Hudson Maxim photographs 1996.312
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Audiovisual Collections PO Box 3630 Wilmington, Delaware 19807 [email protected] URL: http://www.hagley.org/library Hudson Maxim photographs 1996.312
Table of Contents
Summary Information ...... 3 Biographical Note ...... 3 Scope and Content ...... 5 Organization of the Collection ...... 5 Administrative Information ...... 5 Related Materials ...... 6 Controlled Access Headings ...... 6 Collection Inventory ...... 7 Laboratories and ranges ...... 7 Hudson Maxim and family ...... 8 Friends and associates ...... 10 Homes ...... 14 Automobiles ...... 15 Sound recordings ...... 16 Publications ...... 16 Various material ...... 16
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Summary Information
Repository: Audiovisual Collections Creator: Maxim, Hudson, 1853-1927 Title: Hudson Maxim photographs ID: 1996.312 Date [inclusive]: circa 1890-1925 Physical Description: 2.5 Linear Feet General Physical 102 photographic prints ; 11 x 14 in. or smaller. 10 photographic Description note: prints : cabinet photographs ; 6.5 x 4.25 in. 8 photographic prints : cartes de visite ; 4 x 2.5 in. 3 items : silhouettes ; 35 x 26.5 cm. or smaller. 1 album (5 photographic prints) ; 32 x 44 cm. 2 items. Language of the English . Material: Abstract: Hudson Maxim (1853-1927) was an inventor and chemist best known for his work in the development of smokeless gunpowder and military explosives. The collection consists primarily of photographs, many of which are portraits, of Hudson Maxim and his family, friends, and associates.
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Biographical Note
Hudson Maxim (1853-1927) was an inventor and chemist best known for his work in the development of smokeless gunpowder and military explosives. He was born in Orneville, Maine on February 3, 1853, to Isaac Weston Maxim (1814–1883) and Harriet Boston Stevens (1815–1901). He was the sixth of eight children in a poor, but mechanically gifted family that also included his eldest brother, the inventor Hiram Stevens Maxim (1840-1916).
Hudson's first career consisted of a brief, failed attempt as a traveling medical lecturer and patent medicine salesman peddling 'Maxim's Lightning Cure' panacea, produced in partnership with Alden W. Knowles (1853-1904), a childhood classmate. In 1881, he and Knowles abandoned this effort to form the small firm of Knowles & Maxim, a publishing and ink manufacturing enterprise based out of Pittsfield, Massachusetts. On January 19, 1885, Hudson married his first wife, Pittsfield resident and school teacher Jane A. Morrow (1862-1920).
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By 1886, the partnership of Knowles & Maxim had dissolved, though Hudson continued the work as the sole proprietor of the Real Pen Work Publishing Company. In June 1888, however, Hudson Maxim left the United States for London to work for Hiram Maxim. Beginning in the early 1880s, Hiram had begun conducting research that would lead to the invention of the Maxim gun, the first truly efficient automatic machine gun. While working for Hiram, Hudson began his own career as a chemist and inventor, with both brothers working toward the goal of improving existing formulas for smokeless gunpowder. In 1888, Hiram Maxim took over the Swedish inventor and industrialist Thorsten Nordenfelt's (1842-1920) Nordenfelt Guns and Ammunition Company, established the year previous, to form the Maxim-Nordenfelt Guns and Ammunition Company. Hudson was soon sent back to the United States as the new company's American representative.
Hudson continued experimenting on his own with explosives, securing his first patent in 1889. After his contract with Hiram expired in 1891, Hudson established the Columbia Powder Manufacturing Company to manufacture dynamite at a plant near Farmingdale, New Jersey. Around this same time, Jane and Hudson separated. She remained in Pittsfield, where she formally took over operations of the Real Pen Work Publishing Company and gave birth to the couple's only child, Hudson Day Maxim (1891–1971), born on May 28, 1891, a short time after their separation.
Jane and Hudson formally divorced in 1893. That same year, the Columbia Powder Manufacturing Company failed, emerging following reorganization as the Maxim Powder Company. In 1894, during an experiment into producing smokeless powder with mercury fulminate, Hudson lost his left hand in an explosion. Despite this setback, Hudson continued his experiments and received several patents between 1893 and 1895. He also became the first manufacturer to successfully produce smokeless powder in America. Hudson also returned periodically to England throughout the 1890s, where he attempted to set up companies to manufacture explosives, calcium carbide, and, at the suggestion of his nephew, Hiram Maxim's son, the inventor Hiram Percy Maxim (1869-1936), automobile engines. None of these efforts were successful. Hudson laid the blame on his brother Hiram's interference. His brother Hiram, in turn, accused Hudson of profiting off Hiram's name in the United States by using the moniker 'H. Maxim' in advertisements and on patents that Hiram believed he deserved claim to. These disputes would result in a permanent rift between the brothers.
On March 26, 1896, Hudson remarried. His new wife was the much younger Lillian Durban (1875-1952), a scholar and linguist from London. In 1897, Hudson sold his most important patents to E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Company. As part of the exchange, the company established a laboratory and summer home for him at Lake Hopatcong, New Jersey. Maxim continued to produce inventions relating to explosives, ordnance, and torpedoes through the 1910s, but he also wandered down many blind alleys, including Maxim-feast, a soybean-based food supplement, and the Game of War, a supposed "improvement" on chess. He also expanded on a second career, begun in the late 1890s, as a public speaker and inveterate writer of magazine articles and letters to the editor, freely venting his opinions on poetry and language as well as invention, progress, and public affairs. Beginning in 1914, he vociferously argued for American rearmament against a wide array of Progressive-era pacifists and took up work for the Naval Consulting Board. After the war, he concentrated on the development of the Lake Hopatcong area and on local affairs.
Maxim also helped organize the Maxim Munitions Corporation in 1915, hoping that it would assume the promotional burdens while he concentrated on inventing, but he soon withdrew when its managers tied his name to a scheme to turn water into gasoline. After the war, he concentrated on the development of
- Page 4- Hudson Maxim photographs 1996.312 the Lake Hopatcong area and on local affairs. Hudson Maxim died on May 6, 1927. His widow continued to live in their home in Hopatcong until her remarriage to law professor Michael Francis Dee (1874- 1953) in 1932.
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Scope and Content
The collection consists primarily of photographs, many of which are portraits, of Hudson Maxim and his family, friends, and associates. The photographs also include views of his homes, his automobiles, the Maxim gun invented by his brother Hiram, Hudson experimenting in a laboratory, and Hudson playing the "Game of War" with Frank Marshall, chess master. In addition, the collection includes an album of five photographs of the interior of a home, probably Maxim's. Miscellaneous material includes a copy of Gray's "aero-view" map of the Panama Canal (1913), with a poem written by Hudson Maxim; 8 small cartes de visite portraits of famous poets, writers, and artists such as Sir Joshua Reynolds and Longfellow; and a religious picture.
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Organization of the Collection
This collection is organized into series: • I., Laboratories and ranges, circa 1894-1900 • II., Hudson Maxim and family, circa 1892-1915 • III., Friends and associates, circa 1897-1922 • IV., Homes, circa 1904-1927 • V., Automobiles, circa 1910-1920 • VI., Various materials, circa 1890-1915
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Administrative Information
Publication Statement Audiovisual Collections
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PO Box 3630 Wilmington, Delaware 19807 [email protected] URL: http://www.hagley.org/library
Access to Collection Collection is open for research; access requires at least 24 hours advance notice.
Existence and Location of Copies View selected items online in Hagley Digital Archives.
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Related Materials
Related Material Hudson Maxim papers (Accession 0509), Manuscripts and Archives Department, Hagley Museum and Library.
Hudson Maxim Papers (Accession 2147), Manuscripts and Archives Department, Hagley Museum and Library.
Hudson Maxim Papers (Accession 2154), Manuscripts and Archives Department, Hagley Museum and Library.
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Controlled Access Headings
• Maxim gun • Inventors • Hopatcong (N.J.) • Firearms • Dee, Lillian (Durban) • Maxim family
- Page 6- Hudson Maxim photographs 1996.312 • Naval Consulting Board of the United States
Collection Inventory
Laboratories and ranges, circa 1885-1901 Title/Description Instances Early model Maxim gun, circa 1885 box 1 folder 1 Scope and Content
Possible gun test at Sandy Hook with an early model Maxim gun, Maxim-Nordenfelt Gun Company.
People with Maxim gun, undated box 1 folder 1 Scope and Content
Possibly taken during a March 1888 exhibition of the Maxim gun at Sandy Hook, New Jersey. If that is the case, the woman seated behind the gun may be Hudson Maxim's first wife, Jane A. Morrow (1862-1920), who is reported to have tested the gun on this occasion.
Hiram Maxim with Maxim gun, undated box 1 folder 1 Scope and Content
Possibly taken during a March 1888 exhibition of the Maxim gun at Sandy Hook, New Jersey.
Experiments with black powder, after 1894 box 1 folder 1 Scope and Content
Hudson Maxim igniting and experimenting with black powder in his laboratory. Photographs are undated, but appear to be after the 1894 explosion in which Maxim lost a hand.
Breech mechanism, circa 1900 box 1 folder 1 Scope and Content
Undated photograph of the breech mechanism of Sims- Dudley powder pneumatic gun. The Sims-Dudley dynamite gun was an experimental breechloading artillery piece that used compressed air, created by a small black powder charge, to launch an explosive projectile. This class of guns, known as 'dynamite guns' were in use for a brief period from the 1880s to the beginning of the twentieth century.
Maxim aerial torpedo gun sketch, undated - Page 7- Hudson Maxim photographs 1996.312
Scope and Content box 1 folder 1
Torpedo gun used to fire 24-inch aerial torpedos loaded with Maximite, an explosive powder developed by Hudson Maxim around 1893. Possibly made around the time of testing for the U.S. Ordnance Board at the proving grounds at Sandy Hook, New Jersey around 1901.
Maximite testing, undated box 1 folder 1 Scope and Content
Testing of a torpedo gun used to fire 24-inch aerial torpedos loaded with Maximite, an explosive powder developed by Hudson Maxim around 1893. Possibly taken during testing for the U.S. Ordnance Board at the proving grounds at Sandy Hook, New Jersey around 1901.
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Hudson Maxim and family, circa 1892-1925 Title/Description Instances Hudson Day Maxim, circa 1892 box 1 folder 4 Scope and Contents
Hudson Day Maxim, son of Hudson and his first wife, Jenny A. Morrow (1862-1920). Hudson and Jenny married on January 19, 1885 in Pittsfield, Massachusetts.
Hudson Day Maxim, circa 1893 box 1 folder 4 Scope and Content
Hudson Day Maxim, son of Hudson and his first wife, Jenny A. Morrow (1862-1920). Hudson and Jenny married on January 19, 1885 in Pittsfield, Massachusetts.
Hudson Maxim portraits, after 1894 box 1 folder 3 Scope and Content
Photographs are undated, but all or most appear to be after the 1894 explosion in which Maxim lost a hand.
Hudson Maxim portrait, after 1894 box 2 folder 3
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Scope and Content
Photograph is undated, but appears to be after the 1894 explosion in which Maxim lost a hand.
Hudson Maxim portrait, after 1894 box 2 folder 2 Scope and Content
Photograph is undated, but appears to be after the 1894 explosion in which Maxim lost a hand.
Hudson Maxim portrait, after 1894 box 2 folder 3 Scope and Content
Photograph is undated, but appears to be after the 1894 explosion in which Maxim lost a hand.
Hudson Maxim portrait box 2 folder 3
Lillian Durban Maxim portrait, after 1896 box 1 folder 3 Scope and Content
Lillian Maxim (nee Durban), the second wife of Hudson Maxim. Lillian and Hudson married in 1896.
Lillian Durban Maxim portraits, after 1896 box 1 folder 3 Scope and Content
Lillian Maxim (nee Durban), the second wife of Hudson Maxim. Lillian and Hudson married in 1896.
Maxim family group portraits, undated box 1 folder 4
Reverend William and Mary Ann Lang Durban, after 1896 box 2 folder 2 Scope and Content
Parents of Lillian Maxim (nee Durban), the second wife of Hudson Maxim. Lillian and Hudson married in 1896.
Hudson Maxim with Reverend William and Mary Ann Lang box 2 folder 2 Durban, after 1896 Scope and Content
Hudson Maxim with the parents of Lillian Maxim (nee Durban), the second wife of Hudson Maxim, and an unidentified man, possibly William Lang Durban, Lillian's brother. Lillian and Hudson married in 1896.
Hudson Maxim portrait, 1908 box 2 folder 3
Hudson Maxim portraits, undated box 1 folder 2
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Lillian Durban Maxim portraits, after 1896 box 1 folder 2 Scope and Content
Lillian Maxim (nee Durban), the second wife of Hudson Maxim. Lillian and Hudson married in 1896.
Hudson and Lillian Durban Maxim, after 1904 box 2 folder 4 Scope and Content
Lillian Maxim (nee Durban), the second wife of Hudson Maxim. Lillian and Hudson married in 1896. Photograph taken on the porch of of their home in Hopatcong, New Jersey, on Hopatcong Lake, constructed in 1904.
Hudson Maxim portrait, after 1889 box 2 folder 3 Scope and Content
Photograph is undated. Parker Studio founded in 1889, renamed Parker Brothers Photographic Studio Company in 1898.
Hudson Maxim portrait, after 1905 box 2 folder 3 Scope and Content
Photograph is undated. Harris & Ewing photo studio opened in 1905.
Hudson and Hiram Percy Maxim, after 1894 box 2 folder 11 Scope and Content
Photograph of Hudson Maxim and his nephew, Hiram Percy Maxim, inventor of the silencer, on Hudson Maxim's tennis court at his home at 698 St. Marks Avenue, Brooklyn, New York City. Photograph is undated.
Hudson Maxim portrait, 1925 October box 1 folder 3
Various family photographs, undated box 1 folder 4 Scope and Content
A number of these images appear to have been taken on the grounds of Maxim Park (also known as Maximhurst), Hudson Maxim's home in Hopatcong, New Jersey, on Hopatcong Lake, constructed in 1904.
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Friends and associates, circa 1890-1922
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Title/Description Instances John Henry Patterson, undated box 2 folder 5 Scope and Content
John Henry Patterson, founder of the National Cash Register Company. Inscription reads: head of Moundbuilders [seaport?], 'Signal Point' at Dayton Ohio, overlooking Home of Wilbur and Orville Wright.
Miller Reese Hutchison, circa 1897 box 1 folder 5
Henry Irving Dodge, undated box 1 folder 5
Herbert Spencer(?), undated box 1 folder 5 Scope and Content
Portrait tentatively identified as Herbert Spencer.
Capt. John W. Collins, 1902 May 5 box 1 folder 5 Scope and Content
Engineer-in-chief and captain of engineers of the United States revenue cutter service.
Edwin Markham, 1903 June 7 box 2 folder 5
Hudson Maxim and Thomas Edison, undated box 1 folder 4
Elmer E. Rittenhouse, undated box 1 folder 6 Scope and Content
Elmer E. Rittenhouse, president of the Life Extension Institute in New York City. Appears to have been photographed by the studio of Napoleon Sarony (1821-1896) or his son Otto Sarony (1850–1903).
Maj. William Joseph Hammer, 1910 box 2 folder 5 Scope and Content
Maj. William Joseph Hammer was a laboratory assistant to Thomas Edison, electrical engineer, and aviator.
Bust by J. Kratina, circa 1912 box 1 folder 6
Freddie Welsh, circa 1914 box 1 folder 5
Edwin Markham, undated box 1 folder 5
Family portrait, undated box 1 folder 6
George H. Johnson, undated box 1 folder 6
War rally, circa 1916 box 2 folder 3
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Scope and Content
Hudson Maxim marches with Thomas Edison and other members of the Naval Consulting Board at a New York City Preparedness Parade at Washington Square Park for the war effort.
Richard Lynch Garner, 1916 box 1 folder 5
Willard Parker, 1925 box 1 folder 5
Dolores Mitrovich, undated box 1 folder 5
Radiophone, circa 1910 February 24 box 2 folder 9 Scope and Content
Hudson Maxim with Lee de Forest and Mariette Mazarin of the Manhattan Opera Company, presumably near or on the date of a February 24, 1910 radiophone test broadcast.
Roy Norton, 1912 November 1 box 1 folder 5
Levitt Ellsworth Custer, 1912 December 22 box 1 folder 6 Scope and Content
Ohio dentist Levitt Ellsworth Custer.
Francis Hatch Kimball, 1913 September 27 box 1 folder 5
H. Francis Dyruff, 1914 September 4 box 1 folder 6
New York City Preparedness Parade, 1916 May 13 box 2 folder 6 Scope and Content
Hudson Maxim (second row, center) marches with Thomas Edison (front row, second from right) and other members of the Naval Consulting Board at a New York City Preparedness Parade at Washington Square Park for the war effort.
New York City Preparedness Parade, 1916 May 13 box 1 folder 2 Scope and Content
Hudson Maxim and Thomas Edison, representing the Naval Consulting Board at a New York City Preparedness Parade at Washington Square Park for the war effort.
William Conant Church, 1917 February 22 box 2 folder 5
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Scope and Content
William Conant Church was an American journalist, soldier, and, in 1871 and 1872, the co-founder and then the second president of the National Rifle Association.
Arvid Reuterdahl, 1921 September 21 box 1 folder 5
Unidentified man, 1905 May box 1 folder 5 Scope and Content
Unidentified man with artillery insignia on cap.
Game of War, 1910 February box 2 folder 10 Scope and Content
Hudson Maxim and Frank J. Marshall, 1909-1936 U.S. Chess Champion, playing Game of War, a chess-like game invented by Maxim.
Sir Eden Erskine Greville silhouettes, 1911 June box 2 folder 1 Scope and Content
Silhouette portrait created by Philadelphia artist Kate P. Parker, mother of silhouette artist Helen Montanverde Parker (1885–1975).
Hudson Maxim silhouette, 1911 June box 2 folder 1 Scope and Content
Silhouette portrait created by Philadelphia artist Helen Montanverde Parker, daughter of silhouette artist Kate F. Parker (1858-1928).
Camp Rye, Nashville, 1916 August box 2 folder 12 Scope and Content
Hudson and Lillian Durban Maxim with staff and publisher of the Nashville Tennessean and American.
Chamber of Commerce Banquet, 1916 December box 1 folder 4
James D. Law, 1922 December box 1 folder 5 Scope and Content
James D. Law, scholar of Robert Burns and inventor, at his home, 'Clovernook' in the Roxborough neighborhood of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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Homes, circa 1904-1927 Title/Description Instances Rowboat on Lake Hopatcong, after 1904 box 1 folder 7 Scope and Content
Hudson and Lillian Durban Maxim in a rowboat off the boathouse at Maxim Park (also known as Maximhurst), Hudson Maxim's home in Hopatcong, New Jersey, constructed in 1904.
Maxim Park boat house and pier, after 1904 box 1 folder 7 Scope and Content
Venetian-style boat house and pier built at Maxim Park (also known as Maximhurst), Hudson Maxim's home in Hopatcong, New Jersey, constructed in 1904. His home can be seen in the upper left background. The grounds included the boat house, which had three floors and stone fireplaces, a laboratory, tennis courts, a combination observatory/ice house, a main home, and several guest houses.
Maxim Park panorama, after 1904 box 1 folder 7 Scope and Content
Panorama view of the structures and grounds of Maxim Park (also known as Maximhurst), Hudson Maxim's home in Hopatcong, New Jersey, constructed in 1904. The grounds included a Venetian style boat house with three floors and stone fireplaces, a laboratory, tennis courts, a combination observatory/ice house, a main home, and several guest houses.
Maxim Park home and grounds, after 1904 box 1 folder 7 Scope and Content
Views of the structures and grounds of Maxim Park (also known as Maximhurst), Hudson Maxim's home in Hopatcong, New Jersey, constructed in 1904. The grounds included a Venetian style boat house with three floors and stone fireplaces, a laboratory, tennis courts, a combination observatory/ice house, a main home, and several guest houses.
View of Lake Hopatcong from Maxim Park grounds, after 1904 box 2 folder 4 Scope and Content
View from the grounds of Maxim Park (also known as Maximhurst), Hudson Maxim's home in Hopatcong, New Jersey, constructed in 1904. The grounds included a Venetian style boat house with three floors and stone fireplaces, a laboratory, tennis courts, a combination - Page 14- Hudson Maxim photographs 1996.312
observatory/ice house, a main home, and several guest houses.
Maxim Park grounds, after 1904 box 2 folder 4 Scope and Content
View from the grounds of Maxim Park (also known as Maximhurst), Hudson Maxim's home in Hopatcong, New Jersey, constructed in 1904. The grounds included a Venetian style boat house with three floors and stone fireplaces, a laboratory, tennis courts, a combination observatory/ice house, a main home, and several guest houses.
Photograph album, after 1896 box 3 folder 4 Scope and Content
Album with five photographs of the interior of a home, probably Hudson and Lillian Maxim's home at 698 St. Marks Avenue, Brooklyn, New York City.
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Automobiles, circa 1910-1920 Title/Description Instances Hudson Maxim with 1910 Model H Franklin, after 1910 box 2 folder 7
Group photographs in 1910 Model H Franklin, after 1904 box 2 folder 7 Scope and Content
A number of these images appear to have been taken on the grounds of Maxim Park (also known as Maximhurst), Hudson Maxim's home in Hopatcong, New Jersey, on Hopatcong Lake, constructed in 1904. The grounds of Maximhurst included a Venetian style boat house with three floors and stone fireplaces, a laboratory, tennis courts, a combination observatory/ice house, a main home, and several guest houses.
Hudson and Lillian in 1910 Model H Franklin, after 1910 box 2 folder 7 Scope and Content
Photograph is undated, estimated date is uncertain. This appears to be a photograph of Hudson and Lillian Durban Maxim. It is possible that the young man in the driver's seat is Hudson Day Maxim, son of Hudson and his first wife, Jenny A. Morrow (1862-1920).
Hudson and Lillian Durban Maxim in automobile, undated box 2 folder 8
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Accident recreation, circa 1909 August 3 box 2 folder 7 Scope and Content
Photographs regarding an August 3, 1909 automobile accident that involved Hudson and Lillian Maxim, their passengers, neighbors Dwight B. and Eugenia Smith, and pedestrian Joseph Fornier.
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Sound recordings, circa 1907-1916 Title/Description Instances The Charge of the Light Brigade, Lewis Waller, circa 1907 box 1 folder 12
The Charge of the Light Brigade, Hudson Maxim, 1916 May 13 box 1 folder 12
Barbara Frietchie (Whittier), Hudson Maxim, 1916 May 13 box 1 folder 12
The Charge of the Light Brigade, Edgar L. Davenport, 1913 box 1 folder 12 March 13
Marc Antony to Caesar's Body, Hudson Maxim, 1916 May 13 box 1 folder 12
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Publications, circa 1918-1925 Title/Description Instances Motor Life, 1918 November box 3 folder 1 Scope and Content
Magazine issue containing an article by Hudson Maxim, 'Motor Fuel of the Future', page 19.
The Saturday Evening Post, 1925 March 28 box 3 folder 2 Scope and Content
Advertisement for Elgin watches featuring Hudson Maxim, page 63.
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Various material, circa 1890-1927 Title/Description Instances Cartes de visite portraits, undated - Page 16- Hudson Maxim photographs 1996.312
box 1 folder 8
Unidentified portrait of an old woman, undated box 1 folder 11
Silk flags, after 1918 box 3 folder 3 Scope and Content
Three silk cloths printed with the flags of the nations involved in World War I. Two of the three cloths have the following statement written on them: 'Flags of the victorious nations in the war to make the world safe for democracy.' All are too fragile to handle safely.
Naval Research Laboratory, drawing, circa 1922 box 1 folder 10
Naval Research Laboratory, aerial view, 1922 October box 1 folder 10
El Palacio National de Mexico, undated box 1 folder 9
Gray's aero-view map of the Panama Canal, 1913 box 1 folder 9 Scope and Content
Item includes a poem written by Hudson Maxim.
Faith of our Fathers religious painting, undated box 1 folder 9
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