DOCSLIB.ORG

Beyers Naudé 1915-1963: Die Vorming Van `N Dissidente Afrikaner

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Beyers Naudé 1915-1963: Die Vorming Van `N Dissidente Afrikaner Beyers Naudé 1915-1963: Die Vorming van `n Dissidente Afrikaner deur Ruhan Fourie Proefskrif ingelewer vir die graad MA in Geskiedenis in die Fakulteit Geesteswetenskap aan die Universiteit van Stellenbosch Studieleier: Prof. Albert Grundlingh March 2018 Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za VERKLARING Deur hierdie opstel in te lewer, verklaar ek, Ruhan Fourie, dat die geheel van die werk hiervan vervat, my eie, oorspronklike werk; dat ek die outeursreg eienaar daarvan is – behalwe tot die mate uitdruklik anders aangedui – en dat ek dit nie vantevore, in die geheel of gedeeltelik, ter verkryging van enige kwalifikasie aangebied het nie. _____________________ R. Fourie Datum: Maart 2018 Maart 2018 Kopiereg © 2018 Universiteit Stellenbosch Alle regte voorbehou Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za OPSOMMING Beyers Naudé is bekend vir sy anti-apartheid teologie en aktivisme vanaf die 1960s. Tog voor die periode van sy aktivisme was hy `n dominee in die NG Kerk, lid van die Afrikaner Broederbond, en vir lank voorstander van die beleid van apartheid. Sy diep gewortelheid in die Afrikaner-establishment het hom `n unieke plek besorg in die stryd teen apartheid. Hierdie studie poog juis om hierdie paradoks van Afrikaner en struggle-held te ontleed deur `n in-diepte biografiese werk wat die vormingsjare van Beyers Naudé ondersoek. Sodoende word vasgestel hoe hy tot die punt gekom het om in 1963 die Afrikaner-establishment te verlaat. Daar bestaan reeds genoegsame literatuur oor Naudé se struggle-jare na 1963, waarvan teologiese studies `n groot meerderheid vorm. Hierdie sekulêre studie fokus juis op die opbou tot Naudé se wegbreek wat strek van sy geboorte in 1915 tot sy laaste preek as NG-dominee in 1963. Deur gebruik te maak van verskeie argivale bronne, asook met die bestaande literatuur oor Naudé, word sy roete noukeurig gevolg deur sy kinderjare (1915-1931), studentejare (1932-1939), vorming as Afrikaner-dominee (1940-1954), en uiteindelik hoe hy van dominee na dissident ontvorm het (1955-1963). Hierdeur word ook gekyk na dimensies van sy vroeë lewe wat nie noodwendig polities van aard is nie, om sodoende `n meer volronde beeld van `n ‘jong’ Beyers te skep. Uit hierdie studie word dit duidelik dat `n reeks uitwaartse bewegings buite die Afrikaner-establishment hom tot nuwe insigte gebring het oor sy eie oortuiging, sy mense, en onreg. Daar het verandering oor tyd plaasgevind met sekere merkers wat hom tot verdere oortuiging gebring het om `n nuwe rigting in te slaan deur die Afrikaner-establishment in 1963 te verlaat. Sleutelterme: Beyers Naudé, Afrikaner Broederbond, Afrikaner nasionalisme, NG Kerk, Afrikaner-dissidentskap. Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za ABSTRACT Beyers Naudé is known for his anti-apartheid theology and activism from the 1960s onwards. Yet, before this activism, he was a minister in die Dutch Reformed Church, member of the Afrikaner Broederbond, and longtime proponent of the policy of apartheid. His deep- rootedness in the Afrikaner-establishment gave him a unique position in the struggle against apartheid. This studie attempts to analise this paradoks of Afrikaner and struggle-hero through an in-depth biographical work that investigates the formative years of Beyers Naudé. Thereby it is established how Naudé came to the point where he left the Afrikaner-establishment in 1963. There is a whole corpus of literature about Naudés` struggle years after 1963, most being theological studies. However, this secular studie focuses on the build-up to Naudés` break- away, which starts at his birth in 1915 and goes up until his last sermon as a DRC-minister in 1963. By utilising a range of archival sources, in conjunction with existing literature on Naudé, his route will carefully be traced through his childhood years (1915-1931), student years (1932- 1939), formation as Afrikaner-minister (1940-1954), and eventually how he unmolded from minister to dissident (1955-1963). Dimensions of his earlier life, which was not necessarily political in nature, is examined, and by doing so a more well-rounded image of a ‘young’ Beyer is attempted. From this study it becomes clear that a series of outward-movements beyond of the Afrikaner-establishment brought Naudé to new insights about his convictions, his people, and justice. Change took place over time with certain markers which moved him to a deeper conviction to take a new direction by leaving the Afrikaner-establishment in 1963. Keywords: Beyers Naudé, Afrikaner Broederbond, Afrikaner-nationalism, DRC, Afrikaner dissidence. Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za ERKENNINGS Ek wil graag hier gebruik maak van die geleentheid om die persone wat hierdie studie vir my moontlik en makliker gemaak het oor die afgelope twee jaar. Die ongesiene helde wat in ons argiewe werk, kry selde regverdige erkenning. Ek wil graag hier spesifiek my dankbaarheid uitspreek teenoor Isabel Murray van die NG Kerk Argief, Karlien Breedt van die US Argief, en Marita Snyman van die Beyers Naudé Sentrum vir Publiek Teologie sonder wie my navorsing `n aansienlike opdraande pad sou wees. Die geleentheid en strukture wat die Departement Geskiedenis van die US aan my gebied het om hierdie studie te voltooi, het hierdie twee jaar `n plesier gemaak. My studieleier, Professor Grundlingh, se leiding en wysheid oor die afgelope twee jaar was van onskatbare waarde. Dit was `n voorreg om met `n persoon met die gravitas van Prof. Grundlingh te gesels oor die historiese werkinge van Afrikaner-kultuur. Ek bedank ook Leschelle Morkel en Melvyn Daniels vir hul deurlopende administratiewe hulp. My mede-geskiedenis studente, Theo, Ashrick, Monique, Cailin, en Suné wat die pad makliker gemaak het deur saam te sukkel, baie dankie. Dankie ook aan Esté Kotze vir haar hulp met die versorging van die dokument. Ook `n woord van dank aan die Universiteit Stellenbosch en die Suid-Afrikaanse Akademie vir Wetenskap en Kuns vir die finansiële steun waarsonder hierdie studie nie sou kon plaasvind nie. `n Groot dankie aan my ma, Veronica Fourie, wat nie net my finansieel bygestaan het nie, maar ook ten volle met die grootste trots ondersteun het. Dankie ook aan my suster, Erika Ferreira, sonder wie se ondersteuning ek nie hierdie reis kon begin en eindig nie. `n Spesiale waardering vir my vriende wat oor die afgelope twee jaar daagliks iets nuut moes leer van Beyers Naudé. Dankie vir julle geduld. Hierby wil ek by name noem James, Scherlize, Tiaan, Tallie, Jan, en Irénée. Ook Jaco en Louis, saam met wie ek aande om gewerk het en wie my uitgedaag met hulle eie kennis. Hulle motivering was ook van onskatbare waarde. Dankie ook aan Rethie wat altyd byderhand was om my met teologiese insigte te help. To Babette, thank you, without your encouragement, and care. This project would not have been half of what is today. Dankie Deon en Zinelda vir julle gasvryheid tydens my studiereis, en ook die Van Zyl-gesin wat vir my `n tuiste geskep het vir die laaste jaar van hierdie studie. Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za INHOUDSOPGAWE Lys van Figure ..................................................................................................... II Inleiding ................................................................................................................ 1 Hoofstuk 1 Kinderjare 1915-1931 ................................................................. 13 Hoofstuk 2 Studentejare 1932-1939 .............................................................. 37 Hoofstuk 3 Die Afrikaner Dominee 1940-1954 ............................................ 76 Hoofstuk 4 Van Dominee na Dissident 1955-1963 ..................................... 110 Gevolgtrekking .................................................................................................. 147 Bibliografie ....................................................................................................... 154 I Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za LYS VAN FIGURE Figuur 1 Die Naudés in 1917. Ada met Adla op haar skoot, Jozua heel agter, Hymne, Beyers, Joos, met Ligstraal wat voor sit. (M. Weiss: Vuurtoring, p. 100.) .................................. 15 Figuur 2 Die Naudés, ongeveer 1927. Jozua en Adla agter. Middel: Stella, Ligstraal, Lirieka, Ouma Lenie van Huysseen, Netta, Hymne, en Adla. Beyers en Joos sit voor. (M. Weiss: Vuurtoring, p. 166.) ......................................................................................................... 26 Figuur 3 Ada en die kinders by die Hudson-motor, ongeveer 1926. Beyers is links agter. (M. Weiss: Vuurtoring, p. 171.).............................................................................................. 32 Figuur 4 Die studente kom kuier op Graaff-Reinet. V.l.n.r. voor: Jozua, Ada, onbekend. Agter: Ligstraal, Joos, Adla, Beyers. (NGKSAA, JF Naudé-versameling, P 5302/3.) ... 35 Figuur 5 Die Universiteitsdebatverenging in 1933. Beyers is heel regs. (US Argief, Watson- Lockley-versameling, 01381.) ......................................................................................... 43 Figuur 6 Die US se Studenteraad van 1935. Beyers is voor heel links, met Ilse agter hom. (US Argief, Watson-Lockley-versameling, 02367.) ........................................................ 50 Figuur 7 Beyers Naudé voor heel regs, op die 1935-HK van Wilgenhof. Danie Craven, voor tweede van links, is primarius. (US Argief, Watson-Lockley-versameling, 2283.) ........ 53 Figuur 8 Beyers Naudé met sy kamera op `n BTK-toer. Op BTK toere was foto`s ook baie
Load more

Recommended publications
  • An Exploration of the Communication Strategies of Three Early Think Tanks
    University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository Graduate Studies The Vault: Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2018-04-20 An exploration of the communication strategies of three early think tanks Hexham, Jeremy Johnston Hexham, J. J. (2018). An exploration of the communication strategies of three early think tanks (Unpublished doctoral thesis). University of Calgary, Calgary, AB. doi:10.11575/PRISM/31819 http://hdl.handle.net/1880/106533 doctoral thesis University of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission. Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY An exploration of the communication strategies of three early think tanks by Jeremy Johnston Hexham A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY GRADUATE PROGRAM IN COMMUNICATION AND MEDIA STUDIES CALGARY, ALBERTA APRIL, 2018 © Jeremy Johnston Hexham 2018 Abstract This thesis discusses the development of communications strategies by three early think tanks. These are the British Socialist Fabian Society founded in 1884, the South African Afrikaner Broederbond founded in 1918, and the South African Institute of Race Relations (SAIRR) founded in 1929. All three are generally accepted as highly influential organizations. The Fabian Society is arguably the earliest modern think tank. Its members developed two modes of communication which are identified in this thesis as rational-scientific and cultural-identity communications.
    [Show full text]
  • 2 Presentation of the Bible to Jacobus Uys (April 1837) A2/A3
    2 Presentation of the Bible to Jacobus Uys (April 1837) A2/A3 B2 C2 D N 2 Presentation 26 27 1 25 2 East wall, north-east projection (panel 3/31) 24 3 h. 2.3 × w. 2.4 m 4 23 Sculptor of clay maquette: Hennie Potgieter 22 5 Stages of production A1 W.H. Coetzer, pencil drawing, retained only in A2 (April–June 1937) 21 A2 Reproduction of A1 (June 1937) 6 A3 W.H. Coetzer, revised pencil drawing A1, h. 13.3 × w. 15.3 cm 20 (after September 1937) 7 Annotation: ‘Oorhandiging van Bybel aan Uys’ 19 (Handing over of Bible to Uys) 8 18 B1 One-third-scale clay maquette, not extant but replicated in B2 (1942–43) 17 9 B2 One-third-scale plaster maquette, h. 79 × w. 76 × d. 10.4 cm (1942–43) 16 10 C1 Full-scale wooden armature, not extant (1943–46) 15 14 13 12 11 C2 Full-scale clay relief, not extant but recorded in photograph; replicated in C3 (1943–46) 0 5 10 m C3 Full-scale plaster relief (1943–46), not extant but copied in D (late 1947–49) D Marble as installed in the Monument (1949) Early records SVK minutes (4.9.1937) ― item 4b (see below, ‘Developing the design’) Wenke (c. 1934–36) ― item VI. SEN. F.S. MALAN, 3 ‘Tweede toneel: Aanbieding van Bybel te Grahamstad aan Voortrekker Uys’ (Second scene: Presentation of Bible at Grahamstown to Voortrekker Uys) Moerdyk Layout (5.10.1936–15.1.1937) ― scene 2 on panel 5/31 ‘Bybel en Uys’ (Bible and Uys) Jansen Memorandum (19.1.1937) ― item 7.2 ‘The English inhabitants presenting Uys with a Bible before his departure’ Open Access.
    [Show full text]
  • The Dynamics of the Interaction Between Music and Society in Recorded Popular Afrikaans Music, 1900 – 2015
    The dynamics of the interaction between music and society in recorded popular Afrikaans music, 1900 – 2015. by Schalk Daniël van der Merwe Dissertation presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (History) in the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences at Stellenbosch University Supervisor: Prof. Albert Mauritz Grundlingh Co-supervisor: Prof. Stephanus Muller December 2015 Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za Declaration By submitting this dissertation, I declare that the entirety of the work contained therein is my own, original work, that I am the owner of the copyright thereof (unless to the extent explicitly otherwise stated) and that I have not previously in its entirety or in part submitted it for obtaining any qualification. December 2015 Copyright © 2015 Stellenbosch University All rights reserved Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za Acknowledgements Firstly, I would like to extend my gratitude to my two supervisors, Professors Albert Grundlingh and Stephanus Muller – I cannot think of a more suitable combination of minds for guiding me through the specific challenges of writing on this subject. I am also grateful for the History Department of Stellenbosch University for financial support, and to my colleagues Professors Sandra Swart, Bill Nasson, Wessel Visser, Dr. Anton Ehlers, (soon-to- be Dr.) Chet Fransch, Melvyn Daniels and Leschelle Morkel, and former colleague Dr. Sarah Duff – all of whom contributed in their own ways. Thank you to Mimi Seyffert, Marina Brink and Lynne Fourie at the University of Stellenbosch’s Library Archive for their help and guidance with archival material. Thank you also to Ernéne Verster and Huibre Lombard at the University of the Free State’s Institute for Contemporary History Archives, and to Monica van Deventer at the SABC Information Library for their help and correspondence.
    [Show full text]
  • Rachel Isabella Steyn 1905 - 1955
    RACHEL ISABELLA STEYN 1905 - 1955 deur ELIZABETH JOHANNA JACOBA TRUTER (geb. LANS) voorgele luidens die vereistes vir die graad DOCTOR LITTERARUM ET PHILOSOPHIAE in die vak GESKIEDENIS aan die UNIVERSITEIT VAN SUID-AFRIKA PROMOTOR: PROF S F MALAN JUNIE 1994 i Voorwoord Die behoefte om te skryf oor mev. Rachel Isabella Steyn, die laaste presidentsvrou van die Vrystaatse republiek, spruit nie net uit die begeerte om 1 n besondere lewe te laat herleef in die sin dat "the dead live again every time we remember them" nie.l Dit het nie veel eerder ontstaan uit die drang om 1 n lang bestaande ideaal te verwesenlik, naamlik om uit mev. Steyn se geskiedenis te probeer leer wat dit is wat gemaak het dat sy, ten spyte van die voortdurende afwisseling in haar lewe van die uiterstes van vreugde en smart, en ondanks die alledaagse lewenseise van fisiese inspanning, emosionele betrokkenheid, intellektuele uitdagings, gesinspannings, siektes - kortom, volledige betrokkenheid by die wispelturige gang van sake - nogtans kon uitstyg as mens en tot die hoogste titel wat mense aan In vrou uit hul geledere kon gee, die van "Volksmoeder." Hierdie taak is ondemeem, wel wetende dat daar reeds werke bestaan wat geheel of gedeeltelik handel oor mev. Steyn se lewe. 2 Nellie Kruger het byvoorbeeld in die laat veertigerjare in opdrag van die OVV oor mev. Steyn as presidentsvrou geskryf met die self erkende doel "dat die boek ons volk sal besiel en vir hulle die regte beeld sal voorhou van In mooi en toegewyde lewe. "3 Sy het mev. Steyn, toe nog in I ewe, ook vooraf verseker dat sy haar bes sou doen om 1 n beeld te skep wat haar en haar kinders tevrede sou stel.
    [Show full text]
  • Century South Africa
    JOERNAAL/JOURNAL EVALDSSON/WESSELS TO COMMEMORATE OR NOT TO COMMEMORATE: THREE IMPORTANT COMMEMORATIVE EVENTS IN TWENTIETH- CENTURY SOUTH AFRICA Anna-Karin Evaldsson1 and André Wessels2 1. INTRODUCTION To remember and to commemorate events that took place in the past seem to be a universal human trait, both at individual and group level, and there are countless examples of what we commemorate. The events in question can be of either a tragic or a joyous nature, but it seems to be more common to commemorate the former kind of events. At an individual level, commemorations usually deal with birthdays, wedding anniversaries or the remembrance of a loved one that died. Groups and nations usually commemorate events such as the birthdates of im- portant leaders, independence days, and important military events. For example, every year on 17 May, most Norwegians celebrate their independence from Sweden in 1905; in the Netherlands 30 April is the day on which the queen's birthday is officially celebrated (and consequently is a public holiday), and 4 May is a public holiday to commemorate the country's liberation at the end of World War II, while 4 July is celebrated in the United States of America (USA) as Independence Day. South Africa, and especially the Afrikaner,3 has a long history of commemorations, for example, the annual commemoration of the battle of Blood River (1838) on 16 December (for many years a public holiday, first known as Dingaan's Day and later as the Day of the Vow, or Day of the Covenant, and since 1994 as the Day of Reconciliation).
    [Show full text]
  • History of the Voortrekker Monumwent Tapestries
    ART. GENDER IDEOLOGY AND AFRIKANER NATIONALISM: A mSTORY OF THE VQORTREKKERVOORTREKKER MONUMENT TAPESTRIES University of Cape Town Liese van decWattder Watt Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts University of Cape Town January 1996 The copyright of this thesis vests in the author. No quotation from it or information derived from it is to be published without full acknowledgement of the source. The thesis is to be used for private study or non- commercial research purposes only. Published by the University of Cape Town (UCT) in terms of the non-exclusive license granted to UCT by the author. University of Cape Town ABSTRACT This dissertation considers the role both verbal and visual cultureplayed in the growth and articulation of Afrikanernationalism. For thisreasonit focuses notonly on the centraltopic underdiscussion, namely the Voortrekker tapestries, butalsoonthediscourses thatinformed the production of these tapestries and the circumstances surrounding the decision to commission them. The Voortrekker tapestries werecommissioned in 1952 by the Vrou-en Moederbeweging van die A1XV (Suid-Afrikaanse Spoorwee en Hawens) and presented to the Voortrekker Monument in 1960. It wasdecided that the tapestries should depict the GreatTrek of 1838 and, dueto his widely acclaimed statusas anauthorityon visual representations of Afrikaner history and culture, the artist WI! Coetzer was approached to be the designer of the tapestries. But Coelzer's version of the Great Trek of 1838 perpetuates many popular myths
    [Show full text]
  • The Potted History of South-Africa
    History of South Africa The potted history of South-Africa lundi 18 juin 2012 1488 Arrival of the Portuguese The portuguese ships , led by Bartolomeu Diaz reached the Cape of Storms It later became the Cape of Good Hope. He put into the port of Mossel bay(200kms at the east of the Cape) where he meets the Khoisans. This story is well told by the museum of Mossel Bay. lundi 18 juin 2012 1497 Always the Portuguese but they only are passing Expedition of Vasco de Gama to India around the Cape of Good Hope, Follows the coast of Natal, and at Christmas put into Port Natal ( présent day Durban) lundi 18 juin 2012 1500-1650, Waiting for the Boers The Khoisans(Khoikhois + Bochimans) were the first known inhabitants of South-Africa(-40000). About in 500, Bantous reach the actual province of Kwazulunatal. In the 10th century, the Xhosas, of bantu origin, settled in the Transkei. The first English and Dutch expeditions on their way of India put into the port of Cape of Good Hope. 1602 Creation of the Dutch company for Eastern India(VOC), whose principal activity is the spice trade. Its fleet includes 150 trade ships and 40 war ships. lundi 18 juin 2012 1652 Arrival of the Dutch April the sixth, Jan van Riebeeck lands at Capetown, at the foot of the Table Mountain. He comes to cultivate land and supply with fresh products (water,fruits, vegetables , meat…) the ships of the April the sixth, Jan van Riebeeck lands at Capetown, at the foot Company.The vitamins contained in these products are to fight the « scurvy » which decimates the crews of the ships.
    [Show full text]
  • South Africans
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Stellenbosch University SUNScholar Repository Discourse on identity: conversations with ‘white’ South Africans Charles Hugh Puttergill Dissertation presented for the degree Doctor of Philosophy at Stellenbosch University Promoter: Professor Simon B Bekker Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology March 2008 DECLARATION By submitting this dissertation electronically, I declare that the entirety of the work contained therein is my own, original work, that I am the owner of the copyright thereof (unless to the extent explicitly otherwise stated) and that I have not previously in its entirety or in part submitted it for obtaining any qualification. 27 February 2008 Copyright © 2008 Stellenbosch University All rights reserved ii ABSTRACT The uncertainty and insecurity generated by social transformation within local and global contexts foregrounds concerns with identity. South African society has a legacy of an entrenched racial order which previously privileged those classified ‘white’. The assumed normality in past practices of such an institutionalised system of racial privileging was challenged by a changing social, economic and political context. This dissertation examines the discourse of white middle-class South Africans on this changing context. The study draws on the discourse of Afrikaans- speaking and English-speaking interviewees living in urban and rural communities. Their discourse reveals the extent to which these changes have affected the ways they talk about themselves and others. There is a literature suggesting the significance of race in shaping people’s identity has diminished within the post-apartheid context. This study considers the extent to which the evasion of race suggested in a literature on whiteness is apparent in the discourse on the transformation of the society.
    [Show full text]
  • An Examination of the Role of Religion During Apartheid in South Africa
    LIBERATION OR DOMESTICATION? : AN EXAMINATION OF THE ROLE OF RELIGION DURING APARTHEID IN SOUTH AFRICA By Emily E. Welty Submitted to the Faculty of the School of International Service of American University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the Degree of Master of Arts In International Peace and Conflict Resolution Chair: )r. Mohammed Abu-Nimer . Josiah Young C O G - r d h ____ Dean Louis Goodman 2. me.u-i Date 2005 American University Washington, D.C. 20016 .THE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UMI Number: 1428242 Copyright 2005 by Welty, Emily E. All rights reserved. INFORMATION TO USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed-through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. ® UMI UMI Microform 1428242 Copyright 2005 by ProQuest Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest Information and Learning Company 300 North Zeeb Road P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. © COPYRIGHT by Emily E. Welty 2005 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter Three
    Chapter Three The government today is the Broederbond and the Broederbond is the government.1 The Broederbond Just as it was the white man’s way to think and dream for the Africans, the Broederbond (1918–1990) already a state within a state by the end of the 1940s, saw it as its mission to think and dream for the Afrikaners. How had I come so far in the struggle with such little knowledge of their collective mindset; of their national-socialist consciousness and of their influence on the body politic? Who were the Broederbond whose distorting signature was imprinted on the pages of the laws I was supposed to have contravened, and in whose secret cells the country’s policies were debated? These were the questions I asked myself, albeit too late, when I was already their prisoner. For most of its existence it was almost impossible to separate the thinking of the Broederbond from the policies of the National Party in its united, re-united and purist organizational forms. The majority of its leading members belonged to both organizations and were tied to the Broederbond’s decisions. On the occasion of its half centenary, one of the Broeders explained the organization’s thinking aptly: “Take the Broederbond out of Afrikanerdom, and what remains … for the Kingdom of God? Who is going to serve the cause, if Afrikanerdom is no longer there?”2 Here, in all its fanaticism, was the belief that the ideas of service, nation and duty to God were created according to the Broederbond’s thinking; the National Party in all it said and did simply disseminated that message.
    [Show full text]
  • As Estratégias E Políticas De Segurança
    As Estratégias e Políticas de Segurança Nacional da Total National Strategy e «Total Counter–Revolutionary Strategy»: As ações estratégicas de segurança executadas pelos sistemas de forças da África do Sul em defesa da Afrikanerdom (1978-1989) Orientadora: Professora Associada Sandra Maria Rodrigues Balão Coorientador: Professor Catedrático Ian van der Waag (Faculdade de Ciências Militares da Universidade de Stellenbosch) Mestrando: Mário Jorge Teixeira Pires [220598] Dissertação para a obtenção de Grau de Mestre em Estratégia Lisboa 2018 ÍNDICE LISTA DE FIGURAS ............................................................................................................ IV LISTA DE TABELAS ........................................................................................................... VI LISTA DE ACRÓNIMOS E SIGLAS ................................................................................ VII NOTA DE AGRADECIMENTOS .......................................................................................... 9 EPÍGRAFE ............................................................................................................................. 10 RESUMO ................................................................................................................................. 11 ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................ 12 INTRODUÇÃO .....................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • November 30, 1995 STATEMENT by ARCHBISHOP DESMOND TUTU
    November 30, 1995 STATEMENT BY ARCHBISHOP DESMOND TUTU ON HIS APPOINTMENT TO THE TRUTH AND RECONCILIATION COMMISSION It is a very great privilege and honour to have been appointed as the head of the Commission, and I am deeply humbled. The membership of the Commission appears to represent a fair spectrum of South African society, and comprises people who have special gifts to bring to the sensitive task of contributing to the healing process in our country. I appeal to South Africans and people around the world to uphold members of the Commission in their prayers, because the healing and reconciliation of a deeply traumatised and wounded people is a deeply spiritual exercise. I hope that the work of the Commission, by opening wounds to cleanse them, will thereby stop them from festering. We cannot be facile and say bygones will be bygones, because they will not be bygones and will return to haunt us. True reconciliation is never cheap, for it is based on forgiveness which is costly. Forgiveness in turn depends on repentance, which has to be based on an acknowledgement of what was done wrong, and therefore on disclosure of the truth. You cannot forgive what you do not know. The purpose of the Commission in terms of the act which establishes it is to assist in the process of healing and reconciliation. The Commission needs to be geared towards the victims of human rights abuses rather than the perpetrators. I would like us to concentrate on the rehabilitation of victims and restoration of their dignity, emphasising restitution rather than retribution and reprisal.
    [Show full text]