Planning for Authenticities

PLANNING FOR AUTHENTICITIES Authenticity resonates throughout the urbanizing world. As cities’ commercial corridors and downtowns start to look increasingly the same, and gentrification displaces many original neighbourhood residents, we are left with a sense that our cities are becoming “hollowed out,” bereft of the multi- faceted connections that once rooted us to our communities. And yet, in a world where change is unrelenting, people long for authentic places. This book examines the reasons for and responses to this longing, considering the role of community development in addressing community and neighbourhood authenticity. A key concept underscoring planning’s inherent challenges is the notion of authentic community, ranging from more holistic, and yet highly market-sensitive conceptions of authentic community to appreciating how authenticity helps form and reinforce individual identity. Typically, developers emphasize spaces’ monetary exchange value, while residents emphasize neighbourhoods’ use value—including how those spaces enrich local community tradition and life. Where exchange value predominates, authenticity is increasingly implicated in gentrification, taking us further from what initially made communities authentic. The hunger for authenticity grows, in spite and because of its ambi- guities. This edited collection seeks to explore such dynamics, asking alternately, “How does the definition of ‘authenticity’ shift in different social, political, and economic con- texts?” And, “Can planning promote authenticity? If so, how and under what con- ditions?” It includes healthy scepticism regarding the concept, along with proposals for promoting its democratic, inclusive expression in neighbourhoods and communities. Laura Tate, PhD (University of British Columbia), is an urban planning scholar, lecturer, and consultant. Laura has an extensive practice background in city planning and public health. She lives in Victoria, British Columbia, and has most recently held the position of Visiting Lecturer at the California Polytechnic State University. Brettany Shannon, PhD in Urban Planning and Development (University of Southern California), studies how media arts and digital communications intersect with urban and social placemaking. As the USC Bedrosian Center for Governance Scholar-in-Residence, she continues her research in the interview- based podcast, Los Angeles Hashtags Itself. First published 2019 by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 and by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2019 Taylor & Francis The right of Laura Tate and Brettany Shannon to be identified as the authors of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Tate, Laura Ellen, 1966- editor. | Shannon, Brettany, editor. Title: Planning for authentiCITIES / edited by Laura Tate and Brettany Shannon. Description: New York, NY : Routledge, [2018] Identifiers: LCCN 2018008395| ISBN 9780815384908 (hardback) | ISBN 9780815384922 (pbk.) Subjects: LCSH: Urban renewal. | Community development. | Neighborhoods. | City planning. | Urban policy. Classification: LCC HT170 .P65 2018 | DDC 307.3/416–dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018008395 ISBN: 978-0-8153-8490-8 (hbk) ISBN: 978-0-8153-8492-2 (pbk) ISBN: 978-1-351-20287-9 (ebk) Typeset in Bembo by Wearset Ltd, Boldon, Tyne and Wear CONTENTS List of Figures viii List of Tables x Notes on Contributors xi Acknowledgements xvi Introduction: Planning for AuthentiCITIES 1 Laura Tate and Brettany Shannon PART I Mooring Authenticity 31 Laura Tate 1 Chinatown, not Coffeetown: Authenticity and Placemaking in Vancouver’s Chinatown 36 Leslie Shieh and Jessica Chen 2 Neighbourhood Authenticity and Sense of Place 57 Vikas Mehta 3 Urban Authenticity as a Panacea for Urban Disorder? Business Improvement Areas, Cultural Power, and the Worlds of Justification 75 Daniel Kudla vi Contents 4 A Framework of Neighbourhood Authenticity for Urban Planning: Three Aspects and Three Types of Change 94 Justin R. Meyer 5 Negotiating Diversity: The Transitioning Greektown of Baltimore City, Maryland 112 Naka Matsumoto 6 Planning and Authenticity: A Materialist and Phronetic Perspective 130 Laura Lieto PART II Performing Authenticity 147 Laura Tate 7 Authenticity Makes the City: How “the Authentic” Affects the Production of Space 154 Maria Francesca Piazzoni 8 Authenticity’s Many Performances in the Urban Studies Literature 170 Brettany Shannon 9 Tactical Urbanism as the Staging of Social Authenticity 177 David Franco 10 Sincerity, Performative Authenticity, and Tourism in New Orleans 195 Lauren Lastrapes 11 Gardening in America 210 Angela Babb, Adrianne Bryant, and Daniel C. Knudsen 12 Utilizing Comical Mascots (Yuru- kyara) to Create City Authenticity? 226 Keiro Hattori 13 Authentic Downtown Project: Intentional Community Making in the Digital Age 243 Brettany Shannon Contents vii PART III Healing Authenticity 267 Laura Tate 14 Relocated Authenticity: Placemaking in Displacement in Southern Taiwan 271 Shu- Mei Huang and Jeffrey Hou 15 Coding the “Authenti- City”: North Harbour and the Århusgade Quarter, Copenhagen 287 Mike S. Harris 16 Diálogos for Latino Communities 309 Cecilia Giusti and Edna Ledesma 17 Planning for Reconciliation: Indigenous Authenticity in Community Engagement and Urban Planning in Canadian Cities 325 Jeffrey Schiffer 18 Urban–Social Imaginaries of Authenticity: And the John Lennon Wall 342 Laura Tate Index 381 CONTRIBUTORS Angela Babb is a critical human geographer whose work encompasses critical food studies, ideology, and political economy. Her research examines the political economy of hunger in the United States and the contemporary food move- ment. She teaches on geographies of food security, food justice, and food sovereignty as a visiting scholar at Indiana University. She prefers cooking to gardening, yet she still enjoys growing random fruits, vegetables, and herbs every year. Adrianne Bryant is ever fascinated with the workings of the natural world, from microbiological processes to human behaviour. She studied environmental biology and biological anthropology at the University of Colorado before com- pleting a Master’s Degree and several research projects in anthropology at Indi- ana University. Drawn to collaborating directly with patients on applied health problems, she now works in the healthcare field, and she is employing her apparently endless curiosity in studying to become a Physician Assistant in Denver, Colorado. Jessica Chen is a Canadian urban planner currently based in Montréal, Quebec. Her city planning work focuses on developing urban policies and strat- egies that encourage pluralistic understanding of cities. She started her consult- ing practice Wabi Sabi Planning Laboratories in 2012, after a 12-year planning career at the City of Vancouver with a focus on the regeneration of historic inner- city neighbourhoods. Her current work explores issues of inclusivity and examines how cultural and community- owned assets help shape the urban landscape and city economy. She holds an MCP (Planning) from the University of Pennsylvania. xii Contributors David Franco is a licensed architect and an architecture theory scholar. He holds a PhD in Architectural and Urban History and Theory and an MArch from the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. He currently holds the Robert Mills Professorship at Clemson University, where he is part of the tenure-track faculty, having held full time positions at the University of Idaho and at the Escuela Politécnica Superior USPCEU of Madrid, where he was the Director of the Architecture Thesis Program. He is a member of the Editorial Com- mittee of the Architecture Media and Politics Journal and of the Constellations Architecture Academic Journal. Cecilia Giusti is Associate Dean in the College of Architecture and Associate Professor of Urban Planning at Texas A&M University. Her PhD is from the University of Texas at Austin; MA from the Institute of Social Studies, The Hague; and Bachelor from the Catholic University, Lima, Peru. Her research area is Texas and Latin America focusing on economic development and planning, informality, land values, public spaces, and equity. Mike S. Harris is a landscape architect and urban design researcher, teacher, and practitioner. He is a Lecturer in Landscape Architecture at the University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia, and is currently researching how the aims of mixed- use megaprojects, with an explicit narrative of global economic com- petitiveness, are reconciled with the delivery of strategic infrastructure, liveabil- ity goals, local identity, and social equity. Keiro Hattori is a professor in the Faculty of Economics in Meiji Gakuin University, Tokyo, Japan. He has also been a licensed city and regional

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