Harrier Kitography" ~ Graham James
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Pegasus Vectored-Thrust Turbofan Engine
Pegasus Vectored-thrust Turbofan Engine Matador Harrier Sea Harrier AV-8A International Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmark 24 July 1993 International Air Tattoo '93 RAF Fairford The American Society of Mechanical Engineers I MECH E I NTERNATIONAL H ISTORIC M ECHANICAL E NGINEERING L ANDMARK PEGASUS V ECTORED-THRUST T URBOFAN ENGINE 1960 T HE B RISTOL AERO-ENGINES (ROLLS-R OYCE) PEGASUS ENGINE POWERED THE WORLD'S FIRST PRACTICAL VERTICAL/SHORT-TAKEOFF-AND-LANDING JET AIRCRAFT , THE H AWKER P. 1127 K ESTREL. USING FOUR ROTATABLE NOZZLES, ITS THRUST COULD BE DIRECTED DOWNWARD TO LIFT THE AIRCRAFT, REARWARD FOR WINGBORNE FLIGHT, OR IN BETWEEN TO ENABLE TRANSITION BETWEEN THE TWO FLIGHT REGIMES. T HIS ENGINE, SERIAL NUMBER BS 916, WAS PART OF THE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM AND IS THE EARLIEST KNOWN SURVIVOR. PEGASUS ENGINE REMAIN IN PRODUCTION FOR THE H ARRIER II AIRCRAFT. T HE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF M ECHANICAL ENGINEERS T HE INSTITUTION OF M ECHANICAL ENGINEERS 1993 Evolution of the Pegasus Vectored-thrust Engine Introduction cern resulted in a perceived need trol and stability problems associ- The Pegasus vectored for combat runways for takeoff and ated with the transition from hover thrust engine provides the power landing, and which could, if re- to wing-borne flight. for the first operational vertical quired, be dispersed for operation The concepts examined and short takeoff and landing jet from unprepared and concealed and pursued to full-flight demon- aircraft. The Harrier entered ser- sites. Naval interest focused on a stration included "tail sitting" types vice with the Royal Air Force (RAF) similar objective to enable ship- exemplified by the Convair XFY-1 in 1969, followed by the similar borne combat aircraft to operate and mounted jet engines, while oth- AV-8A with the United States Ma- from helicopter-size platforms and ers used jet augmentation by means rine Corps in 1971. -
Cluster Weapons – Military Utility and Alternatives
FFI-rapport/2007/02345 Cluster weapons – military utility and alternatives Ove Dullum Forsvarets forskningsinstitutt/Norwegian Defence Research Establishment (FFI) 1 February 2008 FFI-rapport 2007/02345 Oppdrag 351301 ISBN 978-82-464-1318-1 Keywords Militære operasjoner / Military operations Artilleri / Artillery Flybomber / Aircraft bombs Klasevåpen / Cluster weapons Ammunisjon / Ammunition Approved by Ove Dullum Project manager Jan Ivar Botnan Director of Research Jan Ivar Botnan Director 2 FFI-rapport/2007/02345 English summary This report is made through the sponsorship of the Royal Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Its purpose is to get an overview of the military utility of cluster munitions, and to find to which degree their capacity can be substituted by current conventional weapons or weapons that are on the verge of becoming available. Cluster munition roughly serve three purposes; firstly to defeat soft targets, i e personnel; secondly to defeat armoured of light armoured vehicles; and thirdly to contribute to the suppressive effect, i e to avoid enemy forces to use their weapons without inflicting too much damage upon them. The report seeks to quantify the effect of such munitions and to compare this effect with that of conventional weapons and more modern weapons. The report discusses in some detail how such weapons work and which effect they have against different targets. The fragment effect is the most important one. Other effects are the armour piercing effect, the blast effect, and the incendiary effect. Quantitative descriptions of such effects are usually only found in classified literature. However, this report is exclusively based on unclassified sources. The availability of such sources has been sufficient to get an adequate picture of the effect of such weapons. -
Sopwith and Hawker at the Ham Factory, North Kingston
SOPWITH AND HAWKER AT THE HAM FACTORY, NORTH KINGSTON The National Aircraft Factory No.2 was built through the winter of 1917 by the Ministry of Munitions and leased by Sopwith Aviation to more than double their production capacity The factory which stood near Ham Common on the road between Kingston and Richmond was built in 26 weeks. It was one of four huge factories in a scheme where contractors would make aircraft under licence but Sopwith leased this one to build their own products. From April 1918 hundreds of Sopwith fighter aircraft were being built at Ham Sopwith Snipes, Dolphins and Salamanders were built in large numbers but, when the war ended a year earlier than predicted, many orders were cancelled leaving huge stocks of unwanted components. Sopwith’s offer to buy the factory was refused by the Government and it was sold for £227,000 to Leyland Motors In 1948 Leyland Motors sold the Ham factory to Hawker Aircraft Ltd who needed a large factory in which to build their new jet aircraft designs By the late 1940s the Canbury Park Road Kingston Factory was unsuitable for modern aircraft design and construction and Hawker Aircraft’s Langley satellite factory was too close to the new Heathrow airport. The Company considered moving completely to a large factory in Blackpool before approaching Leyland Motors to buy the Ham Factory occupied by Sopwith Aviation 30 years earlier. The price was agreed at £585,000. Through the 1950s Hawker Hunters were in “Super Priority” production at Ham for the Royal Air Force and other NATO forces With the Cold War at its height the Government and NATO gave “Super Priority” status to Hunter production at the Ham factory and also at Hawker’s satellite factory at Blackpool and Armstrong Whitworth’s at Bagginton, Coventry. -
Front Cover: Airbus 2050 Future Concept Aircraft
AEROSPACE 2017 February 44 Number 2 Volume Society Royal Aeronautical www.aerosociety.com ACCELERATING INNOVATION WHY TODAY IS THE BEST TIME EVER TO BE AN AEROSPACE ENGINEER February 2017 PROPELLANTLESS SPACE DRIVES – FLIGHTS OF FANCY? BOOM PLOTS RETURN TO SUPERSONIC FLIGHT INDIA’S NAVAL AIR POWER Have you renewed your Membership Subscription for 2017? Your membership subscription was due on 1 January 2017. As per the Society’s Regulations all How to renew: membership benefits will be suspended where Online: a payment for an individual subscription has Log in to your account on the Society’s www.aerosociety.com not been received after three months of the due website to pay at . If you date. However, this excludes members paying do not have an account, you can register online their annual subscriptions by Direct Debits in and pay your subscription straight away. monthly installments. Additionally members Telephone: Call the Subscriptions Department who are entitled to vote in the Society’s AGM on +44 (0)20 7670 4315 / 4304 will lose their right to vote if their subscription has not been paid. Cheque: Cheques should be made payable to the Royal Aeronautical Society and sent to the Don’t lose out on your membership benefits, Subscriptions Department at No.4 Hamilton which include: Place, London W1J 7BQ, UK. • Your monthly subscription to AEROSPACE BACS Transfer: Pay by Bank Transfer (or by magazine BACS) into the Society’s bank account, quoting • Use of your RAeS post nominals as your name and membership number. Bank applicable details: • Over 400 global events yearly • Discounted rates for conferences Bank: HSBC plc • Online publications including Society News, Sort Code: 40-05-22 blogs and podcasts Account No: 01564641 • Involvement with your local branch BIC: MIDLGB2107K • Networking opportunities IBAN: GB52MIDL400522 01564641 • Support gaining Professional Registration • Opportunities & recognition with awards and medals • Professional development and support .. -
Aircraft of Today. Aerospace Education I
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 068 287 SE 014 551 AUTHOR Sayler, D. S. TITLE Aircraft of Today. Aerospace EducationI. INSTITUTION Air Univ.,, Maxwell AFB, Ala. JuniorReserve Office Training Corps. SPONS AGENCY Department of Defense, Washington, D.C. PUB DATE 71 NOTE 179p. EDRS PRICE MF-$0.65 HC-$6.58 DESCRIPTORS *Aerospace Education; *Aerospace Technology; Instruction; National Defense; *PhysicalSciences; *Resource Materials; Supplementary Textbooks; *Textbooks ABSTRACT This textbook gives a brief idea aboutthe modern aircraft used in defense and forcommercial purposes. Aerospace technology in its present form has developedalong certain basic principles of aerodynamic forces. Differentparts in an airplane have different functions to balance theaircraft in air, provide a thrust, and control the general mechanisms.Profusely illustrated descriptions provide a picture of whatkinds of aircraft are used for cargo, passenger travel, bombing, and supersonicflights. Propulsion principles and descriptions of differentkinds of engines are quite helpful. At the end of each chapter,new terminology is listed. The book is not available on the market andis to be used only in the Air Force ROTC program. (PS) SC AEROSPACE EDUCATION I U S DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. EDUCATION & WELFARE OFFICE OF EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRO OUCH) EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIG INATING IT POINTS OF VIEW OR OPIN 'IONS STATED 00 NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE OF EOU CATION POSITION OR POLICY AIR FORCE JUNIOR ROTC MR,UNIVERS17/14AXWELL MR FORCEBASE, ALABAMA Aerospace Education I Aircraft of Today D. S. Sayler Academic Publications Division 3825th Support Group (Academic) AIR FORCE JUNIOR ROTC AIR UNIVERSITY MAXWELL AIR FORCE BASE, ALABAMA 2 1971 Thispublication has been reviewed and approvedby competent personnel of the preparing command in accordance with current directiveson doctrine, policy, essentiality, propriety, and quality. -
Cluster Munition Monitor 2018
CLUSTER MUNITION MONITOR 2018 Monitoring and Research Committee, ICBL-CMC Governance Board Danish Demining Group Human Rights Watch Humanity & Inclusion (HI) Mines Action Canada Research team leaders ICBL-CMC staff experts © August 2018 by International Campaign to Ban Landmines – Cluster Munition Coalition (ICBL-CMC). All rights reserved. ISBN: 978-2-9701146-3-5 Front cover photograph © Sean Sutton/MAG, March 2017 Back cover photographs © Sean Sutton/MAG, March 2017 and Blaise Kormann/HI, July 2017 Cover, text design, and layout by Lixar I.T. Inc. Landmine and Cluster Munition Monitor provides research and monitoring for the Cluster Munition Coalition (CMC) and the International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL) and is a formal program of the ICBL-CMC. For more information visit www.the-monitor.org or email [email protected]. Landmine and Cluster Munition Monitor makes an effort to limit the environmental footprint of reports by publishing all of our research reports online. This report is available online. Detailed country profiles are available online at www.the-monitor.org/cp CLUSTER MUNITION COALITION The Cluster Munition Coalition (CMC) is an international civil society campaign working to eradicate cluster munitions and prevent further harm from these weapons. The CMC works through its members to change the policy and practice of governments and organizations and to raise awareness of the devastation that cluster munitions cause The CMC is committed to the 2008 Convention on Cluster Munitions as the best framework for ending the use, production, stockpiling, and transfer of cluster munitions and for destroying stockpiles, clearing contaminated areas, and assisting affected communities. -
The Raf Harrier Story
THE RAF HARRIER STORY ROYAL AIR FORCE HISTORICAL SOCIETY 2 The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the contributors concerned and are not necessarily those held by the Royal Air Force Historical Society. Copyright 2006: Royal Air Force Historical Society First published in the UK in 2006 by the Royal Air Force Historical Society All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission from the Publisher in writing. ISBN 0-9530345-2-6 Printed by Advance Book Printing Unit 9 Northmoor Park Church Road Northmoor OX29 5UH 3 ROYAL AIR FORCE HISTORICAL SOCIETY President Marshal of the Royal Air Force Sir Michael Beetham GCB CBE DFC AFC Vice-President Air Marshal Sir Frederick Sowrey KCB CBE AFC Committee Chairman Air Vice-Marshal N B Baldwin CB CBE FRAeS Vice-Chairman Group Captain J D Heron OBE Secretary Group Captain K J Dearman Membership Secretary Dr Jack Dunham PhD CPsychol AMRAeS Treasurer J Boyes TD CA Members Air Commodore H A Probert MBE MA *J S Cox Esq BA MA *Dr M A Fopp MA FMA FIMgt *Group Captain N Parton BSc (Hons) MA MDA MPhil CEng FRAeS RAF *Wing Commander D Robertson RAF Wing Commander C Cummings Editor & Publications Wing Commander C G Jefford MBE BA Manager *Ex Officio 4 CONTENTS EARLY HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES AND EMERGING 8 STAFF TARGETS by Air Chf Mshl Sir Patrick Hine JET LIFT by Prof John F Coplin 14 EVOLUTION OF THE PEGASUS VECTORED -
Conventional Weapons
ROYAL AIR FORCE HISTORICAL SOCIETY JOURNAL 45 2 The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the contributors concerned and are not necessarily those held by the Royal Air Force Historical Society. First published in the UK in 2009 by the Royal Air Force Historical Society All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission from the Publisher in writing. ISSN 1361 4231 Printed by Windrush Group Windrush House Avenue Two Station Lane Witney OX28 4XW 3 ROYAL AIR FORCE HISTORICAL SOCIETY President Marshal of the Royal Air Force Sir Michael Beetham GCB CBE DFC AFC Vice-President Air Marshal Sir Frederick Sowrey KCB CBE AFC Committee Chairman Air Vice-Marshal N B Baldwin CB CBE FRAeS Vice-Chairman Group Captain J D Heron OBE Secretary Group Captain K J Dearman FRAeS Membership Secretary Dr Jack Dunham PhD CPsychol AMRAeS Treasurer J Boyes TD CA Members Air Commodore G R Pitchfork MBE BA FRAes *J S Cox Esq BA MA *Dr M A Fopp MA FMA FIMgt *Group Captain A J Byford MA MA RAF *Wing Commander P K Kendall BSc ARCS MA RAF Wing Commander C Cummings Editor & Publications Wing Commander C G Jefford MBE BA Manager *Ex Officio 4 CONTENTS RFC BOMBS & BOMBING 1912-1918 by AVM Peter Dye 8 THE DEVELOPMENT OF RAF BOMBS, 1919-1939 by 15 Stuart Hadaway RAF BOMBS AND BOMBING 1939-1945 by Nina Burls 25 THE DEVELOPMENT OF RAF GUNS AND 37 AMMUNITION FROM WORLD WAR 1 TO THE -
New Technology for NATO: Implementing Follow-On Forces Attack
New Technology for NATO: Implementing Follow-On Forces Attack June 1987 NTIS order #PB87-200267 Recommended Citation: U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, New Technology for NATO: Im- plementing Follow-On Force Attack, OTA-ISC-309 (Washington, DC: U.S. Gov- ernment Printing Office, June 1987). Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 87-619814 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402-9325 (order form on p. 231) Foreword The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) has been wrestling with a fundamental dilemma: how, within the confines of a strategy constrained by po- litics and geography, to maintain deterrence against the numerically superior and increasingly technically sophisticated forces of the Warsaw Pact. Nuclear weapons underpin NATO’s deterrent, but Alliance military planners are uncomfortable with the prospect of a conventional defense that could be overwhelmed so rapidly as to require early resort to nuclear weapons. Under the leadership of the Supreme Allied Commander, Europe (SACEUR), General Bernard W. Rogers, NATO has sought to remedy this situation by exploiting a broad range of emerging technol- ogies to enable it to effectively attack the follow-on forces of a Warsaw Pact offensive—those ground forces that would extend and support the successes of the initial attackers against NATO’s defenders—and thus help even the odds on those fronts where armies are actually engaged. The adoption of the Follow-On Forces Attack (FOFA) concept has raised a number of serious, complicated, and interrelated issues for the United States and the other members of NATO. The range of issues is broad—encompassing politi- cal, military, and technological questions—although no single issue is dramatic enough to garner headlines in any but the most specialized press. -
Mcdonnell DOUGLAS AV-8 HARRIER
McDONNELL DOUGLAS AV-8 HARRIER AV-8 SERVICE Origins: Developed from the British built Hawker Siddeley Harrier built by the following manufacturers: Hawker Siddeley Aviation Ltd., (became BAe in 1977), Kingston upon Thames, Surrey, England 403 as the Harrier, 18 variants, 1960 – 1995, ff: 21/10/1960 102 as the Sea Harrier, 4 variants, 1978 – 1998, ff: 30/12/1978. McDonnell Douglas Corp., McDonnell Aircraft Co. Division, St. Louis, Missouri, USA 320 as the AV-8, 1981 – 1997, ff: 05/11/1981. Manufacturer: McDonnell Douglas Corp., McDonnell Aircraft Co. Division, St. Louis, Missouri, USA (In 1997, became The Boeing Co., Seattle, Washington, USA) Model: P.1127 Designations: A-8 (AV-8); V-6, V-16 (AV-16), VZ-12 Names: Harrier; Harrier II (AV-8B); Kestrel (XV-6A), Matador (Spain) First official flight: AV-8A 20/11/1970 AV-8B 05/11/1981 Factory production period: 1970 – 1980 (AV-8A) 1981 – 1997 (AV-8B) Primary service period: 1971 – present Last official flight: - - AV-8 VARIANTS Foreign built – England: 1964 Model P.1127 XV-6A 9 Total: 009 1970 Model: - AV-8A 102 1975 Model: - TAV-8A 8 Total: 110 1976 Model: - AV-8S 11 1976 Model: - TAV-8S 2 Total: 013 Total: 132 1981 Model: - AV-8B 275 1986 Model: - TAV-8B 25 Total: 300 1987 Model: - EAV-8B 20 Total: 020 Total: 320 Grand Total: 452 AV-8 PRODUCTION Foreign built – England: XV-6A Kestrel British prototype, single-engined, VTOL fighter delivered for USAF evaluation in 1966. 2 earlier prototypes, (s/n: 62-4507, 62-4508), designated as VZ-12A were not delivered. -
Germany Signed: 3 December 2008 Ratified: 8 July 2009 Entered Into Force: 1 August 2010
Last updated: 19 September 2019 Germany Signed: 3 December 2008 Ratified: 8 July 2009 Entered into force: 1 August 2010 Article 3 - Stockpile destruction and retention Completed destruction of its cluster munition stockpiles in November 2015 Has retained some cluster munitions for training purposes in accordance with Article 3.6 Article 4 - Clearance and risk reduction education Clearance obligation deadline: 1 August 2020, extended to 1 August 2025 Estimated contaminated area: 11 million m2 Total of 1.452 million m2 cleared in 2017 and 2018 Submitted extension request that was considered at the 9MSP; analysis of the request can be found here Article 5 - Victim assistance Does not have cluster munition victims Article 6 - International cooperation and assistance Provided financial assistance in 2018 for mine action (including cluster munitions) to: Afghanistan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Cambodia, Colombia, Iraq, Myanmar, Somalia, South Sudan, Syria, Ukraine, Western Sahara, and Yemen Article 7 - Transparency measures Initial transparency report submitted on 27 January 2011 Annual reports submitted covering: 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, and 2018 Article 9 - National implementation measures Inserted prohibitions on cluster munitions into the War Weapons Control Act in 2009 that includes penal sanctions as required by the CCM Focal point contact details Focal point contact details Capital Geneva Federal Foreign Office: [email protected] Mr. Toralf Pilz: [email protected] Declaration of Compliance with Article 3 of the Convention on Cluster Munitions Submitted by Germany 4 July 2016 I. Declaration of Compliance 1. At the First Review Conference of the Convention on Cluster Munitions, States Parties agreed on the Dubrovnik Action Plan (DAP), contained in the Final Report of 13 October 2015 (CCM/CONF/2015/7). -
A Global Survey Acknowledgements
A global survey Acknowledgements The United Kingdom Department for International Development (DFID) funded the research and production of this report. Their support is greatly appreciated. The views expressed in this report, including the legal status of any country, territory or area, or of its authorities or armed groups, are those of the author and do not necessarily represent those of Landmine Action or DFID. Comments, clarifications and corrections from governments and others are welcomed. Written by John Borrie With research assistance from: Richard Liu, Lucien Maire, Vanessa Martin (UNIDIR). Editors: Rosy Cave and Richard Lloyd Published in June 2003 by Landmine Action, 89 Albert Embankment, London SE1 7TP, UK www.landmineaction.org Copyright © Landmine Action 2003 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data. A catalogue record of this report is available from the British Library. ISBN 0 9536717 5 5 Landmine Action is a not-for-profit company limited by guarantee. Registered in England and Wales no. 3895803. John Borrie is Visiting Research Fellow, UNIDIR Design and print by Calverts 020 7739 1474 Contents Glossary 1. Introduction 3 2. Background 4 3. How ERW can affect communities 8 4. Global overview 10 5. Sub-saharan Africa 16 6. The Americas 27 7. Asia and the Pacific 32 8. Europe, the Caucasus and central Asia 45 9. Middle East and north Africa 58 10. Conclusions 67 Select Bibliography 70 Endnotes 71 Glossary of acronyms and terms Abandoned ordnance: explosive ordnance clearly that UXO-risk education and awareness Landmine Monitor: Landmine Monitor is that has not been prepared for use or used and are important components of demining, and an initiative of the International Campaign to which is not under the control of a party or parties not only physical clearance.