A Tour of the Solar System

Home , Callirrhoe (moon), Carme (moon), Carpo (moon), Kale (moon), Leda (moon), Megaclite

A tour of the solar system

© 2014 Brilliant Classes by Piyush • The Solar System is made up of the Sun and all the planets, asteroids, and other objects that orbit the Sun. • The center of the Solar System is the Sun. • There are nine planets in our Solar System. Starting with the closest to the sun they are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto.

• The furthest four planets Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are called gas giants.

• These planets are much larger and their surface is composed of gas elements mostly hydrogen.

© 2014 Brilliant Classes by Piyush Sun • It is estimated to be 4.5 billion years old. • 99.86% of all the mass of the solar system is found in the Sun. • The temperature of core of the Sun is 16 million °C. • The temperature of the surface of the Sun is 7000° C. • The sun is the biggest, brightest, and hottest object in the solar system. • The sun is an ordinary star. • The sun is made of about 70% hydrogen and 28% helium.

© 2014 Brilliant Classes by Piyush Mercury • 1st planet out from the sun. • Mercury is solid and is covered with craters. • Mercury has almost no atmosphere. • Mercury is the eighth largest planet. • Density of mercury is 5.43 g/cm3 . • Temperatures of mercury is High: 467 °C on the sunny side of the planet. Low: -183 °C on the dark side of the planet.

© 2014 Brilliant Classes by Piyush Venus • Venus is the sixth largest planet. It’s about three- fourths the size of earth. • The surface is rocky and very hot. The atmosphere completely hides the surface and traps the heat. • 2nd planet out from the sun. • It is covered by thick, rapidly spinning clouds. Due to its thick cloud layer reflecting sunlight, it is the brightest planet in the sky. • Temperature of the Venus is 450 °C. It’s hotter than Mercury due to the greenhouse effect. © 2014 Brilliant Classes by Piyush Venus

© 2014 Brilliant Classes by Piyush Earth • Earth is the fifth largest planet and the third from the sun. • Liquid covers 71 percent of the Earth’s surface. • The Earth has one moon. • Size of Earth is 40,000km (24,8000miles) around at the equator. • General composition of Earth is Rocky material. It has a nickel-iron core with a molten mantle and solid rocky crust. • Atmosphere is made up of Mostly oxygen (21%) and nitrogen (78%). Some argon, carbon dioxide, and

© 2014 Brilliant Classes by Piyush Mars • Mars is the fourth planet from the sun. • Mars has a thin atmosphere that contains mostly carbon dioxide. • Mars has two small moons. • Mars appears red due to the iron oxide in its soil. It has polar ice caps that grow and recede with the seasons, and it has dust storms, which cause giant dunes, wind streaks, and wind-carved features. • Temperature of Mars is -87 °C to -5 °C.

© 2014 Brilliant Classes by Piyush Jupiter • 5th planet out from the sun. • The Great Red Spot, a huge storm of swirling gas that has lasted for hundreds of years. • Jupiter does not have a solid surface. The planet is a ball of liquid surrounded by gas. • It is sometimes called a “mini-solar system” because of its numerous moons and several rings. • Jupiter Size is 1316 times the volume of the Earth. It is the planet with the highest gravity in the solar system.

© 2014 Brilliant Classes by Piyush Moons of Jupiter 1. Io 17. Callirrhoe 33. Euanthe 49. Kore 2. Europa 18. Themisto 34. Euporie 50. S/2003 J2 3. Ganymede 19. Megaclite 35. Orthosie 51. S/2003 J3 4. Callisto 20. Taygete 36. Sponde 52. S/2003 J4 5. Amalthea 21. Chaldene 37. Kale 53. S/2000 J11 6. Himalia 22. Harpalyke 38. Pasithee 54. S/2000 J5 7. Elara 23. Kalyke 39. Hegemone 55. S/2003 J9 8. Pasiphae 24. Iocaste 40. Mneme 56. S/2003 J10 9. Sinope 25. Erinome 41. Aoede 57. S/2003 J12 10. Lysithea 26. Isonoe 42. Thelxinoe 58. S/2003 J15 11. Carme 27. Praxidike 43. Arche 59. S/2003 J16 12. Ananke 28. Autonoe 44. Kallichore 60. S/2003 J17 13. Leda 29. Thyone 45. Helike 61. S/2003 J18 14. Thebe 30. Hermippe 46. Carpo 62. S/2003 J19 15. Adrastea 31. Aitne 47. Eukelade 63. S/2003 J23 16. Metis 32. Eurydome 48. Cyllene © 2014 Brilliant Classes by Piyush Saturn • Saturn is the second largest planet and the sixth from the sun. • Saturn is made of materials that are lighter than water. • It is a Gas giant, meaning it is mostly made of the gases hydrogen and helium. • Saturn size is 755 times the volume of the Earth. • Saturn has 60 Moons. • Temperature of Saturn is -139 °C. • Saturn’s rings are not solid; they are composed of small countless particles.

© 2014 Brilliant Classes by Piyush Uranus • Uranus is the third largest planet and the seventh from the sun. • Uranus is one of the giant gas planets. it is mostly made of the gases hydrogen and helium, with a small amount of methane and traces of water and ammonia. It has no solid surface. • Uranus is blue-green because of the methane in its atmosphere. • Temperature of Uranus is -197 °C. • Uranus has 27 Moons.

© 2014 Brilliant Classes by Piyush Neptune • Neptune is the fourth largest planet and the eighth from the sun. • Because of the orbits, from 1979 to 1999, Neptune was the ninth planet. • Like Uranus, the methane gives its color to Neptune. • Neptune has 13 Moons. • Temperature of Neptune is -200 °C . • Size of Neptune is 44 times the volume of the Earth.

© 2014 Brilliant Classes by Piyush Pluto • Pluto is the smallest planet and usually the farthest from the sun. • Pluto is the only planet that has not been visited by a spacecraft. • It appears like a large frozen ball of ice. • Size of Pluto is 0.005 the volume of the Earth. It is the planet with the lowest gravity in the solar system. • Temperature of Pluto is -233 °C . • Pluto has 3 Moons.

• Dwarf planets • Comets • Asteroid belt • Kuiper belt • Oort cloud

© 2014 Brilliant Classes by Piyush Dwarf planets • Dwarf planets are objects similar to planets in the Solar System, however they are defined as not large enough to have "cleared their orbital region of other objects.“

• Some of the dwarf planets in the Solar System include Pluto, Ceres, Eris, Haumea, and Makemake.

© 2014 Brilliant Classes by Piyush Comets • Comets are objects made of ice, dust, and rocks that orbit the sun. • They often have a visible "tail" of gas that comes from solar radiation and solar wind. • Comets originate from the Kuiper belt and the Oort cloud. • It is composed of a mixture of non-volatile grains and frozen gases.

• The asteroid belt is a region between the planets Mars and Jupiter. • In this region thousands of rocky objects orbit the Sun. • They range in size from tiny dust like particles to the dwarf planet Ceres. • They are too small to considered planets but are sometimes called planetoids.

• The Kuiper belt is a region of thousands of small bodies that exists outside the orbit of the planets. • Objects in the Kuiper belt consist of "ices" such as ammonia, water, and methane.

© 2014 Brilliant Classes by Piyush Oort cloud • The Oort cloud exists much further out than the Kuiper belt. • Around a thousand times as far away from the Sun. • Up to now scientists have only guessed at the existence of the Oort cloud which they think consists of thousands of small ice objects. • The Oort cloud is at the very edge of the Solar System.

• The Solar System is part of a bigger grouping of stars called a galaxy. • Our galaxy is the Milky Way. • The Solar System orbits around the center of the Milky Way. • Scientists estimate there are around 200 billion stars in the Milky Way galaxy.

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