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Anoda Cristata (L.) Schlechter a New Weed Species in the Egyptian Weed Flora

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Anoda Cristata (L.) Schlechter a New Weed Species in the Egyptian Weed Flora American-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 17 (4): 332-335, 2017 ISSN 1818-6769 © IDOSI Publications, 2017 DOI: 10.5829/idosi.aejaes.2017.332.335 Anoda cristata (L.) Schlechter a New Weed Species in the Egyptian Weed Flora 12O.M.M. Mobarak and S.S.G. El-khanagry 1Weed Research Central Laboratory Agric., Res., Center Giza, Egypt 2Flora and Phytotaxonomy Res., Dep., Hort., Res., Inst., ARC Dokki, Giza, Egypt Abstract: This study was conducted to revise the taxonomic identity of Anoda cristata and clarify specific relationships within genera of family Malvaceae in Egypt. This research proved the morphological characters’ similarity and dissimilarity among the studied genera and adding Anoda critata (L.) Schlechter as a new record to the Egyptian weed flora. Key words: Flora of Egypt Anoda cristata Morphological characters INTRODUCTION governorates, Hassan and Mohamed [10] surveyed the weed of maize field in upper Egypt; Daie and El-Khanagry The new taxon was transferred to Egypt by many [11] studied the weeds in summer oil crops from east to methods. The artificial methods were by (for researches or west Delta; Shaheen et al. [12] surveyed the flora of some special cultivation) combined with the fodder compounds. islands in the Egyptian Nubia; Mohamed [13] studied the The natural transferred of plants were with immigration of flora of Assuit and Sohag governorates, on the other birds and Nile flood …. etc. hand the general survey in different locations in Egypt Family Malvaceae includes some economic species (desert, cultivated lands and water) [14, 15]. The aim of such as Gossypium barbadense L. , Hibiscus cannabinus this research was adding Anoda critata (L.) Schlechter as L. as fibre crops, Malva parviflora L. and Hibiscus a new record to the Egyptian weed flora. esculantus L. for food or ornamental plants as Althea rosa L. and Malva silvestris L. and Abutilon theophrasti MATERIALS AND METHODS Medik and Hibiscus trionum L. as weeds. The Egyptian taxonomists registered many taxa: In this study, plant material was collected from maize, El-Khanagry [1, 2] found 18 new taxa; Boulos [3] added sugarcane, cotton and along canal bank of Experimental about 50 new species to the flora of Egypt. Moreover Farm of Mallawy Agricultural Research Station El-Minia Azer [4] recorded Lemna trisulea L. as a new taxon; Habib Governorate map (1) during summer season of 2014 and [5] studied the genus Triticum in Egypt and found 2015. The first specimen was collected from cotton field in Triticum diccocoides (Koern ex Ascb. Graebn.) 15/9/2014 and maize field in 25/9/2014. The specimen was Aaronsohn. as a new record in Egypt while Mohammed collected and identified by Mobarak according to Arthur and Azer [6] added Prosopus juliflora L.(Sw) Dc. as a new [16] and checked by El-Khanagry depending on Bailey taxon to the flora of Egypt. [17]. Also the specimen is not found in family Malvaceae Many floristics surveyed the weed flora in different in Täckholm [18] and Boulos [19]. On the other hand, the locations in Egypt. El-Amry [7] studied the flora of El- specimen compared with all species belonging to the Minia governorate; Abd El-Ghani [8] surveyed the flora of family Malvaceae in the important Egyptian herbaria Cairo Fayoum governorate and Bahrya Oasis, Abousteit et al. university herbarium (CAI) and Agriculture Museum [9] studied the weeds flora of maize in Qalubia and Giza (CAIM). Corresponding Author: O.M.M. Mobarak, Weed Research Central Laboratory Agric., Res., Center Giza, Egypt. 332 Am-Euras. J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 17 (4): 332-335, 2017 Map 1: Location of Mallawy Agriculture research Station RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Description of genus Anoda Cav.: Annual to perennial herbs, or subshrub. Stem erect, branched, hairy; leaves General Characters of Family Malvaceae: Family alternate, broadest part at base, petiolated and stipuled. Malvaceae includes about 111 genera with 1800 species. Inflorescence axillary, 1-flowered; epicalyx absent; calyx The general characters of this family are: herbs, shrubs or 5 connate at base, petals 5, free, hairy; stamens numerous, trees; usually stellate-hairy; leaves alternate, stipulate, filaments connate below into a tube with one cell anther lobed or divided, usually palmately lobed; flowers usually lobe; ovary manycelled, each cell with 1-ovule; stigma bisexual, actinomorphic, often conspicuous, axillary, capitate. Fruit schizocarp, splitting into 1-mericarp. A solitary or in terminal inflorescences; epicalyx present or genus of 23 species in tropical America. absent; sepals 5, rarely 3 or 4; petals 5, usually connate at Anoda cristata (L.) Schlechter, Linnaea 11:210 (1837). the base and adnate to the staminal column; receptacle Basionym: Sida cristata L. Syn: Anoda lavatrioides short or elongate into a central axis; stamens numerous, Medik. rarely 5, connate into a staminal column, anthers 1-celled; Herbaceous Annual or short lived perennial. Stem ovary superior, of 2-many carpels; placentation axile; style erect or decumbent, up to 2.5 m high, much branched from divided at apex into lobes or stigmas, as many as or twice base and above; branches reddish-green, ascending. the number of carpels; fruits a dehiscent capsule or Leaves green, broadest part at base, lobed (3-7) with schizocarp, rarely a berry; seeds usually hairy. glandular hairs; lamina ovate or deltoid-ovate, 7-10 cm 333 Am-Euras. J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 17 (4): 332-335, 2017 Fig. 1: The specimen kept in CAIM long, 3-9 cm diameter, apex acuminate; base truncate to Mallawy Agric. Res. Station Maize field 25/9/2014 cuneate; midrib and veins reddish; petiole 5-8 cm long, Mallawy Agric. Res. Station Sugarcane field 23/9/2015 hairy or glabrous; stipule lanceolate 1.5-2.5 cm long. Canal bank field 23/9/2015 Flower solitary pedicellate; calyx 0.5- 1.5 cm hairy, connate Mallawy Agric. Res. Station, Canal bank field 23/9/2015 at base; calyx-tube 7 mm, with caudate apex; petals white with tinged lavender; schizocarp fruit with 10-20 Global Distribution: Widely distributed in USA to Chile mericarps; mericarps covered by 2 mm hairs, 1 seeded; and West Indies, India and in Iran [17, 20, 21]. seeds black covered by 2 mm hairs. The basic study of the specie Anoda. depended on the basis morphological characters compared to the Collection: Mallawy Agric. Res. Station cotton field other genera of family Malvaceae in Egypt. Also, 15/9/2014; Mobarak (CAIM) Fig. (1). compared to the different studies by Amry [7], Abd 334 Am-Euras. J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 17 (4): 332-335, 2017 El-Ghani [8], Abousteit et al. [9], Daie and El-Khanagry 10. Hasan, L.M. and M.K. Mohamed, 1992/1993. The [11], El- Shaheen et al. [12], Mohammed [13], Khangry and weed assemblages of maize (Zea mays L.) in Upper Mohamed [14] and Habib et al. [15]. The results confirmed Egypt. Taecholmia, 14: 71-76. that Anoda cristata (L.) Schlechter is a new registerated 11. Daie, M.F.I. and S.S.G. Elkhanagry, 2004. Weed flora species in Egypt. of oil seed crops in the Nile Delta, Egypt. Proc. of first international Conf. on Strategy of Egyptian Herbaria, CONCLUSION March 9-11, 2004 Giza, Egypt, pp: 214-229. 12. Shaheen, A.M., M.G. Sheded, A.I. Hamed and The current taxonomic study based on morphological F.A. Hamada, 2004. Botanical diversity in the flora of characters revealed that Anoda cristata (L.) Schlechter is some islands in the Egyptian Nubia. Proc. of First a new registration to the flora of Egypt and distributed as International Conf. on Strategy of Egyptian Herbaria, a weed in Maize, cotton, sugar cane fields and cannel March 9-11, 2004 Giza, Egypt, pp: 161-182. bank. 13. Mohamed, A.A., 2006. Documentary study of the flora of the Nile region in Assiut and Sohag REFERENCES Governorates. Ph. D. Thesis Fac. of Sci., Cairo Univ., pp: 305. 1. Elkhanagry, S.S.G., 2004. New records of some 14. Elkhanagry, S.S.G. and A.A. Mohamed, 2004. monocotyledonous taxa to the flora of Egypt. Proc. of Revision of distribution of some species of the first international Conf. on Strategy of Egyptian Egyptian flora. Bull. of Fac. Agric., Cairo Univ., Herbaria, March 9-11, 2004 Giza, Egypt, pp: 183-189. 55(3): 841-418. 2. Elkhanagry, S.S.G., 2005. New records of 15. Habib, H.R., S.S. Elkhanagry and A.A. Mohamed, dicotyledonous taxa to the flora of Egypt. Bull. of 2015. New distribution of some species of Egyptian Fac. Agric., Cairo Univ., 56: 89-106. flora. J. Agric. Sci., 23(1): 157-165. 3. Boulos, L., 2009. Flora of Egypt Checklist. Revised 16. Arthur, H., 2011. Flora Novae Angliae. Yale Univ. annotated edition. Al – Hadara Publishing Cairo, Press, pp: 973. Egypt, pp: 410. 17. Bailey, L.H., 1949. Manual of cultivated plants. The 4. Azer, S.A., 2013. Taxonomy revision of genus Lemna Macmillan Company New York, pp: 911. L. Lemnaceae Grey in Egypt. Annals of Agric. Sci., 18. Täckholm, V., 1974. Students’ Flora of Egypt. Second 58(2): 257-263. edition Published by Cairo University, Printed by 5. Habib, H.R., 2013. A revision of the genus Triticum Cooperative Printing Company Beirut, pp: 887. in Egypt. Arab Univ. J. Agric. Sci., 20(1): 93-97. 19. Boulos, L., 2000. Flora of Egypt. vol. II. (Geraniaceae - 6. Mohamed, A.A. and S.A. Azer, 2015. Taxonomic Boraginaceae). Al – Hadara Publishing, Cairo, Egypt, revision of genus Prosopis L. in Egypt. Inter. J. pp: 352. Inviron., 4(1): 13-20. 20. Rahangdale, S.S. and S.R. Rahangdale, 2013. Anoda 7. El-Amry, M.I.A., 1981. Plant life in Minia Province. cristata (L.) Schlecht. (Malvaceae) a new record for Egypt. M. Sc.
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