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Ballast Water Discharges in Denmark

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Ballast Water Discharges in Denmark Ef- terår 0 8 Ballast Water Discharges in Denmark Kristina Kern Frank Stuer-Lauridsen LITEHAUZ ApS Contents Summary Preface 1. Background ...................................................................................................................... 1 2. Objectives ........................................................................................................................ 1 3. Data compiling for ballast water discharge projection ....................................................... 1 4. Gollasch Model from Germany ......................................................................................... 2 4.1. How to use the model? .............................................................................................. 3 4.2. Results and discussion ................................................................................................ 4 4.2.1. Quantity of discharged ballast water estimated with Gollasch model ........................ 4 4.2.2. Need for data ............................................................................................................... 6 5. Simple estimation of ballast water discharge in Denmark .................................................. 7 5.1. Data evaluation ......................................................................................................... 7 5.1.1. Loaded and unloaded goods in Danish ports ............................................................... 7 5.1.2. Cargo ship types ........................................................................................................... 8 5.2. Estimate of ballast water discharge based on cargo statistics ...................................... 9 5.3. Comparing cargo based estimation and Gollasch model .............................................. 9 6. Assessment of ballast water discharge data that are not readily available ......................... 10 6.1. Scope of data collection by questionnaire .................................................................. 10 6.2. Estimation of discharged ballast water from Ship-to-ship operations .......................... 12 7. Risk assessment of discharged ballast water in Danish waters .......................................... 13 7.1.1. Discharged ballast water in Danish waters separated into North Sea / Baltic Sea .... 14 7.2. Risk assessment criteria ............................................................................................ 17 I 7.2.1. Salinity criterion ......................................................................................................... 17 7.2.2. Temperature zone ...................................................................................................... 18 7.2.3. Duration ..................................................................................................................... 19 7.3. Risk assessment of ballast water origin ...................................................................... 20 7.3.1. Results of risk assessment for Baltic Sea .................................................................... 20 7.3.2. Results of risk assessment North Sea ......................................................................... 25 8. Options and recommendations ........................................................................................ 28 9. Bibliography .................................................................................................................... 29 10. APPENDIX Questionnaire assessment ............................................................................. 32 10.1. Generation of ballast water data via questionnaires .................................................. 32 10.2. The experience from Port of Rotterdam ..................................................................... 32 10.3. How to cover important Danish ports with a questionnaire ........................................ 33 10.4. How to generate data by questionnaire ..................................................................... 36 II List of Table TABLE 1: THE ESTIMATED QUANTITY OF DISCHARGED BALLAST WATER DERIVED FROM A SIMPLE CARGO BASED MODEL VS. GOLLASCH MODEL ................................................................................................. TABLE 2: CALL OF CARGO AND CRUISER SHIPS ON MAJOR DANISH PORTS BY TYPE OF VESSEL IN 2007. ............. 4 TABLE 3: THE QUANTITY OF DISCHARGED BALLAST WATER RESULTING FROM INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC DERIVED FROM SIMPLE CARGO BASED ESTIMATION AND THE GOLLASCH MODEL. ......................................... 9 TABLE 4: STS OPERATION OVER THE YEARS 2004 TO 2007 (SOEFARTSSTYRELSEN, 2008) ........................... 13 TABLE 5: AMOUNT OF DISCHARGED BALLAST WATER IN DANISH PORTS IN 2007, SEPARATED INTO ORIGIN AND RECEIVER REGION. ............................................................................................................. 16 TABLE 6: CLASSIFICATION OF SALINITY RISK LEVELS FOR THE BALTIC SEA .................................................... 18 TABLE 7: CLASSIFICATION OF TEMPERATURE RISK LEVELS ........................................................................ 18 TABLE 8: CLASSIFICATION OF DURATION RISK LEVELS .............................................................................. 19 TABLE 9: COUNTRIES ORDERED BY RISK LEVELS FOR BALTIC SEA ............................................................... 21 TABLE 10: LIST OF NIS FOUND IN THE BALTIC SEA ................................................................................. 22 TABLE 11: LIST OF COUNTRIES AND THEIR RISK LEVELS FOR BALTIC SEA AFTER CHANGING THE DURATION CRITERIA. THE NUMBER IN BRACKETS SHOWS THE NEW CALCULATED TOTAL RISK. ......................... 24 TABLE 12: LIST OF COUNTRIES ORDERED BY RISK LEVELS FOR NORTH SEA. ................................................. 25 TABLE 13: LIST OF NIS FOUND IN THE NORTH SEA ................................................................................ 26 TABLE 14: LIST OF COUNTRIES AND THEIR RISK LEVELS FOR NORTH SEA AFTER CHANGING THE DURATION CRITERIA. THE NUMBER IN BRACKETS SHOWS THE NEW CALCULATED TOTAL RISK. ......................... 26 TABLE 15: THE NUMBER OF CARGO VESSELS AND VESSEL SIZE CALLED ON THE FIVE SELECTED PORTS DURING A PERIOD OF THREE MONTH IN 2007 (SKIB221). ..................................................................... 37 TABLE 16: SHIP THAT SHOULD RETURN ACCEPTABLE QUESTIONNAIRES WITH 8 % OR 15 % FEEDBACK, RESPECTIVELY. ................................................................................................................... 37 III List of Figures FIGURE 1: USING GOLLASCH MODEL: TRADE AND SHIPPING CHARACTERISTICS FOR DENMARK 2007 ............... 3 FIGURE 2: GOLLASCH APPLICATION: SUMMARY OF THE RESULTS ................................................................ 4 FIGURE 3: GOLLASCH APPLICATION: THE CALLS OF VESSELS IN DANISH PORTS WERE ENTERED INTO COLUMN B FOR EACH VESSEL TYPE. THE C TO I COLUMNS RESULT FROM THE APPLICATION. .............................. 5 FIGURE 4: GOLLASCH APPLICATION: THE RESULTS CORRECTED FOR DWT ERROR. ......................................... 5 FIGURE 5: CALL OF DIFFERENT TYPE OF VESSELS ON DANISH PORTS IN 2007. THE NUMBERS REPRESENT THE CALL OF SHIPS. ........................................................................................................................... 8 FIGURE 6: STS OPERATIONS AREAS ACCORDING TO MAERSK BROKERS (2009) .......................................... 12 FIGURE 7: NUMBER OF INVASIVE SPECIES FOUND IN DANISH WATERS SINCE PRE 1900 (NOBANIS). ............. 14 FIGURE 8: MAP OF THE BORDER BETWEEN NORTH SEA AND BALTIC SEA IS MARKED WITH A DASHED LINE FROM SKAGEN TO GOTHENBURG. (ATTILIOS AT EN.WIKIPEDIA, 2005) ................................................ 15 FIGURE 9: BIOREGIONS ACCORDING TO EKMAN (1953) USED IN LEPPÄKOSKI AND GOLLASCH (2007) ........... 19 FIGURE 10: LEFT: PERCENTAGE OF CALL OF CARGO VESSELS ON DANISH PORTS ARRANGED BY VESSEL SIZE IN 2007. RIGHT: PERCENTAGE OF MAXIMUM GT CAPACITY IN 2007 ............................................. 34 FIGURE 11: DANISH PORTS AND NUMBER OF SHIPS BY VESSEL SIZE VISITING THE RESPECTIVE PORT. ALL PORTS HAD AT LEAST ONE CALL OF A VESSEL IN THE RANGE BETWEEN 10000 – 24999 GT IN 2007. ........ 35 FIGURE 12: THE THROUGHPUT, LOADED GOODS TOTAL AND LOADED GOODS IN INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC FOR SIX HIGH VOLUME SELECTED HARBOURS. .................................................................................... 36 IV The following abbreviations were used in this report: GT Gross Tonnage, a measure of internal volume of the ship DWT Deadweight Tonnage, is the sum of the weights or masses of cargo, fuel, fresh wa- ter, ballast water, provisions, passengers and crew AIS Automatic Information System NIS Non-indigenous Invasive Species STS Ship-to-Ship VLCC Very Large Crude Carrier IMO The International Maritime Organization MAS Maritime Association Service SOK Admiral Danish Fleet (Søværnets Operative Kommando) V Summary The study aimed at addressed the discharge of ballast water in Denmark with an identifica- tion and prioritization of the risk for release of Non-indigenous Invasive Species (NIS). The falls in two sections: the first on methods to estimate the volume discharged and methods to im- prove the base data; and the second on the identification and prioritization of the deballasted water. The results of the simple model based on cargo statistics in comparison with the result from the more advanced Gollasch model are shown in
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