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Electric Propulsion System Scaling for Asteroid Capture-And-Return Missions
Electric propulsion system scaling for asteroid capture-and-return missions Justin M. Little⇤ and Edgar Y. Choueiri† Electric Propulsion and Plasma Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544 The requirements for an electric propulsion system needed to maximize the return mass of asteroid capture-and-return (ACR) missions are investigated in detail. An analytical model is presented for the mission time and mass balance of an ACR mission based on the propellant requirements of each mission phase. Edelbaum’s approximation is used for the Earth-escape phase. The asteroid rendezvous and return phases of the mission are modeled as a low-thrust optimal control problem with a lunar assist. The numerical solution to this problem is used to derive scaling laws for the propellant requirements based on the maneuver time, asteroid orbit, and propulsion system parameters. Constraining the rendezvous and return phases by the synodic period of the target asteroid, a semi- empirical equation is obtained for the optimum specific impulse and power supply. It was found analytically that the optimum power supply is one such that the mass of the propulsion system and power supply are approximately equal to the total mass of propellant used during the entire mission. Finally, it is shown that ACR missions, in general, are optimized using propulsion systems capable of processing 100 kW – 1 MW of power with specific impulses in the range 5,000 – 10,000 s, and have the potential to return asteroids on the order of 103 104 tons. − Nomenclature -
Ed Spencer 402-510-3276 for Moreinformation
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The Tubesat Launch Vehicle
TubeSat and NEPTUNE 30 Orbital Rocket Programs Personal Satellites Are GO! Interorbital Systems www.interorbital.com About Interorbital Corporation Founded in 1996 by Randa and Roderick Milliron, incorporated in 2001 Located at the Mojave Spaceport in Mojave, California 98.5% owned by R. and R. Milliron 1.5% owned by Eric Gullichsen Initial Starting Technology Pressure-fed liquid rocket engines Initial Mission Low-cost orbital and interplanetary launch vehicle development Facilities 6,000 square-foot research and development facility Two rocket engine test sites at the Mojave Spaceport Expert engineering and manufacturing team Interorbital Systems www.interorbital.com Core Technical Team Roderick Milliron: Chief Designer Lutz Kayser: Primary Technical Consultant Eric Gullichsen: Guidance and Control Gerard Auvray: Telecommunications Engineer Donald P. Bennett: Mechanical Engineer David Silsbee: Electronics Engineer Joel Kegel: Manufacturing/Engineering Tech Jacqueline Wein: Manufacturing/Engineering Tech Reinhold Ziegler: Space-Based Power Systems E. Mark Shusterman,M.D. Medical Life Support Randa Milliron: High-Temperature Composites Interorbital Systems www.interorbital.com Key Hardware Built In-House Propellant Tanks: Combining state-of-the-art composite technology with off-the-shelf aluminum liners Advanced Guidance Hardware and Software Ablative Rocket Engines and Components GPRE 0.5KNFA Rocket Engine Test Manned Space Flight Training Systems Rocket Injectors, Valves Systems, and Other Metal components Interorbital Systems www.interorbital.com Project History Pressure-Fed Rocket Engines GPRE 2.5KLMA Liquid Oxygen/Methanol Engine: Thrust = 2,500 lbs. GPRE 0.5KNFA WFNA/Furfuryl Alcohol (hypergolic): Thrust = 500 lbs. GPRE 0.5KNHXA WFNA/Turpentine (hypergolic): Thrust = 500 lbs. GPRE 3.0KNFA WFNA/Furfuryl Alcohol (hypergolic): Thrust = 3,000 lbs. -
Streng Geheim? Seit 28 Jahren Vorstandsmitglied Des GHK
Von Dr. Ferdinand Stegbauer Streng geheim? seit 28 Jahren Vorstandsmitglied des GHK sen wurde, ist OTRAG mit dem Hauptsitz ab 1981 in Münschen weiter. Die OTRAG Neu-Isenburg, Herzogstraße 61, urkund- wurde 1986 von Gesellschaftern liqui- lich erfasst. diert, wobei die OTRAG-Aktionäre Millio- nenverluste erlitten. Lutz T. Kayser ging OTRAG gründete zunächst das Subun- nach seinem Aufenthalt in Libyen in die ternehmen Stewering-OTRAG und USA, beruhigte die CIA und beteiligte baute einen eigenen Flughafen in Zaire. sich an verschiedenen Raumfahrtfirmen. Es folgte die ORAS (Otrag Range Air Ser- Im Jahr 2007 zog Lutz T. Kayser auf eine vice), die zwei Hawker Siddeley-›Argosy‹- Marshallinsel und starb am 19.11.2017 Transportmaschinen für den Transport auf Bikendrik Island, einer Insel zwischen von Material- und Raketenteilen kaufte. Neueste Quizfrage: »Welche Rakete Neu-Seeland und Hawaii. Ihn erreichte Die beiden Flugzeuge pendelten zwi- trägt den Namen des weltweit ersten pri- kein politisches Gewitter mehr. vaten Raumfahrtunternehmens mit Sitz schen München-Riem und dem von in Neu-Isenburg?« Die richtige Antwort OTRAG errichteten Airport ›Luvua‹ (Flie- Der Regisseur Oliver Schwehm recher- lautet ›OTRAG-Rakete‹! – Hätten Sie’s gercode). Am 17.5.1977 gab es den ers- chierte seit 2014 zu OTRAG, schrieb ein gewusst? – Vermutlich nicht, obwohl ten Start einer OTRAG-Rakete in Zaire, Drehbuch und führte Regie für seinen OTRAG nie geheim war. Natürlich umgab natürlich mit dem Hoheitszeichen von Film ›Fly Rocket Fly‹ unter Einbeziehung sich OTRAG auch mit Geheimnissen, die Zaire. Am 20.5.1978 erfolgte der Start von originalen OTRAG-Filmdokumenten. nach und nach enthüllt wurden. von OTRAG 2 ebenfalls mit dem Hoheits- Ab dem 27.9.2018 lief ›Fly Rocket Fly‹ in zeichen von Zaire. -
Orion Capsule Launch Abort System Analysis
Orion Capsule Launch Abort System Analysis Assignment 2 AE 4802 Spring 2016 – Digital Design and Manufacturing Georgia Institute of Technology Authors: Tyler Scogin Michel Lacerda Jordan Marshall Table of Contents 1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 4 1.1 Mission Profile ............................................................................................................................. 7 1.2 Literature Review ........................................................................................................................ 8 2. Conceptual Design ............................................................................................................................. 13 2.1 Design Process ........................................................................................................................... 13 2.2 Vehicle Performance Characteristics ......................................................................................... 15 2.3 Vehicle/Sub-Component Sizing ................................................................................................. 15 3. Vehicle 3D Model in CATIA ................................................................................................................ 22 3.1 3D Modeling Roles and Responsibilities: .................................................................................. 22 3.2 Design Parameters and Relations:............................................................................................ -
Materials for Liquid Propulsion Systems
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20160008869 2019-08-29T17:47:59+00:00Z CHAPTER 12 Materials for Liquid Propulsion Systems John A. Halchak Consultant, Los Angeles, California James L. Cannon NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama Corey Brown Aerojet-Rocketdyne, West Palm Beach, Florida 12.1 Introduction Earth to orbit launch vehicles are propelled by rocket engines and motors, both liquid and solid. This chapter will discuss liquid engines. The heart of a launch vehicle is its engine. The remainder of the vehicle (with the notable exceptions of the payload and guidance system) is an aero structure to support the propellant tanks which provide the fuel and oxidizer to feed the engine or engines. The basic principle behind a rocket engine is straightforward. The engine is a means to convert potential thermochemical energy of one or more propellants into exhaust jet kinetic energy. Fuel and oxidizer are burned in a combustion chamber where they create hot gases under high pressure. These hot gases are allowed to expand through a nozzle. The molecules of hot gas are first constricted by the throat of the nozzle (de-Laval nozzle) which forces them to accelerate; then as the nozzle flares outwards, they expand and further accelerate. It is the mass of the combustion gases times their velocity, reacting against the walls of the combustion chamber and nozzle, which produce thrust according to Newton’s third law: for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. [1] Solid rocket motors are cheaper to manufacture and offer good values for their cost. -
Orbital Fueling Architectures Leveraging Commercial Launch Vehicles for More Affordable Human Exploration
ORBITAL FUELING ARCHITECTURES LEVERAGING COMMERCIAL LAUNCH VEHICLES FOR MORE AFFORDABLE HUMAN EXPLORATION by DANIEL J TIFFIN Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of: Master of Science Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY January, 2020 CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES We hereby approve the thesis of DANIEL JOSEPH TIFFIN Candidate for the degree of Master of Science*. Committee Chair Paul Barnhart, PhD Committee Member Sunniva Collins, PhD Committee Member Yasuhiro Kamotani, PhD Date of Defense 21 November, 2019 *We also certify that written approval has been obtained for any proprietary material contained therein. 2 Table of Contents List of Tables................................................................................................................... 5 List of Figures ................................................................................................................. 6 List of Abbreviations ....................................................................................................... 8 1. Introduction and Background.................................................................................. 14 1.1 Human Exploration Campaigns ....................................................................... 21 1.1.1. Previous Mars Architectures ..................................................................... 21 1.1.2. Latest Mars Architecture ......................................................................... -
Conceptual Design and Optimization of Hybrid Rockets
University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository Graduate Studies The Vault: Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2021-01-14 Conceptual Design and Optimization of Hybrid Rockets Messinger, Troy Leonard Messinger, T. L. (2021). Conceptual Design and Optimization of Hybrid Rockets (Unpublished master's thesis). University of Calgary, Calgary, AB. http://hdl.handle.net/1880/113011 master thesis University of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission. Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY Conceptual Design and Optimization of Hybrid Rockets by Troy Leonard Messinger A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE GRADUATE PROGRAM IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CALGARY, ALBERTA JANUARY, 2021 © Troy Leonard Messinger 2021 Abstract A framework was developed to perform conceptual multi-disciplinary design parametric and optimization studies of single-stage sub-orbital flight vehicles, and two-stage-to-orbit flight vehicles, that employ hybrid rocket engines as the principal means of propulsion. The framework was written in the Python programming language and incorporates many sub- disciplines to generate vehicle designs, model the relevant physics, and analyze flight perfor- mance. The relative performance (payload fraction capability) of different vehicle masses and feed system/propellant configurations was found. The major findings include conceptually viable pressure-fed and electric pump-fed two-stage-to-orbit configurations taking advan- tage of relatively low combustion pressures in increasing overall performance. -
Interstellar Probe on Space Launch System (Sls)
INTERSTELLAR PROBE ON SPACE LAUNCH SYSTEM (SLS) David Alan Smith SLS Spacecraft/Payload Integration & Evolution (SPIE) NASA-MSFC December 13, 2019 0497 SLS EVOLVABILITY FOUNDATION FOR A GENERATION OF DEEP SPACE EXPLORATION 322 ft. Up to 313ft. 365 ft. 325 ft. 365 ft. 355 ft. Universal Universal Launch Abort System Stage Adapter 5m Class Stage Adapter Orion 8.4m Fairing 8.4m Fairing Fairing Long (Up to 90’) (up to 63’) Short (Up to 63’) Interim Cryogenic Exploration Exploration Exploration Propulsion Stage Upper Stage Upper Stage Upper Stage Launch Vehicle Interstage Interstage Interstage Stage Adapter Core Stage Core Stage Core Stage Solid Solid Evolved Rocket Rocket Boosters Boosters Boosters RS-25 RS-25 Engines Engines SLS Block 1 SLS Block 1 Cargo SLS Block 1B Crew SLS Block 1B Cargo SLS Block 2 Crew SLS Block 2 Cargo > 26 t (57k lbs) > 26 t (57k lbs) 38–41 t (84k-90k lbs) 41-44 t (90k–97k lbs) > 45 t (99k lbs) > 45 t (99k lbs) Payload to TLI/Moon Launch in the late 2020s and early 2030s 0497 IS THIS ROCKET REAL? 0497 SLS BLOCK 1 CONFIGURATION Launch Abort System (LAS) Utah, Alabama, Florida Orion Stage Adapter, California, Alabama Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle RL10 Engine Lockheed Martin, 5 Segment Solid Rocket Aerojet Rocketdyne, Louisiana, KSC Florida Booster (2) Interim Cryogenic Northrop Grumman, Propulsion Stage (ICPS) Utah, KSC Boeing/United Launch Alliance, California, Alabama Launch Vehicle Stage Adapter Teledyne Brown Engineering, California, Alabama Core Stage & Avionics Boeing Louisiana, Alabama RS-25 Engine (4) -
Trade Studies Towards an Australian Indigenous Space Launch System
TRADE STUDIES TOWARDS AN AUSTRALIAN INDIGENOUS SPACE LAUNCH SYSTEM A thesis submitted for the degree of Master of Engineering by Gordon P. Briggs B.Sc. (Hons), M.Sc. (Astron) School of Engineering and Information Technology, University College, University of New South Wales, Australian Defence Force Academy January 2010 Abstract During the project Apollo moon landings of the mid 1970s the United States of America was the pre-eminent space faring nation followed closely by only the USSR. Since that time many other nations have realised the potential of spaceflight not only for immediate financial gain in areas such as communications and earth observation but also in the strategic areas of scientific discovery, industrial development and national prestige. Australia on the other hand has resolutely refused to participate by instituting its own space program. Successive Australian governments have preferred to obtain any required space hardware or services by purchasing off-the-shelf from foreign suppliers. This policy or attitude is a matter of frustration to those sections of the Australian technical community who believe that the nation should be participating in space technology. In particular the provision of an indigenous launch vehicle that would guarantee the nation independent access to the space frontier. It would therefore appear that any launch vehicle development in Australia will be left to non- government organisations to at least define the requirements for such a vehicle and to initiate development of long-lead items for such a project. It is therefore the aim of this thesis to attempt to define some of the requirements for a nascent Australian indigenous launch vehicle system. -
Corporate Profile
2013 : Epsilon Launch Vehicle 2009 : International Space Station 1997 : M-V Launch Vehicle 1955 : The First Launched Pencil Rocket Corporate Profile Looking Ahead to Future Progress IHI Aerospace (IA) is carrying out the development, manufacture, and sales of rocket projectiles, and has been contributing in a big way to the indigenous space development in Japan. We started research on rocket projectiles in 1953. Now we have become a leading comprehensive manufacturer carrying out development and manufacture of rocket projectiles in Japan, and are active in a large number of fields such as rockets for scientific observation, rockets for launching practical satellites, and defense-related systems, etc. In the space science field, we cooperate with the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) to develop and manufacture various types of observational rockets named K (Kappa), L (Lambda), and S (Sounding), and the M (Mu) rockets. With the M rockets, we have contributed to the launch of many scientific satellites. In 2013, efforts resulted in the successful launch of an Epsilon Rocket prototype, a next-generation solid rocket which inherited the 2 technologies of all the aforementioned rockets. In the practical satellite booster rocket field, We cooperates with the JAXA and has responsibilities in the solid propellant field including rocket boosters, upper-stage motors in development of the N, H-I, H-II, and H-IIA H-IIB rockets. We have also achieved excellent results in development of rockets for material experiments and recovery systems, as well as the development of equipment for use in a space environment or experimentation. In the defense field, we have developed and manufactured a variety of rocket systems and rocket motors for guided missiles, playing an important role in Japanese defense. -
Commercial Orbital Transportation Services
National Aeronautics and Space Administration Commercial Orbital Transportation Services A New Era in Spaceflight NASA/SP-2014-617 Commercial Orbital Transportation Services A New Era in Spaceflight On the cover: Background photo: The terminator—the line separating the sunlit side of Earth from the side in darkness—marks the changeover between day and night on the ground. By establishing government-industry partnerships, the Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS) program marked a change from the traditional way NASA had worked. Inset photos, right: The COTS program supported two U.S. companies in their efforts to design and build transportation systems to carry cargo to low-Earth orbit. (Top photo—Credit: SpaceX) SpaceX launched its Falcon 9 rocket on May 22, 2012, from Cape Canaveral, Florida. (Second photo) Three days later, the company successfully completed the mission that sent its Dragon spacecraft to the Station. (Third photo—Credit: NASA/Bill Ingalls) Orbital Sciences Corp. sent its Antares rocket on its test flight on April 21, 2013, from a new launchpad on Virginia’s eastern shore. Later that year, the second Antares lifted off with Orbital’s cargo capsule, (Fourth photo) the Cygnus, that berthed with the ISS on September 29, 2013. Both companies successfully proved the capability to deliver cargo to the International Space Station by U.S. commercial companies and began a new era of spaceflight. ISS photo, center left: Benefiting from the success of the partnerships is the International Space Station, pictured as seen by the last Space Shuttle crew that visited the orbiting laboratory (July 19, 2011). More photos of the ISS are featured on the first pages of each chapter.