DOCSLIB.ORG

Rice Research for Enhancing Productivity, Profitability and Climate Resilience

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Rice Research for Enhancing Productivity, Profitability and Climate Resilience RICE RESEARCH FOR ENHANCING PRODUCTIVITY, PROFITABILITY AND CLIMATE RESILIENCE H Pathak AK Nayak M Jena ON Singh P Samal SG Sharma ICAR-National Rice Research Institute Cuttack 753 006, Odisha, India Citation Pathak H, Nayak AK, Jena M, Singh ON, Samal P and Sharma SG (2018) Rice Research for Enhancing Productivity, Profitability and Climate Resilience. ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India, p x+542. Editors H Pathak AK Nayak M Jena ON Singh P Samal SG Sharma Published by Director, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753 006, Odisha, India Design and layout SK Sinha February, 2018 Disclaimer ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha is not liable for any loss arising due to improper interpretation of the scientific information provided in this book. ©All Rights Reserved ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India Laser typeset at the ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753 006, Odisha, India. Printed by the Print-Tech Offset Pvt. Ltd., Bhubaneswar 751 024, Odisha, India for Director, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753 006. FOREWORD Rice, a major staple crop, feeds more than half of the world population, employs millions of people and has enormous impacts on environment. Globally, the crop is planted in about 160 million hectare with production of 493 million tons of milled rice. In India, rice plays a major role in diet, economy, employment, culture and history. It is the staple food for more than 65% of Indian population contributing about 40% to the total food grain production, thus playing a pivotal role in the food and livelihood security of people. Increase in productivity and profitability of rice on a sustainable basis is possible through novel technological inputs that can address various challenges, including those arising from climate change. Scientific advances in high throughput genotyping-phenotyping and genomics—assisted breeding provide opportunities to explore and embed genes for improving yield and quality. Cutting-edge research enables opportunity to break the yield ceiling and breed new generations of climate-ready rice varieties. Management of soil, nutrient and water has assumed greater significance with the emerging changes in economic and environmental scenario. Improvements in sensors, processing, communications, and nanotechnology offer the potential to increase the use efficiencies of water, fertilizer and plant protection chemicals. Concerted efforts of agricultural scientists and rice farmers supported by Government policies ensured production of 110 million tons of milled rice during 2015-16. This enabled us in meeting the domestic demand and allowed export of rice. However, to ensure food and nutritional security for the ever-growing population in the face of impending adversities due to climate change, the efforts to increase rice production have to be sustained. This book on “Rice Research for Enhancing Productivity, Profitability and Climate Resilience” published by ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha analyzes the major emerging problems, reviews the achievements and identifies research and development needs for sustainable rice farming. The chapters comprehensively cover various aspects of crop improvement, production, protection, physiology, biochemistry, economics and extension of rice technologies. Exclusive information on enhancing productivity, profitability and climate resilience in the context of global as well as Indian scenarios has been captured in the book. I hope that the book will help in understanding the emerging challenges to rice farming. I congratulate the editors and authors for their contributions in bringing out this useful publication that would serve as a reference book on rice farming for researchers, students, policy makers and civil society. ( T. MOHAPATRA ) Dated the 7th February, 2018 New Delhi Preface Rice, the world’s most important food crop, has been grown for more than 6000 years in South Asia. Wild rice, however, grew in the Himalayas 15,000-16,000 years back. Currently, rice is the staple food for about four billion people i.e., half of the humankind on the planet. Rice fields cover around 160 million hectares in a wide range of climatic conditions spanning from 44oN in North Korea to 35oS in Australia. It is cultivated from 6 feet below sea level (such as in Kerala, India) to 2700 feet above sea level in the Himalayas. The crop occupies a significant position in the culture and heritage of many Asian countries. In India, particularly in the eastern states, it is a part of almost every ritual. The crop has been referred in the Vedas, Ramayana, Mahabharata, Buddhist and other ancient literature. India has the world’s largest area and is the second highest producer of rice. The crop is grown under varying climatic and soil conditions under diverse ecologies spread over about 43 million hectares. The crop is cultivated round the year in one or the other parts of the country. Since last two years the country has recorded the highest rice production of about 110 million tons. It is the staple food for more than two thirds of Indian population contributing more than 40% to the total food grain production, thereby, occupies a pivotal role in the food and livelihood security of people. During the last decades, significant advancements have been made on developing high yielding and disease-resistant rice varieties and production technologies for different ecologies. The country, so far has released about 1200 varieties. Several viable rice production technologies have also been developed for adoption in the farmers’ fields. Along with increasing the productivity, emphasis has been given on developing varieties with improved stress-tolerance and nutritional quality to ensure nutritional security for the large section of the population depending on rice as staple food. Currently, about 85% of rice area is covered with high-yielding varieties. India’s rice export has also steadily increased with the current export of more than 10 million tons annually making it the leading rice exporter. However, in the backdrop of all these achievements, rice farmers and researchers are facing new challenges of climate change, low water availability, poor soil health, low nutrient use efficiency and increased emergence of insects and diseases. There is now growing concern that non-price factors such as declining scope for further gains from existing modern varieties, deteriorating soil and ground water supplies, and reduced public investment in research have contributed to poor productivity growth in recent years. The challenge is to integrate productivity and profitability improvement of rice while enhancing the climate resilience and quality of the environment on which production depends. The objective of the publication ‘Rice Research for Enhancing Productivity, Profitability and Climate Resilience’, published by ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha is to review the scientific and technical literature available on the developments in rice science and its implications on productivity, profitability and climate resilience; provide science-backed, policy-relevant information for improving rice farming and suggest implementable research and development guidelines to the stakeholders. Thirty-one chapters of the book cover the state-of the-art information in national and international contexts on enhancing productivity, profitability and climate resilience. The chapters capture various aspects of rice viz., (1) improvement i.e., conservation of genetic resources; quality seed production; genetic improvement for enhancing resistance to biotic stresses, input use efficiency, aroma, nutrition and grain quality, and climate resilience; harnessing heterosis; new generation rice for breaking yield ceiling and biotechnological strategies and genomic resources for rice improvement; (2) production i.e., enhancing productivity and resource use efficiency; decreasing energy and water footprints; agro-ecology-based intensification; integrated rice-based farming systems; resource conserving technologies; weed management; efficient use of rice straw; mechanization of rice-based cropping systems and harnessing microbial resources; (3) protection i.e., exploration of new sources of resistance; bio-ecology of rice pest and diseases; bio-intensive approaches and optimization of chemical pesticide-use for management of rice pest; (4) physiology and biochemistry in relation to grain quality and nutritional improvement; multiple abiotic stress tolerance and improvement of photosynthetic efficiency of rice; and (5) socio-economic aspects i.e., yield gap analysis and impact assessment to aid rice research and policies, and developing extension approaches to enhance income of rice farmers. The chapters comprehensively present the technologies for effective management of rice crop in favorable and unfavorable ecologies to make rice farming profitable and sustainable. The authors have also captured the achievements of the ICAR-National Rice Research Institute on rice research and development over the years. In the course of preparing the book, the authors and editors have received help and support from different individuals. We are extremely grateful to each one of them. The editors take this opportunity to express their gratitude to all the authors for developing the chapters in a comprehensive and time-bound manner. We thank Dr. T. Mohapatra, Director General, Indian Council of
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Prodwrkshp 3.Qxd
    California Rice Production Workshop, v15 Variety Selection and Management Introduction and History Since its beginning in 1912, California’s rice industry limited its produc - tion and marketing largely to a few short and medium grain japonica varieties, developed from stocks originating in Japan and China. These varieties produced good yields of quality rice in the dry, temperate cli - mate of the Sacramento and San Joaquin Valleys. For the grower, the choice of variety to plant was relatively simple because the few varieties available were similar in performance, yield potential and milling qual - ity when properly managed. Included were Colusa, Caloro and Calrose released in 1918, 1921 and 1948, respectively, and Earlirose, a productive, early maturing, proprietary variety, released in 1965 which soon became a popular variety for cold areas and/or late plantings. These were the major rice varieties grown in California until the early 1970’s. Then, the variety picture began to change significantly. A powerful impetus for this was the enactment of California Rice Research Marketing Order that established the California Rice Research Board in 1969. This grower initiative provided significant and regular funding to hasten development and release of new varieties. The medium grain variety CS-M3 was released in 1970 and the short grain variety CS-S4 in 1971, from rice hybridizations made in 1946 and 1957 at the Rice Experiment Station (RES) at Biggs, CA. CS-M3 gained wide acceptance and competed with the older Calrose for acreage. But, CS-S4, though an improvement over Caloro, was not widely grown because of its suscep - Publicly devel - tibility to low temperature induced sterility.
    [Show full text]
  • Boosting Agricultural Efficiency and Output Through Targeted Interventions
    PA R T I V Boosting Agricultural Efficiency and Output through Targeted Interventions CHAPTER 1 5 Increasing Rice Productivity and Strengthening Food Security through New Rice for Africa (NERICA) Aliou Diagne, Soul-Kifouly Gnonna Midingoyi, Marco Wopereis, and Inoussa Akintayo espite Africa’s potentially rich land and water capita rice consumption in West Africa increased from resources, its farmers are among the poorest in the 14 kilograms in the 1970s to 22 kilograms in the 1980s and world. Because the vast majority of people in more than 39 kilograms in 2009. For Africa as whole, annual DAfrica der ive their livelihoods from agriculture, the weak per capita rice consumption increased from 11 kilograms in state of the sector has profound implications for poverty.1 the 1970s to 21 kilograms in 2009 (figure 15.1). Since the Agricultural innovation in Africa needs to internalize the early 1970s rice has been the number one source of caloric region’s biophysical, institutional, and socioeconomic con- intake in West Africa and the third most important source straints and establish efficient value chains to support sus- of calories (after maize and cassava) for the continent as a tainable growth and reduce poverty. whole (figure 15.2). Agricultural research can catalyze agricultural innova- Domestic rice production grew at the rate of 6 percent a tion and the development of the value chain. A prime exam- year between 2001 and 2005.5 But production still falls far ple is the New Rice for Africa (NERICA) varieties developed short of demand. As a result, Africa imports up to 40 per- by the Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice2) and partners, which cent of its rice consumption.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of Japonica Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) Varieties and Their Improvement in Terms of Stability, Yield and Cooking Quality by Pure-Line Selection in Thailand
    ESEARCH ARTICLE R ScienceAsia 46 (2020): 157–168 doi: 10.2306/scienceasia1513-1874.2020.029 Evaluation of japonica rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties and their improvement in terms of stability, yield and cooking quality by pure-line selection in Thailand Pawat Nakwilaia, Sulaiman Cheabuc, Possawat Narumona, Chatree Saensukb, Siwaret Arikita,b, a,b, Chanate Malumpong ∗ a Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom 73140 Thailand b Rice Science Center & Rice Gene Discovery Unit, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom 73140 Thailand c Faculty of Agriculture, Princess of Naradhiwas University, Narathiwat 96000 Thailand ∗Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] Received 3 Aug 2019 Accepted 3 Apr 2020 ABSTRACT: Many companies in Thailand have encouraged farmers, especially those in the northern regions, to cultivate DOA1 and DOA2 japonica rice varieties. Recently, the agronomic traits of DOA1 and DOA2 were altered, affecting yield and cooking quality. Thus, the objectives of this study were to evaluate the agronomic traits and cooking quality of DOA1 and DOA2 and those of exotic japonica varieties in different locations, including the Kamphaeng Saen and Phan districts (WS16). DOA2 was improved by pure-line selection. The results showed that the Phan district was better suited to grow japonica varieties than the Kamphaeng Saen district and that DOA2 produced high grain yields in both locations. Furthermore, DOA2 was selected by the pure-line method in four generations, after which five candidate lines, Tana1 to Tana5, were selected for yield trials. The results of yield trials in three seasons (WS17, DS17/18, WS18) confirmed that Tana1 showed high performance in terms of its agronomic traits and grain yield.
    [Show full text]
  • The Rice Crisis: Markets, Policies and Food Security
    ‘This book, with chapters from many prominent experts, Crisis Rice The presents new evidence from the recent rice price crisis and draws lessons for preventing the next crisis. It is a unique set of references on global food security and the world rice market.’ shenggen Fan, director General, international Food Policy Research institute (iFPRi) ‘This book is a must-read for those who wish to understand the world rice market, trade policies and food security concerns. The Rice Crisis It provides a careful and detailed analysis of the causes and consequences of the 2007 and 2008 global rice crisis. It is written by knowledgeable experts from the key MaRkeTs, PoliCies and Food seCuRiT y rice economy nations.’ Professor eric J. wailes, university of arkansas, usa r-...... he recent escalation of world food prices – particularly for cereals T– prompted mass public indignation and demonstrations in many countries, from the price of tortilla flour in Mexico to that of rice in the Philippines and pasta in Italy. The crisis has important implications for future government trade and food security policies, as countries -3 re-evaluate their reliance on potentially more volatile world markets to augment domestic supplies of staple foods. This book examines how government policies caused and responded to soaring world prices in the particular case of rice, which is the world’s most important source of calories for the poor. Comparable case studies of policy reactions in different countries (principally across Asia, but also including the USA and Africa) provide the understanding necessary to evaluate the impact of trade policy on the food security of poor farmers and consumers.
    [Show full text]
  • Iaea Tecdoc 1847
    IAEA-TECDOC-1847 IAEA-TECDOC-1847 IAEA TECDOC SERIES Rice Production Guidelines: Best Farm Management Practices and the Role of Isotopic Techniques Management Practices and the Role of Isotopic Best Farm Rice Production Guidelines: IAEA-TECDOC-1847 Rice Production Guidelines: Best Farm Management Practices and the Role of Isotopic Techniques International Atomic Energy Agency Vienna ISBN 978–92–0–103418–2 ISSN 1011–4289 @ RICE PRODUCTION GUIDELINES: BEST FARM MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND THE ROLE OF ISOTOPIC TECHNIQUES The following States are Members of the International Atomic Energy Agency: AFGHANISTAN GHANA PANAMA ALBANIA GREECE PAPUA NEW GUINEA ALGERIA GRENADA PARAGUAY ANGOLA GUATEMALA PERU ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA GUYANA PHILIPPINES ARGENTINA HAITI POLAND ARMENIA HOLY SEE PORTUGAL AUSTRALIA HONDURAS QATAR AUSTRIA HUNGARY REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA AZERBAIJAN ICELAND ROMANIA BAHAMAS INDIA RUSSIAN FEDERATION BAHRAIN INDONESIA BANGLADESH IRAN, ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF RWANDA BARBADOS IRAQ SAINT VINCENT AND BELARUS IRELAND THE GRENADINES BELGIUM ISRAEL SAN MARINO BELIZE ITALY SAUDI ARABIA BENIN JAMAICA SENEGAL BOLIVIA, PLURINATIONAL JAPAN SERBIA STATE OF JORDAN SEYCHELLES BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA KAZAKHSTAN SIERRA LEONE BOTSWANA KENYA SINGAPORE BRAZIL KOREA, REPUBLIC OF SLOVAKIA BRUNEI DARUSSALAM KUWAIT SLOVENIA BULGARIA KYRGYZSTAN SOUTH AFRICA BURKINA FASO LAO PEOPLE’S DEMOCRATIC SPAIN BURUNDI REPUBLIC SRI LANKA CAMBODIA LATVIA SUDAN CAMEROON LEBANON SWAZILAND CANADA LESOTHO SWEDEN CENTRAL AFRICAN LIBERIA SWITZERLAND REPUBLIC LIBYA CHAD LIECHTENSTEIN SYRIAN
    [Show full text]
  • Traditional Rice Varieties of Tamil Nadu : a Source Book
    TRADITIONAL RICE VARIETIES OF TAMIL NADU - A SOURCE BOOK THE CENTRE FOR INDIAN KNOWLEDGE Since 1995, Centre for Indian Knowledge Namma Nellu is an initiative of Centre for Indian SYSTEMS Systems has been working towards Knowledge Systems to conserve indigenous enhancing livelihood security of small rice varieties in Tamil Nadu. The objectives of (CIKS) and marginal farmers in Tamil Nadu. Namma Nellu initiative are planting and replanting Our programmes in the areas of organic the varieties year after year in two locations for agriculture, biodiversity conservation and conservation purposes, conducting researches has been involved in work relating to various Vrkshayurveda (the ancient Indian plant to understand the characteristics of traditional aspects of Traditional Rice Varieties (TRV) since science) have helped farmers go organic in the formation of the organization in 1995. The varieties, initiating dialogues on the importance a sustainable, effective and profitable way. work started initially with the realization that of Agro biodiversity on society and ecology these varieties were important for sustainable Drawing from and building on indigenous and multiplying seeds to offer for large scale agriculture practices since they provide a range knowledge and practices, we develop production of traditional rice varieties. of seeds which are suited to various ecosystems, farming solutions relevant to the present soil types and in many cases have the resistance day context. Our activities include research, to various pests, diseases, drought and floods. Several individuals, associations, communities, During the last 25 years the work has progressed extension work and promoting farmer educational institutions, families and organisations extensively as well as deeply and it currently producer organizations.
    [Show full text]
  • Genotypic Performance, Adaptability and Stability in Special Types of Irrigated Rice Using Mixed Models1
    Revista Ciência Agronômica, v. 50, n. 1, p. 66-75, jan-mar, 2019 Centro de Ciências Agrárias - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE Scientific Article www.ccarevista.ufc.br ISSN 1806-6690 Genotypic performance, adaptability and stability in special types of irrigated rice using mixed models1 Desempenho genotípico, adaptabilidade e estabilidade em tipos especiais de arroz irrigado via modelos mistos Eduardo Anibele Streck2*, Ariano Martins de Magalhães Júnior3, Gabriel Almeida Aguiar2, Paulo Henrique Karling Facchinello2 and Paulo Ricardo Reis Fagundes3 ABSTRACT - There is an increasing demand for special types of rice that have black or red pericarp, low amylose (subspecie japonica) or aromatic. However, intense breeding process for obtaining and indicating genetically promising new cultivars and adapted to cultivation environments are demanded. In this sense, for evaluating the special types of irrigated rice genotypes, and determining the adaptability and stability of these using mixed models. First, a preliminary agronomic evaluation of genotypes for special types of irrigated rice was performed, and later, the agronomically promising genotypes were evaluated in multi-site trials, aiming at verifying the interactions with the environment. Statistical analyzes were performed considering mixed models, using the SELEGEN-REML/BLUP software. High genotypic variability among genotypes for special types of irrigated rice was observed, obtaining some agronomically promising and with good adaptability and stability, with high accuracy and selection efficiency using mixed models. The observed wide diversity and rice genetic variability presented new prospects and opportunities for producers for acquiring food of higher added value to consumer market. Key words: Oryza sativa. Black rice. Red rice. Aromatic rice.
    [Show full text]
  • 1. Advanced Rice Varieties for Africa (ARICA)
    19 Intellectual assets generated by AfricaRice under TAAT 1. Advanced Rice Varieties for Africa (ARICA) is a new generation of improved high-yielding rice varieties that poses genetic material which consistently out-yields other rice varieties available to farmers. ARICAs have been widely tested by the Africa-wide Rice Breeding Task Force in multi-location participatory varietal selection (PVS) across Africa, with the active participation of farmers. ARICAs came from lines developed by AfricaRice, CIAT, IRRI, and national agricultural research systems (NARS). A total of 18 ARICA varieties have been nominated as of April 2016: 5 ARICAs in 2013, 7 in 2014, and 6 in 2016. Where piloted ARICA was tested and or piloted in 30 African countries by the Africa-wide Rice Breeding Task Force using PVS. The current 18 ARICA varieties are available in Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea Bissau, Mali, Nigeria and Uganda. Number of farmers that technology was piloted with Over 3000 farmers were involved in PVS for the 18 ARICA varieties. Success factors For a variety to be widely adopted by users, one of the most critical factors is that the variety should out-perform existing ones. The process of ARICA nomination through the Africa-wide 1 Rice Breeding Task Force ensures credibility for the descriptions of a new variety. The 18 ARICAs have been nominated based on particular advantages - iron toxicity tolerant; cold tolerant; salt tolerant; and good grain quality (high milling recovery, low chalky, short cooking time). ARICA 1, ARICA 2 and ARICA 3 respectively showed 20–44%, 50–111%, and 2–69% higher yield than NERICA-L 19 which is in wide use.
    [Show full text]
  • Rice Scientific Classification Kingdom: Plantae Division: Magnoliophyta
    Rice From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Rice Oryza sativa Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae Division: Magnoliophyta Class: Liliopsida Order: Poales Family: Poaceae Genus: Oryza Species • Oryza glaberrima • Oryza sativa Rice refers to two species ( Oryza sativa and Oryza glaberrima ) of grass , native to tropical and subtropical southern & southeastern Asia and to Africa , which together provide more than one fifth of the calories consumed by humans [1]. (The term "wild rice" can refer to wild species of Oryza, but conventionally refers to species of the related genus Zizania , both wild and domesticated.) Rice is an annual plant , growing to 1–1.8 m tall, occasionally more, with long slender leaves 50–100 cm long and 2–2.5 cm broad. The small wind-pollinated flowers are produced in a branched arching to pendulous inflorescence 30–50 cm long. The seed is a grain (caryopsis) 5–12 mm long and 2–3 mm thick. Contents • 1 Cultivation • 2 Preparation as food o 2.1 Cooking • 3 History o 3.1 Etymology o 3.2 History of cultivation • 4 World production and trade • 5 Rice Pests • 6 Cultivars Cultivation The planting of rice is often a labour intensive process Rice is a dietary staple for a large part of the world's human population , making it the most consumed cereal grain . Rice is the world's third largest crop, behind maize ("corn") and wheat . Rice cultivation is well suited to countries and regions with low labour costs and high rainfall , as it is very labour-intensive to cultivate and requires plenty of water for irrigation , much like the licorice crops found in Eastern Europe.
    [Show full text]
  • Technology and the Africa Rice Center
    Daniels Fund Ethics Initiative University of New Mexico http://danielsethics.mgt.unm.edu Debate Technology and the Africa Rice Center ISSUE: Should genetic modification be used to further economic development? In Africa, the rice industry is represented by the Africa Rice Center, formerly known as West Africa Rice Development Association (WARDA). The mission of the center is to contribute to poverty alleviation and food security in Africa, through research, development, and partnership activities aimed at increasing the productivity and profitability of the rice sector in ways that ensure the sustainability of the farming environment. The association started in 1970 and today boasts twenty-two African nations as members and partners with many international organizations, including the United Nations, European Commission, and the World Health Organizations. In carrying out its mission, the center recognizes three key barriers, including (1) low productivity and sustainability of rice, (2) poor quality of the marketed product, and (3) unfavorable market and policy environment. To overcome these issues, the center established a strategic plan, including the use of research and development protocols to bridge genetic diversity and produce new variations of rice and disease-resistant crops. The center's current technologies allowed for the introduction of NERICA (New Rice for Africa) rice varieties. NERICA was created by crossing O. glaberrima and O. sativa, two species of rice that demonstrate different strengths and weaknesses when grown in Africa. Rice farmers had long hoped to combine the best traits of the two species, but efforts had been fruitless. In the early 1990s, WARDA breeders turned to biotechnology in an attempt to overcome the infertility problem.
    [Show full text]
  • On Income and Poverty Among Rice Farming Households in Nigeria: a Local Average Treatment Effect (LATE) Approach
    Quarterly Journal of International Agriculture 50 (2011), No. 3: 267-291 Impact of Improved Rice Technology (NERICA varieties) on Income and Poverty among Rice Farming Households in Nigeria: A Local Average Treatment Effect (LATE) Approach Paul Martin Dontsop Nguezet University of Ibadan and International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria Aliou Diagne Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice) ex WARDA/ADRAO, Cotonou, Benin Victor Olusegun Okoruwa University of Ibadan, Nigeria Vivian Ojehomon National Cereals Research Institute, Bida, Nigeria Abstract This study examines the impact of the adoption of New Rice for Africa varieties (NERICAs) on income and poverty among Nigerian rice farming households. It used instrumental variables estimators to estimate the Local Average Treatment Effect (LATE) of adopting NERICA on income and poverty reduction, using the cross- sectional data of 481 farmers from the upland, lowland and irrigated rice ecologies The findings reveal a robust, positive and significant impact of NERICA variety adoption on farm household income and welfare measured by per capita expenditure and poverty reduction. The empirical results suggest that adoption of NERICA varieties helped raise household per capita expenditure and income by averages of 49.1% and 46.0%, respectively, thereby reducing the probability of adoptive households falling below the poverty line. The study suggests that increased investment in NERICA dissemination, with complementary measures, is a reasonable policy instrument to raise incomes and reduce poverty among rice farming households. Keywords: impact, NERICA varieties, income, poverty, local average treatment effect, Nigeria JEL: C13, O33, Q12, Q16 Quarterly Journal of International Agriculture 50 (2011), No. 3; DLG-Verlag Frankfurt/M.
    [Show full text]
  • Recommendation Process in Japan
    東北農研研報 BulL Nat1，Agric。Res、Cent．Tohoku Reg．100，93－117（2002） 93 Note Rice Breeding at the National Agricult皿al Research Center for the Tohoku Region（NARCT）and Rice Varietal Recommendation Process in Japan Tadashi TAKITA＊1）and Rena，ndo O．SOLIS＊2） Abstract：This report，specifically，aims to introduce the breeding methodologies at the NARCT as much as the varietal recommendation process being used in Japan which is considerably differen七from that in other countries，In addition，it aims to provide new insights through broader experience in rice breeding。Vastly covered by mountains and forests，Japan cleared about3million hectares for rice cultivation．Despite the scarcity in arable land and the geographical limitation that＆llows Japanese farmers to grow a rice crop only once a year，the country has incredibly managed to stabilize the domestic rice production and grain supply．This remarkable achievement was largely due to the follow－ ing factors：vast irrigation networks，improved rice cultivation techniques，efficient mechanized farming practices，and use of improved varieties that are highly suitab！e to local growing conditions，In the improvement of rice varieties，long before the advent of the Green Revolution，Japan already had a long history of rice varietal improvement through classical breeding．The integrated rice breeding program has been implemented by the Japanese govemment since1903．Complemented by the presence Qf high！y organized farmers’cooperative systems and rice distribution chamels，backed up with strong govemment support through reasonable
    [Show full text]