The official magazine of the Aircraft Owner and Pilots Association www.aopa.co.uk

The

There's a new trainer in town – the first new onkid the Sonaca 200 has landed, and it's all set to shake up the block UK's schools

FIRST SOLO IN A HUNTER HUNTERS EVERYWHERE STALLING SCENARIOS Nick Wilcock takes you on a Henry Simpson visits Hawker Matt Lane takes a look at journey back to when he first Hunter Aviation to see what it applied stall training and asks flew solo in a single-seat jet takes to keep them flying if we've lost the objective

MAGAZINE 08.2019 FREE TO MEMBERS WWW.AOPA.CO.UK

03 CHAIRMAN'S MESSAGE TIME TO HAND EDITOR David Rawlings OUT A LOT OF [email protected]

ART EDITOR THANKYOUS Dan Payne [email protected] WILL start this month’s message with 'thankyous'. Aero Expo has come and gone for another year. It takes a great deal of planning and preparation SUB EDITOR beforehand and then it's over and we’re packing up. The first thanks goes Lucy Debenham I to the AOPA team who organise the AOPA marquee, and all those who volunteered their time to help set it up on the Wednesday afternoon and then manned CONTRIBUTORS the marquee all weekend, to finally helping with the clearing up at the end. The weather Pauline Vahey, John Walker, Henry this year was typically changeable and kick-started the annual “are the numbers up Simpson, Malcolm Bird, George or down this year?” conversation. For AOPA, the numbers visiting the AOPA marquee Done, Matt Lane on the Friday and Saturday were definitely up from last year. Thanks go to Bob Darby and Allan Burrill who patiently demonstrated AOPA projects GAGA and GAINs to PUBLISHED BY members and their friends. Also, thanks to the White Waltham Joystick Club who AOPA UK brought their Tomahawk simulator and a Red Arrows pedal car for the AOPA marquee. 50a Cambridge Street, Both of these proved popular with children and young people and we hope will help London, SW1V 4QQ make aviation attractive to young people. The invitation stands for next year when +44 (0)20 7834 5631 they will have a brand-new Seneca simulator to show off. We also found room on the Saturday for the Guild of Aviation Artists to show some of their work. They reported ADVERTISING & SUBSCRIPTIONS considerable interest and hope to repeat the experiment for all three days next year. This is also the year AOPA formally thanks those people who have contributed to AOPA UK AOPA or to the wider General Aviation community in the UK. Given out at Saturday British Light Aviation Centre lunch time it was good to see a large number of supporters for the recipients. Finally, 50a Cambridge Street London, SW1V 4QQ thanks to all of you who came along to see us, whether it was because you were +44 (0)20 7834 5631 looking for some advice, renewing your membership, signing a friend up or just to enjoy the excellent sandwiches. We hope to see you all again next year. HEAD OF ADVERTISING Aero Expo is important to AOPA. It is an opportunity for members to meet the Board David Impey and Executive Committee and for them to meet the members. It’s also an important +44 (0)7742 605338 opportunity for signing up new members. AOPA is a membership association and without members it loses its point. This is why the Board is always reviewing the costs PRINTING of running the association which, of course, impacts on the membership fee and the Ruddocks work the association can do. In line with its fiduciary responsibilities the Board has 56 Great Northern Terrace, decided to sell its London HQ at 50a Cambridge Street. There are three benefits to Lincoln LN5 8HL this decision; it will minimise costs, London is expensive, and many organisations are +44 (0)1522 529591 moving out, including the CAA. It will enable the association to realise resources to www.ruddocks.co.uk invest in new areas; the work AOPA is doing is continually expanding as you will

have noted with the projects now undertaken. Finally, it’ll mean we can relocate © British Light Aviation Centre Ltd closer to the membership: maybe on or close to an airfield which will be more AOPA is a member of the International accessible to everyone rather than central London. Council of Aircraft Owners and If you’d like to understand more about this decision, remember, you are invited Pilots Association. IAOPA to the next Annual General Meeting to be held at 50a Cambridge Street on Tuesday 17 September. Until then goodbye and enjoy the summer now that the good weather is here. •

Articles, photographs and news items from AOPA members and other readers are welcome. Please send to the Editor. Inclusion of material in AOPA Magazine cannot be guaranteed, however, and remains at the discretion of the Editor. Material for consideration for the Pauline Vahey October issue should be recieved no later Chairman, AOPA UK than 01 September 2019. [email protected]

August 2019 AOPA Aircraft Owner and Pilot 04 INSIDE THIS MONTH CONTENTS AUGUST 2019

07AOPA AFFAIRS Drones and airspace seem 16NEWS All the latest news from the world of to be dominating AOPA's world at the General Aviation, including events, how the moment; Martin Robinson explains what the CAA has been helping, awards, and much, organisation has been doing. much more.

09AOPA COMMUNITY Your go-to guide for 24FLYING FEATURE The Hawker Hunter is an what's going on in the world of AOPA, and what instantly recognisable classic. Henry Simpson is being done to ensure you're protected and visits Hawker Hunter Aviation which is able to fly safely. dedicated to keeping them flying.

10WORKING FOR YOU AOPA's Chairman 28COVER STORY With ageing fleets a huge issue Pauline Vahey informs us of the latest news in schools around the UK, we take a look at the from the most recent Members Working brand new Sonaca 200 and how it can change Group meeting. the way students fly.

12PPL CORNER Nick Wilcock remembers the 36TRAINING FEATURE Matt Lane discusses stall day he went solo in a Hawker Hunter. Follow training, how it's used in the syllabus and asks this amazing story regarding the single-seat jet the important question: have we lost sight of and a novice pilot. the objective?

14HELP AND ADVICE Malcolm Bird and George 40TECH & BOOK REVIEWS Discover the latest Done believe that it's high time to look at aviation gadgets and books on the market. This Aviation Safety Reports, including MORs and issue focuses on the Berlin Airlift and new how a new system could help. products from Aspen Avionics.

15AIRFIELDS UPDATE John Walker reports 43CLASSIFIEDS Find pages packed with aviation- on the UK's airfields that are currently under related listings, as well as opportunities for threat from property developers as well as shares in aircraft, and reputable maintenance local councils. organisations.

AOPA Aircraft Owner and Pilot August 2019 05

EDITOR'S MOMENT Next month will see the 53rd AOPA AGM; it's your chance to have your say on what we 28 do as an organisation and how we can move forward. It takes place on Tuesday 17 September at AOPA's London HQ and is essential to the organiasation. If you want your voice heard, this is the forum for it, so go and have your say, or Boris might take over! This issue is packed with all things flying, perfect as we hit the middle of summer, so I hope you're all up in the sky as much as possible and making the most of the long evenings and calm weather. I went and saw the Sonaca 200 at Blackbushe Airport in July and it buoyed me to see so many people milling around an airport enjoying a coffee in the sunshine and watching the aircraft come and go. It was also good to see students stopping for a bite to eat on their cross-country expeditions. Long may it continue.

David Rawlings Editor, AOPA Magazine UK [email protected]

19 40

August 2019 AOPA Aircraft Owner and Pilot

07 AOPA AFFAIRS THE WORK CONTINUES TO GROW OPA responded to the All of this will evolve but it will be at the consultation on issues relating "There is also a cross-over point that we will have a better to VFR in Class D airspace proposal for another understanding of GA's future needs. Whilst A where, for safety reasons, we an electric powered aircraft may, for some, rejected the proposals. Our hope is that classification of airspace, be innovative and exciting, what about the DfT/CAA can find a way of achieving vintage/historic and airshows? If we lose compliance whilst taking on board the which may be designed airshows we will never get them back, so concerns that we have raised. Thank you to the government must take care. all of the members who shared their views just to support drone The industrial applications around drones with me – they were very helpful. and the commercialisation of GOLF and We also responded to the consultation operations" ECHO airspace will force changes on GA on drone registration. The full response and we need to make sure any change is has been posted on our website, and our airspace which is unmanaged airspace, affordable to GA. It is not feasible to halt support was given to the requirement meaning that most of the traffic is non- the expansion of drones – there are many for drones to be registered, although we commercial and therefore there are no vested interests so we must make sure questioned the ‘how’ and the associated means or need for chargeable services. that the future airspace system focuses on costs (supporting the BMFA position). However, as the drone market expands integration. I believe the CAA is looking there will be a requirement to manage towards achieving this, as is NATs. AVIATON 2050 the ‘GOLF’ airspace, as the aim overall is To cope with the volume of drones that The Government consultation, Aviation integration of users and not segregation. are being spoken about, the management 2050, was also responded to by the June Given the eventual expected volumes of of the airspace will need high levels of deadline, trying to look at where airspace, drones, ATC as we know it will become automation – unmanned services. No one aerodromes, aircraft and pilots may be by automated but this automation has to work can explain what the future UTM system 2050. The full response will be posted on for all users. will look like or where GA will need to make the web soon. At European level talk around U-Space use of the services, but this is where we will It’s a view, but given that the iPhone services continues to expand. There is need to have more conversations if we are began life 12 years ago, we have witnessed also a proposal for another classification to protect GA’s access to airspace. As the the rapid progress that smartphones and of airspace which may be designed just to volume of airspace users of GOLF airspace tablets have made. Trying to think about support drone operations, squeezing GA increases there will be a need to better GA in 2050 has been very challenging. yet again. Our position is clear integration manage all of the lower airspace, and having However, we assume that airspace will not segregation. However as airspace use knowledge of the numbers will push GA become more IP driven, and as we continue is further commercialised, who should pay? towards providing more data. to digitise, data will play an important role And if GA uses the automated services and GA will need to think about how using (designed for drone operations) should we MEETINGS data will support our activities making GA only have to pay for what we use? It was great to meet many of our safer and more cost efficient. By 2030 it How will an automated traffic management members at Aero Expo at Wycombe and is likely that passenger-carrying drones system function where GA may need: congratulations to all the AOPA award will be in widespread use. Manufacturers traffic information, traffic alerting, traffic winners. All well deserving. Finally I met with such as Boeing, Bell and Airbus are making separation/avoidance, plus NOTAM and Rachel Gardiner Poole, the new head of the huge investments in this area. EASA has weather updates? We do not know what CAA GA Unit. Rachel replaces Tony Rapson. established a task for the certification of a services drones will require! Therefore by We discussed a number of issues covering five seat drone up to 2000kgs. As these engaging now we will be able to understand the impact of a ‘No Deal Brexit’ through to Urban Air Vehicles (UAV) will rely on what the needs may be for each user. ‘gold plating’ issues. AOPA wishes Rachel automated traffic systems, this too will be a success in her new, albeit challenging, role. • challenge in the years ahead and one which EXPANSION will impact on GA if we fail to act. At the As more societal pressure is applied to recent CAA conference ‘Share the Air’ this governments globally on climate change, was discussed and NATS presented the more focus will fall on aviation. The airline work it has been doing through operation industry will begin to use biofuels more; Zenith. UK airspace is either managed AVGAS will come under greater scrutiny. or unmanaged (uncontrolled) and has an During the EASA GA event last year the Martin Robinson ICAO classification. Most of the time GA point was made about the need for GA CEO, AOPA UK (VFR) operations take place in class GOLF to move toward hybrid/electric engines. [email protected]

August 2019 AOPA Aircraft Owner and Pilot

AOPA COMMUNITY 09 HELPING YOU STAY FLYING Welcome to the AOPA Community section of the magazine, bringing you all the news and insights from the world of AOPA...

WORKING FOR YOU 10 News from the MWG

PPL CORNER 12 A member reflects

ADVICE 14 Safety reports

AIRFIELDS UPDATE 15 The airfields under threat

August 2019 AOPA Aircraft Owner and Pilot 10 AOPA COMMUNITY Working For You

WORDS Pauline Vahey IMAGES various LATEST FROM MEMBERS WORKING GROUP The Members Working Group meets on a regular basis to discuss the latest concerns from the world of GA. Here are the latest topics

THE MEMBERS Working MR had attended a meeting in synonymous. Group’s (MWG) latest Brussels where the European "Drones were Mode S uses 1090 kHz concerns were discussed in Parliament had told SESAR heading towards however it was expected that front of the AOPA board on to sort out the road block. by 2025–30 the frequency Friday 12 July. Here’s what Eurocontrol said the lower 5G technology would be swamped. Drones was discussed… airspace must be sorted before are heading towards using they can begin to address and GA should the emerging 5G technology AOPA’S CEO UPDATE the upper airspace issues, for and GA should also look at AIRSPACE: Martin Robinson example one TMA for Luton, look at using 5G" using 5G. In future it would started with an update on CAP Stansted and Heathrow. be possible to geofence 1711 Airspace Modernisation MR stressed that it was up aerodromes and turn Strategy, MR being of the to GA to start thinking about airspace on and off using IP opinion that it was in need of a what they want, otherwise they communications instead of rethink. He had written to the would end up being the last 8.33 kHz. It is important to CAA to that effect. Mark Swan, in the queue for airspace. GA think digital for the future. It Director Airspace Strategy, needs to be vocal now for the would be wrong to mandate CAA was planning to hold a changes it wants for the next ADS-B by 2024, by which technology and innovation ten years. There would be a time it would be swamped. The seminar in June. There was trade-off between conspicuity US had developed Universal currently no technology and better access to airspace. Access Transceiver (UAT), roadmap and by 2030 it The US has a lot of Class E however it was recognised was expected that IP-based airspace and areas of high- that the development of co- airspace management would density traffic requiring a existence UAT and 1090 would be in use. Free route airspace transponder. There is also a lot be prohibitively expensive. would be managed by the of Class E airspace in France UAT would never be used in aircrew with constant descent which works well, although Europe except for perhaps approaches. a TMZ and Class E are not weather information. NATS is using satellite-derived information broadcast across GPS. NATS in conjunction with AOPA are developing a paper on the subject. There are 11 million flights in Europe which is expected to rise to 13 million in the next five years. CAP1122 (installation of GNSS approaches at GA aerodromes) is still frozen. MR has written to Dame Deidre Hutton, Chairman of the CAA, expressing dissatisfaction with the disconnect in the CAA. There are fifteen GA applications in with the CAA currently. Installation at Haverford West is still in progress, Gloucester is not CAP 1122 and Stapleford is proving challenging. It was thought the CAA was Will drones be part of our airspace soon? not prepared to take the risk

AOPA Aircraft Owner and Pilot August 2019 11 associated with CAP 1122. should be sent to MR. The Using the same logic, it could current line is that their hands be argued that having an IMC are tied by EASA w.r.t GA. Rating makes flying in IMC AOPA had questioned Mrs dangerous. May’s comments in Parliament Drones are looking for U on air transport recently and airspace, to use airspace up the future relationship with to 200 feet, and not just in EASA. EASA had temporary one area. Class U would cover regulation for the UK and it all airspace when air traffic would continue for twelve service is automated. Drone months as the outcome is still activity and GA activity need unknown. to be integrated. It could be that GA could adopt the lighter MID-AIR COLLISION drone technology and the CAA AVOIDANCE GROUP are about to start a programme There were concerns to look into the feasibility of regarding the rise in this. Otherwise GA could find incidents reflected in a need itself squeezed out by drones for situational awareness at one end and CAS at the technology. The Air Prox other. Any devices have to be data collected by George affordable, improve safety and Capon was to be published give better access to airspace. by AOPA. There was a 17 per AOPA is part of this discussion cent increase in infringements and continues to take the lead. in 2018 over the figures for It should be noted that the 2017. This causes considerable figure for Amazon drops issues with ATC as controllers in France is 800 drops per have to be taken offline when hour, which would indicate a serious incident occurs. It not just an airspace issue but is also having the knock-on also a noise issue. German effect of making controllers privacy and noise laws will more difficult to recruit. The also have to be considered. Authority is going to move Low level approaches might to more prosecutions rather require rule changes, and there than re-education of pilots. would be a societal impact Interestingly 40 per cent too. Interestingly there was of infringements included a proposal from Facebook to an instructor in the aircraft. manage the lower airspace AOPA would be working with drones. The John Hopkins GASCo to look at the causal University in the US has factors. developed an algorithm to stop the engines of drones working INCREASE IN CAA'S FEES as part of their defence work. AOPA is saying no to the proposed increase in the DFT CAA’s fees and charges based AOPA has a good relationship on their poor performance. with Baroness Sugg, Aviation Minister who OTHER NEWS had responded within one EASA is doing research into month to a communication IMC flight using a German sim. from AOPA regarding the The UK has not issued one en Aviation Strategy Green route Instrument Rating. Paper. MR noted that anyone The CAA is publishing can comment on it. Once it another CAT on moving maps becomes a White Paper then as it seems pilots with moving it will be more difficult to maps are less likely to infringe. change and it will become With the advent of electric policy for a number of years. engines – which the CAA is GA is mentioned in Chapter taking seriously – also VAT 7. AOPA is responding and charges on professional flight any comments anyone wants training, and tax on AVGAS included in the AOPA response are also being scrutinised. •

August 2019 AOPA Aircraft Owner and Pilot 12 AOPA COMMUNITY PPL Corner

WORDS Nick Wilcock A FIRST SOLO WHERE THERE WAS NO CHOICE Nick Wilcock remembers his first real solo – an unusual experience, where even if he had wanted an instructor with him, he couldn't have one!

RECENT articles in our always wanted to own, but Walk round, prod, poke, squint, magazine make it clear that "Suddenly we could never quite afford. then up the ladder and into the everyone remembers their were airborne – Preferably SAH-tuned with cockpit. ‘Fitz’, a visiting CFS first solo. But for me, my triple 40DCOEs, hot cam, examiner (or ‘trapper’) keeps first trip in a single seat brakes on, gear tuned exhaust... a fatherly eye on proceedings aeroplane was a rather During 1975, I’d finished from the top of the ladder as more significant event, up, flaps up, my Gnat course and had I truss myself into a maze of which (apart from a freezing gear lights out, been awaiting a pre-Tactical webbing which would satisfy cold three-minute trip in Weapons Unit Hunter course. the most earnest bondage an ancient Slingsby Tutor pressurisation When the course eventually fetishist. Unlike the T7, the glider in 1967) was in the started, it was a few days’ single-seat Hunter had rather wonderful Hunter GT6 at master on... then groundschool, some simulator an ancient bang seat, with RAF Valley. trips and then on to the Hunter separate parachute and seat Why GT6? Well, take a at 500ft start the T Mk 7, otherwise known as harnesses, so it takes a while standard 1956 model Hunter right turn" the ‘barge’. After the compact to confirm that everything is F Mk 6, remove the heavy Gnat with its central warning correctly connected. Finally 4 x 30mm Aden gun pack, system, Hobson motor it’s time to lift the gangbar radar ranging, gunsight and pitch system and OR 946 and turn on the batteries. First the draggy ‘Sabrina’ link instrumentation, the barge surprise – there’s no intercom collectors, replace the old was a real backward step in sidetone. Because, of course, ‘Rebecca’ DME by a TACAN technology – and it seemed there’s no-one to talk to in a navigation system, so at least as big as an airliner! But after single-seater, stupid! I do the you know where you are, then passing the simulator check checks then wave my finger paint the whole thing in go- and the T7 dual rides, finally at the groundcrew and press faster high-gloss ‘raspberry the day came on 10 Dec 1975 the button. The Avpin starter ripple’ polyurethane paint and to fly a real single seat fighter works as expected and the there you have it. A true ‘GT’ for the first time! Get kitted up smell of burnt iso-propyl- model, unofficially christened in goon suit and G-suit, then nitrate soon fills the air. But after the Triumph GT6 sports out to the aeroplane parked all is well, gennies on, radio coupé of the time, which I’d by ‘Hunter beach’ at Valley. on, IFF on, power controls on.

Hunter GT6 of 4FTS, RAF Valley, 1975, where the weather is rarely as nice as in the photo!

AOPA Aircraft Owner and Pilot August 2019 13

AOPA FLYING INSTRUCTORS REFRESHER SEMINARS

For revalidation of an FI certificate, the holder shall fulfil two of the following three requirements: Hunters are still flying – see Henry Simpson's story on p.24

‘Fitz’ smiles, mouths “Have Tweak the control column 1 At least 50 hours of flight instruction fun!” and disappears, the back and the altimeter goes during certificate validity as ladder is removed and it’s time bananas – as does ATC as I’m FI, TRI, CTI, IRI, MI or Examiner; to call for taxi clearance. Next in the upper airspace without 2 Attend a Flight Instructor Refresher surprise, it’s so much easier to clearance! Then settle down to taxi than the barge and before some aeros and max rate turns Seminar within the validity of long I’m at the holding point. before aiming back at Valley the certificate; and Take-off clearance received, for a QGH controlled descent 3 Pass an Assessment of Competence it’s on to RW32. Power up, a to a GCA approach. That all within the 12 months preceding the quick stir of the controls then goes OK, so after a touch and expiry of the certificate. set top left and off we go. A go, I go back out to the initial brief ‘da-da-da’ from the bleed point for a visual run-in-and- valves but initial acceleration break. Overtake a couple of For at least each alternate subsequent seems much like it was in the Gnats, call ‘initials’, then idle revalidation, an assessment of competence T7. But then the extra 25 per power, airbrake out....70–80° must be undertaken. In the case of a cent oomph of the big Avon angle of bank and 23° flap on renewal you should, within 12 months makes itself felt and there’s an the break. Roll out, airbrake before renewal, attend a Flight almighty roar from somewhere in, gear down – and the power Instructor Refresher Seminar and pass behind as the IAS increases controls go into manual as the an assessment of competence. rapidly. Suddenly we’re hydraulic pump can’t cope airborne – brakes on, gear with both things together. So up, flaps up, gear lights out, a bit of power and all is well. pressurisation master on..... Call ‘final’, set 38° flap and then at 500ft start the right pitch into the final turn. Then NEXT DATES turn onto 140° to intercept the full flap, slow down to VAT The next dates for the seminars are 100° radial. But we’re already plus 10 and another nice touch passing 1000 ft and going and go. Full power – lovely 24-25 NOVEMBER 2019. like a train! Throttle to max loud noise – another circuit All seminars are now run at the AOPA offices continuous and adjust to 370 and it’s time to land. Turn off, KIAS – except we’re already taxi in with the hood slid back at 50a Cambridge Street, London SW1V 4QQ doing over 400! Pitch up, nail and shut down, grinning from – only 5 minutes' walk from Victoria Station. the speed, there’s the radial, ear to ear. turn left, breathe out, then ATC My logbook later records asks whether I’m ever going 'December 10 1975, Hunter to change to Approach! Oops, F6 XF386, Self / Solo Ex RF4, to Stud 2 then up the radial 0:50 First Pilot (Captain), towards FL 200. At around 0:05 actual IF, QGH/PAR, 10,000 ft, I remember to set 3 landings.' But that hardly 1013..... Finally catch up with describes such an experience! To register for a place on any of the the beast at FL 200 and check And what of XF386? She lived seminars please call the AOPA office position. How can I be so on for nearly 20 more years on 020 7834 5631 or join online at far away from base already? before being scrapped at Aim in a safe direction, think Otterburn range in 1996 after WWW.AOPA.CO.UK. ‘OK – let’s see what she’ll 40 years of loyal service. A The seminars start at 1100 and end do’ – set max continuous and cruel death for such a lovely at 1800 each day to facilitate travel. Mach point-nine-something lady, but I’m sure she’s up comes up amazingly quickly. there in Hunter heaven... •

August 2019 AOPA Aircraft Owner and Pilot 14 AOPA COMMUNITY Advice and Airfields Update

WORDS Malcolm Bird and George Done IMAGES Courtesy of AAIB SOME WORDS FROM THE AOPA MAINTENANCE WORKING GROUP This section is a regular feature of the AOPA Magazine, bringing you up to date with issues surrounding maintenance of our aircraft. In this issue we look at Safety Reports and MORs

TIME to look at Aviation Essentially, if you are aware CASE STUDY – LANDING Safety Reports or MORs. "As long as we of an incident such as: GEAR LEG FAILURE As owners and pilots we submit reports as • Airframe failure An example of how filing have between us a wealth • Engine failure a safety report can help is of information about our expected there • Prop strike decribed below. aircraft and if we shared • Injuries caused by aircraft A light two-seat aircraft this information we could all will be a wealth of operation operating under an EASA benefit from the combined • Any event that posed a Permit to Fly undertook a learning. data to mine" safety risk, short flight from one grass For example, if a component then visit: www. airstrip to another. Pre-flight on our aircraft fails we might aviationreporting.eu select checks were completed be concerned at the cost of 'I report on my personal which included looking at repair, but we might be far behalf' and then 'Report a new the fibre composite main more concerned if we knew it occurrence'. undercarriage legs for any was happening to a significant Note that the only required signs of cracking. No issues number of other aircraft too. information is the narrative, were found. On the other hand, if we were the textual description of The flight and landing sharing the information and the issue. The form asks for at the nearby grass strip there was a team of people further information which is was uneventful and the looking at the data, spotting optional but might well help aircraft was taxied to the issues and acting to resolve any subsequent data analysis parking area as normal. them, we might be rather and follow through. Click Upon exiting the aircraft a grateful? Well, such a team through to 'Submit' and you lucky, superficial scan of the does exist and a method of are done. aircraft showed up a long reporting does exist. We just For more information and crack in one undercarriage have to make sure we use it. guidance use the Simple leg, running lengthwise along Hopefully we can see the Occurrence Reporting Guide the leg. The aircraft was benefits of reporting issues and Occurrence Reporting immediately grounded and (and in fact we actually Template on the AOPA not flown out of the airstrip have a legal obligation to website. until a replacement leg was report certain incidents) but As long as we submit reports fitted. unfortunately not many of us as expected there will be a An Aviation Safety Report do so. wealth of data to mine. The (ASR) was filed so that others The process of reporting is aim is to be able to spot issues might know of this failure not as daunting as it is often and trends so that steps can and watch out for it. Note feared and AOPA has prepared be taken to improve safety. that no confirmation email some guidance in the form of: Without the data, analysis or any response to thank • Simple Occurrence is flawed, if not impossible. respondents was forthcoming! Reporting Guide Should you be interested in A few weeks later, a call was • Occurrence Reporting accessing the database to received from the UK Aircraft Template perhaps spot similar issues Accident Investigation • Safety Report Data Release. to help improve safety, then Branch (AAIB) to discuss the These can all be found on the follow the Safety Report Data ASR report. It seems that AOPA website in the Members Release guidance document the UK CAA had noted the Reference Library. on the AOPA website. report and brought it to the

AOPA Aircraft Owner and Pilot August 2019 15

WORDS John Walker THE LATEST NEWS ON UK AIRFIELDS THERE are airfields adopted Core Strategy for across the UK currently their emerging Local Plan under the threat. Here are which states that the airport the latest developments, is allocated and protected updated 1 July 2019. for employment purposes. Public consultation by The crack along the undercarrige leg was noticed after landing OLD SARUM MCR on proposal for and the aircraft immediately grounded Site owner’s planning construction of 112 homes application for housing on south-east corner development and 10 of site and aerodrome additional hangars amongst improvements including other work, objected three new hangars, started to by various parties on 7 March 2019. as being detrimental to the site’s heritage and RAF HENLOW 2023 potentially limiting use of Future of the site being the aerodrome. Appeal progressed by a partnership made by owner to the between the DIO and HE. Planning Inspectorate for Site earmarked for mixed non-determination of the use/specialist employment application by Wiltshire development in Central Council with public inquiry Bedfordshire Council hearings held in October draft 2035 Local Plan Part The AAIB report explained that some plastic material between 2018 and February 2019. 2 submitted for Public layers of fibre composite had compromised the bonding The Council rejected the Examination on 30 April planning application after 2018 with public hearings attention of the AAIB in case how this could have occurred the appeal was made. The starting on 21 May 2019. something could be learned and what processes they appeal decision is now from a review. were putting in place to expected on or before 26 RETFORD (GAMSTON) Interestingly, the AAIB prevent a reoccurrence in the July 2019. Earmarked for a Garden politely asked if they could future. Village with ultimately have the failed undercarriage At various stages, all CAMBRIDGE 2,500 dwellings in initial leg so they could undertake involved were able to offer Marshall Group will be draft 2035 Strategic some tests to try and comment on the draft report vacating the aerodrome Plan issued by Bassetlaw identify the failure mode. that was being prepared. by 2030 and relocating District Council for public They pointed out that the Finally the AAIB report was to Cranfield, Duxford or consultation which ended investigation would involve completed, published and Wyton. The Group has on 10 March 2019. cutting up the leg – but this made available on the AAIB stated its intent to the local was not a problem as it was website. It described how authorities to put the site PLYMOUTH not going to be used again! the manufacturing process forward for development as FlyPlymouth, a local social The AAIB even popped had left some plastic material part of the next Local Plan enterprise aerodrome into the hangar one day to between layers of fibre from 2030. support group, plans to collect the leg as they were composite and how this had reopen the aerodrome passing which also provided compromised the bonding so HALFPENNY GREEN and start regional airline an interesting and unusual that a longitudinal failure was Aerodrome sold to MCR services. Sutton Harbour opportunity to hear about highly likely. Clearly, lessons Property Group, an Group, the site lease holder, their work. had been learned from this. investment and development has proposed a mixed use Over the next few months A final benefit came in the company focused on development although the the AAIB provided regular form of a replacement leg commercial and residential adopted Plymouth City/ updates on their work on from the manufacture without real estate. In September South-West Devon Joint the case. They identified a charge. They knew of the 2018 South Staffordshire Local Plan retains the site clear manufacturing fault and AAIB investigation and had Council approved a Site for aviation use at least until went through discussions the report. A new leg was Allocation Document the first five-year review of with the original equipment supplied without question. A expanding on the previously the adopted plan. • manufacturer to understand useful close to the episode. •

August 2019 AOPA Aircraft Owner and Pilot General Aviation news from around the world

KIRKHOPE DEMANDS NEW AIRSPACE RULES The Lord Kirkhope Inquiry regards the current Airspace Design Process as unfit for purpose and calls for it to be scrapped by AOPA News Team received written evidence future airspace users. I hope controlled airspace. from nearly 50 witnesses and the Government takes these The Inquiry also suggested THE Lord Kirkhope Inquiry heard oral testimony from a findings seriously and I look that the CAA makes a radical into Lower Airspace has dozen stakeholders. forward to their response.” shift in its processes for called for the Government Commenting on the Inquiry’s The expert panel airspace change to allow for to scrap and replace the report, the Chair Lord recommended that the greater flexibility in future legislation that sets the Kirkhope of Harrogate said, Department for Transport and airspace decision making. direction for UK lower “It has been clear to everyone the CAA base their airspace Chair of the APPG-GA, airspace design. in the aviation community, for policy on the principles of, Grant Shapps MP, said, “The The current Airspace Design some time, that the current ‘safety, proportionality and 222 MPs and Lords of the Process, the Inquiry found, Airspace Design Process need’. APPG-GA welcome the is unfit for purpose at ‘every is unfit for purpose and as The report also included new report published today. level’ from Section 70 of the a result the UK has one of recommendations for Their findings confirm the Transport Act 2000 to the the most complex airborne government to adopt, aimed suspicions my colleagues Civil Aviation Authority’s environments in the world. rationalising the way airspace and I have held about what is (CAA) interpretation of the “The outdated legislation is managed in the UK. going wrong with the airspace legislation. and complex guidance One important measure design in this country. Commissioned by the All- that comes from it, has the Inquiry called for was “We are very grateful to Party Parliamentary Group on created a system that the introduction of a ‘ratchet our expert panel for their General Aviation (APPG-GA), is overburdensome and down’ process for removing sterling efforts to produce this the Lord Kirkhope Inquiry potentially dangerous for underused volumes of important piece of work.” •

AOPA Aircraft Owner and Pilot August 2019 17

LOOK BACK... THIS MONTH 106 YEARS AGO

FIRST INVERTED FLIGHT On 1 September 1913 Frenchman Adolphe Richard Hawkin Pégoud became the first presents the man to ever fly upside award down. As a test pilot for Louis Blériot, he devoted himself to this goal THE AOPA CONTRIBUTION with a Blériot model XI monoplane in a series TO THE COMMUNITY AWARD of test flights exploring the limits of aircraft by Richard Hawkin crowd of visiting British GA trophy is a cup donated in manoeuvres. Having pilots who were attending 1997 by Flyer magazine. modified his aeroplane, LUC AND Edith Dufour one of Luc and Edith's Grand "For over thirty years Luc and and after realistic “head may have already been Summer BBQs at Cherbourg. Edith have run the restaurant down” ground training, told that they had been Richard Hawkin of AOPA at Cherbourg Maupertus he then flew the first chosen to receive the Channel Islands stood in for Airport in Normandy, Le inverted flight. AOPA UK Contribution to AOPA Chair, Pauline Vahey, to Coucou de Fourchette. They At the start of World the Community Award for make the presentation in front have provided an unfailing War I, Pégoud 2019. But they couldn't have of a paparazzi of pilots turned welcome and assistance to the volunteered for anticipated the welcome and photographers. Brits who make Cherbourg flying duty and was warmth of feeling they got The citation for the their first or last stop to clear immediately accepted as when they were hustled away Contribution to the Customs and Immigration an observation pilot. from their kitchen and bar at Community Award couldn't when flying to and from the On 5 February 1915, Le Coucou de Fourchette and have been more appropriate, continent. Luc and Edith are he and his gunner were into the main hall of Cherbourg awarded to a person or retiring at the end of this year. credited with shooting Airport. organisation who has made an We wish them the very best down two German They were presented with the outstanding contribution to for their retirement, they’ll be aircraft and forcing cup in front of the 80-plus the aviation community. The missed." • another to land. Soon he was flying single- seat aircraft and in April claimed two further A SAFER BORDER FOR ALL victories. His sixth success came in July. by Mick Elborn The system has been designed transmission reference number On 31 August 1915, to make the GAR submission for their report submission. Pégoud was shot down ALL GA pilots, operators and process streamlined. Pilots, The system has been designed and killed by one of owners are required to submit operators and owners can with security of users and his pre-war German GARs (General Aviation submit GARs as far in advance data in mind, with a two- students, Unteroffizier Reports) to advise UK of their journey as required factor authentication process Otto Kandulski, while authorities of their expected and the deadline for doing so when logging in, to ensure intercepting a German journey for all inbound flights should still adhere to current that personal information is reconnaissance aircraft. and currently outbound flights submission timings. These can protected. He was only 26 years old. to non-EU countries and the be found on GOV.UK. Users are encouraged to The same German crew Common Travel Area. Once GARs have been leave their feedback on the later dropped a funeral Border Force has launched a submitted, they are received service via a link found at the wreath behind the free digital service to enable by Border Force and top of the initial registration French lines. electronic submission of GARs. Police. Users will receive a homepage. •

August 2019 AOPA Aircraft Owner and Pilot 18 AOPA NEWS GA News that matters

AOPA NEWS HIGHLIGHTS AUTOLAND HAS MILITARY HOVERBOARD The French military is considering the possibility ARRIVED of adding a hoverboard The Technical University of Munich (TUM) has successful to its armoury. The jet- automatic landing with vision-assisted navigation powered board is used by Franky Zapata, who put by David Rawlings on a display for French President Emmanuel AUTOMATIC landings have Macron and other EU long been standard procedure leaders at Bastille Day for commercial aircraft. ceremonies. Armed While major airports have the Forces Minister Florence infrastructure necessary to Parly said the military ensure the safe navigation of is planning “tests for the aircraft, this is usually not different kinds of uses, the case at smaller airports. for example as a flying Researchers at the Technical logistical platform or, as an University of Munich (TUM) assault platform.” and their project partners have now demonstrated a MAX PUSHED BACK completely automatic landing The Diamond DA42 was used in the test It seems as if the Boeing with vision-assisted navigation 737 MAX won't return that functions properly without researchers have partnered The TUM team developed to service before the the need for ground-based with Technische Universität the entire automatic control beginning of 2020. This systems. Braunschweig to develop a system of TUM’s own research is due to regulators and At large airports the landing system which lets aircraft, a modified Diamond Boeing struggling to Instrument Landing System smaller aircraft land without DA42. The aircraft is equipped come up with solutions to (ILS) makes it possible for assistance from ground-based with a fly-by-wire system the problems that have commercial aircraft to land systems. enabling control by means been flagged. The FAA automatically with great The autopilot uses GPS of an advanced autopilot, says there is no timeline precision. Antennas send radio signals to navigate. The also developed by the TUM for the return to service signals to the autopilot to problem: GPS signals are researchers. while Boeing predicts make sure it navigates to the susceptible to measurement In order to make automatic the aircraft will be ready runway safely. Procedures are inaccuracies, for example due landings possible, additional sometime in the autumn. also currently being developed to atmospheric disturbances. functions were integrated It has said it will have that will allow automatic The GPS receiver in the in the software, such as all the fixes ready for landing based on satellite aircraft can’t always reliably comparison of data from the certification before it asks navigation. Here too a ground- detect such interferences. As a cameras with GPS signals, for them to be approved. based augmentation system is result, current GPS approach calculation of a virtual glide required. procedures require the pilots path for the landing approach OOPS WRONG TOWN However, systems like these to take over control at an as well as flight control The Patrouille Suisse, the are not available for general altitude of no less than 60 for various phases of the Swiss air force aerobatic aviation at smaller airports, metres and land the aircraft approach. demonstration team, which is a problem in case of manually. In late May the team was performed a planned flyby poor visibility – then aircraft In order to make completely able to watch as the research over the wrong town. The simply cannot fly. “Automatic automated landings possible, aircraft made a completely team was scheduled to landing is essential, especially the TU Braunschweig team automatic landing at the display above Langenbruck, in the context of the future designed an optical reference Diamond Aircraft airfield. Switzerland, as part of a role of aviation,” says Martin system: a camera in the normal Test pilot Thomas Wimmer is ceremony commemorating Kügler, research associate at visible range and an infrared completely convinced by the the 100th anniversary of TUM Institute of Flight System camera that can also provide landing system: “The cameras the death of Swiss aviator Dynamics. This applies for data under conditions with already recognise the runway Oskar Bider. Instead example when automated poor visibility. The researchers at a great distance from the the Patrouille Suisse aircraft transport freight and of developed customised image airport. The system then accidentally performed course when passengers use processing software that lets guides the aircraft through the flyby over the 31st automated flying taxis. the system determine where the landing approach on a Northwest Yodelling In the project 'C2Land'. the aircraft is relative to the completely automatic basis Festival. supported by the German runway based on the camera and lands it precisely on the federal government, TUM data it receives. runway’s centreline.” •

AOPA Aircraft Owner and Pilot August 2019 19 CAA SIGNS NEW LICENCING AGREEMENT WITH THE BMAA by Lucy Field Licence (NPPL) ­– with agreement with the BMAA. benefit BMAA members and a microlight class rating This is in line with our those beginning microlight THE British Microlight – including issuing the GA principles of only training by reducing Aircraft Association physical licence. regulating where necessary, the time taken to issue (BMAA) will soon be able Applications for a deregulating where we initial licences. It further to issue licences to newly microlight class rating from can and delegating where illustrates the confidence qualified pilots under an an existing NPPL holder appropriate.” that the CAA has in our agreement reached with will still be part-processed Speaking on behalf of the organisation to act as a the UK Civil Aviation by the BMAA, with the CAA BMAA, Chief Executive, competent authority within Authority(CAA). issuing the physical licence. Geoff Weighell, said: “This the world of recreational The BMAA becomes the The agreement between agreement will greatly flying.” • first organisation in the the CAA and BMAA United Kingdon to benefit was signed at this year’s from such an arrangement. AeroExpo event at Until now, the BMAA Wycombe Air Park (13–15 had helped process June 2019) and follows an licensing applications on agreement between the two behalf of the CAA, but the organisations, reached in regulator, as the licensing May, allowing the BMAA authority, would still issue to issue initial Permit to Fly the physical licence to the certificates. applicant. Under the new Rachel Gardner-Poole, agreement, however, the the new Head of the BMAA will handle the entire CAA’s General Aviation application process for an Unit, said: “I am really initial National Private Pilot pleased to reach this The deal makes it easier for the BMAA to issue licences BECOME A JET PILOT FREE FOR THE DAY WITH BAEA LANDING by David Cowden Proceeds from the not be resold. Each ticket by John Pett draw go to support is offered for £20, with a AFTER the success of its our British Aerobatic maximum of 10 per person. AOPA has been working hard first and second lottery, the Teams and registered The prize is a 30 minute, to improve the perks for its British Aerobatics (BaeA) is charity Aerobility. Each customised flight in the members, and one of the latest launching its third prize draw ticket has a one in 1000 iconic L-39 Albatros, a high- is free landings being offered with the winner being given chance of winning. You speed military jet trainer, at Henstridge Airfield(EGHS) a once in a lifetime chance may give the ticket as a gift run by world specialist in in Somerset. to win a flight in the iconic to a lucky friend or family jet flight MiGFlug GmbH, AOPA Members can now L-39 Albatros military jet. member, but tickets may from an airfield in either receive a free landing on France or Germany. This Saturdays and Sundays ‘open location’ booking on production of their means there will be a lot of membership cards at the flexibility in location and Operations Desk. dates to suit the winner. Henstridge airfield was The prize also includes an originally a wartime Fleet Air overnight stay and dinner Arm training site, designated for two at a nearby hotel, HMS Dipper. After the war together with a £300 Henstridge was taken over by contribution towards your private individuals and has travel costs. been an active airfield in The prize draw will be held one form or another ever on 2 August 2019. To enter since! There’s a lively club visit www.aerobatics.org.uk/ atmosphere at weekends and The L-39 Albatros you could go flying in lottery. • visitors are very welcome. •

August 2019 AOPA Aircraft Owner and Pilot 20 AOPA NEWS GA News that matters

One of the 33 aircraft that made the trip to Jersey AOPA TRAVELLING THE WORLD The Danish arm of AOPA visited Jersey for their annual trip by Richard Hawkin ahead, fuel ordered on arrival, forced their cancellation. A and billing prepared and ready few other pilots also found the EVERY year AOPA Denmark for the departure. Jersey Airport conditions too close to their DMU organises a trip for its mowed the grass parking area limits but, by the Thursday members and not just a short and was able to make a useful evening, 23 aircraft had arrived hop to a local airfield for the expansion of its capacity. in Jersey. Another three day. Previous destinations Jersey ATC was, as always, arrived the next day, giving an have included Prague, Koblenz, very helpful providing useful impressive 26 out of 33 aircraft Luxembourg and other documentation for the visitors to complete the long trip. exotic locations with the trips and asking for no more than Departures on Sunday normally lasting four days. common sense to avoid morning were disrupted for a The destination of choice for bunching of arrivals. As it while when the fog rolled in the 2019 'tur' was the Channel happened, the weather meant Denmark's oldest pilot from the sea just as it had done Island of Jersey. that the AOPA Denmark DMU on arrivals day. But conditions Jersey is not new to the aircraft were spread over quite in Seppe, Holland, but poor improved and everyone got concept of welcoming Danish a long time period with the first weather over most of the route away for the flight home. pilots. In the heyday of the arrivals trickling in from mid meant that pilots had to make In these days when GA flight Jersey International Air Rally, afternoon and the last arrival their own choices according is becoming more costly and Danish pilots were regular just before dusk. to the conditions. Some opted restricted, it was a pleasure to competitors. Necessarily, it had been a for IFR clearances, others made see such a large group of pilots Discussions with the Jersey long day’s flying for all the significant detours through coming together for the event Aero Club ensured that participants. Many had flown Germany and everyone had and to witness the efforts made marshalls were on hand to from the north of Jutland, on to wait for the fog to clear in by Jersey Airport, Jersey ATC, help efficiently park the 33 more or less the same latitude Jersey. and the Jersey Aero Club who aircraft due to take part. as southern Norway and Two of the four ultralights all worked hard to ensure that Customs paperwork was to Gothenburg in Sweden. The due to take part were the first the AOPA Denmark DMU 2019 be completed and submitted plan had been for a lunch stop casualties of the weather, which Tur was a great success. •

AOPA Aircraft Owner and Pilot August 2019

22 AGM NEWS Announcement 2019 AOPA ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING It's your chance to have your say

THE 53RD Annual General Meeting of to serve will be expected from the AOPA, 50a Cambridge Street, London the British Light Aviation Centre Ltd, proposed member together with SW1V 4QQ. trading as the Aircraft Owners and Pilots appropriate personal details. Proxy Association of the UK, will be held on voting is permitted, either by nominating AGENDA Tuesday 17 September 2019 at AOPA, in writing or by email a member who will • Apologies for absence 50a Cambridge Street, London, SW1V be present at the AGM as proxy, or by • To confirm the Minutes from the 52nd 4QQ, commencing at 2.00 p.m. The nominating the Chairman as proxy. Annual General Meeting. formal announcement and agenda of the Following the formal business of the • To receive and endorse the Directors’ AGM appears below. meeting, there will be time for informal Report and Financial Statements for the A set of the financial accounts for reports from the Chairman and CEO and year ended 31 March 2019. the year ended 31 March 2019 will be for general discussion. • The election of Directors to the Board provided in advance of the meeting on Tea, coffee and sandwiches will be of Management. The following Directors the AOPA website www.aopa.co.uk available for those attending from are due to retire by rotation: George together with the minutes of the 52nd 1.30 p.m. and it is expected that the Done, Richard Hawkin, John Walker, and AGM and brief personal details of the meeting will finish by 3.30 p.m. It is John Pett. Richard Hawkin, John Walker members offering themselves for election very important for planning purposes and John Pett offer themselves for re- and re-election. These data will also be that members who intend to attend are election. available at the AGM. requested to please let AOPA know in • To appoint as Auditors Messrs Any member wishing to elect another advance, either by telephone Venthams, at a fee to be fixed by the member to the Board of Management (020 7834 5631), email (info@ Board of Management. must provide notice in writing or email aopa.co.uk), or by post to • To conduct any other business that to the AOPA office at least 10 days in may properly be dealt with at an Annual advance. A statement of willingness General Meeting. •

AOPA Aircraft Owner and Pilot August 2019

24 FEATURE The Hawker Hunter

IMAGES Various THOSE THAT KEEP THE HUNTER FLYING The Hawker Hunter first flew in 1951 and left RN service in 1994, but these venerable aircraft are still earning their keep, as Henry Simpson found out when he spoke to Mat Potulski from Hawker Hunter Aviation

HENRY SIMPSON PPL HOLDER FOR FOUR YEARS 21 YEARS OLD STUDYING BIOLOGY AND PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY

HE LATEST in a but took advantage of the new when the Black Arrows display ground attack role too, with long line of types Rolls Royce Avon engine. The team of No.111 squadron the debut of the FGA.9 in 1959. designed by the prototype P.1067 first flew in performed a record-breaking These aircraft saw combat in T renowned Sir the hands of Neville Duke on 20 22-aircraft loop at the 1958 several theatres, particularly Sydney Camm, the Hunter, July 1951 and it later broke the Farnborough show followed by in the Middle and Far East. was designed to meet Air world air speed record in 1953 a 16-aircraft barrel roll, with the The Hunter can therefore be Ministry specification F.43/46 when modified to F.3 standard, former record still standing. considered as one of the first for a new jet interceptor. flown again by Duke. Although originally designed multirole jet aircraft. It was based on modifications The Hunter was forever as an interceptor, the aircraft It was an export success as to the earlier Sea Hawk design immortalised in RAF history also proved its worth in the well with aircraft serving with

AOPA Aircraft Owner and Pilot August 2019 25

21 countries. The most notable aircraft, (the Mk58 being the becoming ever more popular,” themselves to participate export customer is probably designation given to export says Mat. Indeed, this was an and compete in the MOD the Swiss Air Force where it aircraft for Switzerland) and emerging market at the time ASDOT (Air Support Defence served as the founding aircraft a large GSE and spares pack. of their formation, but it has Operational Training) bid which of their national aerobatic They had recently been retired since become a mainstay of the included demonstrating the team The Patrouille Suisse. by the Swiss as easing of east/ defence industry, with many RAIDS (Rangeless Airborne The final military operator was west tensions saw the aircraft armed forces seeking to cut Instrumented Debriefing the Lebanese Air Force which retired 10 years ahead of their costs and free up operational System) pod on the aircraft. officially retired the type in envisaged out-of-service date in types by having companies like The ex-Swiss Hunters have 2014. However, the end of 1994. To aid crew conversion, HHA provide aggressor or 'red radar warning receivers and active military service has not these were later supplemented air' capability. The Hunter is an flare dispensers and have been marked the end of the Hunter's by the addition of three ex-RAF ideal aircraft for this role as its further updated to maintain story – this is where Hawker T7/T8 trainers. However, HHA performance envelope is similar their potency in the modern era. Hunter Aviation (HHA) steps in. has subsequently withdrawn to most combat types under dry They are in the process of being from service all “little-engined” (non-afterburning) power. upgraded with glass cockpit WHERE IT BEGAN Avon 122 powered variants Work performed by HHA primary flight instrumentation, HHA was founded by Mat (due to declining support) and has included Type 45 thereby not only addressing Potulski and the late Mark replaced with big-engined destroyer Principal Anti-Air the obsolescence of analogue Hanna and evolved out of the Hunter Trainers, such as the Missile System (PAAMS) radar displays but also ticking the Duxford-based OFMC (Old recently acquired ex-Embraer development, numerous TCAS and Ground Proximity Flying Machine Company) T72 XE688. weapon system development Warning Systems safety boxes. before moving to its present HHA provides trials support programmes, ADEX support This is supplemented by an home at RAF Scampton in 1998 and threat simulation for the of the sea trials for naval ongoing upgrade programme and becoming a standalone defence industry as well as the assets, Fleet requirements aiming to provide internal and company in 2000. It was formed MOD and NATO customers. taskings and the provision external threat simulation and around the acquisition of 10 “With budgets stretched, of aircraft for the various emulation equipment able to RR Avon 200 series-powered customers are looking to save aspects of Test Pilot Training. replicate a variety of aircraft ex-Swiss Air Force Hunter Mk58 money and outsourcing is Recently they have positioned and missile threats. For trials

August 2019 AOPA Aircraft Owner and Pilot 26 FEATURE The Hawker Hunter support the aircraft carry items Hunters still have a lot of life left; "All the airframes in the years to come. HHA of equipment under evaluation indeed, one of the questions also owns three other types in addition to being used as a often asked is how can HHA were low in hours of aircraft, two of which are co-operative target for radar deliver a credible service with currently inhibited and in long- calibration and mission support legacy 1960s aircraft? It’s all and fatigue when term anti-deterioration storage; taskings. “We treat it like a about the aircraft provenance, aquired and have a Sukhoi SU-22 and a Gulf War transit van, designed to carry remaining life, through life cost, veteran Blackburn Buccaneer items of equipment at certain supportability and the basic been overhauled; S2B. These could be reactivated heights and speeds,” Mat high subsonic performance if a customer required the says. It’s this equipment which envelope of the aircraft. “The their youngest performance envelope of that makes the aircraft credible in Hunters will go on for 20 more has around 1,000 particular platform. Potentially the modern age. Benefitting years,” Mat informed me. All closer on the horizon however from numerous hardpoints, the the airframes were low in hours flying hours" is the return to flight of an ex- Hunter can carry a wide range and fatigue when acquired German AF McDonnell Douglas of internal and external stores. and have been overhauled; F4F Phantom which would the least-flown airframe has provide a flexible supersonic MILITARY REGISTER around 1,000 flying hours capability. With a single airframe One of the key aspects of the and the fleet leader just over presently at Scampton for company is that since 2006 it 3,000. When this is compared ground instruction purposes, has operated its aircraft on the to the RAF service life of the it is hoped that next year an military register under MAA aircraft of 8 – 12,000 hours it’s airworthy Phantom may return regulation. This assures that easy to see that these aircraft to the UK, an exciting prospect! the aircraft integrate with the will keep flying for many more The recent announcement of MOD and NATO safety systems, years. Ongoing supportability plans to close RAF Scampton procedural and operating of the Hunter MK58 remains in 2022 leaves HHA in need environment. HHA holds a suite very high with industry support of finding a new base. No firm of MAA approvals. available to overhaul engines decision has yet been taken but The aircraft were infrequent and all major components, as options are being evaluated. airshow performers up until evidenced by more than 30,000 It is good to know that some 2008 but as this is not HHA's flying hours. 68 years after its first flight, the main line of work they now only How active the HHA Hunters The Hunters owned by Hunter is still proving its worth appear on static displays. will be though depends entirely Hawker Hunter Aviation are and continues to play a role in It’s pleasing to learn that these on customers’ requirements based at Scampton the defence industry today. •

AOPA Aircraft Owner and Pilot August 2019 27

The paint scheme on ZZ191 has divided opinions. Some love it, others, not so much...

August 2019 AOPA Aircraft Owner and Pilot 28 COVER STORY Sonaca 200

There’s a new trainer in town, the first Sonaca 200 has just been delivered to the UK, David Rawlings went along to New see how it’s going to shake up schools on the curriculum

AOPA Aircraft Owner and Pilot August 2019 29

WORDS David Rawlings IMAGES Sonaca Aircraft

F YOU go to any Sonaca Aircraft is a new for schools; one that wouldn’t the properties are of a good flight training company in the world of be too expensive, would look trainer,” explained Pierre van facility in the UK, aviation, although its parent good and be able to survive Watten, the Chief Commercial I chances are you company, Sonaca Group has a the heaviest handling by a Officer at Sonaca, who had just will see an airfield filled with long and distinguished history student. So before they even landed at Blackbushe Airport ageing training aircraft that in aviation, and the team that start to build, they went to the in the first Sonaca 200 to have seen better days. And was set the task of working on people who would be using the come to England. “We spoke it’s not their fault, they’ve the aeroplane had worked in aircraft and asked them what to instructors all over Europe lived a hard life. But there aviation for many years. they wanted. asking what the principle needs to be something to Sonaca burst onto the “We began the process by characteristics are for a good replace these aircraft – scene in 2015 with an idea to talking to lots of schools about trainer, and they told us. they’ve served their time. produce a new training aircraft what was needed and what We decided to follow all the

August 2019 AOPA Aircraft Owner and Pilot 30 COVER STORY Sonaca 200 requirements of the instructors lighter than a composite significantly altered the and from this we made the aircraft,” said van Watten. "If you're buying a structural resistance in order Sonaca 200.” The company began in 2015 replacement C152, to obtain a 750 kg maximum Rob Curry of Blackbushe and decided to base their take-off mass with a 4.4 G load Aviation was there to receive aircraft on The Aeroplane you're paying a factor, which is a 25 per cent the aeroplane. Curry has a Factory’s (TAF) Sling 2, the increase compared to the initial military background flying homebuilt aeroplane. “We lot of money for aircraft," explained van Watten. Tornadoes, but now teaches decided to not start from the an aeroplane that The aircraft structures have PPL, LAPL and aerobatics. He beginning and we would start been reinforced: the main spars prefers the much more sedate with an existing kit aeroplane has been around of the wing, the connection to Mach 0.142 over the Mach 2.2 and we took that to the flight the fuselage and the central the Tornado used to put out! instructors and said, ‘this is for 50 years, and spar have been redesigned and “There’s currently a problem a base, not the final product, they've had hard some aluminium alloys have facing schools,” said Curry. "If what do we need to do?’ been modified in order to take you’re buying a replacement Sonaca says it modified about lives. Something account of the aerodynamic C152, you’re paying a lot of 80 per cent of the Sling 2. loads and material fatigue money for an aeroplane that The structure has been had to replace as well as corrosion-related has been around for 50 years, resized in comparison with the them" aspects. The changes also focus and they’ve had hard lives. kit version. on strengthening the canopy Something had to replace The shape of the aircraft, arches, landing gear, the vertical them.” the wing profile and the and horizontal empennage choice of materials have (including its connection to the THE AEROPLANE been maintained. Concerning fuselage), the propeller, braking The Sonaca 200 is an all-metal the modifications and system, instrumentation and low-wing two-seat trainer that enhancements made to the fuel system. is powered by a Rotax 914 prototype, the initial structure “I flew one of the new aircraft putting out 115 hp. “95 per has been redesigned in order to Blackbushe and when Steve cent of people were asking to meet market requirements [Morley, the club owner] saw for all metal over carbon. It’s on the one hand, and EASA it and said, ‘OK, I will buy two.’ easier to repair, you can leave it certification requirements We didn’t want to reinvent the outside all year and it’s actually on the other. "We have aeroplane, just bring it up to

The 200 has seven hours endurance, which is perfect for schools, but it's also a tourer. With its roomy cabin and leather seats, pilots have stated that it's comfortable and that the 'numb bum' doesn't set in

AOPA Aircraft Owner and Pilot August 2019 31

It's a robust aircraft, perfect to withstand student punishment

August 2019 AOPA Aircraft Owner and Pilot 32 COVER STORY Sonaca 200

Rob Curry pointed out that if it looks right, it'll fly right.

AOPA Aircraft Owner and Pilot August 2019 33 date with a modern engine, which is equipped with the to add weight to the aircraft good flight instruments, "The 750 kg limit new Garmin G500 TXI and where it would be needed handling like a Cessna. Like a Honeywell KI 300 as a backup most,” explained Van Wetter. Cessna, but newer,“ explained allowed us to instrument. The Trainer Pro will Curry, who will instruct Van Watten. add weight to the cost €208,500 excluding taxes. students in his new aircraft, The 200 has a big roomy There is also an engine also believes it’ll be a very good cabin and benefits from hand- aircraft where it access panel and a steerable trainer. “It’s the old adage, stitched leather seats – perfect would be needed nose wheel which helps the if it looks right, it flies right. for seven hours of endurance. students. “The access panel And it looks right. The trick Thanks to a sliding seat, the most" to the engine was one of the with a training aircraft should cabin ensures comfort and modifications added, so you be that it’s easy to fly, but good leg space for pilots and can actually see into the engine difficult to fly well. This is a bit students of all heights. The and the students can see too forgiving, but I don’t think cabin is equipped with acoustic properly,” said Curry. “And the that’s a problem because this foam, offering low in-flight noise steerable nose wheel is great. is helping pilots progress. The level; the canopy is mounted on On other aircraft it can be point is the end process of the sliding tracks and the aircraft quite hard, and as an instructor student: have we produced a can be taxied with the canopy you forget how hard it can be pilot who can progress onto open. trying to steer the shopping a professional career or for Wing steps and wide wing trolley wheel – it takes a while pleasure but they're safe. And walkways allow easy access on for students to get their head this helps.” board. There is also a luggage around how it works, and this is There are alternatives out compartment that can hold up much easier.” there, but Curry thinks this to 35 kg. is more student-friendly. There are two types of panel FLYING “There are other choices, available; the traditional steam The 200 benefits from large like the PS28 Cruiser, which gauge version which will cost control surfaces and ground is a difficult aeroplane to €177,500 excluding taxes, clearance. Sonaca decided to train people in. It’s got digital but there is also a Garmin build it to 750 kg specifications displays, very low wing loading glass cockpit version, called making it robust for schools. and it’s challenging to fly in the ‘Sonaca 200 Trainer Pro’ “The 750 kg limit allowed us high winds or cross winds.

Sonaca has already openend a brand new productions facility, even though there are only six 200s flying. This new state-of-the-art production facility will be able to produce 80 aircraft per year when running at maximum capacity

August 2019 AOPA Aircraft Owner and Pilot 34 COVER STORY Sonaca 200

Sonaca is very proud that there was a lot of input from schools, helping to develop this aircraft.

AOPA Aircraft Owner and Pilot August 2019 35

You want predictability and HISTORY them and the flight instructor stability, which the 200 offers,” "It's an easy The Sonaca Group is an old told me last month that their he explained. “It’s an easy aircraft to pick company with British roots. students are progressing aircraft to pick up and fly and It has worked in commercial quickly because the aircraft is the low-speed handling is very up and fly, and aviation for many years, so precise.” stable, other aircraft can be building parts for all the major There is currently a waiting sensitive, but it’s how the 200 is the low-speed manufacturers. However, 80 list of nine months to a year, designed.” handling is very years ago it was part of the but the company has just He also believes the reason Fairey Aviation Company; they moved to a new production it’s good for busy schools is stable, other built a subsidiary in Belgium facility. And a huge amount that it has seven hours of for building military aircraft for of growth is possible. In this endurance. “You fill it up in the aircraft can be the Belgian Army, from 1938 first year of production it will evening and the next morning sensitive" to 1978 and Sonaca was born build 20 aircraft with the plan you can put two people in it just after. The Belgian armies to grow to 40 next year. “At and you go flying all day, just bought the F16 and Sonaca maximum capacity it will be keep turning your students was there to build them for able to produce 80 aircraft a around. At the end of the the Belgium and Danish army. year,” explained van Wetter. day you fill it to full again and Sonaca built 220 F16s in that Which is very handy as they there’s no condensation getting time. Sonaca came into being have just picked up an order in.” in 2015 and the company to replace Turkish Airlines, "The engine also has a clever has gone from design to training fleet of 25 aircraft. touch. It’s a turbocharged certification in three years. Blackbushe Aviation Rotax, but the turbo is instructors will not have to selectable; there is a lever at THE FUTURE wait long before they can the front of the throttle, so the Even though this 200 is the start putting the 200 through lever is pushed and you hit the first to be delivered outside its paces. All they are waiting limit, but then pull the lever of Sonaca’s native Belgium, for is just a bit of paper-work and add the turbo. You have the future is bright for before it can start helping the choice of operating with or Sonaca. There are already six students. The CAA wants to do without the turbo, depending flying in Belgium and they’re an initial inspection and then on what you’re doing. It’s a performing well. “Those six it’ll be flying over the skies of great bit of design,” added already have 400 hours on Hampshire, with a second one Curry. them, everyone is happy with arriving in October! • TECH SPEC SONACA 200

ENGINE Climb Rate: 750fpm Length: 7m Manufacturer: BRP Rotax Max operating Alt: 4,000m Height: 2.56m Model: 914 F-16 Turbo Stall Speed with Flaps: 42kias Horsepower: 115hp Max Cruise Speed: 115ktas WEIGHT Propeller: 3-bladed DUC Helices Load Factor: +4.4g/-1.76g Empty Weight: 460kg Useful Payload: 290kg PERFORMANCE DIMENSIONS Fuel Capacity: 140 litres Take off Distance: 470m Wingspan: 9.2m MTOW: 750kg

August 2019 AOPA Aircraft Owner and Pilot 36 FEATURE Stall scenarios

AOPA Aircraft Owner and Pilot August 2019 37

IMAGES Various STALL TRAINING – HAVE WE LOST SIGHT OF THE OBJECTIVE? Matt Lane takes the plunge and reviews the teaching and testing of the ‘applied’ stall scenarios in the PPL and SEP class ratings, as well as best practice for training and flying in these scenarios

MATT LANE CPL/FI/FE/FICI HEAD OF TRAINING FOR THE RAF BRIZE NORTON FLYING CLUB RAF TUTOR STAFF PILOT

ATT LANE to it becoming an academic and serves to teach nothing approach flap setting, gear instructs and and somewhat forced other than to frighten students. down and low power. The stall examines for demonstration. I also suggest The exercise should actually be should be initiated from a turn M a variety of how the exercise can be set up a relatively slow and controlled (level or slightly descending schools in Oxfordshire and in the air, based around a PA28 event. with between 10 and 30 AoB) Gloucestershire, across but of course in reality it would How to fly it? On rolling out of and the applicant must recover MEP, SEP and Touring Motor be tailored for the particular the LOOKOUT turn, close the at the first symptom of the Glider types. Matt is also training type. throttle to decelerate without approaching stall. the FE PPL representative There are four main stalls that delay. As speed reduces, the What is the scenario? This is on the Executive Committee can be required as described straight and level workcycle simulating a mishandled base of the Independent Flight in the relevant CAA Standards should be used to maintain leg to final turn in the circuit, Examiners’ Association. Here Documents: altitude; continue to trim down and a potentially dangerous he talks about stalling... to approx. 70 kt, and maintain low level stall. I have inceasingly observed on MAIN STALL 1 a wingtip-to-wingtip LOOKOUT Common faults? It is very licence skills test and rating Stall in clean configuration, fully scan. This should be continued common for students and test renewals/training flights that developed stall entering from until the student recognises candidates to overbank and let there seems to be evidence straight and level flight, with the the briefed symptoms of the the nose pitch down, with the of ‘training for test’ on stalling, throttle(s) closed. full stall (heavy buffet, nose aircraft entering a spiral dive, and I wonder whether we What is the scenario? This is drop, sink, possible wing drop) speed increasing and nowhere have started to lose sight of probably the most academic and then carries out the SSR near to stalling. Sometimes what we are actually trying to scenario of the four, but it (Standard Stall Recovery). followed by an aggressive get the student to learn from is about recognising that an What is the student learning rolling pitch up to try and the exercise. This article looks insufficient power setting – point? This scenario is used on generate a stall. at the ‘applied’ stalls that are perhaps because of reducing the test to demonstrate that the How to fly it? The aircraft part of the various skills tests power too much or failing to candidate can recognise the full should be set up as if and discusses some ideas for add power after levelling off – stall symptoms and confidently downwind during the HASELL how best to train and fly these while attempting to maintain apply the SSR to safely recover checks – i.e. flap and gear exercises. altitude, will cause the aircraft with minimum height loss. The down. Power should then In particular I recommend to slow and approach the stall. key takeaway for the student is be reduced as if on base leg that relevant scenario-based Common faults? The most that monitoring of the aircraft descent and the LOOKOUT aspects are emphasised and common issue is that students attitude and speed is vital at turn entered normally to developed with the student. and instructors aggressively all times to maintain adequate simulate entering the final turn. This means the student can pitch up and enter some flying speed. After sufficient LOOKOUT turn, relate the exercise to what they kind of ‘dynamic stall’ from the attitude is then held with a may actually experience and an unrealistically high nose MAIN STALL 2 very low or zero rate of descent have to deal with in routine attitude. This then causes an Approach to stall from an to simulate poor handling. flying operations, as opposed excessive pitch down at the stall approach configuration, with Speed reduces, and once the

August 2019 AOPA Aircraft Owner and Pilot 38 FEATURE Stall scenarios light buffet or stall warner is configuration with full flap, during the HASELL checks, then recognised the SSR should be gear down and low power. The "Many students a descending turn completed carried out. Alternatively, after stall should be initiated from and instructors for the LOOKOUT. On rolling LOOKOUT is completed the straight flight as if established the wings level, simulating angle of bank can be increased on final approach to land (i.e. complete the tracking the centreline on the and elevator applied to tighten not climbing); the applicant approach, the landing stage the turn (without letting the must recover at the first checks and of flap can then be selected. nose drop) simulating being symptom of the approaching LOOKOUT turn, Rather than adjusting the blown through the centreline stall. attitude to maintain speed and attempting to overbank to What is the scenario? This is then roll level and as normal, if the attitude is regain the runway. a mishandled final approach maintained, with perhaps a What is the student learning – sometimes called ‘stretching immediately select slight pitch up to simulate point? During the final turn, the glide’ where the pilot is all stages of flap" getting low on the approach, because of the drag from attempting to maintain the the speed will reduce and once the flap and reduced power aiming point with inadequate the light buffet or stall warner is to descend, monitoring of power and/or speed. recognised the SSR should be airspeed and adjustment of the Common faults? Many carried out. attitude to maintain adequate students and instructors What is the student learning flying speed is vital. Also at complete the checks and point? Rate of deceleration large angles of bank it is quite LOOKOUT turn, then roll level may be relatively low, easy to pull to the stalling and immediately select all and decreasing control angle of attack – if overbanking stages of flap in one go and effectiveness may be missed is required to regain the aggressively raise the nose to as on final approach large centreline, the approach generate a stall. Selection of inputs are not normally made. should be abandoned and a flap in this manner is never The nose attitude is higher go around performed. Due to done normally, and it would be than would be normal on an the low level, the SSR should odd to aggressively pitch up on approach, but is lower than be immediate on sensing final approach as the runway for a stall in level flight as light buffet or continuous stall aiming point would be lost from the aircraft is descending. As warner. view. such some normal sign of How to fly it? Like the previous Students can gain so much the approaching stall may be MAIN STALL 3 scenario, the aircraft should be useful knowledge if they are masked, so during the final Approach to stall in the landing set up with flap as if downwind trained correctly approach diligent monitoring

AOPA Aircraft Owner and Pilot August 2019 39 of airspeed is vital and any of normal flight and may be where the normal climb detection of light buffet or approaching the limits of the "There is also attitude can be reselected. continuous stall warner aircraft certification envelope. the danger of Wing drop is likely due to requires application of the SSR How to fly it? I find this the full power. Selection and without delay. exercise is best flown as a attempting to use maintenance of an appropriate simulated mishandled go attitude during go arounds is MAIN STALL 4 around. The aircraft is again set extremely high vital. Approach to stall in a climbing up as if downwind during the nose attitudes to I hope the above gives some turn with take-off flap and climb HASELL checks, and a simulated basis for discussion in your power (single-engine aeroplane final approach gained on roll generate the stall" school or training. They are only) the applicant must recover out from the LOOKOUT turn. my thoughts so please ‘adopt, at the first symptom of the A simulated go around is then adapt, discard’ as you wish. approaching stall. flown, with an inappropriately Instructors may also wish to What is the scenario? This high (but not excessive) nose consider that proper scenario- scenario is only actually attitude selected and held. The based set-up and practice of specifically detailed on the speed will then decrease and at these stalls does require a SEP class rating test schedule the stall warner or light buffet decent amount of altitude – too as opposed to the PPL/LAPL the SSR should be carried out. many try and rush the teaching, test schedule. It is a simulated It should be noted that on sometimes constrained by mishandled go around or take some aircraft, IAS indications airspace or cloudbase, at the off climb, designed to highlight may be erroneous at high nose minimum stalling altitude. I the dangers of incorrectly attitudes with full power. think the time taken to seek handling the aircraft when What is the student learning out good weather days and climbing away and turning with point? Even with full power, a operating areas for these flaps down. high nose attitude and the drag exercises pays dividends in Common faults? The most from flap can cause the speed student understanding and common fault is that students to decrease and the stall can will help achieve the ultimate and instructors fail to practice be approached. As the nose objective of a student pilot who or teach this scenario! There is is high with full power already is confident and capable of also the danger of attempting selected, a noticeable pitch flying the handling exercises, to use extremely high nose down and lower attitude will be When teaching, take time to and understands when and attitudes to generate the stall required in order to accelerate seek out good airspace and how they could be caught out which are unrepresentative the aircraft again to a speed cloudbase for real in their flying career.•

August 2019 AOPA Aircraft Owner and Pilot 40 TECH AND BOOKS The latest products

MORE G1000 RETROFITS

Garmin keeps growing the retrofit options of the G1000 and has announced the addition of five newly eligible aircraft. Aircraft currently equipped with a WAAS G1000 integrated flight deck that are now eligible for the G1000 NXi include the Cessna ASPEN UPGRADES 172/182/206 and Beechcraft Bonanza and Baron. The NXi includes GLASS OPTIONS a wealth of features New models priced below older units and capabilities such as wireless connectivity, Product Evolution MAX Uczekaj, in a news release. modern amenities while SurfaceWatch, map Maker Aspen Avionics “Our corporate philosophy maintaining interoperability overlay within the HSI and from the time we introduced with installed avionics. more. Aircraft owners THE Albuquerque, New the Evolution 1000 PFD Aspen’s new pricing and operators can easily Mexico-based firm has been 12 years ago was to offer includes options to upgrade upgrade from the G1000 upgrading customers from new functions and safety previous Evolution models, to the modern, state- steam to glass for more than features our current starting at $4,995 for of-the-art G1000 NXi a decade. It is now pitching customers could adopt the Evolution1000 PFD with minimal aircraft an “unprecedented” upgrade affordably, and provide MAX (that same unit downtime. programme that allows future owners the peace of is listed at $9,995 for “Based on the success of current Aspen owners to mind that their investment a new installation). The the G1000 NXi upgrade upgrade existing Aspen is protected as technology upgrade units come with a programmes that are Evolution installations evolves.” fresh two-year warranty, available today, we’re without disrupting their Aspen introduced the improved processing excited to deliver this current installation, since Evolution Pro MAX primary speeds, and other upgrade to thousands the newest generation of flight display and the enhancements including of additional aircraft Evolution MAX displays Evolution MFD500 MAX increased screen resolution owners,” said Carl Wolf, retain the same form factor primary flight display and larger text. Garmin VP of Aviation as their predecessors. (PFD) and MFD1000 MAX Aspen has also created an Sales and Marketing. The hardware, processors, multifunction displays upgrade path for EFD1000 “With the G1000 NXi, software, and displays have (MFD) in 2018. The Aspen E5 electronic flight customers experience all been upgraded. glass lineup continues instrument owners to a faster performance The latest generation to provide a flexible full technical standard and find value in new Evolution MAX units are pathway to replace steam order (TSO) MAX display features like wireless priced below the legacy gauges in pairs. Evolution starting at $4,995. Aspen cockpit connectivity, versions; Aspen also offers systems can be installed PFD and MFD units can all visual approach guidance, reduced pricing on new with a PFD alone; up to be upgraded to the newest SurfaceWatch, map HSI hardware for existing two additional MFDs can model Evolution MAX and more, all of which owners. be added to replace the displays, though legacy make this upgrade a “We’re not aware of entire six-pack and add a and new models cannot must-have in every any manufacturer in host of new features such be mixed in the same aircraft.” this industry that offers as synthetic vision, GPS- installation. • this type of upgrade aided attitude heading and Where garmin.com programme,” said Aspen reference system (AHRS) Where aspenavionics.com Price £28,995 President and CEO John functionality, and other Price $9,995

AOPA Aircraft Owner and Pilot August 2019 41 BERLIN AIRLIFT AND THE FATE OF THE FREE WORLD An in-depth look at one of the bravest post-war missions that ever took place – the Berlin Airlift NEED A Book The Berlin Airlift US, France, Britain and Author John Grehan REBUILD? Author John Grehan across the Commonwealth, has written, edited or Book Tie Fighter Manual which delivered in excess of contributed to more than Author Ryder Windham THE Berlin Airlift, although 2,223,000 tons of food, fuel 300 books and magazine not forgotten, is often one and supplies in the greatest articles covering a wide THE Tie Fighter Owner’s of the overlooked post-war airlift in history. span of military history from Manual features unique missions. The air-bridge eventually the Iron Age to the recent specially commissioned The fate of the free became so effective conflict in Afghanistan. cutaway, schematic and world hung in the balance. that more supplies were John has also appeared on computer-generated Stalin’s Soviet Union delivered to Berlin than had local and national radio artwork from Star sought to drive the Western previously been shipped and television to advise Wars vehicle experts democracies from Germany overland and Stalin saw that on military history topics. Chris Reiff and Chris to continue the communist his bid to seize control of He was employed as the Trevas, together advance across Europe. the German capital could Assistant Editor of Britain with other art and The first step in Stalin’s never succeed. At one at War Magazine from its photographs sourced scheme was to bring Berlin minute after midnight on inception until 2014. John from the LucasFilm under Soviet control. Berlin 12 May 1949, the Soviet now devotes his time to archives. was situated deep inside blockade was lifted, and the writing and editing books. • Talking about the TIE the Soviet-occupied region Soviet advance into Western fighter series, Ryder of the country, but the Europe was brought to a Where pen-and-sword.co.uk Windham explains: German capital had been shuddering halt. Price £15.99 “Just as the Galactic divided into two halves, one Empire used great of which was occupied by fleets of starships to the Soviet Union, the other, expand Imperial control in separate sectors, by across the galaxy, the Britain, France and the USA. subsequent authoritarian Stalin decided to make the government, the First Allied hold on West Berlin Order, used even more untenable by shutting down technologically advanced all the overland routes used ships to unify planetary to keep the city supplied. systems and crush all The choice faced by the opposition. Allies was a stark one – let “With both regimes, the Berlin fall, or risk war with most abundant and the Soviets by breaking the ubiquitous ships in their Soviet stranglehold. In a respective fleets were remarkably visionary move, the notoriously lethal TIE the Allies decided that they fighters. Variant models could keep Berlin supplied of the TIE fleet include the by flying over the Soviet prototypes piloted by Sith blockade, thus avoiding Lord Darth Vader in the armed conflict with the battle of the first Death USSR. Star, and by Kylo Ren On 26 June 1948, the Berlin during the First Order’s Airlift began. Throughout war with the Resistance. the following 13 months, more than 266,600 flights Where haynes.com were undertaken by the Price £18.99 men and aircraft from the

August 2019 AOPA Aircraft Owner and Pilot

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INSURANCE HELP NEEDED We are searching for any FACTORY DRAWINGS (including cutaways and repair manuals) of the ARMSTRONG WHITWORTH F.K.8 and pictures of them in manufacture or repair. With a particular focus on the wings but anything would be useful.

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August 2019 AOPA Aircraft Owner and Pilot