 90.08 Grand Total 665.81 681.70 654.48 620.18

14 6. average lead The average lead in kms. of revenue-earning freight traffic over the years was as below:

Year Average lead of revenue- Index earning freight traffic (1980-81=100) (Kms.) 1980-81 754 100.0 1990-91 741 98.3 2000-01 660 87.5 2010-11 679 90.1 2015-16 594 78.8 2016-17 561 74.4

15 7. Revenue The revenue earned from freight traffic has registered a sustained increase from `15,509 millions in 1980-81 to `1,020,278 millions in 2016-17.

Year Revenue* Revenue per tonne km. (` in millions) (Paise) 1980-81 15,509 10.50 1990-91 82,470 35.00 2000-01 230,454 73.78 2010-11 606,871 96.99 2012-13* 834,788 128.50 2015-16 1,069,406 163.40 2016-17 1,020,278 164.51 * Excludes other goods earnings like wharfage, demurrage etc.

16 8. Commodity-wise earnings Revenue earned from various commodities is given below:

Commodity-Wise Revenue Earnings (` in millions)

Bulk 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 Commodities Coal 391,444 479,385 493,497 452,286 Iron Ores 76,887 78,929 68,963 81,759 Cement 85,074 87,382 88,515 86,299 Mineral Oils 53,440 55,157 59,270 56,863 Foodgrains 79,975 81,383 77,543 75,058 Fertilisers 41,252 51,521 65,534 55,613 lron & Steel 55,969 65,444 71,823 76,722 Limestone & 22,552 21,457 Dolomite 18,601 21,781 Stones other than marble (incl.gypsum) 8,499 12,172 12,928 10,900 Total 811,141 933,144 960,625 916,958 Commodities other than above 104,568 97,858 108,781 103,320 Grand Total 915,709 1,031,002 1,069,406 1,020,278

17 Rolling Stock Locomotives With increasing reliance on dieselisation and electrification, IR has been reducing its fleet of steam locomotives. Number of locomotives Broad Gauge Metre Gauge Total (including NG) Year Steam Diesel Elec. Steam Diesel Elec. Steam Diesel Elec. 1980-81 4,361 1,866 1,016 2,763 470 20 7,469 2,403 1,036 1990-91 1,295 2,893 1,723 1,482 731 20 2,915 3,759 1,743 2000-01 – 3,881 2,791 33 657 19 54 4,702 2,810 2010-11 – 4,688 4,033 30 310 – 43 5,137 4,033 2015-16 – 5,585 5,214 26 172 – 39 5,869 5,214 2016-17 – 5,757 5,399 26 147 – 39 6,023 5,399 * revised

18 Passenger Coaches The number of coaches and their capacity has grown over the years keeping in view the increasing passenger demand. Emu Conventional Other Coaches# Coaches Coaching Year No. Capacity+ No.@ Capacity Vehicles$ 1980-81 2,625 5,00,607 27,478 16,95,127 8,230 1990-91 3,142 6,09,042 28,701 18,64,136 6,668 2000-01 4,526 8,59,701 33,258 23,72,729 4,731 2010-11 7,292 13,64,948 45,082 32,54,555 6,500 2015-16 8,805* 15,78,868* 53,171* 37,94,954* 6,704* 2016-17 9,125 16,46,880 53,483 39,37,039 6,714 + Includes standing accommodation. @ Includes rail cars. $ Includes luggage vans, mail vans etc. # Includes number of DEMU/DHMU coaches and their capacity. * revised

Demu Train passing through Tea garden in Assam

19 Freight Cars/wagons The total number of freight cars including brake vans and railway service wagons in 2016-17 was 277,987. No. of freight cars/wagons Year Broad Gauge Metre Gauge Total (incl. N.G.) 1980-81 309,1940 86,8390 400,9460 1990-91 284,3620 58,5760 346,1020 2000-01 205,9590 15,2940 222,1930 2010-11 225,2590 4,5380 229,9970 2015-16 248,725* 2,449* 251,295* 2016-17 275,8070 2,0630 277,9870 * revised

20 Track/route Kilometres The total route kilometres as on 31.3.2017 was 67,368 Kms. Out of this, 32.69% is double/multiple track.

Total route kilometres Year BG MG NG Total 1980-81 31,827 25,167 4,246 61,240 1990-91 34,880 23,419 4,068 62,367 2000-01 44,776 14,987 3,265 63,028 2010-11 55,188 6,809 2,463 64,460 2015-16 60,510 3,880 2,297 66,687 2016-17 61,680 3,479 2,209 67,368

Double/multiple track % of Total Route Kms. Route Kms. 1980-81 13,040 21.3 1990-91 14,331 23.0 2000-01 16,010 25.4 2010-11 19,223 29.82 2015-16 21,237 31.85 2016-17 22,021 32.69

21 Gross tonne kilometres Percentage of gross tonne kms. by types of traction, is given below:

Passenger

Year Steam Diesel Electric Loco EMU 1980-81 41.2 33.0 17.2 8.6 1990-91 15.1 47.1 29.5 8.3 2000-01 – 52.8 40.2 7.0 2010-11 _ 49.3 44.9 5.8 2015-16 – 48.3* 44.3* 7.4* 2016-17 – 46.3 46.3 7.4

* revised

Freight Year Steam Diesel Electric 1980-81 9.0 67.0 24.0 1990-91 0.8 57.8 41.4 2000-01 – 40.2 59.8 2010-11 _ 35.7 64.3 2015-16 _ 34.9 65.1 2016-17 _ 35.5 64.5

22 Electrification The length of electrified route Kms. on IR for some selected years is: Year Total Route Route Kms. % age of Kms. electrified electrified to total route kms. 1980-81 61,240 5,345 8.73 1990-91 62,367 9,968 15.98 2000-01 63,028 14,856 23.57 2010-11 64,460 19,607 30.41 2015-16 66,687 23,555 35.32 2016-17 67,368 25,367 37.65 Note: Data based on Annual Statistical Statement No. 8

23 Signalling To increase Efficiency and to enhance Safety in train operations, Advanced Signalling System with Route Relay/Panel/Electronic Interlocking (PI/RRI/EI) along with Multi Aspect Colour Light Signals have been progressively provided at 5,584 stations about 88% of Broad Gauge stations of Indian Railways, replacing Outdated Multi Cabin Mechanical Signalling system involving a large number of human interfaces. Comparative position of each item as on March 31, 2017 vis-à-vis last year is as follows: (in units) As on As on Installation 31.3.2016 31.3.2017 Panel Interlocking (No. of stations) 4,107 4,155

Electronic Interlocking (No. of stations) 1,005 1,148

Route Relay Interlocking (No. of stations) 281 281

LED Lit Signals (No. of stations) 5,732 5,917

Data Loggers (No. of stations) 5,587 5,758

Colour Light Signalling (No. of stations) 5,832 6,000 Last Vehicle Check by Axle Counters 4,640 4,976 (No. of Block Sections) Track Circuiting (No. of locations) 31,737 33,054

Automatic Block Signalling (Route kilometres) 2,752 2,866 Intermediate Block Signalling 489 501 (No. of Block Sections) Interlocked Level Crossings Gates (Nos.) 10,776 10,826

24 Telecommunication IR has a vast telecom network which is being continuously upgraded to cater to the requirements of voice and data traffic for administrative/ operational /safety purposes and for various on-line information systems. Reliability of the network is being enhanced by commissioning optical fibre cable and quad cable based communication systems. The progress of installation of telecom equipment on IR is given below: Important Telecom assets are tabulated below:-

As on As on Installation Units 31.03.2016 31.03.2017 Optical Fibre Cable Rkms 49,434 51,247 Quad Cable Rkms 58,980 60,458 Railway Telephone Subscribers Lines Nos. 3,95,816 3,95,816 No. of Control Sections provided with Dual Tone 322 322 Nos. Multiple Frequency (DTMF) control equipment Mobile Train Radio communication System (Route kms.):- GSM (R) based Rkms 2,461 2,461 TETRA based Rkms 53 53 Digital Microwave (7 GHz) Rkms 1,852 1,812 Public Address System Nos. of 4,780 4,893 STNs Train Display Boards Nos. of 1,090 1,090 STNs Coach Guidance System Nos. of 534 566 STNs VHF Sets 5 Watt sets (Hand held) Nos. 1,45,947 1,44,040 25 Watt sets (At Stations) Nos. 9,461 9,425 V-SAT Nos. 1,147 881 Railnet Connections Nos. 1,30,185 1,30,185 UTS/PRS Circuits Nos. 10,760 10,839 FOIS Circuits Nos. 2,209 2,219 NGN & Exchange Circuits Nos. 2,429 2,536

25 Personnel The strength of railway employees together with the cost is shown below:

Year No. of staff Wage bill Average Traffic (000) (` in annual wage unit per millions) (`) per employee employee# (ooo)@ 1980-81 1,572.2 13,1670 8,4350 2440 1990-91 1,651.8 51,6630 31,8640 3460 2000-01 1,545.3 188,4140 121,2810 5350 2010-11 1,332.0 517,7660 394,1120 1,2910 2015-16 1,330.3* 930,012* 715,726* 1,443* 2015-16 1,308.3 1,152,7130 883,4950 1,4440

# On the basis of average number of staff employed in the year. @ Traffic unit represents passenger kilometres and net tonne kilometres (Taking into account open line staff only). * revised

26 Revenue IR revenues have steadily gone up and were ` 1,652,922.0 millions in 2016-17 recording an increase of 0.6% over the previous year. Revenue (` in millions) Year Passenger Parcels Freight Misc. Suspense Gross and other (Bills Traffic Coaching Receivable) Receipts

1980-81 8,274.7 1,157.1 16,175.2 820.8 (–)187.6 26,240.2 1990-91 31,475.0 3,363.8 84,078.7 2,417.6 (–)370.2 120,964.9 2000-01 105,150.7 7,641.6 233,051.0 7,032.5 (–)4,071.0 348,804.8 2010-11 257,056.4 24,698 628,447.2 34,182.7 (+)101.7 945,356.3 2015-16 442,832.6 43,714.9 1,092,076.5 59,258.5 5,425.6 1,643,335.1 2016-17 462,804.6 43,120.0 1,043,385.4 1,03,680.4 -68.4 1,652,922.0

27 Expenses (` in millions) 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 Genl. Superintendence 55,854.3 60,225.6 61,162.9 70,930.8 Repairs & Maintenance 289,594.3 317,625.5 336,777.0 384,590.5 Operating Expenses 540,234.7 574,451.5 562,132.8 603,331.1 Staff welfare 52,420.8 59,609.1 52,960.7 57,722.6 Misc. Wkg. Exp. 43,246.3 51,399.4 56,119.8 59,029.5 Suspense -2795.2 (-)3,610.4 5,425.6 (-)68.4 Total Ordy. Wkg. Exp. 975,707.6 1,059,958.8 1,077,359.3 1,188,296.1 Contribution to Funds 327,500.0 370,000.0 401,000.0 402,000.0 Total Working Exp. 1,303,207.1 1,429,958.8 1,478,359.3 1,590,296.1 Other Misc. Exp. 11,440.9 11,828.8 13,152.0 14,398.7 Gross Wkg. Exp. 1,314,648.0 1,441,787.6 1,491,511.3 1,604,694.8

28 Net Revenue And excess/shortfall IR ended the year with a net excess of ` 491,300 millions.

(` in millions) Year Gross Total Net Net Divi- Excess(+)/ Traffic Working Misc. Reve- dend Short Receipts Expenses Receipts nue fall (–)

1980-81 26,240.2 25,364.6 399.3 1,274.9 3,253.6 (–) 1,978.7 1990-91 120,964.9 111,538.6 1,711.5 11,137.8 9,381.1 (+) 1,756.7 2000-01 348,804.8 346,673.4 8,580.9 10,712.3 3,076.4 (+) 7,635.9 2010-11 945,356 894,742 12,847.3 63,461.4 49,412 (+) 14,408.9 2015-16 1,643,335.1 1,478,359.3 27,309.0 192,284.8 87,225.1 (+)105,059.7 2016-17 1,652,922 1,590,296.1 (-)1,349,59 491,300 0 (+)491,300

29 Assets The financial value of assets increased by 10.25% to ` 5,376.70 billions during 2016-17 as compared with 2015-16. The fixed assets stood at ` 4,290.66 billions. (` in billion) Year Fixed Invest- Invest- Funds Current Total Assets# ment ment with Assets Assets in other Central under Govt. takings 1980-81 69.35 3.85 1.29 18.02 4.21 96.72 1990-91 206.25 12.19 3.57 40.94 10.85 273.80 2000-01 603.69 22.08 7.64 115.16 29.78 778.35 2010-11 2,186.14 46.01 183.99 311.99 36.20 2,664.34 2015-16 3,818.41 45.23 327.60 639.52 45.90 4,876.66 2016-17 4,290.66 27.71 399.40 613.61 45.32 5,376.70 # Includes land, building, rolling stock, plant & equipment and miscellaneous assets.

Liabilities (` in billion) Year Loan Invest- Reserves Deposits Misc. Total Capital ment from Liabili- Liabili- from other ties ties funds sources 1980-81 60.96 13.52 6.49 11.54 4.21 96.72 1990-91 161.26 60.75 10.47 30.47 10.85 273.80 2000-01 326.62 306.79 3.59 111.57 29.78 778.35 2010-11 1,116.14 1,200.01 3.42 308.56 36.20 2,664.34 2015-16 2,424.74 1,766.50 108.07 531.45 45.90 4,876.66 2016-17 2,755.84 1,961.92 25.77 587.84 45.32 5,376.70

30 Asset Utilisation IR has been highly successful in improving productivity of its assets in 2016-17. Some important indices for Broad Gauge are given below: 1980-81 1990-91 2000-01 2015-16 2016-17 Wagon kms. per wagon per day (+) 73.4 110.5 179.0 214.5 204.2 Net tonne kms. (millions) per route km. 4.34 6.30 6.96 10.83 10.06 NTKms. per wagon per day (+) 986 1,407 2,042 7,510 7,359 Passenger kms. (millions) per route km. 5.15 7.12 9.49 18.66 18.49 NTKms. per engine hour 6,295 10,393 12,850 17,507* 16,337 (+) From 2009-10 onward figures in terms of 8-wheelers * revised

Carshead of Metro Railway at Kavi Shbhash Station

31 Engine kilometres per day per engine in use Engine kilometres per day per engine in use for goods and passenger services are given below:

Goods Year Broad Gauge Metre Gauge Steam Diesel Electric Steam Diesel Electric

1980-81 89 303 274 107 276 206 1990-91 52 445 398 88 399 224 2000-01 – 398 450 18 345 203 2010-11 – 384 478 – 102 – 2015-16 – 367 380 – 65 – 2016-17 – 377 390 – 0 – * revised Passenger

Year Broad Gauge Metre Gauge Steam Diesel Electric Steam Diesel Electric 1980-81 210 610 453 199 541 405 1990-91 189 673 482 185 569 382 2000-01 – 577 542 36 447 385 2010-11 – 594 671 34 390 – 2015-16 – 607 662 29 364 – 2016-17 – 598 709 29 290 – *revised

32 Social Service obligation IR has been providing certain goods and passenger services at below the cost of operation. The losses accruing from such operations, which are justified for meeting wider socio-economic objectives, are termed as ‘Social Service Obligation’. The losses are:

(` in millions) 2016-17

– Loss on essential commodities carried below cost of operation 421 – Loss on coaching services (a) Non-suburban 341,766 (includes loss of ` 18,553 millions on uneconomic branch lines) (b) Suburban 53,888 Total loss 396,075

– Net social service obligation 296,397 (excluding staff welfare and law & order costs of ` 99,678 million)

33 Tourism

Indian Railway is the prime mover of tourism in the country by connecting various tourist destinations across the country by rail. In addition, it has taken several initiatives to promote tourism in the country such as operation of tourist train / coach services on popular tourist circuits in different regions of the country, offering tour packages inclusive of rail travel, local transportation, accommodation, onboard services like catering, off board services such as conducted tours etc. The important train / coach services offering package tours are (i) Luxury Tourist trains, (ii) Semi luxury trains (iii) Buddhist Special trains, (iv) Bharat Darshan trains, (v) Astha Circuit trains, (vi) Value Added Tour Packages and (vii) Steam train etc. Luxury Tourist trains Indian Railway has been operating the luxury tourist train ‘Palace on Wheels’ since 1982, 4 more trains namely ‘Deccan Odyssey’, ‘Golden Chariot’, ‘Royal Rajasthan on Wheels’ and ‘Maharajas’ Express’ on similar lines have been added over the years. All these trains are fully air-conditioned and self sufficient to take care of their requirements for mostly one week voyage but some with shorter trips too. Each train is developed on different themes based on the culture and heritage of India. Each train takes care of modern amenities and comforts. The train comprises saloons of different types, multi cuisine restaurants, lounge, Bar / Mini Bar, Gym, Spa, Conference room etc. On board facilities include individual temperature control, TV, Wifi internet, telephone, piped music, CCTV, Money changer, laundry etc. The facilities may slightly vary from train to train. These trains were operated on 18 different itineraries covering a number of major tourist attractions of the country on weekly trips or shorter duration trips during 2016-17. The train offers all inclusive package covering transportation, accommodation, food, sight seeing

34 and other requirements during the trip, with individual attention. The trains are also available for charter trips on desired itineraries. Luxury Tourist Trains on IR-At a Glance

Name of Introduced No. of Period of Partner No. of days the train in coaches operation 7 nights / September/ 8 days and 2010 IRCTC 23 October to March / 3 nights/4 April next year days New Delhi-Agra-Sawai Madhopur- Jaipur-Bikaner- Itinerary 1 Maharajas’ Jodhpur-Udaipur-Sevalia-Mumbai Express Mumbai- Bhusawal-Udaipur- Jodhpur-Bikaner- Jaipur- Itinerary 2 Sawai Madhopur-Fatehpur Sikri-Agra-New Delhi New Delhi-Jaipur-Sawai Madhopur-Fatehpur Sikri-.Agra- Itinerary 3 Gwalior-Khajuraho-Varanasi-Lucknow-New Delhi Itinerary 4 New Delhi-Agra-Sawai Madhopur-Jaipur-New Delhi & 5 September/ RTDC / 22 7 nights / 8 1982 October to March / Palace on Rajasthan days April next year Wheel New Delhi-Jaipur-Sawal Madhopur-Chittaurgarh-Udaipur- Itinerary Jaisalmer-Jodhpur-Bharatpur-Agra-New Delhi September/ KSTDC / 7 nights / 8 2008 18 October to March / Karnataka days April next year Golden Bengaluru-Mysore-Hassan-Hospet-Badami-Goa- Chariot Itinerary 1 Bengaluru Bengaluru- Chennai- Pondicherry-Thanjavur-Madurai- Itinerary 2 Trivandrum- Alleppey-Ernakulam-Bengaluru September/ RTDC / 7 nights- 8 2009 22 October to March / Rajasthan days April next year Royal New Delhi-Jodhpur-Udaipur-Chittaurgarh-Sawai Rajasthan Itinerary 1 Madhopur-Jaipur-Khajuraho-Varanasi-Agra-New Delhi on Wheels New Delhi-Chittorgarh-Udaipur--Jaipur-Bharatpur-Agra- Itinerary 2 New Delhi Itinerary 3 New Delhi-Jaipur-Bharatpur-Agra-New Delhi

35 7nights /8 September/ MTDC / days and 2004 21 October to March / Maharashtra shorter April next year ones Mumbai-Nasik Road/ Devlali-Aurangabad/ Daulatabad- Itinerary 1 Pachora-Kolhapur-Madgaon-Sawantwadi- Mumbai Mumbai-Vadodara/Viswamitri-Palitana-Virawal-Virangam- Itinerary 2 Deccan Patan-Nasik Road /Devlali-Mumbai Odyssey Mumbai- Vishwmitri-Udaipur-Jodhpur-Agra-Sawai Itinerary 3 Madhopur-Jaipur-Delhi Delhi-Sawai Madhopur-Agra-Jaipur-Udaipur-Vishwamitri- Itinerary 4 Aurangabad-Mumbai Mumbai-Bijapur-Bagalkot-Hospet-Hyderabad- Itinerary 5 Aurangabad-Pachora-Mumbai Mumbai-Aurangabad-Ramtek-Warora-Pachora-Nasik Itinerary 6 Road-Mumbai Details are available at the following websites: 1. www.irctctourism.com / www.the-maharajas.com (For Maharajas’ Express) 2. www.rtdc.in (For Palace on Wheels and Royal Rajasthan on Wheels) 3. www.maharashtratourism.gov.in (For Deccan Odyssey) 4. www.goldenchariot.org (For Golden Chariot) Semi-luxury train To meet the demand of high end Indians and International tourists for a tourist train, semi-luxury trains were introduced in 2015-16 to bridge the gap between Luxury Tourist Trains and Budget tourist trains. During Financial Year 2016-17 following circuits were operated by Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation Ltd.: • Tiger trail (Covering Kanha & Bandhavgarh National Parks and Bhedaghat) • Udaipur-City of Lakes (Covering Mt.Abu, Udaipur, Chittorgarh and Ajmer)

36 • Tiger Express with City of Lakes-Udaipur (Covering Udaipur, Chittorgarh and Sawai Madhopur) Details are available at the website www.irctctourism.com. Buddhist Special Train The Buddhist Circuit Special Train (Mahaparinirvan Express) comprises of air conditioned coaches, offers an all inclusive 7 nights / 8 days package covering major destinations related to the life of Lord Buddha and also includes hotel stay and local sightseeing. The itinerary starts from and terminates at New Delhi and covers Bodhgaya, Rajgir, Nalanda, Varanasi, Sarnath, Kushinagar, Lumbini, Sravasti and Agra. The itinerary is flexible and can be modified on group bookings. It operates from Delhi during September to April as per demand. Details are available at the website www.railtourismindia.com. Bharat Darshan Trains A special train, to enable common man to visit the places of Tourism/ Religious /Historical importance in the country, at an affordable price. The packages include rail travel, meals, and sight-seeing at economical rates. The train operates throughout the year on different itinerates decided from time to time, as per demand. During the year 2016-17, 67 trips of Bharat Darshan trains have been operated with 46,374 passengers. Details are available at the website www.railtourismindia.com. Aastha Circuit Trains This train was announced in Rail Budget, 2016. IR in association with IRCTC launched this train during FY 2016-17 covering various pilgrim locations across the country. The tour package, priced between `800 and `900 a day (plus taxes) per passenger, includes rail and road travel, meals, sight-seeing, accommodation, insurance etc. State Special Tourist Trains Indian Railways, in association with IRCTC also operate Special Tourist Train on behalf of a few State Governments like Madhya

37 Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Rajasthan, Punjab and Uttar Pradesh against payment of Full Tariff Rates on the circuits requested by the State Governments concerned. These Special tourist trains cover various pilgrimage destinations in the country such as Vaishno Devi, Ajmer, Shirdi, Tirupati, Rameshwaram, Dwarka, Somnath, Shikharji, Amritsar, Shravanbalgola, Valankini etc. During the year 2016-17, 260 trips have been operated under the scheme with 2,54,230 passengers. Steam Train 1855 built ‘Fairy Queen’ rolled again on February 1, 1997 from Delhi to Alwar. The steam engine was the oldest working engine in the world. The steam train service is being continued with another steam loco. It runs on every 2nd Saturday for a one-day trip from Delhi to Rewari and back during October/November – February/March every year. Value Added Tour Packages A number of Value Added Tour Packages, on the lines of tourist trains, are also available for smaller groups of passengers by utilizing accommodation on regular trains. Indrail Passes To explore the splendor of multi-faceted India, Indrail Passes provide excellent value for money and enhance the charm of holidays for visitors from abroad. It offers the visitors the facility of unrestricted travel over the entire Indian Railway system within the period of validity of the pass. Indian Railway Catering & Tourism Corporation (IRCTC) IRCTC, the tourism arm of IR, mostly through its tourism portal www.railtourismindia.com, provides one-stop solution to almost every passenger travel and tourism requirements – tourist trains/coaches, educational tours, rail / land based tour packages, charter trains / coaches, hill charters, cab rental, LTC schemes, inbound / outbound packages, hotel bookings, train / air bookings, corporate travel services etc.

38 Technology Development RDSO was setup by the merger of the Railway Testing and Research Centre, RTRC and the Central Standards Organization (CSO) in the year 1957. This is a premier research, design and standards organization set up with the view to evolve appropriate design of Railway equipments and systems for improved safety, reliability, and maintainability. RDSO is also involved in technical reviews, statutory clearances and testing, apart from giving technical guidance to Zonal Railways. Vendor development with approval and inspection of major items is also part of the mandate of RDSO, an ISO 9000:2008 organisation. RDSO also functions as international platform for interaction with bodies such as UIC and AAR. Some of the important activities during the year are given below:-

Safety • Development of VHF Based Approaching Train Warning System for Track Maintainers (Rakshak) • Development of Advance Warning System for UMLC • Development of Train Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) • Development of Train Protection & Warning System. • LHB and Double Decker coaches fitted with Air Suspension in secondary stage. • Ultrasonic Broken Rail Detection System. • Screening of Experienced Loco Pilots for Their Deployment as High Speed Train Drivers on Trains Having Speed > 110 kmph Including Rajdhani/Shatabdi. • Development of Drawings for Derailing Switch for Throughput Enhancement.

39 Passenger Amenities • Development of IR-DRDO Bio Toilets in IR BG Coaches • Development of World Class Interior in Coaches • Development of Water Purification System in Indian Railway Passenger Coaches. • First Indigenous Air-conditioned EMU • Air Conditioned Metro for Kolkata Metro

Operational Efficiency • Development of LHB Rake Fit to Run at 200 Kmph on Existing Track • Development of Prototype Development of Newly Designed 25T Open Wagon • Design Development of 25T Container Flat Wagon • Prototype Development of New Design High Capacity Parcel Wagon

Development of Ballastless Track with Indigenous Fastening System (BLT-IFS). New Initiatives in Design and Fabrication of Railway Bridges • Design of 91.44m span has been standardized. • Bow string girders for NHAI drawings of 42m span bow string ROBs have been issued for one way two lane. • Design of 60m Bow Arch Bridge for NHAI one way two lane is in progress. • Design of 72m Bow Arch girder has been completed.

40 Indigenous Development • Development of Micro Processor Based Governor for HHP Diesel Electric Locomotives • Modelling and Validation of Interlocking for Railway Signalling Systems • OFC Based Backup Interlocked Signalling System

Inspection and Quality Audit Quality Assurance/Civil Directorate is the inspection agency for GRSP/CGRSP, GFN Liners, Dowels, CMS Crossings & AT Welding Portions. Now, total On-line system for product inspection has been adopted and inspection certificates are uploaded on website. QA/Civil Directorate is dealing with fresh approval, up-gradation, quality audit of approved vendors etc. In the year 2016-17 the directorate has done Quality Audit of 84 firms, up - gradation of 15 firms and fresh approval of 21 firms.

Consultancy During the year 2016-17, eight consultancy/Inspection Reports have been issued to Zonal Railways for various track formation related problems at different locations.

Export Design & Development of Fabricated Bogie frame for MG Diesel Locomotive for Export to Myanmar Railways.

Research and Collaboration Strategic Technology & Holistic Advancement (SRESTHA): Setting up of a ‘Special Railway Establishment for Strategic Technology

41 & Holistic Advancement’ (SRESTHA), a world class institution to undertake the various Research and Development projects in Indian Railways was announced in Budget 2016 with the following objectives: • It shall engage itself in building new products for Indian Railways, based on available technology in the world and in newer areas, R&D shall be initiated in synergy with the needs of Indian Railways along with focus on applied research and development. • It shall be design Centre for Railways as a ‘System of Systems’ along with being a Technology Incubation & Commercialization Centre and shall assist to build Design Centres at Production Units of Indian Railways and other Centres of Excellence in Academic Institutions. • It aims to transform Indian Railways from a net technology Importer to its Exporter in ten years, and work towards a modal ‘Shift to Rail’ in India.

Escalator facility at Secunderabad Railway Station

42 INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION

Indian Railway is conscious of the need to keep abreast with the latest technological developments and best international practices to capture the growth opportunities in freight and passenger business and provide the desired level of services to the customers. It is working in close cooperation with International Union of Railways (UIC), International Heavy Haul Association (IHHA), research institute and similar bodies to gain latest technical know-how to constantly upgrade its infrastructure and operations to World Standards. Ministry of Railways has signed Memorandum of Understanding (MoUs) for technical cooperation in the rail sector with various foreign Governments and National Railways. The identified areas of cooperation inter-alia include high speed corridors, speed raising of existing routes, development of world class stations, heavy haul operation and modernization of rail infrastructure etc. The cooperation is achieved through exchange of information on developments in areas of railway technology & operations, knowledge sharing, technical visits, training and seminars and workshops in areas of mutual interest. During 2016-17, Ministry of Railways has signed MoUs/Protocol for technical cooperation in the rail sector with Germany, Russia, Italy and Japan.

IRCON: Developing Infrastructure Globally Ircon International Limited (formally known as Indian Railway Construction Company Limited), a Mini Ratna and Schedule ‘A’ PSU, was incorporated on 28th April, 1976, mainly for the purpose of construction and development of Railway Infrastructure in India and abroad with the expertise from Indian Railways. During its operation of 41 years the company has diversified and developed core competence in other areas like Highways, Tunnels, Bridges, Flyovers, ROBs, Airport

43 Hangar & Runways, Metro rail and Buildings, EHV Transmission Line & Grid Sub-stations, Industrial Electrification, Signaling and Telecom Systems etc.Considering its major share of business from projects abroad, its name was changed to “Ircon International Limited” w.e.f. 17th October 1995. IRCON has so far completed about 376 infrastructure projects in India and 121 projects across the globe in more than 24 countries.

Foreign Projects IRCON is actively engaged in infrastructure development in several Asian and African countries. The Company’s expertise coupled with its experience has helped in successful completion and commissioning of a mega project valuing over USD 1 billion in Malaysia, the largest ever Transportation project completed by any Indian company abroad. In Bangladesh, IRCON has completed projects of “Construction of 2ndBhairab Railway Bridge with Approach Rail Lines” and “Turnkey Contract of 2x20 MVA, 66/33 KV Sub-station at Paro in Bhutan.”Some other Key Railway Projects are also under execution in Algeria, Bangladesh and South Africa.

International Rail Connectivity Projects IRCON is executing Rail connectivity projects to Nepal and Bangaldesh.

Strategic Projects in India In India, IRCON is involved in the biggest Railway construction project in Jammu & Kashmir and is also constructing a new Broad Gauge railway line from Sivok in North Bengal to Rangpo in Sikkim. During the FY 2016-17 major projects completed include,

44 • 4.5 km long Rail-cum-Road Bridge across the river Ganges at Patna • Design, Supply, Installation, Testing and Commissioning of Ballastless Track of Standard Gauge in elevated section of Aluva to Petta corridor of Kochi Metro. Among the ongoing projects, some of the key projects are: • Civil and Track Works of DFCCIL in three packages between JNPT - Vaitarana, Vaitarana - Sachin and Sachin - Vadodara sections • Construction of Railway lines of approx. 300 km length at an estimated cost of Rs.4,500 Crores in Chhattisgarh • Construction of Modern Coach Factory at Rae Bareilly • Supply, Installation, Testing and Commissioning of Ballastless Track of Standard Gauge and sub-stationworks for Delhi Metro under phase-III • Power Supply Distribution works (R-APDRP) at Meerut in the state of Uttar Pradesh and at Jammu in Jammu & Kashmir. The company is also engaged in construction of rural Roads under Pradhan Mantri Gram SadakYojna (PMGSY) and has contributed significantly in the road sector by completing about 5,000 km of roads and about 100 nos. of Road over Rail Bridges.

Awards & Recognition A number of Awards & Accolades were received during the year 2016-17. Some of them are Dun & Bradstreet Awards for ‘India’s Top PSUs 2016’, ‘Infra Awards 2016 for Best Infrastructure Project: Setting up of Modern Coach Factory, Rae Bareli Phase-I’, ‘CIDC Vishwakarma Awards 2016 for the Best Construction Project to ‘Modern Coach Factory, Rae Bareli’

45 RITES Limited RITES, a Mini Ratna Enterprise, Schedule ‘A’, an ISO 9001-2008 certified multidisciplinary consultancy organisation in transport and infrastructure sectors offers comprehensive services from concept to commissioning in railways, urban transport, highways, bridges, tunnels, ports, inland waterways, airports, ropeways, institutional buildings, renewable energy and export packages of rolling stock and railway related equipment. It has operational experience of 43 years in over 62 countries of SAARC, ASEAN, Africa, Latin America and Middle East region

Overseas Projects Bangladesh - Feasibility study for setting up a new coach manufacturing unit and supply of 120 BG stainless steel passenger coaches and 26 new BG diesel locomotives -Bangladesh Railways Botswana - Consultancy services for pre-contract services and construction supervision of Tshesebe to Masunga Road Project Mauritius - Supervision consultancy for LRT project and DPR for Trident Port Project Myanmar - Supply of 18 new YDM4 locomotives to Myanmar Railways. Senegal - Supply of 6 in-service YDM4 locomotives to M/s Indorama Energy Pvt. Ltd Mozambique - Wet Leasing of 15 1350 HP Diesel Locomotives Sri Lanka - Supply of 6 sets of AC DMUs (13 coaches per set) and AC EMD Diesel Locomotives for Sri Lanka Railways

46 Integrated Check Posts: RITES is offering Project Management Consultancy services for Integrated Check Posts along international borders at Jogbani, Biratnagar, Birgunj along Indo- Nepal Border; Dawaki &; Moreh along Indo-Myanmar border. Domestic Projects At home, RITES is involved in mega transportation projects like dedicated freight corridors, metros, high speed rail studies, logistics parks, rail infrastructure and green energy etc. • RITES has been associated with the National High Speed Railway Corporation for Ahmedabad-Mumbai high speed passenger corridor. Detailed design consultancy for six elevated metro stations for Metro Link Express for Gandhinagar, GC for Ahmedabad and feasibility study for high-speed rail corridor between Delhi- Chandigarh-Amritsar. • Final report of the Preliminary Engineering-cum-Traffic Study (PETS) of East-Coast DFC (1,122 km) between Kharagpur and Vijayawada and study for the Southern Corridor (885 km) between Chennai and Goa • Consultancy for country’s key metro rail projects like Delhi, Bengaluru, Ahmedabad and Nagpur and feasibility study & DPR for metros in Kochi, Patna, Guwahati, Kanpur, Varanasi, Agra, Lucknow & Chennai • Setting up of design, development and testing centre at RWF (Bengaluru), Self Propelled Accident Relief Train (SPART) on Indian Railways (IR) system. • PPP/ JV basis, a rail concession, Bhuj Nalliya Vayor Rail Project, also involving gauge conversion, from MG to BG for 101 km length and new line of about 25 km.

47 • Wet leasing of locos to non-railway customers and undertaken operation and maintenance of more than 100 locos and 1200 wagons owned by clients. • Turnkey works for upgrading/modernization of Railway Workshop. • RITES and the Indian Railways have set up a Joint Venture Company, Railway Energy Management Company Ltd. (REMCL) for renewable energy projects, bilateral purchases, power trading and energy efficiency projects, in a record time of 10 months, has commissioned 26 MW Wind Mill in Jaisalmer and also concluded power procurement contracts for 1200 MW in different states.