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The Harem 19Th-20Th Centuries”
Pt.II: Colonialism, Nationalism, the Harem 19th-20th centuries” Week 11: Nov. 27-9; Dec. 2 “Northern Nigeria: from Caliphate to Colony” Nigeria: 19th-20th C. • Early 19th C. Jihad established Sokoto Caliphate: • Uthman dan Fodio • Born to scholarly family (c.1750) • Followed conservative Saharan brotherhood (Qadiriyya) Northern Nigeria: 19th-20th C. Nigeria: 19th-20th C. • 1790s – 1804: growing reputation as teacher • Preaching against Hausa Islam: state we left in discussion of Kano Palace18th c. (Nast) • ‘corruption’: illegal imposition various taxes • ‘paganism’: continued practice ‘pre-Islamic’ rituals (especially Bori spirit cult) • Charged political opponent, Emir of Gobir as openly supporting: first ‘target’ of jihad Nigeria: 19th-20th C. • 1804: beginning of jihad • Long documented correspondence/debate between them • Emir of Gobir did not accept that he was ‘bad Muslim’ who needed to ‘convert’ – dan Fodio ‘disagreed’ • Declared ‘Holy War’ Nigeria: 19th-20th C. Nigeria: 19th-20th C. • Drew in surrounding regions: why attracted? • marginalization vis-à-vis central Hausa provinces • exploited by excessive taxation • attraction of dan Fodio’s charisma, genuine religious fervour Nigeria: 19th-20th C. • 1817, Uthman dan Fodio died: • Muhamed Bello (son) took over as ‘caliph’ • nature of jihad changed fundamentally: became one of ‘the heart and mind’ • ‘conquest’ only established fragile boundaries of state • did not create the Islamic regime envisaged by dan Fodio Nigeria: 19th-20th C. • New ‘Islamic state’ carved out of pre-existing Muslim society: needed full legitimization • Key ‘tool’ to shaping new society -- ‘educating people to understand the Revolution’ -- was education Nigeria: 19th-20th C. Nana Asma’u (1793 – 1864): - educated daughter of Uthman dan Fodio - fluent in Arabic, Fulfulbe, Hausa, Tamechek [Tuareg] - sister Mohamed Bello Nigeria: 19th-20th C. -
Africans: the HISTORY of a CONTINENT, Second Edition
P1: RNK 0521864381pre CUNY780B-African 978 0 521 68297 8 May 15, 2007 19:34 This page intentionally left blank ii P1: RNK 0521864381pre CUNY780B-African 978 0 521 68297 8 May 15, 2007 19:34 africans, second edition Inavast and all-embracing study of Africa, from the origins of mankind to the AIDS epidemic, John Iliffe refocuses its history on the peopling of an environmentally hostilecontinent.Africanshavebeenpioneersstrugglingagainstdiseaseandnature, and their social, economic, and political institutions have been designed to ensure their survival. In the context of medical progress and other twentieth-century innovations, however, the same institutions have bred the most rapid population growth the world has ever seen. The history of the continent is thus a single story binding living Africans to their earliest human ancestors. John Iliffe was Professor of African History at the University of Cambridge and is a Fellow of St. John’s College. He is the author of several books on Africa, including Amodern history of Tanganyika and The African poor: A history,which was awarded the Herskovits Prize of the African Studies Association of the United States. Both books were published by Cambridge University Press. i P1: RNK 0521864381pre CUNY780B-African 978 0 521 68297 8 May 15, 2007 19:34 ii P1: RNK 0521864381pre CUNY780B-African 978 0 521 68297 8 May 15, 2007 19:34 african studies The African Studies Series,founded in 1968 in collaboration with the African Studies Centre of the University of Cambridge, is a prestigious series of monographs and general studies on Africa covering history, anthropology, economics, sociology, and political science. -
Legacies of Colonialism and Islam for Hausa Women: an Historical Analysis, 1804-1960
Legacies of Colonialism and Islam for Hausa Women: An Historical Analysis, 1804-1960 by Kari Bergstrom Michigan State University Winner of the Rita S. Gallin Award for the Best Graduate Student Paper in Women and International Development Working Paper #276 October 2002 Abstract This paper looks at the effects of Islamization and colonialism on women in Hausaland. Beginning with the jihad and subsequent Islamic government of ‘dan Fodio, I examine the changes impacting Hausa women in and outside of the Caliphate he established. Women inside of the Caliphate were increasingly pushed out of public life and relegated to the domestic space. Islamic law was widely established, and large-scale slave production became key to the economy of the Caliphate. In contrast, Hausa women outside of the Caliphate were better able to maintain historical positions of authority in political and religious realms. As the French and British colonized Hausaland, the partition they made corresponded roughly with those Hausas inside and outside of the Caliphate. The British colonized the Caliphate through a system of indirect rule, which reinforced many of the Caliphate’s ways of governance. The British did, however, abolish slavery and impose a new legal system, both of which had significant effects on Hausa women in Nigeria. The French colonized the northern Hausa kingdoms, which had resisted the Caliphate’s rule. Through patriarchal French colonial policies, Hausa women in Niger found they could no longer exercise the political and religious authority that they historically had held. The literature on Hausa women in Niger is considerably less well developed than it is for Hausa women in Nigeria. -
The Fulani Jihad & Its Implication for National Integration
An International Multidisciplinary Journal, Ethiopia Vol. 5 (5), Serial No. 22, October, 2011 ISSN 1994-9057 (Print) ISSN 2070--0083 (Online) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/afrrev.v5i5.1 The Fulani Jihad and its Implication for National Integration and Development in Nigeria (Pp. 1-12) Aremu, Johnson Olaosebikan - Department of History and International Studies, University of Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria. E-mail Address: [email protected] ℡+2348032477652 Abstract The Fulani Jihad (1804-1810) led by Shehu, Uthman Dan Fodio was successfully prosecuted against the established Hausa dynasty in Northern Nigeria. It led to the emergence of a theocratic state, the Sokoto Caliphate, which was administered largely as a federation, due to its wide expanse and diverse composition of its people. The causes, management and impact of the Jihad as well as important lessons for national integration and development in contemporary Nigerian political life form the basic themes of this paper. Key words: Jihad, Integration, Theocracy, National Development, Caliphate Introduction The Fulani Jihad (1804-1810), had its heart and beginning in Gobir. It should be noted that the very essence of the Jihad against established Hausa dynasty was in itself a revolution in relationship between the Hausa and the Fulanis. It is informative to note that Islam was introduced into Hausa land about the 14 th century by foreign Mallams and merchants, such as Wagara Arabs and the Fulanis (Adeleye 1971:560; Afe 2003:23; Hill,2009:8). The latter group (Fulani’s) was said to have migrated over the centuries from Futa-Toro area Copyright © IAARR 2011: www.afrrevjo.com 1 Indexed African Journals Online: www.ajol.info Vol. -
Soil Survey Papers No. 5
Soil Survey Papers No. 5 ANCIENTDUNE FIELDS AND FLUVIATILE DEPOSITS IN THE RIMA-SOKOTO RIVER BASIN (N.W. NIGERIA) W. G. Sombroek and I. S. Zonneveld Netherlands Soil Survey Institute, Wageningen A/Gr /3TI.O' SOIL SURVEY PAPERS No. 5 ANCIENT DUNE FIELDS AND FLUVIATILE DEPOSITS IN THE RIMA-SOKOTO RIVER BASIN (N.W. NIGERIA) Geomorphologie phenomena in relation to Quaternary changes in climate at the southern edge of the Sahara W. G. Sombroek and I. S. Zonneveld Scanned from original by ISRIC - World Soil Information, as ICSU ! World Data Centre for Soils. The purpose is to make a safe depository for endangered documents and to make the accrued ! information available for consultation, following Fair Use ' Guidelines. Every effort is taken to respect Copyright of the materials within the archives where the identification of the j Copyright holder is clear and, where feasible, to contact the i originators. For questions please contact soil.isricOwur.nl \ indicating the item reference number concerned. ! J SOIL SURVEY INSTITUTE, WAGENINGEN, THE NETHERLANDS — 1971 3TV9 Dr. I. S. Zonneveld was chief of the soils and land evaluation section of the Sokoto valley project and is at present Ass. Professor in Ecology at the International Institute for Aerial Survey and Earth Science (ITC) at Enschede, The Netherlands (P.O. Box 6, Enschede). Dr. W. G. Sombroek was a member of the same soils and evaluation section and is at present Project Manager of the Kenya Soil Survey Project, which is being supported by the Dutch Directorate for International Technical Assistance (P.O. Box 30028, Nairobi). The opinions and conclusions expressed in this publication are the authors' own personal views, and may not be taken as reflecting the official opinion or policies of either the Nigerian Authorities or the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. -
Influence of Arabic Poetry on the Composition and Dating of Fulfulde Jihad Poetry in Yola* (Nigeria)
INFLUENCE OF ARABIC POETRY ON THE COMPOSITION AND DATING OF FULFULDE JIHAD POETRY IN YOLA* (NIGERIA) Anneke Breedveld** 1. Introduction One of the significant contexts of use of Arabic script in Africa is the large amount of manuscripts in Fulfulde, inspired especially by Sheehu Usman dan Fodio. The writings of this pivotal political and religious leader and his contemporaries have been revered by his followers, and thus ample numbers have survived until the present day. Being Muslims and inspired by Arabic poetry, Usman dan Fodio’s contemporaries have used the Arabic script and metre to write up their compositions in various languages. The power of the Fulbe states in West Africa was closely associated with the Fulbe’s ‘ownership’ of Islam. Their aversion to the colonial powers who undermined their ruling position has since also led to a massive rejection of Western and Christian education by successive generations of Fulbe (Breedveld 2006; Regis 1997). Most Muslim children do learn to read and write Arabic in the Qurʾanic schools, resulting in widespread use of the Arabic script in Fulbe societies until today. The aim of this paper is to present initial results from the investigation of the jihad poetry composed in Fulfulde which is now available in Yola, Nigeria, and is, for the purpose of this paper dubbed the Yola collection. This collection contains 93 manuscripts of copied Fulfulde poems by Usman dan Fodio and his contemporaries and is at present privately owned by a family (see below). First, the present paper gives a brief introduction to the main poet, Usman dan Fodio, and his contemporaries are named. -
State Feminism and Democratisation in Nigeria Author(S): Amina Mama Source: Africa Development / Afrique Et Développement, Vol
CODESRIA Feminism or Femocracy? State Feminism and Democratisation in Nigeria Author(s): Amina Mama Source: Africa Development / Afrique et Développement, Vol. 20, No. 1 (1995), pp. 37-58 Published by: CODESRIA Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/43657968 Accessed: 13-07-2016 14:16 UTC Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://about.jstor.org/terms JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. CODESRIA is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Africa Development / Afrique et Développement This content downloaded from 146.231.12.94 on Wed, 13 Jul 2016 14:16:13 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms Feminism or Femocracy? State Feminism and Démocratisation in Nigeria Amina Mama* Résumé: L'absence d'un mouvement de masse des femmes dans la quasi-totalité des pays africains n'a pas empêché l'inauguration d'une politique du genre par l'intégration de la femme dans le processus du développement. De l'implication de la femme dans les guerres de libération à l'avènement du « syndrome de la première dame», la problématique du genre a déteint sur la lutte des féministes en Afrique. La présente étude analyse ces développements dans le Nigeria postcolonial ; son expérience a donné naissance au concept de «femocracy» en lieu et place d'un espace féministe en politique. -
NIGERIA, SECOND QUARTER 2020: Update on Incidents According to the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED) Compiled by ACCORD, 30 October 2020
NIGERIA, SECOND QUARTER 2020: Update on incidents according to the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED) compiled by ACCORD, 30 October 2020 Number of reported incidents with at least one fatality Number of reported fatalities National borders: GADM, November 2015a; administrative divisions: GADM, November 2015b; in- cident data: ACLED, 3 October 2020; coastlines and inland waters: Smith and Wessel, 1 May 2015 NIGERIA, SECOND QUARTER 2020: UPDATE ON INCIDENTS ACCORDING TO THE ARMED CONFLICT LOCATION & EVENT DATA PROJECT (ACLED) COMPILED BY ACCORD, 30 OCTOBER 2020 Contents Conflict incidents by category Number of Number of reported fatalities 1 Number of Number of Category incidents with at incidents fatalities Number of reported incidents with at least one fatality 1 least one fatality Violence against civilians 356 233 825 Conflict incidents by category 2 Battles 246 200 1257 Development of conflict incidents from June 2018 to June 2020 2 Protests 141 1 1 Explosions / Remote Methodology 3 77 67 855 violence Conflict incidents per province 4 Riots 75 26 42 Strategic developments 18 0 0 Localization of conflict incidents 4 Total 913 527 2980 Disclaimer 8 This table is based on data from ACLED (datasets used: ACLED, 3 October 2020). Development of conflict incidents from June 2018 to June 2020 This graph is based on data from ACLED (datasets used: ACLED, 3 October 2020). 2 NIGERIA, SECOND QUARTER 2020: UPDATE ON INCIDENTS ACCORDING TO THE ARMED CONFLICT LOCATION & EVENT DATA PROJECT (ACLED) COMPILED BY ACCORD, 30 OCTOBER 2020 Methodology on what level of detail is reported. Thus, towns may represent the wider region in which an incident occured, or the provincial capital may be used if only the province The data used in this report was collected by the Armed Conflict Location & Event is known. -
Frequency and Characteristics of Peripartum Cardiomyopathy in Two Referral Centres in Kano, Nigeria
FREQUENCY AND CHARACTERISTICS OF PERIPARTUM CARDIOMYOPATHY IN TWO REFERRAL CENTRES IN KANO, NIGERIA A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED FOR THE PART TWO (FINAL) PROJECT AS PART OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF FELLOWSHIP OF THE NATIONAL POSTGRADUATE MEDICAL COLLEGE OF NIGERIA (FACULTY OF INTERNAL MEDICINE).(CARDIOLOGY) BY DR. AHMAD, NASER ISHAQ MD VINNITSA (UKRAINE) 1998 DEPARTMENT OF MEDICINE AMINU KANO TEACHING HOSPITAL, KANO – NIGERIA MAY 2014 i DECLARATION I humbly declare that the writing and execution of the study contained in this work was carried out by me, and that it is original unless otherwise acknowledged. It has not been presented to any College for award of Fellowship nor has it been submitted elsewhere for publication. Signature…………………………………….. Date………………………………………….. DR. NASER AHMAD ISHAQ ii CERTIFICATION BY SUPERVISORS We hereby declare and certify that this dissertation was carried out by DR. NASER AHMAD ISHAQ under the supervision of PROFESSOR S. ISEZUO and PROFESSOR K. M. KARAYE Signature……………………………… Date…………………………………… PROFESSOR SIMEON ISEZUO (FMCP) Professor of Medicine and Consultant Cardiologist, UsmanDanfodio University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Sokoto State. Signature…………………………….. Date………………………………….. PROFESSOR K. M. KARAYE (FWACP, FACC) Professor of Medicine and Consultant Cardiologist, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano. iii CERTIFICATION BY HEAD OF DEPARTMENT This is to certify that this work was undertaken by DR. Naser Ahmad Ishaq in the Department of Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano. Signature…………………………….. Date………………………………….. PROFESSOR K. M. KARAYE (FWACP, FACC) Professor of Medicine and Consultant Cardiologist, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano (Head of Department) iv DEDICATION This work is dedicated to the memory of my late father Alhaji Ahmad Ishaq and to my mother Hajia Fatimah Ahmad Ishaq. -
Department of History Al Neelain University Khartoum, Sudan
DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY AL NEELAIN UNIVERSITY KHARTOUM, SUDAN IMPACT OF BRITISH COLONIAL AGRICULTURAL POLICIES ON MURI EMIRATE, 1903-1960 BY HARUNA MUHAMMAD SULEIMURI A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate College, Al Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan for the Award of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in History SUPERVISOR PROFESSOR MAYMOUNA MIRGHANI HAMZA JANUARY, 2018 i Table of Contents Table of Contents ………………………………………………………………………… i-vi Declaration ………………………………………………………………………………… vii Certification ………………………………………………………………………………. viii Dedication ………………………………………………………………………………….. ix Acknowledgments ………………………………………………………………………. x-xii Abstract (English) ...……………………………………………………………………… xiii Abstract (Arabic) ...………………………………………………………………………. xiv INTRODUCTION 1.0 Preface ………………………………………………………………………………… 1-3 2.0 Background to the Study …………………………………………………………….. 3-5 3.0 Statement of the Research Problem ………………………………………………… 5-7 4.0 Scope of the Study ……………………………………………………………………. 7-8 5.0 Aim and Objectives of the Study …………………………………………………..... 8-9 6.0 Justification and Significance of the Study ………………………………………. 9-10 7.0 Theoretical Framework …………………………………………………………… 10-14 8.0 Methodology ……………………………………………………………………….. 15-17 9.0 Literature Review …………………………………………………………………. 17-24 10.0 Conclusion ………………………………………………………………………... 24-25 CHAPTER ONE LOCATION AND GEOGRAPHY OF MURI EMIRATE 1.1 Introduction ………………………………………………………………………... 26-27 1.2 Historical Background of Muri Emirate Area …………………………………... 27-29 1.3 Location of Muri Emirate ………………………………………………………… -
Inter-Group Relations in Wukari and Donga Areas, 1900-1992: a Case Study of the Jukun and Chamba Peoples
INTER-GROUP RELATIONS IN WUKARI AND DONGA AREAS, 1900-1992: A CASE STUDY OF THE JUKUN AND CHAMBA PEOPLES BY MORDAKAI SULE DANSONKA B A HISTORY (MAIDUGURI) 2005 M.A/ARTS/1778/2011-2012 A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF A MASTER OF ARTS DEGREE IN HISTORY DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY, FACULTY OF ARTS AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA JANUARY, 2016 i DECLARATION I declare that the work in this Dissertation titled INTER-GROUP RELATIONS IN WUKARI AND DONGA AREAS, 1900-1992: A CASE STUDY OF THE JUKUN AND CHAMBA PEOPLEShas been carried out by me in the Department of History, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. The work is by no means a replication, except for some information derived from the Literature and has been duly acknowledged by footnotes and references. No part of this dissertation was previously presented for another degree or diploma in this or any other institution. MordakaiSuleDansonka________________________________ Name of Student Signature Date ii CERTIFICATION This dissertation entitled INTER-GROUP RELATIONS IN WUKARI AND DONGA AREAS, 1900-1992: A CASE STUDY OF THE JUKUN AND CHAMBA PEOPLES, by MordakaiSuleDansonka meets the regulations governing the award of the Degree of Master of Arts ofAhmadu Bello University, Zaria, and is approved for its contribution to knowledge and literary presentation. ____________________ ___________________ ____________________ External Examiner Signature Date ____________________ ________________________________________ -
Kaduna State, Federal Republic of Nigeria: Education Public
KADUNA STATE, FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA: EDUCATION PUBLIC EXPENDITURE REVIEW HALIDU ABUBAKAR PAUL BENNELL DECEMBER 2007 FINAL DRAFT CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................... vi ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS .............................................................................. vii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................. viii GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED IN THIS DOCUMENT ................................................ xvi 1. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................ 1 1.1 STUDY OBJECTIVES .............................................................................................. 1 1.2 METHODOLOGY .................................................................................................... 1 1.3 DATA LIMITATIONS .............................................................................................. 1 1.4 KADUNA STATE: AN OVERVIEW...................................................................... 2 1.5 EDUCATION POLICY ............................................................................................. 2 1.6 KEY CHALLENGES ................................................................................................ 4 2. FUNDING AND EXPENDITURE ................................................................................. 5 2.1 THE BUDGETING PROCESS ................................................................................