DOCSLIB.ORG

Muscogee (Creek) Nation Supreme Court

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Muscogee (Creek) Nation Supreme Court MUSCOGEE (CREEK) NATION CODE ANNOTATED TITLE 7. CITIZENSHIP/CENSUS TVSEKVYV/AHONKVTKEPE Chapter Section 1. TITLE, FINDINGS, DEFINITIONS. TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT 1–101 2. CITIZENSHIP BOARD.TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT 2–101 3. ESTABLISHMENT OF CITIZENSHIP ROLL. TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT 3–101 4. ENROLLMENT PROCESS. TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT 4–101 5. MAINTENANCE OF ROLL. TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT 5–101 Code of Federal Regulations Enrollment appeals, see 25 CFR 62.1 et seq. Preparation of rolls of Indians, see 25 CFR 61.1 et seq. CHAPTER 1. TITLE, FINDINGS, DEFINITIONS Section 1–101. Title and codification. 1–102. Findings. 1–103. Terms defined. § 1–101. Title and codification This Law of the Muscogee (Creek) Nation shall be known and may be cited as the Muscogee (Creek) Nation Citizenship Code and shall be codified in Title 7 of the Muscogee (Creek) Nation Code of Laws. [NCA 81–06, § 101, approved Nov. 13, 1980; revised version approved Aug. 2, 1985; amended by NCA 01–135, § 101, eff. Aug. 23, 2001.] § 1–102. Findings The National Council finds that: A. Constitution supreme. The 1979 Constitution of the Muscogee (Creek) Nation (‘‘Constitution’’) shall be supreme in all matters of law relating to, arising under or in conflict with this Title, and B. Constitutional provisions. Relevant Constitutional provisions are set forth below: 1. Each Muscogee (Creek) Indian by blood shall have the opportunity for citizenship in the Muscogee (Creek) Nation. (Constitution, Article II, Section 1). 1 Title 7, § 1–102 CITIZENSHIP/CENSUS 2. The Principal Chief shall appoint, subject to majority approval of the Muscogee (Creek) National Council, a Citizenship Board comprised of five (5) citizens who shall be charged with the responsibility of the establishment and maintenance of a Citizenship Roll, showing degree of Muscogee (Creek) Indian blood based upon the final rolls prepared pursuant to the Act of April 26, 1906, (34 Stat. 137), and other evidence as prescribed by ordinance. (Constitution, Article III, Section 1). 3. Persons eligible for citizenship in the Muscogee (Creek) Nation shall consist of Muscogee (Creek) Indians by blood whose names appear on the final rolls as provided by the Act of April 26, 1906, (34 Stat. 137), and persons who are lineal descendants of those Muscogee (Creek) Indians by blood whose names appear on the final rolls as provided by the Act of April 26, 1906 (34 Stat. 137) except that an enrolled member of another Indian Tribe, Nation, Band or Pueblo shall not be eligible for citizenship in the Muscogee (Creek) Nation. (Constitution, Article III, Section 2). 4. All persons eligible for citizenship shall register as an applicant for citizenship. (Constitution, Article III, Section 3A). 5. The Citizenship Board shall certify citizenship, and the declaration of citizenship may be affirmed at any time with the name of the individual being entered on the citizenship roll, and the persons being recognized as a citizen of the Muscogee (Creek) Nation provided that: a. The person is a Muscogee (Creek) Indian by blood whose name appears on the final rolls as provided by the Act of April 26, 1906, (34 Stat. 137), or the person is a lineal descendant of the Muscogee (Creek) Indian by blood whose name appears on the final rolls as provided by the Act of April 26, 1906, (34 Stat. 137); and is not an enrolled member of another Tribe, Nation or Pueblo (Constitution, Article III, Section 3(B)(1)); and b. The person has made application to the Citizenship Board to become a citizen of the Muscogee (Creek) Nation (Constitution, Article III, Section 3(B)(2)); but c. Those persons who are Muscogee (Creek) Indian by blood whose names appear on the final rolls as provided by the Act of April 26, 1906, (34 Stat. 137) shall be automatically included as citizens of the Muscogee (Creek) Nation. (Constitution, Article III, Section 3(B)(3)). 6. Full citizens in the Muscogee (Creek) Nation shall be those persons and their lineal descendants whose blood quantum is one-quarter (1/4) or more Muscogee (Creek) Indian, hereinafter referred to as those of full citizenship. All Muscogee (Creek) Indians by blood who are less than one-quarter (1/4) Musco- gee (Creek) Indian by blood shall be considered citizens and shall have all rights and entitlements as members of the Muscogee (Creek) Nation except the right to hold office. (Constitution, Article III, Section 4). C. Enactment of this Title will enable implementation of these constitutional requirements in a fair and organized fashion. [NCA 81–06, § 102, approved Nov. 13, 1980; revised version approved Aug. 2, 1985; amended by NCA 01–135, § 102, eff. Aug. 23, 2001.] 2 TITLE, FINDINGS, DEFINITIONS Title 7, § 1–103 Library References Indians O214, 216, 222. Westlaw Topic No. 209. C.J.S. Indians §§ 32 to 35, 59, 62, 67, 180. § 1–103. Terms defined For purposes of this Title, the following terms shall be defined as follows: A. ‘‘Affirmation of enrollment’’ means the acceptance of or failure to refuse the Citizen Enrollment Card within ten (10) days of receipt by the citizen. B. ‘‘Citizen’’ means an enrolled Muscogee (Creek) Indian by blood. C. ‘‘Certification’’ means the action or decision by the Citizenship Board to place the name of an applicant upon the Citizenship Roll of the Muscogee (Creek) Nation. D. ‘‘Degree of Muscogee Indian blood’’ means the ratio, expressed as a fraction, of Muscogee (Creek) Indian blood to all other Indian and non-Indian blood of the citizen, based upon evidence supplied from the 1906 Final Roll or other rolls listed in this title, and determined by averaging the degree of Muscogee (Creek) Indian blood of their direct ancestors, utilizing the base unit of 4/4ths (four fourths) as equal to a person who is a full-blood Muscogee (Creek) Indian, and the base unit of 0/4ths (no fourths) as equal to a person who has no Muscogee (Creek) Indian blood. E. ‘‘Enrolled member of another Indian Tribe, Nation, Band or Pueblo’’ means any person who is listed upon the Citizenship Roll or Membership Roll of any federally recognized Indian Tribe, Nation, Band, Rancheria, Alaskan Native Village, or Pueblo. Enrolled member of another Indian Tribe, Nation, Band, or Pueblo shall not mean any person enrolled in a Tribal town of the Muscogee (Creek) Nation, enrolled for judgment as a descendant of another Tribe, Nation, Band, Rancheria, Alaskan Native Village, or Pueblo in its distribution of a claim against the United States (unless said judgment enroll- ment constitutes, according to the Tribal law of another Tribe involved, Tribal citizenship or membership); or any person documenting their other Tribal affiliations for the purpose of guaranteeing their descendant’s rights in such other Tribes. F. ‘‘Final rolls as provided by the Act of April 26, 1906 (34 Stat. 137)’’ means the entire set of rolls established pursuant to that Act, including the final rolls of the Muscogee (Creek) Nation, and the Tribes of Seminole, Cherokees, Choctaws and Chickasaws, in order to provide for the enrollment of any Muscogee (Creek) Indian by blood descended from a Muscogee (Creek) Indian by blood enrolled in another Tribe in 1906 for the purpose of selecting lands. G. ‘‘Full citizens’’ means those persons and their lineal descendants whose blood quantum is one-quarter (1/4) or more Muscogee (Creek) Indian, as determined under this Title. H. ‘‘Lineal descendant’’ means child, grandchild, great-grandchild, great- great-grandchild or any further descendant in that sequence. Lineal descendant shall not mean any foster child or adopted child (unless such is independently Muscogee (Creek) Indian by blood) whose adoption has not been approved by the Courts of the Muscogee (Creek) Nation, and said jurisdiction is hereby 3 Title 7, § 1–103 CITIZENSHIP/CENSUS reserved from the Courts of the Nation until such time as a law is adopted to govern such actions. I. ‘‘Muscogee (Creek) Indian by blood’’ means any person listed upon the Final Rolls of 1906 and enrolled with a listed quantum of Muscogee (Creek) Indian blood; or not enrolled with a separated racial status listed in lieu of Muscogee (Creek) Indian blood (e.g., Cherokee, White, Spanish, etc.) notwith- standing a Tribal Town citizenship for such person; and including such other Indians by blood of other Tribes adopted into the Muscogee (Creek) Nation prior to the final roll (whether Shawnee, Natchez, or other Tribal affiliation) who were enrolled or their descendants enrolled as Muscogee (Creek) Indians in the Final Rolls of 1906. J. ‘‘Registration’’ means the act of filling out proper forms under this Title and forwarding the forms in completion to the Citizenship Board. [NCA 81–06, §§ 5001 to 5010, approved Nov. 13, 1980; revised version approved Aug. 2, 1985; amended by NCA 01–135, § 103, eff. Aug. 23, 2001.] Library References Indians O222. Westlaw Topic No. 209. C.J.S. Indians §§ 32 to 35, 59, 62, 67, 180. 4 CHAPTER 2. CITIZENSHIP BOARD Section 2–101. Nominations and confirmation. 2–102. Terms of office. 2–103. Quorum. 2–104. Officers. 2–105. Translation. 2–106. Functional management. 2–107. Administrative management. 2–108. Duties and responsibilities. 2–109. Rulemaking authority. 2–110. Compensation of Citizenship Board members. Cross References Citizenship Board, see Const. Art. III, § 1. § 2–101. Nominations and confirmation The Principal Chief shall nominate the members of the Citizenship Board by submission of a Tribal Resolution to the National Council. The National Council may at its discretion hold hearings on the persons nominated. Nation- al Council approval of the Tribal Resolution submitted by the Principal Chief shall be required for confirmation of all appointments. Nominations not approved by majority vote shall be withdrawn by the Principal Chief. Nomina- tions withdrawn shall be replaced by new nominations. [NCA 81–06, § 1001, approved Nov.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Indigenous People of Western New York
    FACT SHEET / FEBRUARY 2018 Indigenous People of Western New York Kristin Szczepaniec Territorial Acknowledgement In keeping with regional protocol, I would like to start by acknowledging the traditional territory of the Haudenosaunee and by honoring the sovereignty of the Six Nations–the Mohawk, Cayuga, Onondaga, Oneida, Seneca and Tuscarora–and their land where we are situated and where the majority of this work took place. In this acknowledgement, we hope to demonstrate respect for the treaties that were made on these territories and remorse for the harms and mistakes of the far and recent past; and we pledge to work toward partnership with a spirit of reconciliation and collaboration. Introduction This fact sheet summarizes some of the available history of Indigenous people of North America date their history on the land as “since Indigenous people in what is time immemorial”; some archeologists say that a 12,000 year-old history on now known as Western New this continent is a close estimate.1 Today, the U.S. federal government York and provides information recognizes over 567 American Indian and Alaskan Native tribes and villages on the contemporary state of with 6.7 million people who identify as American Indian or Alaskan, alone Haudenosaunee communities. or combined.2 Intended to shed light on an often overlooked history, it The land that is now known as New York State has a rich history of First includes demographic, Nations people, many of whom continue to influence and play key roles in economic, and health data on shaping the region. This fact sheet offers information about Native people in Indigenous people in Western Western New York from the far and recent past through 2018.
    [Show full text]
  • Muscogee (Creek) Nation Scholarship Foundation Program
    MUSCOGEE (CREEK) NATION SCHOLARSHIP FOUNDATION PROGRAM James R. Floyd Health Care Management Scholarship Scholarship Description Chief James R. Floyd is the Principal Chief of the Muscogee (Creek) Nation, the fourth largest Tribe in the Nation with more than 80,500 citizens. James grew up in Eufaula, Oklahoma. After completing his Associates Degree at OSU in Oklahoma City he started his professional career with the Muscogee (Creek) Nation Tribe, working first in Environmental Services. He became the manager of Health Services, then Director of Community Services. In these positions he implemented the tribe’s first food distribution, social services, burial assistance, and school clothing allowance programs. Chief Floyd managed the first tribal-owned hospital in the United States at Okemah, and negotiated the transfer of the Okemah, Eufaula, Sapulpa, and Okmulgee Dental clinics from Indian Health Service to Muscogee (Creek) Tribal management. Chief Floyd is a strong advocate of higher education. Chief Floyd embraced and accepted his role as Principal Chief of the Nation’s fourth-largest Native American tribe in January of 2016. Throughout his career with the Indian Health Service and the Department of Veteran’s Affairs, Chief Floyd has continued to serve Native Americans throughout the United States, while always keeping in mind how his efforts could benefit his own Creek Nation. As a pioneer in Indian Health Care, Chief Floyd has been recognized nationally for establishing outreach to Native American communities. He ensured that the first of these reimbursements agreements was established with the Muscogee (Creek) Nation. He also held the first tribal veterans summit at Muskogee.
    [Show full text]
  • Tribal and House District Boundaries
    ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Tribal Boundaries and Oklahoma House Boundaries ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 22 ! 18 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 13 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 20 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 7 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Cimarron ! ! ! ! 14 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 11 ! ! Texas ! ! Harper ! ! 4 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! n ! ! Beaver ! ! ! ! Ottawa ! ! ! ! Kay 9 o ! Woods ! ! ! ! Grant t ! 61 ! ! ! ! ! Nowata ! ! ! ! ! 37 ! ! ! g ! ! ! ! 7 ! 2 ! ! ! ! Alfalfa ! n ! ! ! ! ! 10 ! ! 27 i ! ! ! ! ! Craig ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! h ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 26 s ! ! Osage 25 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! a ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 6 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Tribes ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 16 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! W ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 21 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 58 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 38 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Tribes by House District ! 11 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 1 Absentee Shawnee* ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Woodward ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 2 ! 36 ! Apache* ! ! ! 40 ! 17 ! ! ! 5 8 ! ! ! Rogers ! ! ! ! ! Garfield ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 1 40 ! ! ! ! ! 3 Noble ! ! ! Caddo* ! ! Major ! ! Delaware ! ! ! ! ! 4 ! ! ! ! ! Mayes ! ! Pawnee ! ! ! 19 ! ! 2 41 ! ! ! ! ! 9 ! 4 ! 74 ! ! ! Cherokee ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Ellis ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 41 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 72 ! ! ! ! ! 35 4 8 6 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 5 3 42 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 77
    [Show full text]
  • The American Indian Movement, the Trail of Broken Treaties, and the Politics of Media
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Dissertations, Theses, & Student Research, Department of History History, Department of 7-2009 Framing Red Power: The American Indian Movement, the Trail of Broken Treaties, and the Politics of Media Jason A. Heppler Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/historydiss Part of the History Commons Heppler, Jason A., "Framing Red Power: The American Indian Movement, the Trail of Broken Treaties, and the Politics of Media" (2009). Dissertations, Theses, & Student Research, Department of History. 21. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/historydiss/21 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the History, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, & Student Research, Department of History by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. FRAMING RED POWER: THE AMERICAN INDIAN MOVEMENT, THE TRAIL OF BROKEN TREATIES, AND THE POLITICS OF MEDIA By Jason A. Heppler A Thesis Presented to the Faculty The Graduate College at the University of Nebraska In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements For the Degree of Master of Arts Major: History Under the Supervision of Professor John R. Wunder Lincoln, Nebraska July 2009 2 FRAMING RED POWER: THE AMERICAN INDIAN MOVEMENT, THE TRAIL OF BROKEN TREATIES, AND THE POLITICS OF MEDIA Jason A. Heppler, M.A. University of Nebraska, 2009 Adviser: John R. Wunder This study explores the relationship between the American Indian Movement (AIM), national newspaper and television media, and the Trail of Broken Treaties caravan in November 1972 and the way media framed, or interpreted, AIM's motivations and objectives.
    [Show full text]
  • Beyond Blood Quantum: the Legal and Political Implications of Expanding Tribal Enrollment
    American Indian Law Journal Volume 3 Issue 1 Article 8 12-15-2014 Beyond Blood Quantum: The Legal and Political Implications of Expanding Tribal Enrollment Tommy Miller Harvard Law School Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.law.seattleu.edu/ailj Part of the Cultural Heritage Law Commons, and the Indian and Aboriginal Law Commons Recommended Citation Miller, Tommy (2014) "Beyond Blood Quantum: The Legal and Political Implications of Expanding Tribal Enrollment," American Indian Law Journal: Vol. 3 : Iss. 1 , Article 8. Available at: https://digitalcommons.law.seattleu.edu/ailj/vol3/iss1/8 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Publications and Programs at Seattle University School of Law Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in American Indian Law Journal by an authorized editor of Seattle University School of Law Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Beyond Blood Quantum: The Legal and Political Implications of Expanding Tribal Enrollment Cover Page Footnote Tommy Miller is a 2015 J.D. Candidate at Harvard Law School and a member of the Colville Confederated Tribes. He would like to thank his family for their constant support and inspiration, Professor Joe Singer for his guidance, and the staff of the American Indian Law Journal for their hard work. This article is available in American Indian Law Journal: https://digitalcommons.law.seattleu.edu/ailj/vol3/iss1/8 AMERICAN INDIAN LAW JOURNAL Volume III, Issue I – Fall 2014 BEYOND BLOOD QUANTUM THE LEGAL AND POLITICAL IMPLICATIONS OF EXPANDING TRIBAL ENROLLMENT ∗ Tommy Miller INTRODUCTION Tribal nations take many different approaches to citizenship.
    [Show full text]
  • NK360 1 American Indian Removal What Does It Mean to Remove a People?
    American Indian Removal What Does It Mean to Remove a People? Supporting Question One: What Was the Muscogee Nation’s Experience with Removal? Featured Sources Interactive Case Study—The Removal of the Muscogee Nation: Examine primary sources, quotes, short videos, and images to better understand one nation’s experience before, during, and after removal. Student Tasks Muscogee Removal Student Outcomes KNOW The Muscogee were a powerful confederacy of southeastern tribes before the European colonization of North America. A sharply divided U.S. Congress passed the Indian Removal Act in 1830, and in the Treaty of 1832 the Muscogee finally ceded all their remaining homelands east of the Mississippi River in exchange for lands in Indian Territory. Muscogee peoples were forced to move over an 11-year period. Fifteen different groups travelled the approximately 750 miles over land and water routes, which took an average of three months to complete. Upon reaching an unfamiliar new land, the Muscogee had to build homes, reestablish their towns and government, and find ways to survive. UNDERSTAND Muscogee leaders faced increasing pressure from the United States, from the states of Georgia and Alabama, and from unscrupulous individuals to give up their lands and move west. Some of the Muscogee removal groups faced extremely harsh conditions and thousands died during removal or soon after they arrived in Indian Territory, yet the strength of Muscogee culture and beliefs and the tenacity of the people enabled them to survive both the removal and the difficult realities of their new existence. The challenges for the Muscogee people did not end with their arrival in Indian Territory.
    [Show full text]
  • Federal Register/Vol. 86, No. 61/Thursday, April 1, 2021/Notices
    17194 Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 61 / Thursday, April 1, 2021 / Notices control of the Tennessee Valley discussed in this notice include one lot Dated: March 16, 2021. Authority, Knoxville, TN. The of whole and fragmented snail shell Melanie O’Brien, associated funerary objects were from burial 2. Manager, National NAGPRA Program. removed from archeological site 1JA305 Determinations Made by the Tennessee [FR Doc. 2021–06660 Filed 3–31–21; 8:45 am] in Jackson County, AL. BILLING CODE 4312–52–P This notice is published as part of the Valley Authority National Park Service’s administrative Officials of the Tennessee Valley responsibilities under NAGPRA, 25 Authority have determined that: DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR U.S.C. 3003(d)(3) and 43 CFR 10.11(d). • The determinations in this notice are Pursuant to 25 U.S.C. 3001(3)(A), National Park Service the sole responsibility of the museum, the objects described in this notice are reasonably believed to have been placed [NPS–WASO–NAGPRA–NPS0031612; institution, or Federal agency that has PPWOCRADN0–PCU00RP14.R50000] control of the associated funerary with or near individual human remains objects. The National Park Service is not at the time of death or later as part of Notice of Inventory Completion: responsible for the determinations in the death rite or ceremony. Museum of Riverside (Formerly Known this notice. • Pursuant to 25 U.S.C. 3001(2), a as the Riverside Metropolitan relationship of shared group identity Consultation Museum), Riverside, CA cannot be reasonably traced between the A detailed assessment of the associated funerary objects and any AGENCY: National Park Service, Interior.
    [Show full text]
  • Indian Lands of Federally Recognized Tribes of the United States
    132°W 131°W 130°W 129°W 128°W 127°W 126°W 125°W 124°W 123°W 122°W 121°W 120°W 119°W 118°W 117°W 116°W 115°W 114°W 113°W 112°W 111°W 110°W 109°W 108°W 107°W 106°W 105°W 104°W 103°W 102°W 101°W 100°W 99°W 98°W 97°W 96°W 95°W 94°W 93°W 92°W 91°W 90°W 89°W 88°W 87°W 86°W 85°W 84°W 83°W 82°W 81°W 80°W 79°W 78°W 77°W 76°W 75°W 74°W 73°W 72°W 71°W 70°W 69°W 68°W 67°W 66°W 65°W 64°W 63°W 48°N 46°N 47°N Neah Bay 4 35 14 45°N Everett 46°N Taholah CANADA Seattle Nespelem 40 Aberdeen 44°N Wellpinit Browning Spokane 45°N Harlem Belcourt WAS HIN Box Wagner E GTO Plummer Elder IN N MA 10 Pablo E SUPER Wapato IO Poplar K R Toppenish A 43°N New L Town Fort Totten Red Lake NT 44°N O Lapwai RM Portland VE Sault MO Sainte Marie NTANA Cass Lake Siletz Pendleton 42°N K NH NORTH DAKOTA Ashland YOR EW 43°N Warm N Springs LA KE No H r Fort U t Yates Boston hw Billings R TS e Crow ET 41°N s Agency O S t HU Worcester O R N AC RE eg Lame Deer OTA NTARIO SS GON io MINNES E O MA 42°N n Sisseton K A Providence 23 Aberdeen L N I 39 Rochester R A Springfield Minneapolis 51 G Saint Paul T SIN I C WISCON Eagle H 40°N IDA Butte Buffalo Boise HO C I 6 41°N R M o E cky M SOUTH DAKOTA ou K AN ntai ICHIG n R A M egion Lower Brule Fort Thompson L E n Grand Rapids I io New York g 39°N e Milwaukee R Fort Hall R west 24 E d Detroit Mi E 40°N Fort Washakie K WYOMING LA Rosebud Pine Ridge Cleveland IA Redding Wagner AN Toledo LV 32 NSY PEN Philadelphia 38°N Chicago NJ A 39°N IOW Winnebago Pittsburgh Fort Wayne Elko 25 Great Plains Region Baltimore Des Moines MD E NEBRASKA OHIO D
    [Show full text]
  • Alaska Native
    To conduct a simple search of the many GENERAL records of Alaska’ Native People in the National Archives Online Catalog use the search term Alaska Native. To search specific areas or villages see indexes and information below. Alaska Native Villages by Name A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Alaska is home to 229 federally recognized Alaska Native Villages located across a wide geographic area, whose records are as diverse as the people themselves. Customs, culture, artwork, and native language often differ dramatically from one community to another. Some are nestled within large communities while others are small and remote. Some are urbanized while others practice subsistence living. Still, there are fundamental relationships that have endured for thousands of years. One approach to understanding links between Alaska Native communities is to group them by language. This helps the student or researcher to locate related communities in a way not possible by other means. It also helps to define geographic areas in the huge expanse that is Alaska. For a map of Alaska Native language areas, see the generalized map of Alaska Native Language Areas produced by the University of Alaska at Fairbanks. Click on a specific language below to see Alaska federally recognized communities identified with each language. Alaska Native Language Groups (click to access associated Alaska Native Villages) Athabascan Eyak Tlingit Aleut Eskimo Haida Tsimshian Communities Ahtna Inupiaq with Mixed Deg Hit’an Nanamiut Language Dena’ina (Tanaina)
    [Show full text]
  • Pum Opunvkv Pun Yvhiketv Pun Fulletv
    Pum Opunvkv Pun Yvhiketv Pun Fulletv !"!"!"!" Our Language Our Songs Our Ways Note: This is a draft of a textbook. Some parts are still incomplete. We would be grateful for any comments. -Jack Martin, Margaret Mauldin, Gloria McCarty, 2003. Acknowledgments / Mvtô! These materials were prepared in 2003 at the University of Oklahoma. We are grateful to Dean Paul Bell of the College of Arts and Sciences and Pat Gilman, Chair of Anthropology, for supporting our work. We would also like to thank the many students who have studied Creek with us over the years. The alphabet 8 More on the alphabet 12 Heyv eshoccickvt ôs 'This is a book', Eshoccickvt ôwv? 'Is that a book?' 15 Heyv nâket ôwv? 'What's this?' 17 Heyv cokv cat!t ôs 'This book is red', Mv cokv hvtk!t ôwv? 'Is that book white?' 19 R"kke-mah! 'very big' 23 Cokv-h!cvt ôwis 'I am a student', Mvhayvt #ntskv? Are you a teacher? 24 Heyv cokv tokot ôs 'This is not a book' 26 Vm efv 'my dog', cvcke 'my mother': Possession 28 Likepvs 'Have a seat': Commands 31 Expressing aspect: Grades 33 Progressive aspect: The L-grade 34 Resulting states and intensives: The F- and N-grades 37 The H-grade 40 N!sis 'I'm buying' 42 N!set owis 'I am buying' 44 Overview of the sentence 45 Efv hvmken hêcis 'I see one dog': Numbers 47 Cett#t wâkkes c!! 'There's a snake!': Expressing existence 49 $h-ares 'It's on top of (something)': Locative prefixes 51 More on locative prefixes 53 Ecke tempen lîkes 'He's sitting near his mother': Locative nouns 55 L!tket owv? 'Is he/she running?' 57 Nâken h#mpetska? 'What are you eating?' 59 Letkek#t os 'He/She is not running' 61 Vyvhanis 'I'm going to go', M!car!s 'I will do it' 63 Lêtkvnks 'She ran': Expressing past time 65 Overview of the verb 66 Cvyayvk!n 'quietly': Manner adverbs 67 Mucv-ner! 'tonight': Time words 69 Expanding your vocabulary: -uce 'little' and -r"kk# 'big' 70 Cvnake 'mine' 71 Vce 'corn' vs.
    [Show full text]
  • The Rock of Red Power: the 1969-1971 Occupation of Alcatraz Island Sarah Spalding Western Kentucky University, [email protected]
    Western Kentucky University TopSCHOLAR® Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Honors College at WKU Projects Spring 5-9-2018 The Rock of Red Power: The 1969-1971 Occupation of Alcatraz Island Sarah Spalding Western Kentucky University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/stu_hon_theses Part of the History Commons, Indigenous Studies Commons, and the Politics and Social Change Commons Recommended Citation Spalding, Sarah, "The Rock of Red Power: The 1969-1971 cO cupation of Alcatraz Island" (2018). Honors College Capstone Experience/ Thesis Projects. Paper 745. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/stu_hon_theses/745 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by TopSCHOLAR®. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors College Capstone Experience/ Thesis Projects by an authorized administrator of TopSCHOLAR®. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE ROCK OF RED POWER: THE 1969-1971 OCCUPATION OF ALCATRAZ ISLAND A Capstone Project Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Bachelor of Arts in English Literature with Honors College Graduate Distinction at Western Kentucky University By Sarah D. Spalding May 2018 ***** Western Kentucky University 2018 CE/T Committee: Approved by Dr. Patricia Minter, Chair Dr. Alexander Olson ______________________________________ Dr. Andrew Rosa Advisor Department of History Copyright by Sarah D. Spalding 2018 ABSTRACT When over 90 Native Americans first made the voyage to Alcatraz Island on a November 1969 morning, there was little that could be predicted about what would unfold in the coming years. Alcatraz Island, the infamous prison that held criminals on the forefront of world news in the early twentieth century, would soon become an activist symbol.
    [Show full text]
  • Muscogee (Creek) Nation in Support of Petitioner ______
    No. 18-9526 IN THE JIMCY MCGIRT, Petitioner, v. OKLAHOMA, Respondent. _____________ On Writ of Certiorari to the Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals _____________ BRIEF FOR AMICUS CURIAE MUSCOGEE (CREEK) NATION IN SUPPORT OF PETITIONER _____________ ROGER WILEY RIYAZ A. KANJI ATTORNEY GENERAL Counsel of Record KYLE HASKINS DAVID A. GIAMPETRONI FIRST ASSISTANT KANJI & KATZEN, PLLC ATTORNEY GENERAL 303 Detroit St., Ste 400 MUSCOGEE (CREEK) Ann Arbor, MI 48104 NATION (734) 769-5400 Post Office Box 580 [email protected] Okmulgee, OK 74447 (918) 295-9720 CORY J. ALBRIGHT PHILIP H. TINKER LYNSEY R. GAUDIOSO KANJI & KATZEN, PLLC 401 Second Ave. S., Ste 700 Seattle, WA 98104 (206) 344-8100 Counsel for Amicus Curiae Muscogee (Creek) Nation i TABLE OF CONTENTS Page TABLE OF AUTHORITIES ..................................... iii INTEREST OF AMICUS CURIAE ............................1 INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY OF ARGUMENT ...............................................................1 ARGUMENT ...............................................................5 I. The United States and the Creek Nation Established a Reservation by Treaty. .............5 A. Text ........................................................5 B. Surrounding History .............................8 II. The Creek Allotment Act Preserved the Nation’s Reservation. ..................................... 11 A. Text ......................................................12 B. Surrounding History ........................... 16 C. Hitchcock and Buster ........................... 17 III.
    [Show full text]