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Midway Station, Wissler Run Midway Station, Wissler Run F i s h i ng Cr e e k Martic Township Drumore Township NIS FUR S RD FU RN ISS RD D E R N DAL RIVER RD GLE n u r R ssle Wi PARK DR F E R N G L E S N U S D Q R U E H A N N O R C IV K E R D V R UE ek D re R C N ng Fishi H A R M O N R Y RI DGE D Lancaster County Natural Heritage Inventory Update 2008 Legend Susquehanna River Species of concern core habitat Natural Heritage Area Roads RD Supporting Landscape PA Turnpike W YORK O LL Streams All other roads O H PEACH BOTTOM N Riparian Buffer Municipal Boundary O T N E Miles B 0 0.25 0.5 1 Midway Station, Wissler Run Midway Station, Wissler Run – High significance PNHP Rank1 State Last Observed Species of Concern: Quality2 Global State Status1 (y-m-d) Plants: Bradley’s spleenwort (Asplenium bradleyi) G4 S1 PE 1995-10-30 BC Lobed spleenwort (Asplenium pinnatifidum) G4 S3 PR 1995-10-30 D American holly (Ilex opaca) G5 S2 PT 1995-10-30 D Cranefly orchid (Tipularia discolor) G4G5 S3 PR 2006-04-25 B 1 Please refer to Appendix IV for an explanation of PNHP ranks and legal status 2 Please refer to Appendix V for an explanation of quality ranks Location: o Municipalities: o Drumore township o USGS Quadrangles: o Holtwood Quadrangle o 1990 Lancaster County Natural Areas Inventory reference: o “Susquehannock State Park: SP564” – (Holtwood Quadrangle) Species of Concern Considerations: Plants: o Bradley’s spleenwort is a fern of very limited distribution in Pennsylvania. Rock outcrops along the river-facing slopes provide habitat for Bradley’s spleenwort at this location. Portions of the population occur on outcrops directly adjacent to the railroad rights-of-way. Indiscriminate herbicide use along the railroad has eliminated portions of this population in the past few years. Rock outcroppings along this section of the track should be posted as “no spray” zones and vegetation managed by mechanical means only, with the presence of the species of concern always a consideration. Removal of the forested canopy around rock outcrops could alter the microhabitat conditions that the fern presently benefits from; therefore, logging operations should not occur within the core habitat for this species. All of the currently known populations of this plant in PA occur on rock outcrops along the Susquehanna River or other scattered locations in Lancaster County. Since all of this plant’s limited occurrences in PA are in Lancaster County, the County has a proportionally large responsibility for its continued existence in the state. The exact location of this species at all locations in the county should be limited to authorized researchers to avoid its extirpation by unauthorized collection. There are numerous outcrops in this area that should be considered potential habitat for this species. Additional surveys are recommended to more accurately determine the current extent of this species. o The lobed spleenwort is a small fern that grows on dry shaded cliffs and rock outcrops, particularly on sandstone and schist. There are numerous lightly shaded rock outcrops along the Susquehanna River that potentially support additional populations of this species. The viability of existing populations and its rock outcrop habitat may be enhanced by establishing a surrounding buffer of forest. Removal of the forested canopy around rock outcrops could alter the microhabitat conditions that the fern presently benefits from; therefore, logging operations should not occur within the core habitat for this species. A “no spray” zone should be established near all rock outcrops along this section of the railroad rights-of-way. Additional surveys are recommended to more accurately determine the current extent of this species. 377 Midway Station, Wissler Run o A few scattered American holly trees of varying age occur within this area. Populations of holly in the lower Susquehanna ravines are some of the few to be considered native to the state, and not the result of cultivation, or naturalized from cultivated specimens. Collecting for holiday greens may be the biggest threat for this species at this location. o The cranefly orchid is a plant of moist, rich forests. It is usually found individually, with few other specimens in the area. It can be easily overlooked due to its small size and individual nature. The entire rich, moist, forest environment should be considered potential habitat for this plant. Maintain the native forest canopy and encourage native tree and shrub recruitment into the understory to continue to provide sufficient available habitat for this species. Forest Cover / Natural Communities: The plant community types depicted are only approximations delineated from 2005 aerial photography interpretation and were followed up with minimal selective ground-truthing. Community types follow “Terrestrial & Palustrine Plant Communities of Pennsylvania” (Fike 1999) where appropriate, and describe general land cover types where they are not (*). o The entire species of concern core habitat has a continuous forest canopy, while approximately 45% of the supporting landscape is forested. The Natural Heritage Area includes two large interior forest patches that are separated by an access road and the building infrastructure of Susquehannock State Park. The area is dominated by dry oak-heath forest with smaller patches of other natural community types scattered as topography, sunlight and available moisture dictate including: o Terrestrial (upland) communities: o Hemlock-tuliptree-birch forest o Tuliptree-beech-maple forest o Dry oak-mixed hardwood forest o Dry oak-heath forest o modified successional forest* Ownership: o Approximately 230 acres, or 32%, of the Natural Heritage Area is under management of Susquehannock State Park. o The Exelon Corporation owns approximately 20% of the Natural Heritage Area, part of the Muddy Run Reservoir area west of Wissler Run. o The Lancaster County Conservancy owns approximately 19 acres, or 13% of the Natural Heritage Area. o Norfolk Southern Railroad Corporation owns a rights-of-way along the banks of the Susquehanna River. o Most of the remaining area of the Natural Heritage Area is owned by a few large landowners maintained as active agricultural fields. o There is a cluster of smaller residential lots along Rivervue Drive. Ownership fragmentation diminishes the future prospects for preservation of large landscape scale features. Habitat Disturbances: o Historic – o Aerial photographs from 1940 show that agricultural fields existed up to the edge of the bluffs overlooking the Susquehanna River as they do today. The areas of steepest slope were wooded, while all readily tillable land was in agriculture, which continues to be the situation at this location. The railroad was already along the river shoreline by 1940. o Current – o Since 1940, the Muddy Run Reservoir was constructed on the northern border of this Natural Heritage Area, flooding Muddy Run. Supporting infrastructure for the pumping station added access roads and buildings along Wissler Run and the shore of the 378 Midway Station, Wissler Run Susquehanna River. The access road to the riverside pumping station has spoiled the formerly undisturbed character of Wissler Run and fragmented the large interior forest block that occurred here. o The railroad along the Susquehanna shoreline impedes animal movement from the river to the uplands and visa versa, especially for small animals like turtles and salamanders that would consider the railroad an insurmountable obstacle. o Herbicide use for vegetation management along the railroad has resulted in the decimation of a portion of this population of Bradley’s spleenwort. o Overbrowsing by white-tailed deer is a serious threat to the overall understory plant diversity. An overabundance of deer can create the effect of park-like forests in which the understory and vertical stratification is greatly reduced. Removal of understory species eliminates habitat for some nesting songbirds as well as increases competition between deer and other wildlife due to reduced food sources. Furthermore, deer prefer higher quality food leaving poorer, less diverse species to mature and dominant the overstory. o Exotic Species – o Notes from past field surveys of the area do not indicate many invasive species of plants at this location, though Japanese honeysuckle was considered well established. In all likelihood, invasive species dominate the borders of the railroad rights-of-way along the river shoreline as well as the transition zones between forested and agricultural habitats. Invasive species control efforts at this location should concentrate on maintaining weed free conditions where they exist and eliminating pioneer populations of invasive species in newly invaded habitats, effectively enlarging the weed-free habitat. Conservation Actions: Overall: • The primary conservation concern for this area should be to focus on preserving the forested connections along the Susquehanna River ravines while safeguarding the habitat for the two rock outcrop dwelling fern species, Bradley’s spleenwort and lobed spleenwort. The rock outcrops along the railroad in this area should be established as “no spray” zones and vegetation management conducted with the knowledge of native plants in the immediate vicinity. • In addition, conservation efforts should focus on safeguarding the quality and expanse of the forested landscape of the area. While providing the primary habitat for the populations of species of concern, the forested landscape also helps to protect water quality of the small streams that drain through this Natural Heritage Area into the Susquehanna River and provides refuge and habitat for other forest dependent species. Prevent fragmentation and incursions into the forested landscape. Suppress the establishment and spread of invasive species of plants. Encourage the regeneration of native trees, shrubs and herbaceous layers. The forest cover should be allowed to achieve old-growth characteristics. Within the Core Habitat: • Provide for the long-term protection of the core habitat.
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