(2006) Understanding South Asian Residential Preferences in Glasgow: Neighbourhood Attachment and Suburbanisation
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McGarrigle, Jennifer Leigh (2006) Understanding South Asian residential preferences in Glasgow: neighbourhood attachment and suburbanisation. PhD thesis. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2321/ Copyright and moral rights for this thesis are retained by the author A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Glasgow Theses Service http://theses.gla.ac.uk/ [email protected] Understanding South Asian Residential Preferences in Glasgow: Neighbourhood Attachment and Suburbanisation JENNIFER LEIGH MCGARRIGLE THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of Urban Studies Faculty of Social Sciences University of Glasgow November 2006 Abstract This thesis is a study of the residential preferences, patterns and mobility of South Asian homeowners in Glasgow. Ethnic concentration and the nature of segregation have been heralded as a problematic aspect oftoday's European city. Despite the mass migration of the majority population to the suburbs minority ethnic groups have maintained their position in deprived urban areas, usually in core settlement areas in the inner city. More recently, however, there is evidence of a small-scale migration of minority groups to the suburbs, about which we know less. Although, much has been written about the housing conditions and segregation of minority ethnic groups, less has been written about their housing careers, residential mobility, and preferences. This thesis attempts to address these limitations in our knowledge and to enhance our understanding of the residential location and preferences of South Asian households. To fully explore these objectives the research adopts a triangulated approach; combining a quantitative study using census data of both the residential location and concentration of South Asian groups in the study area and in-depth interviews with migrating South Asian households. The major findings of the research show that over the past ten years Greater Glasgow has seen changes in the residential location of its South Asian popUlation; the results of the census analysis detail the maintenance of both residential differentiation and continued concentration in the inner city as well as evidence of dispersal to traditionally white suburban areas, areas adjacent to the core and in-between areas. The processes underlying these changes are shown to be dynamic and complex, encompassing elements of choice and constraint and reflecting negotiated choices. Cultural expectations, religious observance, financial constraint and limited housing options interact with choice in sustaining ethnic clustering in the inner-city. On the other hand we see the spatial ramifications of changing cultural practises, social aspirations and economic opportunity for a selected group of movers. Although ethnicity and religion playa continuing role in shaping the residential choices of the South Asians interviewed, these factors were not independent but interacted with individual/personal factors, class, economic status, gender, age, family issues and the dynamic nature of culture in determining locational needs and preferences. The South Asian population is shown to be differentiated from within. This suggests that the idea of a coherent 'Asian community' obscures differences and generates assumptions regarding residential behaviour and 'in-group' identities not matched in the empirical data presented here. Acknowledgements First thanks are due to Professor Ade Keams, my supervisor, for his enthusiasm, inspiration, support and expert advice throughout my studies. I had the privilege of a second supervisor, Dr Rowland Atkinson. I would like to thank him for his insight, generosity and kind support. Special thanks are also due to Suzie and Louisa for their warm hospitality. I wish to thank my supervisor in the Scottish Executive, Dr Laura Turney, for her kind ear and words of encouragement. Special thanks are due to Tanja Tonjes for her friendship and daily encouragement. She also made my flat in Glasgow home. For her support, friendship and other fine things I wish to thank Mhairi Taylor. Special thanks are due to April for her friendship. I would like to thank the other doctoral students, especially Carlos and Nafoumi, and the staff in the Department of Urban Studies for their friendship and kindness. I want also to thank Sandra, my sister, for her many trips to see me and both her and Stephen for their support and encouragement while I was in Glasgow. I would like to thank my grandparents for their support and Nanny McGrath for her late night conversations and friendship. Most of all, however, I would like to thank my grandfather for the inspiration he left as a legacy. My thanks also go to Dr Gil at Radio Rhamadam, for introducing me to his friends at the mosque and for showing me kind hospitality. Deepest gratitude goes to the wonderful people who I interviewed. They shared part of their lives with me and many their homes, showing wonderful hospitality and sharing good cooking and fantastic stories. To my dearest friend Marcia Gibson are due all the thanks in the world. The deepest thanks of all go to my husband, Joaquim, for his constant and steady support, encouragement and belief in me. I dedicate this thesis to my dearest parents and thank them for everything. Table of Contents List of Figures .............................................................................................. i List of Tables ............................................................................................... ii 1. Introduction .............................................................................................. 1 2. Processes of Settlement: Residential Segregation and Ethnic Clustering .................................................................................................. 11 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 11 Spatial Segregation: Defining the Concepts ............................................................... 12 Early Processes of Settlement: Changing Patterns and Practices ............................... 16 The Minority Population in Britain ............................................................................ 24 Competing Explanations for Segregation ................................................................... 29 Politicisation of Segregation since 2000 in the UK.................................................... 36 Conclusion .................................................................................................................. 46 3. Urban Migration, Residential Mobility and Suburbanisation ......... 47 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 47 Defining the Suburbs .................................................................................................. 48 A Brief Overview of the Growth of the Suburb in Britain ......................................... 52 The Social Life of the Suburbs ................................................................................... 53 'Why people move' .................................................................................................... 56 Conclusion .................................................................................................................. 60 4. Methodology .......................................................................................... 62 Introduction: Research Aims and Objectives ............................................................. 62 A Triangulated Approach ........................................................................................... 67 Stage One: Quantitative Study of the Glasgow Metropolitan Area ........................... 69 Stage Two- Qualitative Phase .................................................................................... 81 Conclusion ................................................................................................................ 101 5. Through the National Lens to the City: The Housing Position and Experiences of South Asians in Scotland and Glasgow ...................... 103 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 103 South Asians in Scotland and Glasgow .................................................................... 104 Minority Ethnic Populations in Scotland ................................................................. 105 The Minority Ethnic Population in Glasgow ............................................................ 112 Housing Conditions .................................................................................................. 117 Tenure Patterns in Glasgow ...................................................................................... 119 Housing Purchase and Finance ................................................................................. 130 Housing Need, Preference and Location .................................................................