MOUNTAIN P€OPL€ saved. The people—more than 6000 land­ Cataloochee is an area in the eastern section located—mark the final resting places of owners—left the park. Behind them there of the park which once supported a HISTORY WH€R€ mountain people. Seasons pass and the MOUNTAIN in Great Smoky Mountains National Park remained many farm buildings, mills and population of 1200 and contained several marks of man disappear under autumn leaves churches, some of which have since been small settlements and some thriving farms. YOU FIND IT or hide behind spring growth. Discovery Man has occupied these mountains since maintained and utilized by the National Park Today, only the churches, a school, and a The historical structures and areas becomes more difficult, but there is still prehistoric times, but it is only within the Service to interpret Southern Appalachian few houses and barns remain. A paved road maintained and interpreted by the National evidence of history on the land. PGOPL€ past century that human activities have Park Service survive many others now being culture. This folder is a guide to historical leads through part of the valley of profoundly affected the natural course of areas in the Great Smokies, including those Cataloochee Creek, but access to the area is reclaimed by nature throughout the park. FOR FURTH€R events here. When the first white settlers where park personnel demonstrate some of only by a rough, winding unpaved road. Look closely when you are hiking. Hidden in reached the Great Smoky Mountains in the the activities of mountain people in the the woods are old sunken roadbeds, railroad INFORMATION grades, stone walls, chimneys, and even a late 1700s they found themselves in the land "Living History" program. Cades Cove contains more pioneer structures Publications about the mountain people are of the Cherokee Indians. The tribe, one of the than any other location in the park. Before few decaying buildings. Growing around A map (reverse) indicates the locations of the sold at the Sugarlands, Cades Cove, and most culturally advanced on the continent, the park was established, the area was cabin sites are some of the flowers and trees following historical areas . . . Oconaluftee visitor centers. had permanent towns, cultivated croplands, extensively cultivated. Today, farming is still brought here by settlers who wanted to make life a little brighter and more liveable. and networks of trails leading to all parts of permitted there to help maintain the Interpretive Programs provide introductions Pioneer Farmstead at Oconaluftee offers Daffodils, rambler roses, boxwoods, yuccas, their territory. By the 1830s the Cherokees historical scene. Pastures, cattle, and hay to local history. Schedules of these programs visitors the opportunity to walk through a walnut and apple trees still survive in the had adopted the ways of the whites to the combine with old buildings and open vistas are posted on campground and visitor center Southern Appalachian farm where, from May extent of developing a written language, to give the cove a pleasing rural aspect. remote valleys as living reminders of past bulletin boards, and are listed in the park thru October, park personnel demonstrate the printing their own newspaper, and utilizing generations. Where once there were fields newspaper. the white man's agriculture and architecture. way of life of earlier years. Children will Exhibits explain the history of many and gardens, second-growth forest now especially enjoy seeing the farm animals structures, self-guiding trails interpret the covers the land, but watch for old trees- Nevertheless most of them were forcibly For your safety removed in the 1830s. The few who remained which are allowed to roam freely within the natural scene, and park personnel many of them were left for a purpose, large • stay away from millwheels and are the ancestors of the Cherokees living confines of the farmyard. demonstrate pioneer activities at the Cable old oaks among youthful yellow-poplars or machinery near the park today. Mill on a seasonal basis. Deer and turkey are pines may have once shaded a house or • enjoy the farm animals at a distance A self-guiding booklet, found in the cove and woodchucks barn, or served as a boundary tree. available at the farmstead, (groundhogs) are often seen near the road. Cemeteries—about 65 of them can still be • stay on trails details the life of this farm and • closely control your children explains the uses to which various buildings and tools were put.

C>D CD O O O J CD CD •a CD CD Great Smoky Mountains O o J National Park CO I CD O r n I CD O LL. 5 4> CD o C Q. o h- CL CD CD

CD CD > C c o CD u > O O s J — oCD 1 .:: Whites began settling in these mountains in U J 3 the late 1700s. At first, living was primitive, JZ 1. u z but by the 1900s there was Ittle difference c 1 Q- between the mountain people and their CD CD contemporaries living in rural areas beyond >•; the mountains. Earlier settlers had lived off E the land by hunting the animals, utilizing the ! CL timber for buildings and fences, and growing food and pasturing animals in the clearings. Mingus Mill is an excellent example of a As the decades passed, many areas that had gristmill powered by a water turbine. Open once been forest became fields and pastures. May thru October, it presents the flavor of People farmed, attended church, and milling, and provides an opportunity to learn maintained community ties in a typically how waterpower was harnessed for the rural fashion. production of cornmeal and flour. The miller Administration will be glad to answer questions. The agricultural pattern of life in the Great Great Smoky Mountains National Park is Smoky Mountains changed with the arrival of Noah "Bud" Ogle Place, located on the lumbering in the early 1900s. Within twenty administered by the National Park Service, Cherokee Orchard Road 3 miles south of o E 2 U.S. Department of the Interior. A super­ years, the largely self-sufficient economy of CD Gatlinburg via the Airport Road, is a typical E c intendent, whose address is Gatlinburg, the people here was almost replaced, by a CD pioneer structure. On a self-guiding nature O E TN 37738. is in immediate charge. dependence on manufactured items, store- sz a trail through second-growth forest near the .c bought food, and cash. At the same time, O O) in cabin, the story of the pioneers and the O) O co This folder is published by the Great Smoky loggers were rapidly cutting the great C forest is interpreted in a short folder. o £>« Mountains Natural History Association, a primeval forests that remained on these m C O nonprofit organization cooperating with the mountains. Unless the course of events could N E Roaring Fork Motor Nature Trail begins just A winding 11-mile road takes you through the QJ 0J National Park Service in the interpretive be quickly changed, there would be little left 0- a beyond the Noah "Bud" Ogle Place and cove at a leisurely pace and a self guiding X t programs of Great Smoky Mountains of the uniqueness which characterized the takes you on a 5-mile winding drive through auto tour booklet interprets the various National Park. The association offers at region. forest and past pioneer structures. The story cabins, houses, churches, and the Cable Mill nominal cost publications intended to Intervention came when Great Smoky of the forest and man's encounter with it are area. The tour road is excellent for bicycling develop a broad public understanding of park Mountains National Park was established in told in a self-guiding booklet available at the and those who decide not to go the whole geology, ecology, natural and human history, 1934. The forest—at least the 40% that trail entrance. This road is open from mid- distance may shortcut across the cove floor and resource management. remained uncut within park boundaries—was April thru mid-November. by using Sparks or Hyatt Lanes. MOUNTAIN P€OPL€ A guide to the places where they lived, worked and worshipped in Great Smoky Mountains National Park

Living History Programs Reenacted aspects of pioneer life are presented seasonally at these locations: 1) Pioneer Farmstead 2) Mingus Mill 6) Cades Cove (Cable Mill area)

Historic buildings maintained by the National Park Service: 1) Pioneer Farmstead 2) Mingus Mill 3) Noah "Bud" Ogle Place Self Guiding Trail 4) Roaring Fork Motor Nature Trail 5) Cataloochee 6) Cades Cove 7) Little Greenbrier School