DOCSLIB.ORG

Hawker Hunter 1 Hawker Hunter

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Hawker Hunter 1 Hawker Hunter Hawker Hunter 1 Hawker Hunter Hawker Hunter Hawker Hunter FMk58, J-4040 „PAPYRUS“ an der Air 04 Typ: Einstrahliges Jagdflugzeug Entwurfsland: Vereinigtes Königreich Hersteller: Hawker Siddeley Erstflug: 21. Juli 1951 Indienststellung: 1956 Stückzahl: 1.972 Die Hawker Hunter ist ein von der Firma Hawker Siddeley entwickeltes britisches Kampfflugzeug, das ab 1954 hauptsächlich im Vereinigten Königreich, aber auch in anderen Ländern eingesetzt wurde. Entwicklung Die Ende der 1940er-Jahre entwickelte Hunter wurde entwickelt, um Museumsexemplar „Blue Diamond“ an einer mit Hilfe der Bodenleitstelle sowjetische Bomberverbände vor dem Flugschau britischen Festland abzufangen. Für die Hunter war kein eigenes Bordradar vorgesehen. Da zu dieser Zeit in Großbritannien die Entwicklung von Lenkwaffen noch in der Entwicklungsphase war, konzentrierten sich die Entwickler auf Maschinenkanonen als Hauptbewaffnung. Gemäß einer Forderung des Ministry of Defense sollte der neue Abfangjäger schon mit einem kurzen Feuerstoß seiner Maschinenkanonen einen sowjetischen Bomber zum Absturz bringen können. Als Lösung wurde eine schnell austauschbare Wanne mit einer 30-mm-Vierfach-Maschinenkanone ADEN (Armament Development Von Israel erbeutete jordanische Hunter Establishment) in den Rumpf eingebaut, die auch bei kurzen Feuerstößen eine hohe Menge an Geschossgewicht ins Ziel bringen konnten. Obwohl zu Beginn die Vibrationen und Gase der Maschinenkanonen problematisch waren, konnte die Hunter später für die Erdkampfunterstützung eingesetzt werden, wobei jeweils nur eine Zwillings-Maschinenkanone verwendet wurde. Das Flugzeug hatte für damalige Verhältnisse eine hohe Höchstgeschwindigkeit und verfügte Hawker Hunter 2 über ein großes Waffenarsenal. Der Erstflug des Prototyps fand am 20. Juli 1951 statt. 1953 hielt das Flugzeug mit 1173 km/h den offiziellen Geschwindigkeitsweltrekord und durchbrach an Flugshows im Bahnneigungsflug mehrfach die Schallmauer. Jahrelang flogen Hunter u. a. bei verschiedenen Staffeln der RAF Germany. Die Hunter wurde 1980 abgelöst. In der Schweiz blieb die Hunter bis ins Jahr 1994 im Dienst und wurde mehrmals überholt. Es gibt noch mehr als zehn fliegenden Maschinen und mehrere Museumsflugzeuge. Private Hunter Hawker Hunter in Konflikten Die Hunter hat in zahlreichen Konflikten eine Rolle gespielt: • Sechstagekrieg 1967 (von irakischen und jordanischen Piloten geflogen) • Chile: wichtige Rolle von Hunters beim Sturz des gewählten sozialistischen Präsidenten Salvador Allende. Hunters bombardierten den Präsidentenpalast, Allendes Haus und Radiostationen • Bei den Bürgerkriegen in Somalia • Rhodesien: gegen ZANU/ZAPU in den späten Sechzigern • Unterstützung für Laurent Kabila in Zimbabwe beim zweiten Kongokrieg • Indo-Pakistanische Kriege Die Hunter in der Schweizer Luftwaffe In den späten Fünfzigerjahren galt es, die ersten Serien der damaligen Düsenflugzeuge DH-100 Vampire und DH-112 Venom durch moderne 16 Hunter im Formationsflug Kampfflugzeuge abzulösen. In der Endausscheidung mit der North American F-86 Sabre und der in der Schweiz noch in Entwicklung begriffenen FFA P-16 fiel die Wahl auf die englische, bei Hawker Aircraft Ltd. gebauten Hunter Mk 6. Dieser Flugzeugtyp galt in der damaligen Fachwelt als Spitzenprodukt. Am 29. Januar 1958 beschlossen die Eidgenössischen Räte die Beschaffung von 100 dieser Kampfflugzeuge (inkl. Reservematerial und Munition) direkt vom Herstellerwerk und im Kostenumfang von 313 Millionen Franken. Bereits im April begann die Auslieferung und Überführung der neuen Maschinen von England in die Schweiz. Dies ermöglichte eine rasche Umschulung der Piloten und des technischen Personals, und bereits ein Jahr später waren fünf Fliegerstaffeln auf der Hunter einsatzbereit. Die Flugzeuge mit der Bezeichnung Hunter Mk. 58 wurden damals sowohl für Erdkampf wie für Luftkampfaufgaben eingesetzt. Dabei erwiesen sie sich als einsatzsichere, wirkungsvolle und voll miliztaugliche Kampfflugzeuge. Einsatzaufgaben und Flugleistungen Während der 36-jährigen Verwendungsdauer wurden die Hunter-Kampfflugzeuge mehrmals modifiziert und mit neuen Systemen und Waffenanlagen nachgerüstet. In der Zeit von 1975 bis 1991 waren insgesamt neun Frontstaffeln und eine Sonderstaffel mit der Hunter ausgerüstet. Mit der Inbetriebnahme der Tiger-Raumschutzjäger wurden die Hunter dann weitgehend von der Luftkampfaufgabe entbunden; ihre Hauptdomäne blieb der Jagdbombereinsatz. Zu diesem Zweck wurde die Hunter zum tragen von BL755 Streubomben und AGM-65 Maverick Lenkwaffen nachgerüstet. Die Hunter-Flotte erbrachte eine Flugleistung von ca. 310.000 Flugstunden bei rund 483.000 Einsätzen. Hawker Hunter 3 Ende der Hunter-Ära Ende 1994 wurden die Hunter-Kampfflugzeuge im Rahmen der schweizerischen Armeereform 95 außer Dienst gestellt und die damit ausgerüsteten fliegenden Verbände aufgelöst. Nach über 36 Einsatzjahren galten die Hunter-Jagdbomber als technisch überaltert; ihre Kampfkraft wäre für ein künftiges Konfliktszenario ungenügend und ihr Unterhalt unverhältnismäßig teuer geworden. Der letzte Flug fand am 16. Dezember 1994 statt. Dabei landete die erste seinerzeit in der Schweiz eingesetzte Hunter mit der legendären Registrierung J 4001 symbolisch in Dübendorf und wurde dem dortigen Luftwaffenmuseum übergeben. Noch heute sind jedoch zahlreiche flugtaugliche Muster der Schweizer Luftwaffe im Einsatz. Ein Teil davon wurde nach Südafrika exportiert, ein weiterer Teil davon wird als Erdkämpfer flugtauglich gehalten damit man im Notfall darauf zurückgreifen könnte. Diese Muster kommen oft bei Airshows in der Schweiz und dem grenznahen Ausland zum Einsatz.[1] In der Schweiz hat die Hunter dank ihrem langjährigen Einsatz bei der Luftwaffe eine große und treue Fangemeinde. Sie wird von dieser liebevoll "Hönter" genannt. Varianten • F.Mk.1 : Jagdflugzeug • F.Mk.2 : Jagdflugzeug • F.Mk.3 : Rekordflugzeug • F.Mk.4 : Jagdflugzeug • F.Mk.5 : Jagdflugzeug • F.Mk.6 : verbesserte Variante des Jagdflugzeugs. Der Erstflug war am 25. März 1955, u. a. Tagjäger bei der RAF Germany. • T.Mk.7 : zweisitziger Trainer, der aus F.Mk.4 entwickelt wurde. Der Erstflug war am 11. Oktober 1957. • T.Mk.8 und T.Mk.8M : Marine-Versionen von T.Mk.7, die mit einem Fanghaken ausgerüstet wurden • F.(G.A.)Mk.9 : Erdkampfflugzeug, das aus F.Mk.6 entwickelt wurde. Von diesem Flugzeug gibt es zahlreiche Exportversionen. • F.R.Mk.10 : Aufklärer, der aus F.Mk.6 entwickelt wurde, fast alle eingesetzt bei der RAF Germany • G.A.Mk.11 : Trainerversion der F.(G.A.)Mk.9, der für die Royal Navy entwickelt wurde • F.Mk.56 : Exportmodell von F.Mk.6, das für Indien gebaut wurde • F.Mk.58 und F.Mk.58A: Exportmodell der F.Mk.6, gebaut für die Schweizer Luftwaffe • T.Mk.66 und T.Mk.66C : zweisitziger Trainer für den Export • T.Mk.67 : zweisitziger Trainer für den Export • T.Mk.68 : zweisitziger Trainer für den Export, Schweizer Luftwaffe • FGA.70 : Exportmodell von F.(G.A.)Mk.9 • FGA.71 : Exportmodell von F.(G.A.)Mk.9 • FR.71A : Exportmodell von F.R.Mk.10 • T.Mk.72 : zweisitziger Trainer für den Export • FGA.73 : Exportmodell von F.(G.A.)Mk.9 • FGA.74 : Exportmodell von F.(G.A.)Mk.9 • FR.74A und FR.74B : Exportmodelle von F.R.Mk.10 • T.Mk.75 und T75A : zweisitzige Trainer für den Export • FGA.76 : Exportmodell von F.(G.A.)Mk.9 • FR.76A : Exportmodell von F.R.Mk.10 • T.Mk.77 : Exportmodell des zweisitzigen Trainers T.Mk.7 • FGA.80: Exportmodell von F.(G.A.)Mk.9 • T.Mk.81: zweisitziger Trainer für den Export Hawker Hunter 4 Insgesamt wurden in Großbritannien 1972 Flugzeuge gebaut. Dazu kamen noch 455 Lizenzbauten, die von Avions Fairey in Belgien und von Fokker in den Niederlanden gebaut wurden. Für den Exportmarkt wurden zahlreiche Umbauten vorgenommen. Nutzerstaaten • Vereinigtes Königreich (Royal Air Force): (diverse Varianten wie F.Mk.4-6, FGA.Mk.9, T.Mk.7, T.Mk.8B, T.Mk.8C, T.Mk.8M, GA.Mk.11, PR.Mk.11, T.Mk.66B, alle außer Dienst gestellt) • Schweiz (Schweizer Luftwaffe): 160 (100 x F.Mk.58, 52 x F.Mk.58A 8 x T.Mk.68; alle außer Dienst) • Australien (Royal Australian Air Force) alle außer Dienst • Vereinigte Arabische Emirate (Luftwaffe von Abu Dhabi) FGA.Mk.76, FR.Mk.76A und T.Mk.77; alle außer Dienst • Belgien alle außer Dienst, Maschinen in Lizenz hergestellt durch Avions Fairey • Chile alle außer Dienst • Dänemark alle außer Dienst • Irak alle außer Dienst • Indien F.Mk.56A und T.Mk.66D/E, alle außer Dienst • Jordanien F.Mk.6, FGA.Mk.9, FR.Mk.73B und T.Mk.66B; alle außer Dienst • Kenia alle außer Dienst • Kuwait FGA.Mk.57 unnd T.Mk.67; alle außer Dienst • Libanon (Luftstreitkräfte des Libanon) 12 x (F.Mk.6, FGA.Mk.70A und T.Mk.66C, die erneut flugtüchtig gemacht werden sollen) • Niederlande (Koninklijke Luchtmacht) alle außer Dienst, Maschinen in Lizenz hergestellt durch Fokker • Oman alle außer Dienst • Peru alle außer Dienst • Katar FGA.Mk.79 und T.Mk.79; alle außer Dienst Hawker Hunter 5 • Saudi-Arabien F.Mk.6 und T.Mk.7; alle außer Dienst • Singapur (RSAF) alle außer Dienst • Somalia alle außer Dienst • Schweden alle außer Dienst • Simbabwe alle außer Dienst Daten der F.(G.A.)Mk.9 Kenngröße Daten Spannweite 10,26 m Länge 13,98 m Höhe 4,01 m Flügelfläche 32,43 m² Leergewicht 6020 kg Startgewicht, normal 8340 kg max. Startgewicht 10.885 kg Höchstgeschwindigkeit in Seehöhe 1144 km/h (Mach 0,94) Höchstgeschwindigkeit in 11.000 m 978 km/h Reisegeschwindigkeit 740 km/h Dienstgipfelhöhe 15.250 m Aktionsradius 350–570 km Überführungsreichweite 2965 km Anfangssteigegeschwindigkeit 40,7 m/s Steigezeit bis 14.000 m 6 min 45 s Triebwerk ein Rolls-Royce Avon 207 mit 4604 kp Schub Bewaffnung
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Trend Uporabe Sodobnih Oborožitvenih Sistemov V Oboroženih Silah: Primerjalna in Kvantitativna Analiza
    UNIVERZA V LJUBLJANI FAKULTETA ZA DRUŽBENE VEDE Anja Kolak Trend uporabe sodobnih oborožitvenih sistemov v oboroženih silah: primerjalna in kvantitativna analiza Magistrsko delo Ljubljana, 2016 UNIVERZA V LJUBLJANI FAKULTETA ZA DRUŽBENE VEDE Anja Kolak Mentor: izr. prof. dr. Iztok Prezelj Somentor: doc. dr. Erik Kopač Trend uporabe sodobnih oborožitvenih sistemov v oboroženih silah: primerjalna in kvantitativna analiza Magistrsko delo Ljubljana, 2016 2 POVZETEK Trend uporabe sodobnih oborožitvenih sistemov v oboroženih silah: primerjalna in kvantitativna analiza V industrijski in postindustrijski dobi je razvoj znanosti in tehnološki napredek, zlasti izjemen napredek informacijsko-komunikacijske tehnologije, vplival na različna področja in s tem povzročil velike spremembe v gospodarstvu, industriji in družbi. Oborožene sile pri tem niso izjema. Razvoj in ekspanzija sodobnih tehnologij predvsem na področju robotike, biologije, nanotehnologije, računalniških procesorjev in kibernetike vplivata na zmogljivosti sodobnih oborožitvenih sistemov in posledično na zmogljivosti oboroženih sil. Nove tehnologije so omogočile večjo premičnost in hitrost vojaških enot, večji obseg izvajanja bojnih nalog in zmogljivejše oborožitvene sisteme. Sodobno vojskovanje temelji na zmogljivih oborožitvenih sistemih, komunikacijskih in informacijskih sistemih, obveščevalnih sistemih ter sistemih vodenja in poveljevanja.Več kot dve desetletji poteka razprava o spremenjeni paradigmi vojskovanja, zato se upravičeno lahko vprašamo, ali smo bili oziroma smo priča običajnim
    [Show full text]
  • Cluster Weapons – Military Utility and Alternatives
    FFI-rapport/2007/02345 Cluster weapons – military utility and alternatives Ove Dullum Forsvarets forskningsinstitutt/Norwegian Defence Research Establishment (FFI) 1 February 2008 FFI-rapport 2007/02345 Oppdrag 351301 ISBN 978-82-464-1318-1 Keywords Militære operasjoner / Military operations Artilleri / Artillery Flybomber / Aircraft bombs Klasevåpen / Cluster weapons Ammunisjon / Ammunition Approved by Ove Dullum Project manager Jan Ivar Botnan Director of Research Jan Ivar Botnan Director 2 FFI-rapport/2007/02345 English summary This report is made through the sponsorship of the Royal Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Its purpose is to get an overview of the military utility of cluster munitions, and to find to which degree their capacity can be substituted by current conventional weapons or weapons that are on the verge of becoming available. Cluster munition roughly serve three purposes; firstly to defeat soft targets, i e personnel; secondly to defeat armoured of light armoured vehicles; and thirdly to contribute to the suppressive effect, i e to avoid enemy forces to use their weapons without inflicting too much damage upon them. The report seeks to quantify the effect of such munitions and to compare this effect with that of conventional weapons and more modern weapons. The report discusses in some detail how such weapons work and which effect they have against different targets. The fragment effect is the most important one. Other effects are the armour piercing effect, the blast effect, and the incendiary effect. Quantitative descriptions of such effects are usually only found in classified literature. However, this report is exclusively based on unclassified sources. The availability of such sources has been sufficient to get an adequate picture of the effect of such weapons.
    [Show full text]
  • Corporate Initiative for Space Tourism
    UNIVERSITY OF LJUBLJANA FACULTY OF ECONOMICS MASTER’S THESIS “OUT OF THIS WORLD” BUSINESS: CORPORATE INITIATIVE FOR SPACE TOURISM Ljubljana, March 2014 JAN KRIŠTOF RAMOVŠ AUTHORSHIP STATEMENT The undersigned Jan K. Ramovš, a student at the University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Economics, (hereafter: FELU), declare that I am the author of the master’s thesis entitled “Out Of This World” Business: Corporate Initiative for Space Tourism, written under supervision of Prof. Dr. Metka Tekavčič. In accordance with the Copyright and Related Rights Act (Official Gazette of the Republic of Slovenia, Nr. 21/1995 with changes and amendments) I allow the text of my master’s thesis to be published on the FELU website. I further declare the text of my master’s thesis to be based on the results of my own research; the text of my master’s thesis to be language-edited and technically in adherence with the FELU’s Technical Guidelines for Written Works which means that I o cited and / or quoted works and opinions of other authors in my master’s thesis in accordance with the FELU’s Technical Guidelines for Written Works and o obtained (and referred to in my master’s thesis) all the necessary permits to use the works of other authors which are entirely (in written or graphical form) used in my text; to be aware of the fact that plagiarism (in written or graphical form) is a criminal offence and can be prosecuted in accordance with the Criminal Code (Official Gazette of the Republic of Slovenia, Nr. 55/2008 with changes and amendments); to be aware of the consequences a proven plagiarism charge based on the submitted master’s thesis could have for my status at the FELU in accordance with the relevant FELU Rules on Master’s Thesis.
    [Show full text]
  • The Only Required Signs of Cracking
    The official magazine of the Aircraft Owner and Pilots Association www.aopa.co.uk The There's a new trainer in town – the first new onkid the Sonaca 200 has landed, and it's all set to shake up the block UK's schools FIRST SOLO IN A HUNTER HUNTERS EVERYWHERE STALLING SCENARIOS Nick Wilcock takes you on a Henry Simpson visits Hawker Matt Lane takes a look at journey back to when he first Hunter Aviation to see what it applied stall training and asks flew solo in a single-seat jet takes to keep them flying if we've lost the objective MAGAZINE 08.2019 FREE TO MEMBERS WWW.AOPA.CO.UK 03 CHAIRMAN'S MESSAGE TIME TO HAND EDITOR David Rawlings OUT A LOT OF [email protected] ART EDITOR THANKYOUS Dan Payne [email protected] WILL start this month’s message with 'thankyous'. Aero Expo has come and gone for another year. It takes a great deal of planning and preparation SUB EDITOR beforehand and then it's over and we’re packing up. The first thanks goes Lucy Debenham I to the AOPA team who organise the AOPA marquee, and all those who volunteered their time to help set it up on the Wednesday afternoon and then manned CONTRIBUTORS the marquee all weekend, to finally helping with the clearing up at the end. The weather Pauline Vahey, John Walker, Henry this year was typically changeable and kick-started the annual “are the numbers up Simpson, Malcolm Bird, George or down this year?” conversation.
    [Show full text]
  • Front Cover: Airbus 2050 Future Concept Aircraft
    AEROSPACE 2017 February 44 Number 2 Volume Society Royal Aeronautical www.aerosociety.com ACCELERATING INNOVATION WHY TODAY IS THE BEST TIME EVER TO BE AN AEROSPACE ENGINEER February 2017 PROPELLANTLESS SPACE DRIVES – FLIGHTS OF FANCY? BOOM PLOTS RETURN TO SUPERSONIC FLIGHT INDIA’S NAVAL AIR POWER Have you renewed your Membership Subscription for 2017? Your membership subscription was due on 1 January 2017. As per the Society’s Regulations all How to renew: membership benefits will be suspended where Online: a payment for an individual subscription has Log in to your account on the Society’s www.aerosociety.com not been received after three months of the due website to pay at . If you date. However, this excludes members paying do not have an account, you can register online their annual subscriptions by Direct Debits in and pay your subscription straight away. monthly installments. Additionally members Telephone: Call the Subscriptions Department who are entitled to vote in the Society’s AGM on +44 (0)20 7670 4315 / 4304 will lose their right to vote if their subscription has not been paid. Cheque: Cheques should be made payable to the Royal Aeronautical Society and sent to the Don’t lose out on your membership benefits, Subscriptions Department at No.4 Hamilton which include: Place, London W1J 7BQ, UK. • Your monthly subscription to AEROSPACE BACS Transfer: Pay by Bank Transfer (or by magazine BACS) into the Society’s bank account, quoting • Use of your RAeS post nominals as your name and membership number. Bank applicable details: • Over 400 global events yearly • Discounted rates for conferences Bank: HSBC plc • Online publications including Society News, Sort Code: 40-05-22 blogs and podcasts Account No: 01564641 • Involvement with your local branch BIC: MIDLGB2107K • Networking opportunities IBAN: GB52MIDL400522 01564641 • Support gaining Professional Registration • Opportunities & recognition with awards and medals • Professional development and support ..
    [Show full text]
  • Cluster Munition Monitor 2018
    CLUSTER MUNITION MONITOR 2018 Monitoring and Research Committee, ICBL-CMC Governance Board Danish Demining Group Human Rights Watch Humanity & Inclusion (HI) Mines Action Canada Research team leaders ICBL-CMC staff experts © August 2018 by International Campaign to Ban Landmines – Cluster Munition Coalition (ICBL-CMC). All rights reserved. ISBN: 978-2-9701146-3-5 Front cover photograph © Sean Sutton/MAG, March 2017 Back cover photographs © Sean Sutton/MAG, March 2017 and Blaise Kormann/HI, July 2017 Cover, text design, and layout by Lixar I.T. Inc. Landmine and Cluster Munition Monitor provides research and monitoring for the Cluster Munition Coalition (CMC) and the International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL) and is a formal program of the ICBL-CMC. For more information visit www.the-monitor.org or email [email protected]. Landmine and Cluster Munition Monitor makes an effort to limit the environmental footprint of reports by publishing all of our research reports online. This report is available online. Detailed country profiles are available online at www.the-monitor.org/cp CLUSTER MUNITION COALITION The Cluster Munition Coalition (CMC) is an international civil society campaign working to eradicate cluster munitions and prevent further harm from these weapons. The CMC works through its members to change the policy and practice of governments and organizations and to raise awareness of the devastation that cluster munitions cause The CMC is committed to the 2008 Convention on Cluster Munitions as the best framework for ending the use, production, stockpiling, and transfer of cluster munitions and for destroying stockpiles, clearing contaminated areas, and assisting affected communities.
    [Show full text]
  • The Raf Harrier Story
    THE RAF HARRIER STORY ROYAL AIR FORCE HISTORICAL SOCIETY 2 The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the contributors concerned and are not necessarily those held by the Royal Air Force Historical Society. Copyright 2006: Royal Air Force Historical Society First published in the UK in 2006 by the Royal Air Force Historical Society All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission from the Publisher in writing. ISBN 0-9530345-2-6 Printed by Advance Book Printing Unit 9 Northmoor Park Church Road Northmoor OX29 5UH 3 ROYAL AIR FORCE HISTORICAL SOCIETY President Marshal of the Royal Air Force Sir Michael Beetham GCB CBE DFC AFC Vice-President Air Marshal Sir Frederick Sowrey KCB CBE AFC Committee Chairman Air Vice-Marshal N B Baldwin CB CBE FRAeS Vice-Chairman Group Captain J D Heron OBE Secretary Group Captain K J Dearman Membership Secretary Dr Jack Dunham PhD CPsychol AMRAeS Treasurer J Boyes TD CA Members Air Commodore H A Probert MBE MA *J S Cox Esq BA MA *Dr M A Fopp MA FMA FIMgt *Group Captain N Parton BSc (Hons) MA MDA MPhil CEng FRAeS RAF *Wing Commander D Robertson RAF Wing Commander C Cummings Editor & Publications Wing Commander C G Jefford MBE BA Manager *Ex Officio 4 CONTENTS EARLY HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES AND EMERGING 8 STAFF TARGETS by Air Chf Mshl Sir Patrick Hine JET LIFT by Prof John F Coplin 14 EVOLUTION OF THE PEGASUS VECTORED
    [Show full text]
  • Conventional Weapons
    ROYAL AIR FORCE HISTORICAL SOCIETY JOURNAL 45 2 The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the contributors concerned and are not necessarily those held by the Royal Air Force Historical Society. First published in the UK in 2009 by the Royal Air Force Historical Society All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission from the Publisher in writing. ISSN 1361 4231 Printed by Windrush Group Windrush House Avenue Two Station Lane Witney OX28 4XW 3 ROYAL AIR FORCE HISTORICAL SOCIETY President Marshal of the Royal Air Force Sir Michael Beetham GCB CBE DFC AFC Vice-President Air Marshal Sir Frederick Sowrey KCB CBE AFC Committee Chairman Air Vice-Marshal N B Baldwin CB CBE FRAeS Vice-Chairman Group Captain J D Heron OBE Secretary Group Captain K J Dearman FRAeS Membership Secretary Dr Jack Dunham PhD CPsychol AMRAeS Treasurer J Boyes TD CA Members Air Commodore G R Pitchfork MBE BA FRAes *J S Cox Esq BA MA *Dr M A Fopp MA FMA FIMgt *Group Captain A J Byford MA MA RAF *Wing Commander P K Kendall BSc ARCS MA RAF Wing Commander C Cummings Editor & Publications Wing Commander C G Jefford MBE BA Manager *Ex Officio 4 CONTENTS RFC BOMBS & BOMBING 1912-1918 by AVM Peter Dye 8 THE DEVELOPMENT OF RAF BOMBS, 1919-1939 by 15 Stuart Hadaway RAF BOMBS AND BOMBING 1939-1945 by Nina Burls 25 THE DEVELOPMENT OF RAF GUNS AND 37 AMMUNITION FROM WORLD WAR 1 TO THE
    [Show full text]
  • New Technology for NATO: Implementing Follow-On Forces Attack
    New Technology for NATO: Implementing Follow-On Forces Attack June 1987 NTIS order #PB87-200267 Recommended Citation: U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, New Technology for NATO: Im- plementing Follow-On Force Attack, OTA-ISC-309 (Washington, DC: U.S. Gov- ernment Printing Office, June 1987). Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 87-619814 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402-9325 (order form on p. 231) Foreword The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) has been wrestling with a fundamental dilemma: how, within the confines of a strategy constrained by po- litics and geography, to maintain deterrence against the numerically superior and increasingly technically sophisticated forces of the Warsaw Pact. Nuclear weapons underpin NATO’s deterrent, but Alliance military planners are uncomfortable with the prospect of a conventional defense that could be overwhelmed so rapidly as to require early resort to nuclear weapons. Under the leadership of the Supreme Allied Commander, Europe (SACEUR), General Bernard W. Rogers, NATO has sought to remedy this situation by exploiting a broad range of emerging technol- ogies to enable it to effectively attack the follow-on forces of a Warsaw Pact offensive—those ground forces that would extend and support the successes of the initial attackers against NATO’s defenders—and thus help even the odds on those fronts where armies are actually engaged. The adoption of the Follow-On Forces Attack (FOFA) concept has raised a number of serious, complicated, and interrelated issues for the United States and the other members of NATO. The range of issues is broad—encompassing politi- cal, military, and technological questions—although no single issue is dramatic enough to garner headlines in any but the most specialized press.
    [Show full text]
  • Germany Signed: 3 December 2008 Ratified: 8 July 2009 Entered Into Force: 1 August 2010
    Last updated: 19 September 2019 Germany Signed: 3 December 2008 Ratified: 8 July 2009 Entered into force: 1 August 2010 Article 3 - Stockpile destruction and retention Completed destruction of its cluster munition stockpiles in November 2015 Has retained some cluster munitions for training purposes in accordance with Article 3.6 Article 4 - Clearance and risk reduction education Clearance obligation deadline: 1 August 2020, extended to 1 August 2025 Estimated contaminated area: 11 million m2 Total of 1.452 million m2 cleared in 2017 and 2018 Submitted extension request that was considered at the 9MSP; analysis of the request can be found here Article 5 - Victim assistance Does not have cluster munition victims Article 6 - International cooperation and assistance Provided financial assistance in 2018 for mine action (including cluster munitions) to: Afghanistan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Cambodia, Colombia, Iraq, Myanmar, Somalia, South Sudan, Syria, Ukraine, Western Sahara, and Yemen Article 7 - Transparency measures Initial transparency report submitted on 27 January 2011 Annual reports submitted covering: 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, and 2018 Article 9 - National implementation measures Inserted prohibitions on cluster munitions into the War Weapons Control Act in 2009 that includes penal sanctions as required by the CCM Focal point contact details Focal point contact details Capital Geneva Federal Foreign Office: [email protected] Mr. Toralf Pilz: [email protected] Declaration of Compliance with Article 3 of the Convention on Cluster Munitions Submitted by Germany 4 July 2016 I. Declaration of Compliance 1. At the First Review Conference of the Convention on Cluster Munitions, States Parties agreed on the Dubrovnik Action Plan (DAP), contained in the Final Report of 13 October 2015 (CCM/CONF/2015/7).
    [Show full text]
  • Top 10 Fastest Aircrafts in the World. There Are Very Many Aircraft That Pdf
    50SKYSHADESImage not found or type unknown- aviation news TOP 10 FASTEST AIRCRAFTS IN THE WORLD News / Manufacturer Image not found or type unknown There are very many aircraft that has exceeded the speed of mach 2.0. Some of them are research aircraft, some are military and some are simply flying for reconnaissance purposes. But there is always something special with supersonic aircraft. Just imagine flying at an altitude of 5 kilometers, hearing a “go” from the radio and pushing that throttle backwards while feeling the 100+kN engine accelerating you to speeds higher than any other lifeform has ever been seen © 2015-2021 50SKYSHADES.COM — Reproduction, copying, or redistribution for commercial purposes is prohibited. 1 doing. But you are not the fast one, you are just the passenger. The aircraft that you are flying in, the machine that gives you powers to rise above the clouds in mere minutes is the true masterpiece. The masterpiece of military engineering. In this article we will look into ten of the fastest military aircraft ever flown and see what they have in the trunk. Number 10: Sukhoi Su-27 Flanker. Its top speed of 2.35 mach brings it to the very edge of USSR craftmanship with a twin engine and the first fly-by-wire control system on a Russian jet ever. It was built for air superiority to counter the new American 3.5 gen fighters such as the F-15 Eagle. It is armed with a 30 mm gun and 10 external pylons that can hold both Air-to-Air, heat- seeking, short and medium range missiles.
    [Show full text]
  • A Global Survey Acknowledgements
    A global survey Acknowledgements The United Kingdom Department for International Development (DFID) funded the research and production of this report. Their support is greatly appreciated. The views expressed in this report, including the legal status of any country, territory or area, or of its authorities or armed groups, are those of the author and do not necessarily represent those of Landmine Action or DFID. Comments, clarifications and corrections from governments and others are welcomed. Written by John Borrie With research assistance from: Richard Liu, Lucien Maire, Vanessa Martin (UNIDIR). Editors: Rosy Cave and Richard Lloyd Published in June 2003 by Landmine Action, 89 Albert Embankment, London SE1 7TP, UK www.landmineaction.org Copyright © Landmine Action 2003 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data. A catalogue record of this report is available from the British Library. ISBN 0 9536717 5 5 Landmine Action is a not-for-profit company limited by guarantee. Registered in England and Wales no. 3895803. John Borrie is Visiting Research Fellow, UNIDIR Design and print by Calverts 020 7739 1474 Contents Glossary 1. Introduction 3 2. Background 4 3. How ERW can affect communities 8 4. Global overview 10 5. Sub-saharan Africa 16 6. The Americas 27 7. Asia and the Pacific 32 8. Europe, the Caucasus and central Asia 45 9. Middle East and north Africa 58 10. Conclusions 67 Select Bibliography 70 Endnotes 71 Glossary of acronyms and terms Abandoned ordnance: explosive ordnance clearly that UXO-risk education and awareness Landmine Monitor: Landmine Monitor is that has not been prepared for use or used and are important components of demining, and an initiative of the International Campaign to which is not under the control of a party or parties not only physical clearance.
    [Show full text]