DOCSLIB.ORG

MCCA Violent Crime Report Comparing Midyear 2021 and 2020

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
MCCA Violent Crime Report Comparing Midyear 2021 and 2020 Major Cities Chiefs Association VIOLENT CRIME SURVEY – NATIONAL TOTALS Midyear Comparison 1 January 1 to June 30, 2021 and 2020 Contact: Laura Cooper, Executive Director (908) 268-2298 | [email protected] United States 66 of 70 Responding Agencies Totals in United States Homicide 2021 4,033 United States 2 2021 2020 Homicide 2020 3,341 Homicide 4,033 3,341 Rape 2021 13,943 Rape 2020 13,823 Rape 13,943 13,823 Robbery 2021 46,013 Robbery 46,013 50,865 Robbery 2020 50,865 Aggravated 128,413 120,301 Assault Agg Assault 2021 128,413 Agg Assault 2020 120,301 - 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000 120,000 140,000 Canada 9 of 9 Responding Agencies Totals in Canada Homicide 2021 112 Canada 3 2021 2020 Homicide 2020 104 Homicide 112 104 Sexual Assault 2021 3,778 Sexual Sexual Assault 2020 3,379 3,778 3,379 Assault Robbery 2021 3,662 Robbery 2020 Robbery 3,662 4,965 4,965 Aggravated Agg Assault 2021 482 482 596 Agg Assault 2020 Assault 596 - 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 Indicates increase from 2020 to 2021. August 5, 2021 1 Major Cities Chiefs Association VIOLENT CRIME SURVEY – AGENCY TOTALS Midyear Comparison 1 January 1 to June 30, 2021 and 2020 Contact: Laura Cooper, Executive Director (908) 268-2298 | [email protected] Aggravated Homicide Rape Robbery United States 2 Assault 2021 2020 2021 2020 2021 2020 2021 2020 Albuquerque NM Police 58 31 262 218 745 690 2,305 2,115 Arlington TX Police 8 14 144 119 121 186 841 670 Atlanta GA Police 70 53 89 49 358 386 1,222 992 Aurora CO Police 14 19 162 125 378 334 1,287 986 Austin TX Police 43 21 270 264 474 541 1,376 1,196 Baltimore City MD Police 4 138 127 171 135 1,140 1,510 2,049 1,967 Baltimore County MD Police 32 18 94 134 310 405 1,225 1,291 Boston MA Police 19 20 90 98 356 471 1,115 1,253 Buffalo NY Police 45 31 18 28 261 296 743 699 Charlotte-Mecklenburg NC 50 51 155 109 698 892 2,818 2,499 Police Chicago IL Police 339 339 755 731 3,259 3,485 8,012 7,449 Cincinnati OH Police 43 51 103 97 284 398 439 419 Cleveland OH Police 85 62 301 229 840 972 1,647 1,342 Columbus OH Police 99 58 327 408 1,006 875 1,397 1,239 Dallas TX Police 102 96 191 260 1,274 1,717 3,940 3,770 DeKalb County GA Police 69 42 79 84 420 459 1,506 731 Denver CO Police 45 40 279 307 591 480 2,176 1,865 Detroit MI Police 158 141 391 322 692 938 5,903 5,014 El Paso TX Police 10 9 117 120 100 172 447 750 Fairfax County VA Police 10 5 29 34 132 159 96 77 Fort Worth TX Police 59 53 300 267 345 461 1,946 1,627 Fresno CA Police 37 19 93 80 460 456 837 736 Honolulu HI Police 14 11 87 112 393 360 559 592 2 Major Cities Chiefs Association VIOLENT CRIME SURVEY – AGENCY TOTALS Midyear Comparison 1 January 1 to June 30, 2021 and 2020 Aggravated Homicide Rape Robbery United States (cont.) 2 Assault 2021 2020 2021 2020 2021 2020 2021 2020 Houston TX Police 231 184 579 668 3,962 4,333 9,579 9,126 Indianapolis IN Metro Police 113 89 229 213 812 1,052 1,255 2,257 Jacksonville FL Sheriff's Dept 62 87 193 216 393 455 1,954 1,809 Kansas City MO Police 75 93 132 120 511 621 1,638 1,933 Las Vegas NV Metro Police 62 38 601 561 652 893 2,630 2,889 Long Beach CA Police 19 21 125 114 356 391 707 543 Los Angeles CA Police 184 143 1,040 1,003 3,858 4,007 9,436 8,600 Louisville KY Metro Police 100 59 119 111 627 566 2,872 2,294 Memphis TN Police 119 108 158 168 892 1,056 3,683 3,163 Mesa AZ Police 18 7 98 79 152 187 562 500 Miami FL Police 28 28 125 123 239 347 453 482 Miami-Dade FL Police 56 47 264 234 310 484 1,882 2,289 Milwaukee WI Police 81 81 255 211 952 790 3,800 3,166 Minneapolis MN Police 42 29 197 236 889 682 1,408 1,307 Montgomery County MD 14 9 157 213 226 164 428 373 Police Nashville TN Metro Police 68 47 248 234 643 806 2,929 2,727 Nassau County NY Police 3 5 93 18 148 168 431 399 New Orleans LA Police 95 74 270 251 293 228 720 509 New York City NY Police 5 92 67 565 623 2,639 3,480 7,291 7,284 Newark NJ Police 28 16 68 66 181 206 583 569 Oakland CA Police 62 34 61 111 1,373 1,218 1,782 1,518 Oklahoma City OK Police 6 27 22 222 224 242 345 1,151 1,216 Omaha NE Police 16 18 184 171 185 214 948 1,092 Orlando FL Police 17 17 106 81 236 280 881 857 Philadelphia PA Police 271 202 409 391 2,085 2,334 4,478 4,071 3 Major Cities Chiefs Association VIOLENT CRIME SURVEY – AGENCY TOTALS Midyear Comparison 1 January 1 to June 30, 2021 and 2020 Aggravated Homicide Rape Robbery United States (cont.) 2 Assault 2021 2020 2021 2020 2021 2020 2021 2020 Phoenix AZ Police 7 58 58 348 364 1,083 1,106 2,759 2,682 Pittsburgh PA Police 12 6 8 12 116 130 223 218 Portland OR Police 45 9 165 162 464 438 1,512 1,125 Prince George's County MD 60 43 122 99 503 395 588 453 Police Raleigh NC Police 14 13 93 79 238 225 500 405 Salt Lake City UT Police 9 5 129 117 195 203 481 408 San Antonio TX Police 74 71 483 634 785 1,140 3,527 3,785 San Diego CA Police 26 27 284 226 538 596 2,049 1,569 San Francisco CA Police 26 22 81 106 1,111 1,260 1,082 1,041 San Jose CA Police 22 15 336 259 571 588 1,351 1,147 Seattle WA Police 22 22 104 149 783 671 1,436 1,194 Suffolk County NY Police 11 9 66 72 91 146 355 312 Tampa FL Police 26 19 50 36 187 148 808 740 Tucson AZ Police 39 27 208 206 512 446 1,068 1,008 Tulsa OK Police 8 30 42 146 177 226 342 1,001 1,651 Virginia Beach VA Police 9 10 44 48 79 65 143 138 Washington DC 94 81 81 81 814 810 756 781 (Metropolitan Police) Wichita KS Police 26 26 190 226 224 206 1,407 1,392 Aggravated Homicide Sexual Assault Robbery Canada 3 Assault 2021 2020 2021 2020 2021 2020 2021 2020 Calgary AB Police 6 16 427 365 444 425 46 62 Edmonton AB Police 18 11 560 487 424 625 171 223 Montreal QC Police 10 10 363 291 288 411 11 13 Ottawa ON Police 8 4 319 288 167 223 24 37 4 Major Cities Chiefs Association VIOLENT CRIME SURVEY – AGENCY TOTALS Midyear Comparison 1 January 1 to June 30, 2021 and 2020 Aggravated Homicide Sexual Assault Robbery Canada (cont.) 3 Assault 2021 2020 2021 2020 2021 2020 2021 2020 Peel ON Regional Police 7 5 307 275 254 370 22 30 Toronto ON Police 32 34 1,187 1,128 967 1,587 109 93 Vancouver BC Police 9 4 51 67 256 276 19 25 Winnipeg MB Police 18 19 320 284 777 916 61 98 York ON Regional Police 4 1 244 194 85 132 19 15 Indicates increase from 2020 to 2021. August 5, 2021 1. Data is preliminary – not a final UCR/NIBRS report. 2. UCR Definitions – United States o Homicide - a.) Murder and nonnegligent manslaughter: the willful (nonnegligent) killing of one human being by another. Deaths caused by negligence, attempts to kill, assaults to kill, suicides, and accidental deaths are excluded. The program classifies justifiable homicides separately and limits the definition to: (1) the killing of a felon by a law enforcement officer in the line of duty; or (2) the killing of a felon, during the commission of a felony, by a private citizen. b.) Manslaughter by negligence: the killing of another person through gross negligence. Deaths of persons due to their own negligence, accidental deaths not resulting from gross negligence, and traffic fatalities are not included in the category Manslaughter by Negligence. o Robbery – The taking or attempting to take anything of value from the care, custody, or control of a person or persons by force or threat of force or violence and/or by putting the victim in fear. o Aggravated assault – An unlawful attack by one person upon another for the purpose of inflicting severe or aggravated bodily injury. This type of assault usually is accompanied by the use of a weapon or by means likely to produce death or great bodily harm. Simple assaults are excluded. o Forcible rape – The carnal knowledge of a female forcibly and against her will. Rapes by force and attempts or assaults to rape, regardless of the age of the victim, are included.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Lifetime Likelihood of Victimization
    U. S. Department of Justice I Bureau of Justice Statistics I Lifetime Likelihood of Victimization by Herbert Koppel people's perception of the meaning of BJS Analyst March 1987 annual rates with respect to their own The Bureau of Justice Statistics lives. If the Earth revolved around the This report provides estimates of the National Crime Survey provides sun in 180 days, all of our annual crime likelihood that a person will become a annual victimization rates based rates would be halved, but we would not victim of crime during his or her life- on counts of the number of crimes be safer. time, or that a household will be vic- reported and not reported to timized during a 20-year period. This police in the United States. These Calculating lifetime victimization rates contrasts with the conventional use of a rates are based on interviews 1-year period in measuring crime and twice a year with about 101,000 For this report, lifetime likelihoods criminal victimization. Most promi- persons in approximately 49,000 of victimization were calculated from nently, the National Crime Survey nationally representative NCS annual victimization rates and life (NCS) surveys a sample of U.S. house- households. Those annual rates, tables published by the National Center holds and publishes annual victimization while of obvious utility to for Health statistics.% The probability rates, and the FBI's Uniform Crime policymakers, researchers, and that a person will be victimized at a Reports (UCR) provide annual rates of statisticians, do not convey to particular age basically depends upon crimes reported to the police.
    [Show full text]
  • Youth Crime Drop Youth DECEMBER 2000 URBAN INSTITUTE Justice Policy Center
    R E P O R T December 2000 URBAN INSTITUTE Justice Policy Center Jeffrey A. Butts research for safer communities Youth Crime Drop DECEMBER 2000 URBAN INSTITUTE Justice Policy Center Youth Crime Drop Summary Researchers debate why violent crime in the United States suddenly dropped in the 1990s, but one fact all researchers endorse is that the overall decline in violent crime probably had much to do with falling rates of youth crime. This brief report from the Justice Policy Center examines the recent crime drop and asks how much of the decrease seen between 1995 and 1999 can be attributed to juveniles (under age 18) and older youth (ages 18 to 24). Using the most recent data from the FBI’s Uniform Crime Reports, the analysis demonstrates that not only did America’s violent crime drop continue through 1999, falling youth crime accounted for most of the overall decline. The Author Jeffrey A. Butts (Ph.D., University of Michigan) is a senior research associate with the Urban Institute’s Justice Policy Center, where he is involved in research and evaluation projects on Published by policies and programs for youthful offenders, including federally funded evaluations of teen Justice Policy Center courts and juvenile drug courts. Prior to joining the Urban Institute in 1997, he was a senior URBAN INSTITUTE research associate at the National Center for Juvenile Justice. 2100 M Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20037 The Urban Institute Copyright Ó 2000 The Urban Institute is a nonprofit policy research organization established in Washington, D.C., in 1968. The Institute's goals are to sharpen thinking about society's problems and efforts to solve them, improve government decisions and their implementation, and increase citizens' Any opinions expressed are awareness about important public choices.
    [Show full text]
  • Police Crime Statistics 2019
    1 The number of the following offences increased: I. General information on police crime statistics II. Crime trends in 2019 – sexual abuse of children by 10.9 % to 13,670 cases (PCS) 1. In general (2018: 12,321 cases) 1. Importance The total number of recorded criminal offences decreased by – computer fraud (sect. 263a PC) by 12.1 % to 100,814 cases Police crime statistics serve to 2.1 % compared to the previous year (2019: 5.436m cases, 2018: (2018: 89,901 cases) 5.556m cases). The total number of recorded criminal offences – dissemination of writings depicting pornography by 51.6 % to – monitor crime and individual types of offences, the size and excluding offences against foreigners’ law decreased by 2.3 % 17,336 cases (2018: 11,435 cases) composition of the circle of suspects and fluctuations in crime compared to the previous year (2019: 5.271m cases, 2018: 5.392m 6. Offences by type as % of total offences (5,436,401 cases) rates, cases). – gather information for law enforcement purposes, for organisa- 2. Clear-up rate (CR) tional planning and decision-making and to The total clear-up rate is 57.5 %/56.2 % (2018: 57.7 %/56.5 %). The offences against theft without – carry out socio-criminological research, criminal police and other offences life aggravating CR for murder and manslaughter is particularly high at 94.0 %, as 19.7% preventive measures. 0.1% circumstances is the case with regard to crimes related to services, especially fare 18.9% 2. Content evasion 98.9 % and social benefits fraud 99.2 %.
    [Show full text]
  • Crime in New York State 2019 Final Data
    December 2020 New York State Crime Report Andrew M. Cuomo Michael C. Green Governor Executive Deputy Commissioner December 2020 Crime in New York State 2019 Final Data New York State and the FBI use seven Index crime categories as indicators of overall crime trends: murder, rape, robbery and aggravated assault, which are classified as violent crimes; and the property crimes of burglary, larceny and motor vehicle theft. The FBI created these categories to allow for uniform crime reporting across all 50 states. This report details 2019 Index crime in New York State, its 62 counties and two regions: New York City and the 57 counties outside of the five boroughs (Rest of State). Police departments and sheriffs’ offices report Index crime to the Division of Criminal Justice Services (DCJS) through the Uniform Crime Reporting and Incident-Based Reporting programs. This report also details Index crime rates per 100,000 population statewide and by county and region. DCJS uses county population data from the FBI, which is based on U.S. Census estimates, to calculate those crime rates. New York State implemented the FBI’s expanded Reported Index crime in New York State declined for the definition of rape in 2015; this resulted in an uptick seventh consecutive year in 2019, with 335,736 Index in violent crime and reported rapes in that year crimes reported. This is the fewest number of crimes when compared to prior years. As a result, caution reported since statewide reporting began in 1975. should be used when citing or interpreting any percentage changes between rapes reported in The historic low in reported Index crime has resulted in 2015 and any subsequent year, to those reported New York’s Index crime rate declining by 25.8 percent in 2014 and earlier.
    [Show full text]
  • Violent Crime in the United States
    U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs Bureau of Justice Statistics Violent Crime in the United States ent victimization, 1973-89 'sons age 12 and older _~_ Assault Robbery Rape 1981 1985 0' 1977 1989 -- & a Itin" Criminal Victimization 1989, October 1990. - Bureau of Justice Statistics Female victims of violent crime, Law enforcement management Drugs & crime data: NCJ-127187,1/91 reports State drug resources: A national directory, Redesign of the National Crime Survey, BJS bulletins and special reports: Police departments In large cities, 1987, NCJ·122582,5/90 (Revised January 19~1) NCJ·111457,3/89 Federal drug data for national policy, NCJ· Th'il seasonality 01 crime vlcllmizallon, NCJ-119220, 8/89 Profile of state and local law enforcement 122715,4/90 Call toll·free 800·732·3277 (local 301- N CJ·l11 033, 6/88 agencies, NCJ·113949, 3/89 Drugs and crime facts, 1989, NCJ·121022, 251-5500) to order BJS reports, to be Crime and older Americans Information package, NCJ-l04569, $10, 5/87 1/90 added to one of the BJS mailing lists, Expenditure and employment or to speak to a reference specialist In Teenage victims, NCJ.l03138, 12186 Victimization and fear of crime: World Computer crime statistics at the Justice Statistics BJS bulletins: perspectives, NCJ·93872, 1/85, $9.15 Justice expenditure and employment: BJS special reports: Clearinghouse, National Criminal The Nallonal Crime Survey: Working papers, 19B8, NCJ-123132, 7190 Electronic fund transfer fraud, NCJ·96666, Justice Reference Service, Box 6000, vol. I: Current and historical perspectives, 1985, NCJ·104460, 3/87 3/85 Rockville, MD 20850.
    [Show full text]
  • Police Crime Statistics 2019
    1 The number of the following offences increased: I. General information on police crime statistics II. Crime trends in 2018 – offences against the Weapons Act by 5.5 % to 40,104 cases (PCS) 1. In general (2017: 38,001 cases) 1. Importance The total number of recorded criminal offences decreased by – drug offences by 6.1 % to 350,662 cases Police crime statistics serve to 3.6 % compared to the previous year (2018: 5.556m cases, 2017: (2017: 330,580 cases) 5.762m cases). The total number of recorded criminal offences – dissemination of writings depicting pornography by 13.6 % to – monitor crime and individual types of offences, the size and excluding offences against foreigners law decreased by 3.4 % 11,435 cases (2017: 10,066 cases) composition of the circle of suspects and fluctuations in crime compared to the previous year (2018: 5.392m cases, 2017: 5.582m 6. Offences by type as % of total offences (5,555,520 cases) rates, cases). – gather information for law enforcement purposes, for organisa- 2. Clear-up rate (CR) tional planning and decision-making and to theft without offences against other offences aggravating life 0.1% 19.5% circumstances – carry out socio-criminological research, criminal police and The total clear-up rate is 57.7 %/56.5 % (2017: 57.1 %/55.7 %). The 19.5% preventive measures. CR for murder and manslaughter is particularly high at 96.1 %, as is the case with regard to crimes related to services, especially fare offences against 2. Content evasion 99.1 % and social benefits fraud 99.2 %.
    [Show full text]
  • Investigating Violent Crime: the Prosecuter's Role
    Investigating Violent Crime: The Prosecuter’s Role Lessons Learned From the Field June 2018 This publication is funded through a cooperative agreement with the Bureau of Justice Assistance, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice. Neither the U.S. Department of Justice nor any of its components operate, control, are responsible for, or necessarily endorse, this publication (including, without limitation, its content, and policies, and any services or tools provided). This project was supported by Grant No. 2016-MU-BX-K005 awarded by the Bureau of Justice Assistance. The Bureau of Justice Assistance is a component of the Department of Justice’s Office of Justice Programs, which also includes the Bureau of Justice Statistics, the National Institute of Justice, the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, the Office for Victims of Crime, and the SMART Office. Points of view or opinions in this document are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. Table of Contents Acknowledgments 1 Introduction 2 Initial Investigation 3 Absolute vs. Qualified Immunity 3 Vertical Prosecution 3 General 3 Examples 3 Prosecutors and the Crime Scene 4 General 4 Prosecutor Crime Scene Training for Police 6 General 6 Examples 6 Legal Advice During the Investigative Stage 6 General 6 Examples 6 Statements From Suspects – Prosecutor Involvement 6 General 6 Examples 7 Witness Cooperation and Intimidation 7 General 7 Examples 8 Confidential Informants 10 Examples
    [Show full text]
  • Violent Crimes in Aid of Racketeering 18 U.S.C. § 1959 a Manual for Federal Prosecutors
    Violent Crimes in Aid of Racketeering 18 U.S.C. § 1959 A Manual for Federal Prosecutors December 2006 Prepared by the Staff of the Organized Crime and Racketeering Section U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, DC 20005 (202) 514-3594 Frank J. Marine, Consultant Douglas E. Crow, Principal Deputy Chief Amy Chang Lee, Assistant Chief Robert C. Dalton Merv Hamburg Gregory C.J. Lisa Melissa Marquez-Oliver David J. Stander Catherine M. Weinstock Cover Design by Linda M. Baer PREFACE This manual is intended to assist federal prosecutors in the preparation and litigation of cases involving the Violent Crimes in Aid of Racketeering Statute, 18 U.S.C. § 1959. Prosecutors are encouraged to contact the Organized Crime and Racketeering Section (OCRS) early in the preparation of their case for advice and assistance. All pleadings alleging a violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1959 including any indictment, information, or criminal complaint, and a prosecution memorandum must be submitted to OCRS for review and approval before being filed with the court. The submission should be approved by the prosecutor’s office before being submitted to OCRS. Due to the volume of submissions received by OCRS, prosecutors should submit the proposal three weeks prior to the date final approval is needed. Prosecutors should contact OCRS regarding the status of the proposed submission before finally scheduling arrests or other time-sensitive actions relating to the submission. Moreover, prosecutors should refrain from finalizing any guilty plea agreement containing a Section 1959 charge until final approval has been obtained from OCRS. The policies and procedures set forth in this manual and elsewhere relating to 18 U.S.C.
    [Show full text]
  • Examining Crime Hotspots in Chicago Using Bayesian Statistics
    Examining Crime Hotspots in Chicago Using Bayesian Statistics Abstract Chicago currently leads the United States with the greatest number of homicides and violent crimes in recent years. Using police data from the City of Chicago’s Data Portal, we examined crime hot spots in Chicago and whether crime rates differ by geographic and demographic information. In general, we found that crime rate in Chicago has decreased between 2010 and 2015, though the rates differed between violent and non-violent crimes. Change in crime rate also varied geographically. We found that for areas with lower white populations, crime decreased as income rose. For areas with larger non-white populations, crime rate increased as income increased 1 1 Introduction Chicago currently leads the United States with the greatest number of homicides and violent crimes in recent years. In 2016, the number of homicides in Chicago increased 58% from the year before (Ford, 2017). Using police data from the City of Chicago’s Data Portal, we examined crime hot spots in Chicago and whether crime rates differ by geographic and demographic information. In this report, we defined hot spots as zipcodes with greater increases, or smaller decreases, in crime rates over time relative to other zipcodes in Chicago. In addition, we examined hot spots for both violent and non-violent crimes. Understanding crime hot spots can prove advantageous to law enforcement as they can better understand crime trends and create crime management strategies accordingly (Law, et al. 2014). A common approach to defining crime hot spots uses crime density. Thus, hot spots by this definition are areas with high crime rates that are also surrounded by other high-crime areas for one time period.
    [Show full text]
  • GUN VIOLENCE in CHICAGO, 2016 GUN VIOLENCE in CHICAGO, 2016 January 2017 University of Chicago Crime Lab1
    GUN VIOLENCE IN CHICAGO, 2016 GUN VIOLENCE IN CHICAGO, 2016 January 2017 University of Chicago Crime Lab1 Acknowledgments: The University of Chicago Crime Lab is a privately-funded, independent, non-partisan academic research center founded in 2008 to help cities identify the most effective and humane ways to control crime and violence, and reduce the harms associated with the administration of criminal justice. We are grateful to the Chicago Police Department for making available the data upon which this report is based, to Ben Hansen for help assembling data on Chicago weather patterns, and to Aaron Chalfin, Philip Cook, Aurélie Ouss, Harold Pollack, and Shari Runner for valuable comments. We thank the Joyce Foundation, the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, the McCormick Foundation, and the Pritzker Foundation for support of the University of Chicago Crime Lab and Urban Labs, as well as Susan and Tom Dunn, and Ira Handler. All opinions and any errors are our own and do not necessarily reflect those of our funders or of any government agencies. 1 This report was produced by Max Kapustin, Jens Ludwig, Marc Punkay, Kimberley Smith, Lauren Speigel, and David Welgus, with the invaluable assistance of Roseanna Ander, Nathan Hess, and Julia Quinn. Please direct any comments and questions to [email protected]. 2 INTRODUCTION A total of 764 people were murdered in Chicago in 2016. They were sons, brothers, and fathers; sisters, daughters, and mothers; they were, as the title of The New York Times reporter Fox Butterfield’s book on urban violence noted,All God’s Children.
    [Show full text]
  • Talking Helps: Information for Victims of Sexual Assault
    Talking Helps: Information for Victims of Sexual Assault Sexual assaults are serious, violent and frightening crimes directed against women, men and children. According to Montana Law, sexual assault occurs when a person knowingly subjects another person to any sexual contact without consent. Sexual assaults disrupt the lives of many people, not only victims but also those who fear becoming victims. Sexual assault creates psychological trauma for victims and those around them, and often limits women's mobility and therefore their freedom. All must share the concern for this crime and efforts to eliminate it. FACTS ABOUT SEXUAL ASSAULT Facts about sexual assault often have not been accurately reported in our society. Most people have grown up with a variety of false beliefs about sexual assault. These beliefs have been handed down from generation to generation through individual interaction, media (movies, TV, magazines and books), religious beliefs and through a lack of education on the subject. It has only been in the last ten years that people started studying sexual assault and finding that most ideas about sexual assault that have existed for centuries are wrong. These false beliefs have many negative effects on the victim in particular. Many sexual assault victims feel shame and guilt because of society's false beliefs and, as a result, only 1/5 to 1/10 seek the help they need or tell anyone what has happened. These false beliefs also result in low conviction rates of offenders. And finally, these false ideas contribute to sexual assault in our society by not recognizing the offender as responsible for his or her behavior.
    [Show full text]
  • Protesters, Extortion, and Coercion: Preventing RICO from Chilling First Amendment Freedoms Brian J
    Notre Dame Law Review Volume 75 | Issue 2 Article 6 12-1-1999 Protesters, Extortion, and Coercion: Preventing RICO from Chilling First Amendment Freedoms Brian J. Murray Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.law.nd.edu/ndlr Recommended Citation Brian J. Murray, Protesters, Extortion, and Coercion: Preventing RICO from Chilling First Amendment Freedoms, 75 Notre Dame L. Rev. 691 (1999). Available at: http://scholarship.law.nd.edu/ndlr/vol75/iss2/6 This Note is brought to you for free and open access by NDLScholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in Notre Dame Law Review by an authorized administrator of NDLScholarship. For more information, please contact [email protected]. NOTE PROTESTERS, EXTORTION, AND COERCION: PREVENTING RICO FROM CHILLING FIRST AMENDMENT FREEDOMS Brian j Murray* The claim that the expressions were intended to exercise a coercive im- pact... does not remove them from the reach of the First Amendment.1 [N]o one really knows a law thoroughly unless he knows what the courts 2 have made of it. I. INTRODUCTION In the tradition of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., Americans who disagree with the practices of others have a Constitutional right to protest. Through such protest they can attempt, with zeal, to per- suade those who engage in such practices to change their ways. Under the jurisprudence of the United States Supreme Court such protest activity does not fall outside of the protection of the First Amendment "simply because it may embarrass others or coerce them into action."3 * Candidate forJuris Doctor, Notre Dame Law School, 2000; B.S., University of Notre Dame, 1997.
    [Show full text]