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The Potted History of South-Africa

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The Potted History of South-Africa History of South Africa The potted history of South-Africa lundi 18 juin 2012 1488 Arrival of the Portuguese The portuguese ships , led by Bartolomeu Diaz reached the Cape of Storms It later became the Cape of Good Hope. He put into the port of Mossel bay(200kms at the east of the Cape) where he meets the Khoisans. This story is well told by the museum of Mossel Bay. lundi 18 juin 2012 1497 Always the Portuguese but they only are passing Expedition of Vasco de Gama to India around the Cape of Good Hope, Follows the coast of Natal, and at Christmas put into Port Natal ( présent day Durban) lundi 18 juin 2012 1500-1650, Waiting for the Boers The Khoisans(Khoikhois + Bochimans) were the first known inhabitants of South-Africa(-40000). About in 500, Bantous reach the actual province of Kwazulunatal. In the 10th century, the Xhosas, of bantu origin, settled in the Transkei. The first English and Dutch expeditions on their way of India put into the port of Cape of Good Hope. 1602 Creation of the Dutch company for Eastern India(VOC), whose principal activity is the spice trade. Its fleet includes 150 trade ships and 40 war ships. lundi 18 juin 2012 1652 Arrival of the Dutch April the sixth, Jan van Riebeeck lands at Capetown, at the foot of the Table Mountain. He comes to cultivate land and supply with fresh products (water,fruits, vegetables , meat…) the ships of the April the sixth, Jan van Riebeeck lands at Capetown, at the foot Company.The vitamins contained in these products are to fight the « scurvy » which decimates the crews of the ships. of the Table Mountain. He comes to cultivate land and supply with fresh products (water,fruits, vegetables , meat…) the ships of the Company.The vitamins contained in these products are to fight the « scurvy » which decimates the crews of the ships. This event will have an considérable historic conséquence, the boers installed with Calvin’s ideas(1509-1564), supported by Guillaume d’ Orange. God has expressly chosen certain people to govern over all his creation. First contingents of slaves arrive in Capetown, coming from Indonesia, Madagascar and India. 1679 Foundation of the town of Stellenbosch, near Capetown. lundi 18 juin 2012 1688 Arrival of french Huguenots Arrival of 175 french huguenots after the revocation of the Nantes’edict by Louis XIV , king of France. They became boer people and they plant the first vineyards in South-Africa. With the 800 citizens of the trading post, they,found Franschhoek ( the french corner). The population is composed of 25,000 colonists( Dutch, Germans and French Huguenots) and 25,000 slaves. lundi 18 juin 2012 About 1800 the British seizure 1779 Skirmishes between colonists and Xhosas. Nine « kaffir »wars will follow. In 1793, France declares the war on Holland and Great-Britain. They invade Holland. The Dutch East India Company VOC declares bankruptcy in 1795.The English want to prevent France from taking over the Cape because they desire an interim port towards India and Australia. Capetown becomes Dutch again in 1803. 1806 England annexes the Cape colony. English become the compulsory language, the boers speak Afrikaans.In 1814,official transfer of the Cape to the British by the Dutch. lundi 18 juin 2012 Beginning of the XIXth century The british colonisation Shaka founds the Zulu kingdom.Murder of the Zulu king Shaka by his brother Dingane in 1828. 1820 Arrival of 5,000 English colonists. These craftsmen and former soldiers settle in Zuurveld, a place located to the North of Capetown. In 1833, abolition of slavery in the all British territories. 1823 British merchants found an establishment named Port-Natal ( becomes Durban in 1835), in memory of Benjamin d’Urban, governor of Cape Town. lundi 18 juin 2012 1835 The Grand Trek Since 1822, the Government of the Cape adopts a series of measures, unfavourable to the Boers.From 1834 to 1839, more than 16,000 boers undertake a big migration toward empty regions in the north and east. That migration forged the mythology of the Afrikaners : they are the elected nation, the white tribe searching for their promised land. They don’t know the genocides carried out by the Zulus, who return then to Natal province On 15 October 1836, 10,000 Ndebele warriors attack the boer Hendrik Potgieter’s column.This day, the huguenot Piet Retief was elected as president of the Voortrekker’s Republic, in Potschefstroom, but the living conditions are very hard and they decide to go down to Natal. lundi 18 juin 2012 1838 The Republic of Natalia In October 1837, the boers reach Durban. In 1838,Piet Retief negotiates with the Zulu king Dingane, but the delegation is slaughtered. The general Andries Pretorius, with 500 boers crush the 10,000 Zulus.The battle leaves 3,000 dead at the Buffalo River( there after named Blood River). The Boers recognize Mpande, Dingane’s half-brother as Zulu king. He gives half of the Natal to them. The Boers proclaim the Natalia Republic with Pietermaritzburg as capital. The English send an expeditionary force to Natal in 1842 and then annex the région on 12 May 1843. lundi 18 juin 2012 1850 The republics of Transvaal and Orange The boers leave Natalia,cross the Drakensberg mountain and found the free Orange Republic ,and later the Transvaal Republic. London recognizes the South African Transvaal Republic in 1852 And then the Orange free State in 1854. These nations recognize no equality between the whites and the natives. In 1860, installation in Natal of the first Indian workers in the sugar-cane industry. lundi 18 juin 2012 1867 Discovery of diamonds in Kimberley Discovery of diamonds in lands belonging to the family De Beers. The place was named Kimberley, in the centre of South-Africa, to the North-East of Capetown. In 1870,the English man Cecil John Rhodes lands in Durban to join his brother Herbert. In 1871, he becomes partner of the De Beers. His company become a state within the state, it will give birth to Rhodesia (Zimbabwe). lundi 18 juin 2012 1879 Death of the son of Napoleon III The imperial Prince Louis Napoléon, son of Napoléon III, the former French Emperor till 1870. He enlists in the british army but is killed at Uqweqwe to the east of Dundee ( 200kms north of Durban)in a memorable defeat against the Zulus. He is buried in Farnborough along with his father, and later his mother.The Empress Eugénie came in pilgrimage to the site from Durban in 1880. The British won the war and the great Zulu kingdom is divided into 13 little kingdoms lundi 18 juin 2012 1881 Discovery of gold in Johannesburg Discovery of gold in Witwatersrand by George Harrison. Creation of Johannesburg ( 80,000 citizens 10 years later). The great beneficiaries of that discovery will be the Boers of the Transvaal. First English-Boer war , won by the Afrikaners, with the material support of Germany and France. lundi 18 juin 2012 1882-1902 Kruger and Rhodes at the controls The boer leader Paul Kruger become the first président of the Transvaal Republic in 1882. He will remain president till his death in 1904. Cecil Rhodes becomes prime minister of the Cape Colony in 1890. Cecil Rhodes resigns his office of prime minister in 1896.Death of Cecil Rhodes near the Cape in 1902. He is buried in Southern Rhodesia. Death of Paul Kruger in Switzerland, in Clarens in 1904.. He was buried in Pretoria,in the Heroes Acre cemetery. lundi 18 juin 2012 1899-1902 The Boers war Second boer War ( Boer-English). The Boers won the first battles but they can’t match the power of the British Empire, at its peak. In June 1900, the English general Kitchener occupies Bloemfontein, capital of the Orange Free state, and also Pretoria, capital of the Transvaal. 28,000 boers and 14,000 black refugees will die in the concentration camps, created by the British. Paul Kruger goes to Europe to find support but in vain. The Vereeniging treaty puts an end to the Boer war. The Imperialist Party wins the war but loses power in Great-Britain. The liberals win the elections in 1906 and decide to create the South-African Union. lundi 18 juin 2012 1910 Foundation of South-Africa Foundation of the Dominion of South-Africa joining the Cape colony, Natal,the Transvaal and the Orange Free State. The South African Act establishes a parliamentary democracy. Till 1948, all the prime ministers will be Boer generals : Louis Botha(1910-1919), Albert Hertzog (1924-1939) and Jan Smuts(1919-1924,1939-1948) The country enters into the Commonwealth. Till the arrival of Nelson Mandela to power, the political power will be Afrikaner,but the british capitalists will keep the economic power. lundi 18 juin 2012 1910-1920 In Bloemfountein, Pixley Seme creates a movment for the defence of the black people : the African National Congress ( ANC ) with the help of Gandhi ( present in South-africa from 1893 to 1914). South-Africa takes part in the first world war as a member of the British Empire. 1918 In Johannesburg foundation by Henning Klopper of the Afrikaner Broederbond secret society with the aim of the political, social,and economic promotion of the Afrikaners. Birth of Nelson Mandela ( from the Xhosa ethnic group) on 18 July 1918 in Mvezo. When he was 2 years old he was going to live in Qunu, near Umtata(200kms SW from Durban) lundi 18 juin 2012 1934 Creation of Purified National Party Daniel François Malan ( descendant of French Huguenot) creates the Purified National Party.
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