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ARCHAEOLOGY of the Mccormick INLET SITE

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ARCHAEOLOGY of the Mccormick INLET SITE SHO RT PAPERSSHORT AND NOTES 125 when theland wassubmerged. The Eskimo site so far found in the Cana- shells found at the altitude of71.5 m. dian Arctic. at Tingmisut Lake show that Melville W. E. S. HENOCH Island was submerged at least to this level. Theradiocarbon age of these IParry, W.E. 1821. Journal of a voyage for shells 9,075 -+ 275 (1-730) indicates that the discovery of a northwestpassage thiswas the oldest postglacial trans- from the Atlantic to the Pacific performed gression and that at least at that time in the years 1819-20 in H.M.S. Hecla and this part of the island was free of land Griper. London: John Murray, 2nded., ice. Radiocarbon dates of younger shell 310 pp. samples found at lower altitudes throw 2McMillan, J. G. in J. E. Bernier, Report light on the course of the emergence of on the Dominion of Canada Government land since the maximum postglacial Expedition to the arctic islands and the transgression, which had been discussed Hudson Strait on board the D:G.S. Arctic elsewhere. (1908-09). Ottawa: Government Printing It is difficult to find in the Arctic fea- Bureau. 1910. tures close to sea-level that canbe 3Stefansson, V. 1944. The friendly Arctic. dated to enablereconstruction of the New York: Macmillan Co., 784 pp. late phases of emergence. For this rea- son data obtained from the site at Mc- Cormick Inlet are of great value. Since it is unlikely that a dwelling would be built much closer to high water than ARCHAEOLOGY OF THEMC- 1.75 m., the present height of the site, CORMICK INLETSITE, MELVILLE it is assumed that the age of the moss ISLAND, N.W.T. collected from underthe flagstones provides a good estimate of the positive Transportation difficulties during the movement of the land, relative to sea- 1963field season frustratedmy plans level during the past 1,740 * 190 years. to visit the McCormick Inlet site and The conclusionis that differential move- another of several tent rings at a river ment, if any, has been very slight. mouth 15 miles to the north reported The sample (GSC-148) of burnt moss by C.R. Harington of the Canadian from the fireplace has an age 1,150 * Wildlife Service in 1961. The tent rings 160 years, probably indicating when the reported by C. R. Harington are on the fireplace wasused for thelast time. west bank of a river mouth at approxi- This is in general agreement with the mately 76'05'N.112'19W. R. Thor- sample (1-840) ; both indicate the an- steinsson of the Geological Survey of tiquity of the site. But it shouldbe Canada, told me of a site he had seen bornein mind that theoretically the in 1958. It wasa tentring of large moss mighthave been brought for stones andin the ring lay a tincan kindling of a fire from somewhere else containingshoe wax. This is about and that it was dead long before it was 1 milesoutheast of Harington's find, used for kindling. on the other side of the river, and 1 or Assuming that the true datesof sam- 2 miles inland. Thorsteinsson suggested ples (1-840) and (GSC-148) fall within it might have been a Stefansson party the specified range,the dwellingwas camp, perhapsNatkusiak's hunting probably seasonally occupiedbetween camp. Consequentlyone must be all 1,150 and 1,740 years ago. Thesetwo themore grateful for the collection resultsare generally consistent and made by Henoch andothers at the indicate thatthe maximum possible McCormick Inlet site. The Dorset iden- amount of landemergence in Mc- tity of the site suggested by two radio- Cormick Inlet area during the last one carbon dates (see preceding paper) is and a half millenia wasappreciably supportednot only by the artifacts less than 1.8 m. They also indicate the found there butalso by the architectural antiquity of the most northwesterly features of the dwelling itself. 126 SHORT PAPERS AND NOTES The Dorset culture is generally held section. Its slightly convex butt shows to have existed approximatelyfrom someevidence of pounding. Ithas 800 B.C. to A.D. 1300, althoughnot straight parallel sides converging to a necessarily through all that time span spatulatesharp-edged forward end over its total area of occupation. Since wherethe cross-section developsa the two McCormick Inletradiocarbon concavo-convexform. Probably it determinations indicate an occupation served as awedge; it is virtually useless in thefirst millenium A.D., thesite for cultural identification. Thedark clearly was occupied during the Dorset grey chert object (Fig. 1, e) is a thick period. random-formcore showing several Regardingarchitectural features of large flake scarsand a battered edge the McCormick Inlet dwelling, the adjacent to asmall area of cortex. It rectangular plan, central interior pas- measures 6.6 by 4 by 3.9 cm. It too lacks sage or aisle, fire place set in that aisle, diagnostic value. andthe lateral sleeping areas each One dark grey quartzite specimen is divided from the aisle by a row of stone the sturdy side-notched rear part of a slabs buried at an angle, recall Dorset largestraight-based biface endblade features.Meldgaardl reports Dorset (Fig. 1, d), probably of a knife or thrust- houses of the Igloolik area tohave small ing spear. The specimen is 3 cm. in open hearths on the floor, low benches maximum width, 2.2 cm. wide between along the walls, and an overall square its broad side notches and 8 mm. thick. or rectangular plan. Excavation in 1958 The notches are broad, 1.3 and 1.2 cm. of semi-subterraneana late Dorset wide respectively, well-defined, and houseon Sugluk Island revealeda dulled to prevent abrasion of the lash- centralhearth in an aisle which, in ings. The base is also slightly dulled. turn, was distinguished from lateral When complete, theoverall length of sleeping areas on either side by a row the specimen was perhaps 8 to 10 cm. of vertically-set stones2. TheOxford There is also a complete grey-beige site,aDorset station found in 1963 biface side-notched quartzite end blade some 26 miles westerly from Cambridge with a deeply concave base (Fig. 1, a). Bay on the southern coast of Victoria Its maximummeasurements are 11.7 Island, included several shapes of tent by 3.6 by 1.1 cm. The base is indented ring, among them examples with a sub- 3.5 mm. Thewell-defined broad side rectangular plan.3 The McCormick Inlet notches are 1.7 and 1.6 cm. wide and dwelling also recalls Dorsetand pre- the width of the object between these Dorset structures foundby Knuthin notches is 2.5 cm. The notch concavities northeasternGreenland, especially at have been very thoroughly dulled. The Cape Halbaek4. Conversely such struc- base marginis slightly dulled and shows tures have notbeen reported for the by its longitudinal flakes some attempt Thule or recent Eskimo cultures in the at basal thinning. Onemargin of the centraland eastern Arctic. Solely on specimen is more markedly convex than the basis of its architecture one could the other which parallels the mid-line onlyinfer that the site is pre-Thule; formost of its length. Theresulting in conjunction with the other evidence asymmetry strongly suggests that this a Dorset identity becomes certain. object was hafted as a knife blade; its The artifact collection consists of one roundedtip supports that suggestion. antler,one chert, and four quartzite Considering the coarse granular quality specimens.Lichen encrustation docu- of thequartzite the margins of the mentsthe surface provenance of all specimen reflect acommendable skill butthe antler object, whichHenoch in secondary chipping. found in the debris on thestone “table”. Thesecond grey-beige quartzite This last object (Fig. 1, f), 13.8 cm. long, specimen is also a large, biface, side- 2.7 cm. wide,and 1.4 cm. thick, was notched end blade (Fig. 1, b). It has a split longitudinally fromcariboua straight base. Although theforward antler to provide a plano-convex cross- part of the object is missing, the com- SHORT PAPERS AND NOTES 127 O 5 cm. L- O 1 2 in. a b d h Fig. 1. Dorset artifacts from the Canadian Arctic. a to f: from McCormick Inlet, Melville Island, N.W.T.;g to i: from Manse1 Island, HudsonBay. plete object probably measured between least 5.5 cm. and thickness 1.3 cm. The 12 and 15 cm. Maximum width was at slightlyconcave base is 3.7 cm. across 128 SHORT PAPERS AND NOTES and very slightly dulled. The broad side are smaller stone tools on the site, un- notches are dulled, well-defined, 1.3 noticed by the collectors, not knowing and 1.5cm. wide,and 3.3cm. apart. whatto look for in this regard and Therehad beensome slight effort at becausesuch objects are easily over- basal thinning. Bothmargins of the looked in anirregular grey gravel specimenconverge towards the base matrix.Conversely, Henoch examined but one is less convex than the other, the site at somelength and carefully againsuggesting hafting as a knife gathered much material for radiocarbon blade. The edge retouch is of mediocre dating. Onemay tentatively conclude quality. that the typical small Dorset stonetools Last, there is a grey-beige quartzite remain in the site overlooked, or that tip fragmentof a large biface (Fig. 1, c). the McCormick Inlet site represents a It might well be the forward part of Dorsetcomplex with a variantlithic the end blade just described. It has a industry. The latter may apply, for the rounded tip and a thickness of 1 cm. site is clearly at the periphery of the Two irregular notches on one edge of known range of Dorset, as well as of the fragment seem accidental.
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