DOCSLIB.ORG

Measuring the Effectiveness of Crop Improvement Research in Sub

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Measuring the Effectiveness of Crop Improvement Research in Sub Measuring the Effectiveness of Crop Improvement Research in Sub-Saharan Africa from the Perspectives of Varietal Output, Adoption, and Change: 20 Crops, 30 Countries, and 1150 Cultivars in Farmers’ Fields July 2014 CGIAR INDEPENDENT SCIENCE AND PARTNERSHIP COUNCIL Synthesis Report for Objectives 1 and 2 of Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation’s Diffusion and Impact of Improved Varieties in Africa (DIIVA) Project Measuring the Effectiveness of Crop Improvement Research in Sub-Saharan Africa from the Perspectives of Varietal Output, Adoption, and Change: 20 Crops, 30 Countries, and 1150 Cultivars in Farmers’ Fields Tom Walker, Arega Alene, Jupiter Ndjeunga, Ricardo Labarta, Yigezu Yigezu, Aliou Diagne, Robert Andrade, Rachel Muthoni Andriatsitohaina, Hugo De Groote, Kai Mausch, Chilot Yirga, Franklin Simtowe, Enid Katungi, Wellington Jogo, Moti Jaleta and Sushil Pandey Prepared for the Standing Panel on Impact Assessment (SPIA) CGIAR Independent Science & Partnership Council (ISPC) July 2014 The CGIAR Independent Science and Partnership Council encourages fair use of this material provided proper citation is made. Walker, T., Alene, A., Ndjeunga, J., Labarta, R., Yigezu, Y., Diagne, A., Andrade, R., Muthoni Andriatsitohaina, R., De Groote, H., Mausch, K., Yirga, C., Simtowe, F., Katungi, E., Jogo, W., Jaleta, M. & Pandey, S. 2014. Measuring the Effectiveness of Crop Improvement Research in Sub-Saharan Africa from the Perspectives of Varietal Output, Adoption, and Change: 20 Crops, 30 Countries, and 1150 Cultivars in Farmers’ Fields. Report of the Standing Panel on Impact Assessment (SPIA), CGIAR Independent Science and Partnership Council (ISPC) Secretariat: Rome, Italy. Contents Tables and figures iv Acronyms and abbreviations vi Acknowledgements vii Foreword xi Executive summary 1 Introduction 6 1. Crop and country coverage 8 2. Scientific strength in crop improvement 10 Scientific staff strength by research program in 2010 10 The congruence rule: How many full-time equivalent (FTE) scientists are desirable? 13 Differences in scientific strength over time 14 Other aspects of scientific capacity: age, education, experience, and area of specialization 17 FTE scientists in the CGIAR 19 Agreement between the DIIVA and the Agricultural Sciences and Technology Indicators Initiative (ASTI) FTE estimates 21 Summary 23 3. Varietal output 25 Findings on varietal output in 1998 26 Updating varietal output in 2010 26 Varietal output over time 28 The historical record on CGIAR contributions to varietal output 30 The maturity of crop improvement programs over time 32 Summary 34 4. Varietal adoption 37 Defining modern varieties (MVs) and estimating adoption 37 Adoption levels of improved varieties by crop in 2010 39 Adoption rates by country 43 Named MVs in the adoption database 44 Spillovers in adoption 46 IARC-related adoption 47 Comparing adoption levels between 1998 and 2010 48 Summary 51 5. Varietal change 53 The importance of estimating varietal change 53 The velocity of varietal turnover in 2010 by crop 53 Varietal change and adoption by crop-by-country observations 55 The vintage of adopted varieties 56 Comparing levels of varietal change in 1998 and 2010 57 Summary 58 6. Validating adoption estimates generated by expert opinion from survey estimates 59 Validating expert opinion on adoption and the protocol used to elicit estimates from experts 59 Describing the validation surveys on the diffusion of MVs 61 Validating expert opinion with the survey estimates 62 Focusing on challenges in nationally representative adoption surveys 66 Summary 68 7. Conclusions 70 References 74 Annex: Summary data on FTE scientists, varietal release, and adoption of improved varieties by crop and country 79 Synthesis Report for Objectives 1 and 2 of Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation’s DIIVA Project — iii Tables and figures Table 1.1. Area coverage in SSA in 2010 by crop 9 Table 1.2. The number of crop-by-country observations in the DIIVA Project by type of data 9 Table 2.1. FTE scientists by crop improvement program in SSA in 2010 11 Table 2.2. Estimated research intensities by crop in SSA in 2010 from the perspectives of area, production, and value of production 12 Table 2.3. Comparing the actual allocation of FTE scientists to a normative allocation by crop 14 Table 2.4. Differences in estimated FTE scientists and research intensities between 1998 and 2010 by crop based on 65 paired comparisons 15 Figure 2.1. Change in scientific staff strength in food crop improvement programs between 1997/98 and 2009/10. 16 Table 2.5. Educational level of scientists in crop improvement programs by region in SSA 17 Table 2.6. Relative allocation of scientists by disciplinary specialization across roots and tubers, grain legumes, and cereals in SSA in 2010 in % shares 18 Table 2.7. Relative allocation of scientists by disciplinary specialization in SSA in 2010 in % shares 19 Figure 2.2. Number of PhD scientists working in the groundnut, pearl millet, sorghum and pulse improvement programs in ICRISAT by location for selected years in 1978–2010 20 Figure 2.3. Comparing ASTI and DIIVA estimates of scientific strength 22 Table 3.1. Counting the number of cultivars in the varietal release database by crop in SSA from before 1970 to 2011 27 Table 3.2. The frequency of cultivar release by decade by crop in SSA 28 Table 3.3. Performance in varietal release from 1999 to 2011 29 Figure 3.1. Crop-by-country observations with more releases in the 1980s than in the 2000s 31 Table 3.4. The contribution of IARCs of the CGIAR to varietal output output in SSA, 1980–2011 32 Figure 3.2. Number of improved maize varieties released by decade and by origin 33 Table 3.5. IARC-related percent share estimates over time with and without maize in ESA 33 Figure 3.3. Trend in the release of bean varieties by germplasm source, 1970–2010 34 Figure 3.4. Trend in cassava variety releases by IITA content, 1970–2010 35 iv — Synthesis Report for Objectives 1 and 2 of Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation’s DIIVA Project Table 3.6. Trend in the number of sorghum, pearl millet and groundnut varieties released by germplasm origin, 1970–2010 35 Figure 3.5. Trend in cowpea varietal releases by germplasm content, 1970–2010 35 Table 4.1. Source of the national adoption estimates by number of observations 39 Table 4.2 Adoption of MVs of food crops in SSA in 2010 40 Table 4.3. Weighted area adoption levels by country in SSA in 2010 44 Table 4.4. Top-ranked varieties by commodity and country by area and value of production 45 Table 4.5. The contribution of the CG Centers to MV adoption in SSA in 2010 48 Table 4.6. Change in MV adoption between 1998 and 2010 in ten food crops in SSA 49 Figure 4.1. Change in the estimated level of adoption of improved maize and cassava varieties between 1998 and 2010 50 Figure 4.2. Change in the estimated level of adoption of improved bean, groundnut, pearl millet, potato, rice, sorghum and wheat varieties between 1998 and 2010 51 Table 5.1. The velocity of varietal turnover of improved varieties in farmers’ fields in SSA by crop 54 Figure 5.1. Distribution of crop-by-country improvement level of adoption and the mean 55 Figure 5.2. The distribution of country by crop improvement level of adoption and mean age of varieties in farmers’ fields 56 Table 5.2. Genetic improvement programs with higher adoption and more rapid varietal turnover by crop and country 57 Table 5.3. The vintage of varieties contributing to adoption in 2010 by criterion and by release period 57 Table 6.1. Description of the sampling features of the diffusion MV validation surveys conducted by participants in the DIIVA Project 62 Table 6.2. Validating adoption estimates from expert opinion with survey results by crop 63 Table 6.3. Agreement between expert and survey estimates of specific varieties by expert interval 65 Table 6.4. Distribution of rice by variety planted during major growing season in 2012 67 Table 6.5. Comparison of village-level and household-level interview data on varietal adoption using area grown under these varieties for rice in Nigeria 68 Annex Table 1: Summary data on FTE scientists, varietal release, and adoption of improved varieties by crop and country 79 Synthesis Report for Objectives 1 and 2 of Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation’s DIIVA Project — v Acronyms and abbreviations ASTI Agricultural Sciences and IFPRI International Food Policy Technology Indicators Research Institute BMGF Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation IITA International Institute of Tropical BSc Bachelor of Science Agriculture CATIE Centro Agronómico Tropical de INTSTORMIL International Sorghum and Millet Investigación y Enseñanza (Costa Collaborative Research Project of Rica) USAID CAR Central African Republic IRAT Institut de Recherches CIAT Centro Internacional de Agronomiques Tropicales Agricultura Tropical (Inter national IRRI International Rice Research Center for Tropical Agriculture) Institute CIMMYT Centro Internacional de ISNAR International Service for National Mejoramiento de Maiz y Trigo Agricultural Research (International Center for the IVT Institute of Horticultural Plant Improvement of Maize and Breeding Wheat) JICA Japan International Cooperation CIP Centro Internacional de La Papa Agency (International Potato Center) MAPE Mean Absolute Percent Error CIRAD Centre de Coopération MAS Marker-assisted selection Internationale en Recherche MDV Millennium Development Goals Agronomique pour le MSc Master of Science Développement (Agricultural MV Modern variety Research for Development) NARO National Agricultural Research
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Boosting Agricultural Efficiency and Output Through Targeted Interventions
    PA R T I V Boosting Agricultural Efficiency and Output through Targeted Interventions CHAPTER 1 5 Increasing Rice Productivity and Strengthening Food Security through New Rice for Africa (NERICA) Aliou Diagne, Soul-Kifouly Gnonna Midingoyi, Marco Wopereis, and Inoussa Akintayo espite Africa’s potentially rich land and water capita rice consumption in West Africa increased from resources, its farmers are among the poorest in the 14 kilograms in the 1970s to 22 kilograms in the 1980s and world. Because the vast majority of people in more than 39 kilograms in 2009. For Africa as whole, annual DAfrica der ive their livelihoods from agriculture, the weak per capita rice consumption increased from 11 kilograms in state of the sector has profound implications for poverty.1 the 1970s to 21 kilograms in 2009 (figure 15.1). Since the Agricultural innovation in Africa needs to internalize the early 1970s rice has been the number one source of caloric region’s biophysical, institutional, and socioeconomic con- intake in West Africa and the third most important source straints and establish efficient value chains to support sus- of calories (after maize and cassava) for the continent as a tainable growth and reduce poverty. whole (figure 15.2). Agricultural research can catalyze agricultural innova- Domestic rice production grew at the rate of 6 percent a tion and the development of the value chain. A prime exam- year between 2001 and 2005.5 But production still falls far ple is the New Rice for Africa (NERICA) varieties developed short of demand. As a result, Africa imports up to 40 per- by the Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice2) and partners, which cent of its rice consumption.
    [Show full text]
  • The Rice Crisis: Markets, Policies and Food Security
    ‘This book, with chapters from many prominent experts, Crisis Rice The presents new evidence from the recent rice price crisis and draws lessons for preventing the next crisis. It is a unique set of references on global food security and the world rice market.’ shenggen Fan, director General, international Food Policy Research institute (iFPRi) ‘This book is a must-read for those who wish to understand the world rice market, trade policies and food security concerns. The Rice Crisis It provides a careful and detailed analysis of the causes and consequences of the 2007 and 2008 global rice crisis. It is written by knowledgeable experts from the key MaRkeTs, PoliCies and Food seCuRiT y rice economy nations.’ Professor eric J. wailes, university of arkansas, usa r-...... he recent escalation of world food prices – particularly for cereals T– prompted mass public indignation and demonstrations in many countries, from the price of tortilla flour in Mexico to that of rice in the Philippines and pasta in Italy. The crisis has important implications for future government trade and food security policies, as countries -3 re-evaluate their reliance on potentially more volatile world markets to augment domestic supplies of staple foods. This book examines how government policies caused and responded to soaring world prices in the particular case of rice, which is the world’s most important source of calories for the poor. Comparable case studies of policy reactions in different countries (principally across Asia, but also including the USA and Africa) provide the understanding necessary to evaluate the impact of trade policy on the food security of poor farmers and consumers.
    [Show full text]
  • 1. Advanced Rice Varieties for Africa (ARICA)
    19 Intellectual assets generated by AfricaRice under TAAT 1. Advanced Rice Varieties for Africa (ARICA) is a new generation of improved high-yielding rice varieties that poses genetic material which consistently out-yields other rice varieties available to farmers. ARICAs have been widely tested by the Africa-wide Rice Breeding Task Force in multi-location participatory varietal selection (PVS) across Africa, with the active participation of farmers. ARICAs came from lines developed by AfricaRice, CIAT, IRRI, and national agricultural research systems (NARS). A total of 18 ARICA varieties have been nominated as of April 2016: 5 ARICAs in 2013, 7 in 2014, and 6 in 2016. Where piloted ARICA was tested and or piloted in 30 African countries by the Africa-wide Rice Breeding Task Force using PVS. The current 18 ARICA varieties are available in Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea Bissau, Mali, Nigeria and Uganda. Number of farmers that technology was piloted with Over 3000 farmers were involved in PVS for the 18 ARICA varieties. Success factors For a variety to be widely adopted by users, one of the most critical factors is that the variety should out-perform existing ones. The process of ARICA nomination through the Africa-wide 1 Rice Breeding Task Force ensures credibility for the descriptions of a new variety. The 18 ARICAs have been nominated based on particular advantages - iron toxicity tolerant; cold tolerant; salt tolerant; and good grain quality (high milling recovery, low chalky, short cooking time). ARICA 1, ARICA 2 and ARICA 3 respectively showed 20–44%, 50–111%, and 2–69% higher yield than NERICA-L 19 which is in wide use.
    [Show full text]
  • Rice Scientific Classification Kingdom: Plantae Division: Magnoliophyta
    Rice From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Rice Oryza sativa Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae Division: Magnoliophyta Class: Liliopsida Order: Poales Family: Poaceae Genus: Oryza Species • Oryza glaberrima • Oryza sativa Rice refers to two species ( Oryza sativa and Oryza glaberrima ) of grass , native to tropical and subtropical southern & southeastern Asia and to Africa , which together provide more than one fifth of the calories consumed by humans [1]. (The term "wild rice" can refer to wild species of Oryza, but conventionally refers to species of the related genus Zizania , both wild and domesticated.) Rice is an annual plant , growing to 1–1.8 m tall, occasionally more, with long slender leaves 50–100 cm long and 2–2.5 cm broad. The small wind-pollinated flowers are produced in a branched arching to pendulous inflorescence 30–50 cm long. The seed is a grain (caryopsis) 5–12 mm long and 2–3 mm thick. Contents • 1 Cultivation • 2 Preparation as food o 2.1 Cooking • 3 History o 3.1 Etymology o 3.2 History of cultivation • 4 World production and trade • 5 Rice Pests • 6 Cultivars Cultivation The planting of rice is often a labour intensive process Rice is a dietary staple for a large part of the world's human population , making it the most consumed cereal grain . Rice is the world's third largest crop, behind maize ("corn") and wheat . Rice cultivation is well suited to countries and regions with low labour costs and high rainfall , as it is very labour-intensive to cultivate and requires plenty of water for irrigation , much like the licorice crops found in Eastern Europe.
    [Show full text]
  • Technology and the Africa Rice Center
    Daniels Fund Ethics Initiative University of New Mexico http://danielsethics.mgt.unm.edu Debate Technology and the Africa Rice Center ISSUE: Should genetic modification be used to further economic development? In Africa, the rice industry is represented by the Africa Rice Center, formerly known as West Africa Rice Development Association (WARDA). The mission of the center is to contribute to poverty alleviation and food security in Africa, through research, development, and partnership activities aimed at increasing the productivity and profitability of the rice sector in ways that ensure the sustainability of the farming environment. The association started in 1970 and today boasts twenty-two African nations as members and partners with many international organizations, including the United Nations, European Commission, and the World Health Organizations. In carrying out its mission, the center recognizes three key barriers, including (1) low productivity and sustainability of rice, (2) poor quality of the marketed product, and (3) unfavorable market and policy environment. To overcome these issues, the center established a strategic plan, including the use of research and development protocols to bridge genetic diversity and produce new variations of rice and disease-resistant crops. The center's current technologies allowed for the introduction of NERICA (New Rice for Africa) rice varieties. NERICA was created by crossing O. glaberrima and O. sativa, two species of rice that demonstrate different strengths and weaknesses when grown in Africa. Rice farmers had long hoped to combine the best traits of the two species, but efforts had been fruitless. In the early 1990s, WARDA breeders turned to biotechnology in an attempt to overcome the infertility problem.
    [Show full text]
  • On Income and Poverty Among Rice Farming Households in Nigeria: a Local Average Treatment Effect (LATE) Approach
    Quarterly Journal of International Agriculture 50 (2011), No. 3: 267-291 Impact of Improved Rice Technology (NERICA varieties) on Income and Poverty among Rice Farming Households in Nigeria: A Local Average Treatment Effect (LATE) Approach Paul Martin Dontsop Nguezet University of Ibadan and International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria Aliou Diagne Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice) ex WARDA/ADRAO, Cotonou, Benin Victor Olusegun Okoruwa University of Ibadan, Nigeria Vivian Ojehomon National Cereals Research Institute, Bida, Nigeria Abstract This study examines the impact of the adoption of New Rice for Africa varieties (NERICAs) on income and poverty among Nigerian rice farming households. It used instrumental variables estimators to estimate the Local Average Treatment Effect (LATE) of adopting NERICA on income and poverty reduction, using the cross- sectional data of 481 farmers from the upland, lowland and irrigated rice ecologies The findings reveal a robust, positive and significant impact of NERICA variety adoption on farm household income and welfare measured by per capita expenditure and poverty reduction. The empirical results suggest that adoption of NERICA varieties helped raise household per capita expenditure and income by averages of 49.1% and 46.0%, respectively, thereby reducing the probability of adoptive households falling below the poverty line. The study suggests that increased investment in NERICA dissemination, with complementary measures, is a reasonable policy instrument to raise incomes and reduce poverty among rice farming households. Keywords: impact, NERICA varieties, income, poverty, local average treatment effect, Nigeria JEL: C13, O33, Q12, Q16 Quarterly Journal of International Agriculture 50 (2011), No. 3; DLG-Verlag Frankfurt/M.
    [Show full text]
  • Rice Culture in Agriculture: an Indian Perspective
    The International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) was established in 1960 by the Ford and Rockefeller Foundations with the help and approval of the Government of the Philippines. Today, IRRI is one of the 15 nonprofit international research centers supported by the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR - www.cgiar.org). IRRI receives support from several CGIAR members, including the World Bank, European Union, Asian Development Bank, International Fund for Agricultural Development, Rockefeller Foundation, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, and agencies of the following countries: Australia, Brazil, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, India, Iran, Japan, Malaysia, Norway, People's Republic of China, Republic of Korea, Republic of the Philippines, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, United Kingdom, United States, and Vietnam. The responsibility for this publication rests with the International Rice Research Institute. © National Academy of Agricultural Sciences, New Delhi, 2007 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without permission. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims of damages. Mailing address: DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines Phone: +63 (2) 580-5600 Fax: +63 (2) 580-5699 Email: [email protected] Web: www.irri.org. Rice Knowledge Bank: www.knowledgebank.irri.org Courier address: Suite 1009, Security Bank Center 6776 Ayala Avenue, Makati City, Philippines Tel. +63 (2) 891-1236, 891-1174, 891-1258, 891-1303 Suggested Citation: Aggarwal PK, Ladha JK, Singh RK, Devakumar C, Hardy B, editors. 2007. Science, technology, and trade for peace and prosperity.
    [Show full text]
  • Oryza Glaberrima): History and Future Potential
    African rice (Oryza glaberrima): History and future potential Olga F. Linares* Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Box 2072, Balboa-Ancon, Republic of Panama Contributed by Olga F. Linares, October 4, 2002 The African species of rice (Oryza glaberrima) was cultivated long existed, the fact remains that African rice was first cultivated before Europeans arrived in the continent. At present, O. glaber- many centuries before the first Europeans arrived on the West rima is being replaced by the introduced Asian species of rice, African coast. Oryza sativa. Some West African farmers, including the Jola of The early Colonial history of O. glaberrima begins when the southern Senegal, still grow African rice for use in ritual contexts. first Portuguese reached the West African coast and witnessed The two species of rice have recently been crossed, producing a the cultivation of rice in the floodplains and marshes of the promising hybrid. Upper Guinea Coast. In their accounts, spanning the second half of the 15th century and all of the 16th century, they mentioned here are only two species of cultivated rice in the world: the vast fields planted in rice by the local inhabitants and TOryza glaberrima, or African rice, and Oryza sativa, or Asian emphasized the important role this cereal played in the native rice. Native to sub-Saharan Africa, O. glaberrima is thought to diet. The first Portuguese chronicler to mention rice growing in have been domesticated from the wild ancestor Oryza barthii the Upper Guinea Coast was Gomes Eanes de Azurara in 1446. (formerly known as Oryza brevilugata) by peoples living in the He described a voyage along the coast 60 leagues south of Cape floodplains at the bend of the Niger River some 2,000–3,000 Vert, where a handful of men, navigating down a river that was years ago (1, 2).
    [Show full text]
  • National Rice Research Institute: Activities Achievements And
    National Rice Research Institute: Activities, Achievements and Aspirations Editors H Pathak, AK Nayak, D Maiti, GAK Kumar, JN Reddy, PC Rath, P Swain and R Bhagawati ICAR-National Rice Research Institute Cuttack 753 006, Odisha, India Citation National Rice Research Institute: Activities, Achievements and Aspirations. (Ed.) Pathak H, Nayak AK, Maiti D, Kumar GAK, Reddy JN, Rath PC, Swain P and Bhagawati R (2019). ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India, p viii+264 Editors H Pathak AK Nayak D Maiti GAK Kumar JN Reddy PC Rath P Swain R Bhagawati Published by Director, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753 006, Odisha, India Design and layout SK Sinha May, 2019 Disclaimer ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha is not liable for any loss arising due to improper interpretation of the scientific information provided in this book. ©All Rights Reserved ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India Printed by Print-Tech Offset Pvt. Ltd., Bhubaneswar 751 024, Odisha, India. ii iii iv Preface Rice is the staple food for more than two thirds of Indian population contributing more than 40% to the total food grain production, thereby occupies a pivotal role in the food and livelihood security of people. The crop is grown under varying climatic and soil conditions under diverse ecologies spread over about 43 million hectares. Over the last six decades the productivity has increased by about five times and this growth in agricultural production has come mainly from yield increase and to a lesser extent from area expansion, which is projected to decline further.
    [Show full text]
  • NERICA : the New Rice for Africa
    Africa Rice Center (WARDA) NERICA® : the New Rice for Africa – a Compendium Editors EA Somado, RG Guei and SO Keya 2008 edition About Africa Rice Center (WARDA) Africa Rice Center (WARDA) is an autonomous intergovernmental research association of African member states and also one of the 15 international agricultural research Centers supported by the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). WARDA’s mission is to contribute to poverty alleviation and food security in sub- Saharan Africa (SSA) through research, development and partnership activities DLPHGDWLQFUHDVLQJWKHSURGXFWLYLW\DQGSUR¿WDELOLW\RIWKHULFHVHFWRULQZD\V that ensure the sustainability of the farming environment. WARDA hosts the African Rice Initiative (ARI), the Rice Research and 'HYHORSPHQW1HWZRUNIRU:HVWDQG&HQWUDO$IULFD 52&$5,= WKH,QWHUQDWLRQDO 1HWZRUNIRU*HQHWLF(YDOXDWLRQRI5LFHLQ$IULFD ,1*(5$IULFD DQGWKH,QODQG 9DOOH\&RQVRUWLXP ,9& ,WDOVRVXSSRUWVWKH&RRUGLQDWLRQ8QLWRIWKH(DVWHUQ DQG&HQWUDO$IULFDQ5LFH5HVHDUFK1HWZRUN (&$551 EDVHGLQ7DQ]DQLD WARDA has its headquarters in Cotonou, Benin and regional research stations QHDU6DLQW/RXLV6HQHJDODQGDWWKH,QWHUQDWLRQDO,QVWLWXWHIRU7URSLFDO$JULFXOWXUH ,,7$ LQ,EDGDQ1LJHULD:$5'$¶VPDLQUHVHDUFKFHQWHULVLQ&{WHG¶,YRLUHEXW most scientists and researchers are temporarily located in Cotonou. )RUPRUHLQIRUPDWLRQYLVLWZZZZDUGDRUJ Africa Rice Center (WARDA) Headquarters 01 BP 2031 Cotonou, Benin 7HO )D[ (PDLOZDUGD#FJLDURUJ WARDA Nigeria Station WARDA Sahel Station Tanzania Station WARDA $'5$2%36W/RXLV FR0LNRFKHQL$JULFXOWXUDO c/o International Institute of Senegal Research Institute 7URSLFDO$JULFXOWXUH ,,7$ 32%R[ 2\R5RDG30% Dar es Salaam Ibadan 7DQ]DQLD Nigeria 7HO 7HO 7HO )D[ )D[ )D[ (PDLO ZDUGDLEDGDQ#FJLDURUJ (PDLO ZDUGDVDKHO#FJLDURUJ (PDLODOX]LNLKXSL#FJLDURUJ Africa Rice Center (WARDA) NERICA® : the New Rice for Africa – a Compendium Editors EA Somado, RG Guei and SO Keya 2008 i © Copyright Africa Rice Center (WARDA) 2008 WARDA encourages fair use of this material.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report-2004 -.Pdf
    ドキュメント1 05.10.27 11:23 ページ 1 ドキュメント1 05.10.27 11:23 ページ 2 扉.qxd 05.10.27 11:12 ページ i Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences Annual Report 2004 (April 2004-March 2005) Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences 1-1 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686 JAPAN 扉.qxd 05.10.27 11:12 ページ ii EDITORIAL BOARD Chairman Shinobu Inanaga President Vice-Chairman Masami Yasunaka Director, Research Planning and Coordination Division Editors-in-Chief Fumio Yoshida Head, Publication and Documentation Section Marcy N. Wilder Senior Researcher, Fisheries Division and Research Planning and Coordination Division Editorial Committee Yoshinobu Egawa Head, Research Planning Section Kunimasa Matsumoto Public Information Officer, Research Planning and Coordination Division Ryuichi Yamada Senior Researcher, Research Planning and Coordination Division Junji Hashimoto Head, JIRCAS Editorial Office Staff Noriko Moriyama JIRCAS Editorial Office Staff Advisory Panel Akinori Noguchi Vice-President Tokuzo Ono Director, Administration Division Osamu Koyama Director, Development Research Division Takashi Kumashiro Director, Biological Resources Division Osamu Ito Director, Crop Production and Environment Division Shuichi Oshio Director, Animal Production and Grassland Division Yutaka Mori Director, Food Science and Technology Division Shozo Nakamura Director, Forestry Division Koji Nakamura Director, Fisheries Division telephone 81-29-838-6313/6330 Toshihiro Senboku Director, Okinawa Subtropical Station facsimile 81-29-838-6316 e-mail
    [Show full text]
  • The Genome Sequence of African Rice (Oryza Glaberrima) and Evidence for Independent Domestication
    ARTICLES OPEN The genome sequence of African rice (Oryza glaberrima) and evidence for independent domestication Muhua Wang1,16, Yeisoo Yu1,16, Georg Haberer2,16, Pradeep Reddy Marri3,16, Chuanzhu Fan1,4, Jose Luis Goicoechea1, Andrea Zuccolo5, Xiang Song1, Dave Kudrna1, Jetty S S Ammiraju1,6, Rosa Maria Cossu7, Carlos Maldonado1, Jinfeng Chen8, Seunghee Lee1, Nick Sisneros1, Kristi de Baynast1, Wolfgang Golser1, Marina Wissotski1, Woojin Kim1, Paul Sanchez1,9, Marie-Noelle Ndjiondjop10, Kayode Sanni10, Manyuan Long11, Judith Carney12, Olivier Panaud13, Thomas Wicker14, Carlos A Machado15, Mingsheng Chen8, Klaus F X Mayer2, Steve Rounsley3 & Rod A Wing1 The cultivation of rice in Africa dates back more than 3,000 years. Interestingly, African rice is not of the same origin as Asian rice (Oryza sativa L.) but rather is an entirely different species (i.e., Oryza glaberrima Steud.). Here we present a high-quality assembly and annotation of the O. glaberrima genome and detailed analyses of its evolutionary history of domestication and selection. Population genomics analyses of 20 O. glaberrima and 94 Oryza barthii accessions support the hypothesis that O. glaberrima was domesticated in a single region along the Niger river as opposed to noncentric domestication events across Africa. We detected evidence for artificial selection at a genome-wide scale, as well as with a set of O. glaberrima genes orthologous to O. sativa genes that are known to be associated with domestication, thus indicating convergent yet independent selection of a common set of genes during two geographically and culturally distinct domestication processes. O. glaberrima Steud. is an African species of rice that was inde- Here we present a high-quality assembly and annotation of the pendently domesticated from the wild progenitor O.
    [Show full text]