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Camille Desmoulins OEUVRES CAMILLE DESMOULINS IIECUEILLIES ET PUBLIEES D'APP,ÈS LES TEX'I S ORIGINAUX AUCJIENTÉES DE FRAGMENTS INÉDITS, DE NOTES ET DXN INOEX . í ET PKECEDEES D'UNE ETUOE BIOGRAPHIQUE ET LITTÉRAIRE M. JtJLE.S CLlKETie PARIS BIBLIOTHÈQUE-GHARPENTIER EUGÈNE FASQUELLE, ÉDÍTEUR 11, RUE DE GRENELLE, IJ ■V- ♦ ,N- 2 3 4 5 unesp' cm 5 unesp' 9 10 11 12 (EÜVRES DB CAMILLE DESMOÜLINS RECUEILLIES ET PUBLIÉES D'APRÈS LES TEXTES ORIGINÂUX AUGMENTÉES DE FBAGMENTS INÉDITS, DE NOTES ET D'UN INDEX ET PRKGÉDÉES D'UNE ÉTUDE BIOGRAPHIQUE ET LITTÉRAIRE M. JULES CLARETIE TOME PREMIER PARIS BIBLIOTHÈQUE-CHARPENTIEU EUeÈNE FASQUELLE, ÉDITEUR H, RUK DE GRENELLE, 11 1906 Tous droits reserves. cm 5 unesp' 10 11 12 AYERTISSEMENT DES ÉÜITEUBS Le lecteur trouvera, pour Ia première fois, réunis dans Ia presente édition des OEiivres c/e Camille Desmoulins, des travaux qui n'ont pas été réimpri- més depuis le tenips oíi leur auteur les publia. Les divers éditeurs de Desmoulins se sont bornésjusqu'ici à donner Ia France libre, le Discours de Ia Lan- ierne, le Vieux Cordelier et des morceaux choisis de Ia Correspondance de Camille. Nous avons voulu faire mieux, et Tédition que nous présentons au public contient, outre des documents nouveaux, des brochures et des écrits qui n'ont jamais été réunis. Cest ainsi qu'on rencontrera, dans les deux vo- lumes que Yoici, Ia fameuse Ode aux Etats Géné- raiix qui était déclarée rarissime par les chercheurs les plus habiles; des brochures de Camille demeu- récs quasi inédites, entre autres Ia curieuse Récla- niation en faveur du marquis de Saint-IIuruge; le prospectus de Ia Tribune des Patrioíes que Des- moulins rédigea avec Fréron, des fragments de ces Révoiiitions de France et de Brabant, qui sont pcut-être TcEUATe Ia plus étincelante de cet auteur. II AVERTISSEMENT DES ÉDITEURS. mais qui, Irop volumineuses, n'ont pu ôtre qu'a- nalysées ici; un fragment inédit du Vieux Corde- lier sur les ultra et les citrà, et bieri d'autres mor- ceaux dont le metteur en ceuvre fait connaitre rimportmce à mesure qu'il les presente au pubJic, Pour publier cette édition, nous nous sommes adressés à M. Jules Claretie, qui, depuis fort long- temps, s'occupait spécialement de Ia vie et des écrits de Camille Desmoulins, qu'il doit étudier dans une histoire particulière, M. Claretie a, pour notre édi- tion, classe les morceaux, collationné les tcxtes des ouvrages et des lettres de Camille soit sur les éditions premières, soit sur les copies faites sur les origi- naux, soit sur les manuscrits eux-mèmes. Cette édition toute nouvelle des ceuvres d'un litté- rateur révolutionnaire qui fut surtout, comme il le dit lui-môme, uu artiste, a donc un double intérét, au point de ''ue de Thistoire et des lettres. Camille DesmouÜDí; est un écrivain véritable et rare et, à ce titre, il méritait de figurer entre André Chénier et de Pnnge, parmi les auteurs du dix-huitième siècle àort. nous voulons faire revivre les travaux. LES ÉüiTEDHS. CAMILLE DESMOULINS SÂ YIE LITTÉUAIRE 1760-179i Depuis lonpicrnps nous préparons une histnirc complete de Cnmille Desmoulins et du groupe politi- que auquelil appartient. Lapliysionomie parliculière de ]'écrivain et aussi Ics divérs caracteres de cette réunion d'liommesconnusdans rhistoirc sous le nom de daníonistes nous onttoujours vivemcnlsollicité. Je dirai volontiers que c'esl surtout pour les époquos troublées comme celle que nous traversons qu'il ost ]jon de refaire, sur les documents aullientiques, ca deliorsdessóductionsou des accusationsdehilógendo, riiistoire des révolutions precedentes. On y apprend à scmicux dóficrde lous les crimes de Ia force et de toutes les furies de Ia réaction, et à"n'estimerdccidé- ment que Ia liberlé et Ia justice. Camille Desmoulins fut tour à tour un des précur- seurs et une des victimes de Ia Révolution. Après avoir raillé ceuxqui tombaient, ilgémit et tomba àson lieure. Nous ne nous étendrons pas longtemps ici sur son role et sa destinée politique. Nous garderons les discussions de ce genre pour le livre auquel nous tra- I. 1 2 ttíUVRES DE CAMILLE DESMOUr.INS. vaillons dfpiiis ilix ans, Cami/k Disrnim/ins et /cs Dnn- toidstes, livre que noas aclièvcioiis biciiUM, cL noiis noiis en liendrons, pour cclle édilion dcs Ü}'^uüre>i de Caniille, au seul role liüéraire de cet écrivain (l'iia laleril, si rare, d'iin cspril si ('iidalanl (íI si liri, disne fils, en ligne direcle, des graruls riciirs gaiilois, ceux qiii iiiveiilaient Gnrgantua ou Ia Satire yétuppr-e. Ce côlé iiUéraire d'ailleurs noiis sulFil, oi. il iTest pasmaii- A^ais de prouver qu'un écrivain i-ópiililicain sai! aussi avoir le goill, Ia finessc et cetle arisiocratie d'('S|)rit que ric possòdentpas seuls losxVi-islüidiaues do Ia mo- narcliie. II y a aussi une aulrc raison pour laquello nous sommcs lieureux de rééditer les ujiivrcs de cc polé- miste.Cost queCainilleDosmoiilinsrst(ioci'ux(|iii lout aimer les idées qu'ils dcfendeiil. Oii peul liii repio- clier bien dos fauies: il csl lioiniiio ei parlani il apu faiblir; oiípcut Taccuserde légòrelé oi d'inipiMjd('nce'; on peiit, eiiélüdiant sa vie, y coinpiof pliisd'iine licure défailianle, des emporlemenls ifiélli'i-liis,d'iiii|jardon- nablos cruautés de style, des iiilcraiióiancosde plurtie qiii soiil, liélas! aussi lerribles (pie (li's coiiiis de pdi- gnard. Mais on n'y Irouvcra dii íIKIIMS ui uno inal- lioiiiiêlelé, ni une infamio prémóiiiióií : il est de coux dunl on subil Ic chariiio. II rsi de ccs faiilòiiios donl on se dit, quaud on les i'Ciicoii r(! daus Tliis- tcifo : (cCelui-là, jo Teussc aimiM» Di puis loiiglenips, landis qu(! nous plaidons encore (xiur Ia iiióiiKiire de pliis d'iin homme do Ia Révolulioii inaijiigé, caloiii- nié, Cainille Desmoulins a gagiié sa ransi'dovant le public. II apparail, soui'ianl, au bias do sa Lucile, SA VIE LITTlCRAIlíE. 3 ct l'oml)re légèrc de sii fcmnio sYUend protrctrico sur s;i méirioire. Sa vio licnt, dirail-on,dcjà do Ia ir'i;('iidc, ct ses ennemis moines ne peuvciil. sY-mpcM lirr de rcspecter ei de plaindre cct enthousiaslc aii lalcnt ex(|ins, dont les lèvres semhlcnt parfiimées, cdiiime ccUes de Plalon, du iniel do rHymelle, ei dom les veiiies l)allaiciit gaiemenl, pleines du sang géiiéreux de Ia Gaulc. I CaniilleDesmoiilins,onlesait,étaitPicard'. Cesten ])i'oviiicc (|iie sont nós Ia pliipart de ces liornnics dont Paris devait laire ses rcpréscntanls; c'esl Ia province qiii eiivoie ainsi àla Ville sesfils lesplus rcsolusel les plus coiirageux. Nous soniuies lous de notre province ; noiis avons tous, dans ccttc Francc, un coin oü nos promiers pas sont marques, et, dans ce touríjilion parisien, plus d'une fois nous songcons à Ia maison nalale, à Ia riie de Ia ville ou à Ia fermo des cliamps d'oLi nous souimes parlis |)OMr nous fondre dans Ic grand creusoi. De viciilesgens deGuise(Aisne),qui vivaieul encore II ya peu d'anuóes, sesouvenaient des premlères anuécsde Desmoiilins enfant. lis avaient joué avec lui, Irs soirs d'été, devant Ia maison de M. Desmoulins, Io pòrc. 1. Ariníc nCO, 2 mars. Naissance à Guise de Lucie-Cmnille- Simp'ice. Dc.sníDulhiií, flls de .le.in-l!i'noist-Meoias. Iieulrii;irit ;j('[ié- ral aii liailli.'i^'c de (iiiise ei de Madeleine Gnilard,sa feinnie [Xotes dt: rElril civil dr In ville de Guise). — Yci'\iiis (Ai.-ne). Ciiriosilés hislOTiqucs de Ia l'k'ai'dic. i OiUVRES DE CAMIM.E DRSMOtlt.INS. Toiitpelil, Ciimilli! avait déjà co tempciaiíH^ntvivacc et einpurMé de ses compalrioles,de coux que M. Michelet a si bicnappelcsJes fils de XncolériíjuelHcordie. Son pèrc, liciilenant general aubailliage de Guise, jurisconsulle disljngné qui travailla pendant trenlc ans àun dic- tionnairc de jurisprudence, Tavait mis au collógeà Paris. Cette famille de bourgeois honnôles, cullivant au fond du Vermandois les solides verlus qui fontles liommes, plaçait sur Camille son esperance enliòrc. Les frèresellessocurs deTenfant se sacrifiaient volon- tiersàcelui dont les facuilós brillanles promellaient do Ia gloire pour tous. Les uns seraienl soldats, les aulres, les sucurs, se maricraicnl modeslcment; Tune d'eilesseferaitrcligicuse. Luideviendraitavocat. Avo- cat au Parlcment de Paris! Et on faisail, pour paycr Téducation de Camille, deséconoinies qiiolidienncs. On se privait.Cest aucoin du feu,entrele pèrequi tra- vai lie et Ia mère qui songe,c'est dansccs liumbles mai- sonsbourgcoisesoupopulaires,qucgi'anditlepluscora- munément celte rare verlu qui s'appelle le dcvouement. Au collóge Louis-le-Grand (ou il cut Robespierre pour condisciple) Camille étiidiail, dcvorait tout. II se nourrissait dela moclledesforts et des libresécrivains des temps passes. II raisonnail avec Lucrèce, il s'indi- gnait avec Juvenal, il méprisait avec T.icile. II sorlait de cescludes avec Tamour ardcnt d'une liberte dont il devait liâler Ia venue. On m'a conló qu'aux jours de vacanccs, lorsquMl quittait Paris pour aller aux cbamps paternels revoir son coin de terre picarde, il assemhlait les jeunes gens de son àgect, avec sa verve bouiUante, leur parlait de tout cc qu'il voyuil là-bas. SA VIE LITTIÍRAIUE. 5 (lol'agilalion dfs esprits, dii suurd Iravail des génóra- lions (jiii réciaiiiaieiille graiid airlibre. Un joiir, dans UM (liiier, ilavait, se laissaiil cmporler, iiionlanisur Ia lable, f:iil, á Ia slupéfaclion de lous, un vérilable dis- Cüurs sur Uvs droils de l'liomiric, alors mécotinus, et (]iie Ia uatioii allail bienlôl proclamer. Oii rccoiinait déjà, dans cct écolier en vacances, riioninic qiii monlera une fois cncore dans savie sur une lable, mais cetie fois, à Paris, un jour de juillet ei [lour crier : « A Ia Baslillc! » An sorlir du ooliége, Desmoulinsfit son droil. II fut ce jeune homme inconnu qui, pcrdudans ia foule ou là-iiaul, dans sa mansarde, travaille et pense.
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