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Road Safety Country Overview – Iceland

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Road Safety Country Overview – Iceland Traffic Safety Basic Facts 2013 - Main Figures Traffic Safety Basic Facts 2015 RoadUrban Areas Safety Country Overview Iceland Road Safety Country Overview – Iceland Structure and Culture Basic data Table 1: Basic data of Iceland in relation to the EU average Basic data of Iceland EU average* - Population: 0,33 million inhabitants (2013) [2] 18,1 million (2013) - Area: 103.000 km2 (2013) [2] 156.478 km2 (2013) (2,67% water) (2015)[4] 3% water (2015) - Climate and weather conditions (capital city; (2015) 2015)[3]: - Average winter temperature (Nov. to April): 3,2°C 8,5°C - Average summer temperature (May to Oct.): 10,7°C 21,4°C - Annual precipitation level: 798 mm 651 mm - Exposure: 31 billion vehicle km (2012)[1] 153,7billion vehicle km (2012)1 - 0,79 vehicles per person (2013)[2] 0,65 (2013) Sources: [1] IRTAD; [2] EUROSTAT; [3] national sources ; [4] CIA Iceland is characterised by a Country characteristics low population density and a cold and wet climate. Table 2: Characteristics of Iceland in comparison to the EU average Characteristics of Iceland EU average* - Population density: 3 inhabitants/km2 (2013) [2] 115 inhabitants/km2 (2013) - Population composition (2013) [2]: 20,4% children (0-14 years) 15,6% children 65,4% adults (15-64 years) 65,9% adults 13,8% elderly (65 years and over) 18,5% elderly (2013) - Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita: €26.763 (2013) €35.418 (2013) [2] - 94,1% of population lives inside urban area 73% (2015) (2015)[4] - Special characteristics[4]: mostly plateau interspersed with mountain peaks, icefields; coast deeply indented by bays and fiords Sources: [1] IRTAD; [2] EUROSTAT; [3] national sources ; [4] CIA *The European average is calculated based on the latest data available for the 28 EU countries 1 Based on 18 EU countries (excl. BG, ES, HR, IT, CY, LT, LU, HU, MT); data of EE, LV, PL, RO (2010); data of SK (2000); data of EL (1998) - 2 - Road Safety Country Overview – Iceland Structure of road safety management The Icelandic Road and Coastal Administration (IRCA) is responsible for about 13.000 km of main roads and country side roads in Iceland. This includes planning, design, construction, maintenance and service of those roads. IRCA is also responsible for ferry operations which are all The Icelandic Road and Coastal outsourced to ferry companies. Administration is responsible for about 13.000 km of main The following key-actors are responsible for Road Safety (RS) policy roads and country side roads in making: Iceland. Table 3: Key actors per function in Iceland Key functions Key actors 1. - Formulation of national - Ministry of Interior RS strategy - The Icelandic Road and Coastal Administration - Setting targets - Icelandic Transport Authority - Development of the RS - The Icelandic Transportation Safety Board programme 2. Monitoring of the RS - The Icelandic Road and Coastal Administration development in the - Icelandic Transport Authority country 3. Improvements in road infrastructure - The Icelandic Road and Coastal Administration 4. Vehicle improvement - Icelandic Transport Authority 5. Improvement in road - Icelandic Transport Authority user education - Local authorities 6. Publicity campaigns - The Icelandic Road and Coastal Administration - Icelandic Transport Authority 7. Enforcement of road - The Police Districts in Iceland traffic laws - The national Commissioner of the Icelandic Police 8. Other relevant actors - safetravel.is - Icelandic Automobile Association Source: national sources Attitudes towards risk taking As Iceland is not part of the SARTRE surveys, there is no information on attitudes that is comparable to other European countries. - 3 - Road Safety Country Overview – Iceland Programmes and measures National strategic plans and targets - In 2011, the Icelandic Parliament agreed upon a new Traffic Safety Iceland aims to lower the Plan for the period 2011-2022. number of killed and seriously - Targets: injured by 5% each year and to be among the best performing Table 4: Road safety targets for Iceland countries of killed per capita. Fatalities and Average Measures Year seriously driving injured speed - The number of fatalities per 100.000 -46% (referred population must not exceed the rate to the average of countries with outstanding traffic of 2006-2010) 2022 safety records -5% per year -Total fatalities and serious injuries -Killed and seriously injured children 0 -Killed due to lack of seat-belt wearing -Accidents due to influenced driving -Accidents involving 17-20 year-olds -Killed and seriously injured motorcycle riders -Injured vulnerable road users -5% Every -Injured foreign road users year -Accidents due to running off the road -Accidents due to lack of gap between cars -Accidents due to side impact -Average driving speed in rural area in <95 km/h summertime Sources: IRTAD, 2015; national sources Priority topics: - Children - Adolescents - Drink-driving - Driving speed - Seat-belt wearing - Tailgating - Vulnerable road users - Motorcyclists - Foreign road users - Run-of road accidents - Side-impact accidents Road infrastructure Table 5: Description of the road categories and their characteristics in Iceland Road type General speed limits (km/h) Urban roads 50 Rural roads 80/90 Motorways n/a Source: IRTAD, 2015 - 4 - Road Safety Country Overview – Iceland Special rules for: - HGVs and cars pulling trailers: 80 km/h. - gravel roads: 80 km/h Guidelines and strategic plans for infrastructure are available in Iceland. Table 6: Obligatory parts of infrastructure management in Iceland and the EU countries Obligatory parts in Iceland EU countries with obligation Safety impact assessment: yes 32% Road safety audits: yes 81% In Iceland, roads are improved Road safety inspections: yes 89% by safety impact assessment, High risk site treatment: yes 74% high risk site treatment, road Sources: national sources safety inspections and audits. Recent activities of road infrastructure improvement have been addressing: - elimination of high risk sites - separation of driving directions - increased use of rumble strips - improved winter services (as many crashes occur on icy roads) (Source: IRTAD, 2015) Traffic laws and regulations Table 7: Description of the regulations in Iceland in relation to the most common regulations in the EU countries Most common in EU Regulations in Iceland [1] (% of countries) Allowed BAC2 level: 0,5‰ 0,5‰ (54%) - Novice drivers: 0,5‰ 0,2‰ (43%) - Professional drivers: 0,5‰ 0,2‰ (32%) 0,0‰ (36%) Phoning: - Hand held: not allowed Not allowed (all countries) - Hands free: allowed Allowed (all countries) Allowed BAC limits for novice Use of restraint systems: and professional drivers are - Driver: obligatory Obligatory (all countries) higher than those of most EU - Front passengers: obligatory Obligatory (all countries) - Rear passengers: obligatory Obligatory (all countries) countries. - Children: obligatory Obligatory (all countries) Helmet wearing: - Motor riders: Obligatory Obligatory (all countries) - Moped riders: Obligatory Obligatory (all countries) - Cyclists: obligatory up to 14 years old Not obligatory (39%) - Daytime running lights are mandatory. - A demerit point system is in place [2] Sources: [1] EC DG-Move, 2015; [2] WHO, 2013 2 Blood Alcohol Concentration - 5 - Road Safety Country Overview – Iceland Enforcement Table 8: Effectiveness of enforcement effort in Iceland according to an international respondent consensus (scale = 0-10) Score for Most common in EU Issue Iceland (% of countries) Effectiveness of speed, drink- Speed legislation enforcement 6 7 (43%) driving and seat-belt law Seat-belt law enforcement 6 7 (25%) and 8 (25%) enforcement is below the level Child restraint law enforcement 9 8 (39%) of most EU countries. Helmet legislation enforcement 9 9 (50%) Drink-driving law enforcement 5 8 (43%) Source: WHO, 2015 Road user education and training Table 9: Road user education and training in Iceland, compared to the situation in the EU countries Most common in EU Education and training in Iceland (% of countries) General education programmes: - Primary school: compulsory Compulsory (71%) - Secondary school: compulsory Compulsory (43%)[1,2] - Other groups: kindergarten programme - Driving licences thresholds: As in the majority of countries, - Passenger car: 17 years 18 years (79%) road safety education is - Motorised two wheeler: 15 years for 18 years (low categories) and compulsory both at primary mopeds, 17 years for <=125cm3, 11kW; 21 higher ages (32%) and secondary school in years for unlimited kW or two years of Iceland. experience on <=125cc (19 years at least, if one has two years of experience on the >=125cc) - Buses and coaches: 21 years for <=16 21 years (86%) passengers, 23 years for >16 passengers - Lorries and trucks: 18 years for up to 7.5t, 21 years (75%)[2,3] 21 years for > 7.5t Sources: [1] ROSE25, 2005; [2] ETSC; 2011; [3] national sources Public Campaigns Table 10: Public campaigns in Iceland, compared to the situation in the EU countries Most common issues in EU Campaigns in Iceland (% of countries) Organisation: - The Road Traffic Directorate - Municipalities - Insurance companies Main themes: - speeding - drink-driving Drink-driving (96%) - seat-belts Speeding (86%) - reduction of foreign drivers crashes Seat-belt (79%) - the Traffic Safety School called the Grundaschoolproject’ Sources: [1] SUPREME, 2005; [2] ETSC, 2011; [3] national sources - 6 - Road Safety Country Overview – Iceland Vehicles and technology (national developments) Table 11: Developments of vehicles and technology in Iceland,
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